Unit 6 Body matters
Body matters
F E AT U R E S
70 Exercise around the
world
Different exercise regimes
72 No pain, no gain
Avoiding sports injuries
74 The enigma of beauty
What is beauty and why is
it important to us?
78 Palestinian free
running
A video about how an
unusual sport is inspiring
the youth in Gaza
Unit 6
Warm-up
Personal response
Ask students to tell a partner
about their experience of
biking. Elicit some responses
from the class.
1 Ask students to work in pairs
to write a snappy caption for
the photoone that captures
the moment and the feelings the
cyclist might have. Elicit some
suggestions from the class, and
discuss which the students like
best and why.
1 Work in pairs. Write a short caption to accompany the photo.
Compare your caption with another pair.
Sample anSWerS
2 Look at the expressions about exercise and health. Write in the
words that are missing from four of them. Then check your Natural high; Natural thrill; The open
answers with your teacher.
road; Adrenaline rush; The need for
1 stay healthy 5 go for a walk/run/ride speed; Wheeeee!; Wild wheels
2 keep in shape 6 stretch your legs
3 watch your weight 7 go on a diet
4 work out at the gym 8 stay active 2 Ask students to complete the
3 Work in groups. Ask each other questions about your fitness expressions with a preposition
using the expressions in Exercise 2.
individually, and then compare
answers with a partner. Emphasize
A: What do you do to stay in that only four phrases need a
shape?
B: I walk a lot and I go preposition; the other expressions
swimming a couple of times are already complete. Check by
a week.
eliciting the four items as complete
C: Dont you find swimming
phrases.
boring?
B: Just doing laps is a little 3 Ask students to discuss their
dull, but it keeps me in
reasonable shape.
personal exercise regimes in
groups, following the model
dialogue and asking follow-up
questions. Elicit responses from
Unit 6 Body matters 69
the class.
Unit 6 Body matters 69
 6a
Exercise around
the world
Warm-up
Personal response
Ask students to discuss exercise
around the world with a
partnerwhich countries
do the most? Why? Do any
countries do very little or none?
Elicit ideas from the class.
reading
1 Ask students to read the quotation
and discuss its implications with a
partner. Check that they understand
what a treadmill is (an exercise
machine where you walk in one
place on a moving belt). Elicit ideas
from the class.
Sample anSWer
The point he is making is that if you
do exercise that you enjoy, the time
passes quickly, and it doesnt feel as if
you are making an effort.
2 Ask students to read the
sentences in the list, then scan the
article to match the sentences to
the form of exercise they relate to.
They should check with a partner
before you elicit answers from
the whole class. Note that some
answers may vary slightly, based
on students own background
knowledge (for example, yoga has
also been practiced for centuries,
although this is not explicitly
mentioned in the text).
3 Elicit suggestions from around
the class, and discuss which are
most suitable.
Sample anSWerS
1 A positive start to your day
2 No pain, no gain
3 Relax and get fit
language focus
6 anSWerS
a 2 and 3
b In 2, it is after the phrasal verb,
while in 3, it is between the verb
and the preposition
70
6a Exercise around the world
Reading 3 Work in pairs. Write a suitable
1 Look at this quotation by the professional swimmer David
Walters. What point was he making about exercise? Do you agree?
heading for each paragraph.
4 Work in groups. Discuss the main
An hour of basketball feels like fifteen minutes. An hour on a treadmill
feels like a weekend in traffic school.
benefit of each exercise. Do you do
anything similar? Do any of them
appeal to you? Why?
David Walters, swimmer
WORDBUILDING off and up
2 Quickly read the article and match the sentences to the exercise
There are certain phrasal verbs
they describe: Radio Taiso (RT), swogging (S), or yoga (Y). There
is sometimes more than one possibility.
that use off and up to mean doing
something completely or to the end.
1 Its a trendy form of exercise. Y dry off, eat up, finish off
2 It benefits the mind and the body. Y, RT
3 It is not a strenuous form of exercise. Y, RT
4 Your body feels as if it is under attack. S
5 People have been doing this form of exercise for centuries. S
6 Its an enjoyable way to exercise. RT
ExErcisE Here are a
few o f our
readers
around the world experiences.
Not many people outside Japan have come across Radio Taiso. KEvIN
Each morning at 6:30 you hear this tinkly piano sound coming out
of the radio and everywhere people start doing calisthenics, (gentle warm-
up exercises) to get ready for the day ahead. Theyre group exercises that
everyone can join in with, at home or in the park. That group ethic is very
Japanese. People say the idea was copied from US factories in the 1920s. Its
fun and theyre simple movements that anyone can do, old or young. They
get the brain working, too.
I do something called swogging, a mixture of jogging and swimming.
JO
The inspiration came from a book about people in the Caucasus
mountains who can live to well over a hundred and remain mentally and
physically fit. For generations theyve been walking down steep slopes each
day to swim in cold mountain streams. The idea of freezing cold water might
put a lot of people off, but its scientifically proven to help your circulation
and boost your immune system, because it triggers your bodys self-defense
mechanisms. Then they dry off and climb back up the mountain. I do the
same thing in North Wales where I live, but I jog two miles to a lake. Its
exhilarating, but Ive got a little way to go before I reach a hundred!
To an outside observer, yoga doesnt look hard; its just slow RASHMI
stretching and holding certain positions. Yoga practitioners came
up with their own version of the saying Dont just sit there, do something,
which is Dont just do something, sit there. But actually, its a very good
workout. Like a lot of Eastern exercise regimes, it offers a more holistic
approach to health by combining physical fitness with mental well-being.
The idea is to concentrate on your breathing to make movement easier and
reduce tension. Although it started out in India, only a small proportion of the
population there practice yoga seriously. Recently more Indians have taken it
up, partly because theyve seen it become trendy in the West.
70
7 Read through the language focus box.
extra activity
Ask students to read the text and put
Ask students to find two more phrasal the objects of the phrasal verbs into the
verbs in the second paragraph and a correct positions. They should do this
three-word phrasal verb (verb + two
individually, and then compare answers
prepositions) in the third paragraph,
and discuss the meanings with a partner.
with a partner before you elicit answers
from the class as complete sentences.
Answers: second paragraph:
put...off (5 deter)
dry off (5 dry with a towel or allow to dry) 7 anSWerS
third paragraph: came up with 1 get over this
(5 thought of) 2 setting them up
3 hit on it
4 fell back on some Samba music
5 getting out of dangerous situations
6 carrying them out
Language focus phrasal verbs
5 Look at the verb + preposition(s) combinations and
answer the questions.
come across come out of join in with
come out of
a Which one(s) are not phrasal verbs; they simply
combine the meanings of the verb and the preposition
to give a more literal meaning (like go into a room)?
b Which one(s) are phrasal verbs? They have a meaning
that is different from the separate meanings of the
verb and preposition and is more metaphorical or
idiomatic. come across, join with
6 Look at the sentences (13) about yoga and answer the
questions (ab).
1 It started out in India.
2 In recent years, a lot of Westerners have gotten into it.
3 Recently more Indians have taken it up.
a Which phrasal verbs have an object?
b What do you notice about the position(s) of the object?
PHRASAL VERBS
Intransitive phrasal verbs
We get along very well.
Separable phrasal verbs
I dont want to put off the appointment.
I dont want to put the appointment off.
Inseparable phrasal verbs
I came across a book on Tai Chi at the library.
I came across it at the library.
Three-part phrasal verbs
Yoga practitioners came up with their own version.
Yoga practitioners came up with it.
Three-part phrasal verbs with two objects
He took us up on the invitation.
For more information and practice, see page 163.
7 Put the objects of each phrasal verb in the correct position
below.
S
ickness as a child left Joseph Pilates, born in
Germany in 1880, frail and weak. To 1 get over
(this), he developed a series of exercises to build
core muscle strength. Some of his early students
then opened studios using his methods, 2 setting up
(them) in various cities. Pilates is now practiced by
millions all over the world.
The idea for Zumba came about in Colombia in the
1990s. Alberto Perez 3 hit on (it) when he was taking
an aerobics class in his native Colombia. Having
forgotten his usual music for an aerobics class. He
9 anSWerS
1 Im thinking of taking up Pilates.
2 It took me forever to get over it.
3 He set it up last year.
4 We couldnt get out of it.
5 The doctor is going to carry out some
tests on my knee.
6 How did you hit on that idea?
7 Dont throw that away!
8 It takes me back to my childhood.
Vocabulary notes
take up 5 to start (usually a hobby)
it takes me back 5 it reminds me of a
previous time or event
8 What do the phrasal verbs in bold in
Exercise 7 mean? Discuss with your partner.
9 Put the words in sentence order.
1 Im thinking / of / up / Pilates / taking
2 I hurt my back playing tennis. It took /
it / me / over/ forever / to get
3 My friend has his own dance school.
He / up / set / last year / it
4 At school we had to exercise twice a
week. We / of / it / get / couldnt / out
5 The doctor / out / some tests /
is going / to carry / on my knee
6 How / hit / that idea? / did you / on
7 Dont / away! / that / throw /
8 It takes / back / my childhood / to / me
Speaking
10 Work in pairs. Check the meanings of the
phrasal verbs, then interview your partner
using the questionnaire.
1 How much time do you set aside for
exercise each week?
2 What kind of exercise do you go in for?
3 Have you taken up any new forms of
exercise in the last twelve months?
4 Do you keep up with exercise trends?
5 Do you prefer to exercise alone or to join in
with others?
6 What do you put off more: exercising or
cleaning?
11 Compare your findings with another pair.
What are their attitudes to exercise?
4
fell back on (some Salsa music) he had with him.
Zumba, a routine combining aerobics with Latin
dance moves, was born. Since then it has taken off
and become an international exercise craze.
Most people think Tai Chi is a form of meditation.
In fact, its an old Chinese martial art based on the
idea of 5 getting out of (dangerous situations) by
turning an attackers force against him. The most
common form of Tai Chi today is a routine of slow
movements. You often see people 6 carrying out
(them) in parks and public spaces.
Unit 6 Body matters
Speaking
10 anSWerS
1 set aside 5 reserve
2 go in for 5 have an interest in doing
3 take up 5 start (to do)
4 keep up with 5 continue to know the
newest information about something
5 join in 5 be involved
6 put off 5 delay doing
HOmeWOrK Ask students to write a
150-word report about their classmates
exercise habits.
8 anSWerS
get over 5 recover (from); set up 5
start
(a business or other organization);
come about 5 happen; hit on 5
have (an idea); fall back on 5 use
as a substitute; take off 5 become
popular; get out of 5 avoid or leave a
difficult situation; carry out 5 do
Grammar note
We can classify transitive (i.e.,
having an object) two-part
phrasal verbs into three kinds:
1 always inseparable (i.e., the
object must always follow the
particle), for example:
to look She looks after
after sb her mother on the
weekend.
(similar verbs: call for, look
through, come after, count
on, go into, look for, look
through, make of, take after)
2 separable or inseparable (i.e.,
the object can either be before
or after the particle; however,
when it is a pronoun it must
come between the verb and
the particle), for example:
to put He put out the cat
out for the night.
He put the cat out
for the night.
He put it out for
the night.
(similar verbs: bring out, bring
around, call off, drop off, get
up, give up, look up, make up,
71
pass around, pick up, put across)
3 always separable (i.e., the
object must always come
between the verb and the
particle), for example:
to call sb Can you call Peter
back back this evening?
(similar verbs: call over, invite
out, tell apart)
Students can find out the word
order of a new phrasal verb
by checking in a dictionary.
Most dictionaries will give the
information like this:
look after sb / sth (object must
follow the particle, as in 1)
call sb back (object must come
before the particle, as in 3)
Unit 6 Body matters 71
 6b
No pain, no gain
Warm-up
Personal response
Ask students to tell a partner
about the most strenuous,
exhausting, and demanding
physical activity they have
ever done. It might not have
anything to do with sports. Elicit
some experiences from the class.
Vocabulary
1 Sample anSWerS
He might pull a muscle, twist/sprain
an ankle, strain his back, suffer from
exhaustion/dehydration/nausea
(altitude sickness)/sunstroke/
hypothermia, damage his knees, break
a leg/ankle/arm in a fall, get hit by falling
rocks, get blisters and cuts on his feet.
Vocabulary note
Point out the difference between
these two similar verbs:
sprain 5 an injury in a joint, e.g.,
ankle or wrist, caused by too
much stress
strain 5 an injury in a muscle
caused by overstretching; it can
include torn muscle fibers. This
is also called a pulled muscle in
informal English.
Strain can also be used as a
general word for stress or
pressure, either physical stress on
the body or mental stress.
Other common injuries:
to graze your knee 5 to take the
top layer of skin off
to bump your head 5 to knock
your head against something
(e.g., the door)
to lose your voice 5 to be unable
to speak because of a throat
inflammation
to stub your toe 5 to hit your toe
to chip a tooth 5 to hit a tooth
on something hard so that a
corner breaks off
to bruise your ribs 5 you can
actually bruise any part of the
body, i.e., hit the body and cause
a purple mark to form
to break your arm 5 to break the
bone in the arm (or any other
part of the body)
72
6b No pain, no gain
Vocabulary injuries
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and caption.
What injuries do you think this runner risks?
2 Choose the best noun to complete these
collocations to describe injuries.
1 graze your knee / voice / rib
2 bump your tooth / head / toe
3 pull a back / muscle / knee
4 lose your ankle / voice / back
5 stub your toe / ribs / knee
6 sprain your ankle / ribs / toe
7 strain your head / wrist / back
8 chip a tooth / voice / knee
9 bruise your head / ribs / muscle
10 break your knee / muscle / arm
3 Work in groups. Put the injuries in Exercise 2
in order according to the following criteria.
a most/least painful
b most/least annoying
c most/least common
Listening
4 22 Listen to an interview with
ultrarunner Ben Newborn talking about
sports injuries. Answer the questions.
1 How does Newborn define ultrarunning?
2 What was his biggest fear about doing the
Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc?
3 What mistake do many athletes make?
4 What is his answer to sports injuries?
72
3 When checking, encourage groups to
explain their rankings.
listening
4 anSWerS
1 Ultrarunning is running further than a
normal marathon.
2 The fear of failure.
3 They continue when they have an injury
rather than resting.
4 Listen to your body and do the right kind of
preparation.
Ultrarunner on the 100-mi Ultra-Trail
du Mont-Blanc annual race, France
5 22 Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 He had to overcome
exhaustion
and the things that
make you feel nauseous .
2 A lot of athletes try to ignore small strains or
twinges in a joint.
3 Minor problems can develop into more severe
injuries.
4 His exercises have prevented him from getting ankle
sprains , lower back pain, and runners knee.
Idioms health
6 Work in pairs. What do you think this idiom means?
Im not talking about when theyre in a really bad
way. seriously injured or sick
7 Complete these idioms using the prepositions below.
Discuss their meaning with your partner and check your
answers with your instructor.
down in off on out under up
1 A: I heard Sarah fell off her bicycle. Is she in
a
bad way?
B: Luckily she didnt break anything; she was pretty
shaken up though.
2 A: Is it true that Jack nearly cut his finger off?
B: Yes, he practically passed out when he saw
what hed done. It was a pretty deep cut, but hes
on the mend now, I think.
3 A: You look a little off color. Are you feeling
under the weather?
B: No, Im not sick. Im just run down from working
too much.
Background notes
The Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc is a single-
stage mountain ultramarathon, and
considered the most difficult foot racein
Europe. It mostly follows the Tour du
Mont-Blanc hiking path, through the
Alps in France, Italy, and Switzerland.
The fastest runners complete the race
in about 20 hours, but most participants
finish in 3045 hours. There are food
and drink points at regular intervals,
and four life bases along the course.
Amaximum of 2,000 participants can
take part, and they have to prove their
ability beforehand.
 8 Match these words with the correct idioms
from Exercise 7.
distressed fainted getting better
lacking in energy pale suffering
unwell
Language focus verb
patterns
9 Work in pairs. Match the verbs (16) with
the verb patterns (af) that follow them.
Then look at the highlighted verbs in the
audioscript on pages 1778 and check your
answers.
1 involve d a to do
2 require b b someone to do
3 worry e c someone do
4 make c d doing
5 tend a e about doing
6 discourage f f someone from doing
10 Find one more example of each type of verb
pattern in the audioscript on pages 1778.
VERB PATTERNS
Verb + to + infinitive
Accidents seem to happen most when people are
tired.
Verb + object + to + infinitive
The fallen tree caused the driver to stop suddenly.
Verb + object + infinitive
Drinking lots of water helps people feel less
nauseous.
Verb + -ing
I dont recommend riding a bike without a helmet.
Verb + preposition + -ing
If you think about getting injured, its more likely
that you will.
Verb + object + preposition + -ing
She accused him of not paying attention.
For more information and practice, see page 164.
11 Look at the language focus box. Complete
the sentences about sports injuries using
the correct verb patterns. You need to add
prepositions in some of the sentences.
1 These people often complain about suffering
(suffer) from pink eye from the chlorine
in the water. They also tend to be
(be) susceptible to shoulder problems.
2 These people risk damaging (damage)
the joints in their legs. But they can avoid
getting (get) long-term injuries by
wearing the right shoes.
3 Since their sport relies so heavily on using (use)
the arm, these people tend to have (have)
problems with their elbows and forearms.
4 Because these people pull muscles so often, they
are encouraged to warm (warm) up properly
before a match to prevent such injuries from occurring Idioms
(occur).
5 Neck pain is common among these people. Because
they insist on bending (bend) low over the 8 anSWerS
handlebars, forcing them to raise (raise) their
heads to see ahead.
in a bad way: suffering
shaken up: distressed
12 Which of these athletes are being referred to in the passed out: fainted
sentences in Exercise 11? Discuss with your partner.
on the mend: getting better
cyclists runners soccer players swimmers off color: pale
tennis players under the weather: unwell
run down: lacking in energy
13 Often verbs that express a similar idea are followed
by the same verb pattern. Look at the sentences (18).
Choose a verb from the box that could replace the verbs
in bold without changing the verb pattern.
language focus
appear blame convince decide
10 Ask students to find the other
examples in the audioscript on
expect mean postpone stop
page 177. Elicit the answers from
1 We cant prevent people from having accidents.
2 The organizers were criticized for not having paid the class. See also highlighting in
enough attention to track safety. the audioscript.
3 If the job involves straining my back in any way, Im
afraid I cant risk it.
4 Ive made up my mind to get in shape. anSWerS
5 She seemed to pull a muscle as she stretched reach
the ball. a like to turn; wanted to take; had
6 Dont delay going to the doctor. If you do, itll take to get; try to go; afford to rest;
longer to recover from the injury. used to suffer
7 I hope to be playing again in a few weeks.
8 The doctor persuaded him to take it easy for a while. b warning you to be
c let me run
Speaking d mean running; avoid getting
e succeed in overcoming
14 Work in pairs. Choose one of the following incidents
and describe what happened. f prevent me from getting
1 A time when you or a friend were injured doing a
sport or in some other situation. 11 Read through the box about
2 A time when you or a friend narrowly escaped being
injured. verb patterns with the class and
discuss the contents. Ask students
I was playing tennis one time to use the patterns from the box
and I got hit in the head with
a ball and passed out!
to complete the sentences. They
should do this individually, and
Oh no! Did anyone then check with a partner. Elicit
take you to a hospital?
the answers from the class as
complete sentences.

12 anSWerS
Unit 6 Body matters 73
1 swimmers
2 runners
3 tennis players
4 soccer players
extra activity HOmeWOrK Ask students to write in 5 cyclists
Ask students to write three sentences greater detail about the incident they
telling someone how to avoid injuries, discussed in Exercise 14.
13 Point out that the verbs in the
using a different verb pattern for each
box are in the infinitive form, and
sentence.
a different form may be needed in
the sentences.

anSWerS
1 stop
2 blame
3 mean
4 decide
5 appear
6 postpone
7 expect
8 convince

Unit 6 Body matters 73

 6c
The enigma
of beauty
Warm-up
Personal response
Ask students to say which
famous person they think is
veryhandsome or beautiful, and
why. Discuss the choices as a class.
reading
1 Ask students to work in groups
of three and discuss how beautiful
they find the six faces in the
photos, and why. Elicit responses
from the whole class. You may
want to mention that Huli
Wigmen in Papua New Guinea
(picture 4) paint their faces to
make themselves more attractive,
as do geisha in Japan (picture 5).
2 Ask students to work in pairs to
discuss the statements. Elicit some
responses from the class. Then ask
them to read the text to find out
what the author thinks.
anSWerS
1 False
2 True
3 True
4 False
extra activity
In pairs, have students correct the
false items in Exercise 2.
extra activity
3 Ask students to read through the
Ask students to find and discuss the
phrases, then find them in the article and
universal characteristics of beauty
choose the correct meaning. They can
mentioned in the article with a
check with a partner before you elicit the
partner. Did they refer to any of
these when they were discussing
answers from the class.
the faces in Exercise 1? Elicit some
responses from the class.
Universal characteristics
mentioned: symmetry,
averageness, indications of
strength and good health
74
6c The enigma of beauty
Reading 5 Compare your answers from Exercise 4 with
another pair. Discuss your conclusions.
1 Work in groups. Check () the faces that you think are
beautiful or handsome. Can you explain why? How
Word focus face
many do you agree on? Discuss your findings.
6 Find two expressions with face in paragraphs
2 Look at the sentences and discuss if you think each one 1 and 6 of the article which mean the
is true or not. Then read the article and find out the
following.
authors views.
a to be honest b sad looks
1 There are no universal characteristics of human
beauty. 7 Choose the meaning that face has in
2 Perceptions of a persons beauty can be connected to sentences (16). Then explain the meaning of
their social position. the expressions.
3 Your character can have an influence on whether
people think you are beautiful or not. attitude/expression confront
4 The search for beauty is superficial and vain. credibility surface
3 Read the article again. Choose the meaning (a or b) that 1 He couldnt admit he was wrong. He
best matches the phrases from the text. didnt want to lose face in front of us.
1 meets the question with a composed reply (para 1) means:
2 Im sure she was disappointed not to win,
but she put a brave face on it.
a has a ready answer b is calm
3 I took her offer to help at face value. I
2 we may as well dissect a soap bubble (para 2) means:
a delicate b impossible
dont think she had any hidden motive.
4 The actors had trouble keeping a straight
3 aesthetic considerations (para 2) means:
face when Jon fell off the stage.
a looking nice b being healthy
5 You should tell her that you scratched her
4 a shallow quest (para 5) means the search is:
car, because sooner or later you will have
a pointless b trivial
to face the music.
5 fussed over (para 6) means:
a made to feel special b discussed a lot
6 On the face of it, it seems like a good idea,
but I wouldnt rush into making a decision.
Critical thinking identifying aims Speaking
4 Work in pairs. Look at this list of purposes for writing
an article and discuss which best fits the article The
8 Work in pairs. You are planning an
advertising campaign for a face cream that
enigma of beauty. Underline the parts of the article that
support this view.
your company is launching. Read your role
cards and prepare ideas for the campaign.
1 to persuade using objective or scientific facts Decide on the name of your product, then
2 to persuade using subjective argument and act out the meeting to agree on the ads that
anecdotal evidence will run.
3 to inform and teach the reader something new
4 to inform and invite reflection on particular issues
Student A: Turn to page 155.
5 to entertain by telling stories about real or imaginary Student B: Turn to page 156.
characters
74
Vocabulary note
to diminish 5 to become less
to dissect 5 to cut up in order to
examine
foot-binding 5 breaking and wrapping
the foot in tight bandages to keep it
from growing
a trait 5 a characteristic
to preoccupy 5 to be thought about
very often
to fuss over 5 to give someone a lot of
attention in an excited way
Sheli Jeffry is searching for beauty. As a scout for Ford, one
of the worlds top modeling agencies, Jeffry scans up to 200
young women every Thursday afternoon. They line up and
one by one the line diminishes. Tears roll and there are long
faces as the refrain Youre not what were looking for right
now extinguishes the conversationand hope. Faced with
rejection, one hopeful asks: What are you looking for?
Jeffry meets the question with a composed reply. I know it
when I see it.
Define beauty? Some say we may as well dissect a soap
bubble; that beauty is only in the eye of the beholder. Yet
it does seem that across different cultures we can agree on
certain points. Psychologists have proved this by testing
the attractiveness of different faces on children. Symmetry
is one characteristic that meets with general approval;
averageness is another: we seem to prefer features that
are not extreme. Things that speak of strength and good
health, such as a glowing complexion and full lips in
women or a strong jaw in men, are also universal qualities.
Scientists maintain that this is the true definition of beauty,
because for them we are influenced not by aesthetic but
by biological considerations: the need to produce healthy
children.
But there are also cultural differences in how beauty is
defined. The women of the Padaung tribe in Myanmar put
brass coils around their necks to extend them because in
their culture very long necks are considered beautiful. In
China and Japan, small feet are admired in women, though
thankfully the ancient practice of foot-binding has long
since disappeared. In cultures where peoples skin is dark,
it is often seen as desirable to have fair skin. Conversely, in
the northern hemisphere, fair-skinned people put value on
having a tan.
Perceptions of beauty also change over time. Historically
in northern Europe and the US, tanned skin belonged to
those who had to work outside (agricultural workers or
other poorer members of society) and so a white skin
was a symbol of status and beauty. Now a tan reflects
status of a different kind: those that can afford a beach
vacation in the Mediterranean or the Caribbean. Our
idea of the perfect body shape is also different from 200
years ago. In almost all cultures, a little fat was a positive
trait, a sign of wealth and well-being. Nowadays a very
different image stares out at us from the pages of fashion
The
enigma BEAUTy
of
magazines: that of a long-limbed, impossibly thin figure.
Whatever the perception of ideal beauty may be, the search
for it has preoccupied people of all cultures for centuries,
from ancient Egypt to modern China.
Is it a shallow quest? We all like to think that beauty is not
only skin deep; that personality and charm contribute as
Critical thinking
much, if not more, to attractiveness as superficial beauty. 4 Ask students to read the
Certainly, as we grow older, the more generous our definition
of beauty seems to become. Experience teaches us to look for statements, discuss them with a
the beauty within, rather than what is on the outside. partner, and decide on the best
But lets face it, most of us still care how we look. Until she reason for writing the article. Do
was a hundred years old, my grandmother had a regular not check answers at this stage.
appointment at the beauty salon down the street. A month
before she died, I took her there in my car. I stayed and
watched as she was still being greeted and fussed over by 5 anSWer
the hairdresser and manicurist. Afterwards, in the nursing
home, she radiated happiness. She is not alone in getting
Number 4 best fits the article
satisfaction from looking nice. It seems the quest for beauty (facts about different cultures are
presented; historical perspective is
goes deeper than vanity; maybe it fulfils a deep human need
in all of us. presented; Is it a shallow quest? invites
reflection; the author presents an
glowing (adj) /glo/ bright and healthy looking
limb (n) /lm/ an arm or a leg anecdote).
manicurist (n) /mnkjrst/ someone who cleans, cuts, and
polishes fingernails
scout (n) /skat/ someone whose job is to search for people
with certain qualities or talents
Word focus
6 Ask students to find the two
expressions with face. Elicit
answers from the class.
anSWerS
a lets face it
b there are long faces
7 Ask students to match the
meaning of face in each expression
to one of the words in the box,
then discuss the meaning of the
whole expression with a partner.
Elicit the answers from the whole
class.
anSWerS
1 credibility: he didnt want to look
foolish
2 attitude/expression: didnt show her
disappointment
3 surface: for what it seemed to be
Unit 6 Body matters 75
4 attitude/expression: looking serious,
not laughing
5 confront: accept the consequences
6 surface: on the surface, without
looking at the details
Speaking
8 After pairs act out the situation,
ask them to discuss their ideas
with another pair and find out the
similarities and differences in their
ideas.
Unit 6 Body matters 75
 6d
A bold initiative
Warm-up
Personal response
Ask students to discuss the
attitude toward sports and
fitness at the schools they
attended. How much physical
education did they have to do?
What did it consist of? Were
there sports teams?
real life
1 Ask students to read the
information about what the six
countries do to encourage a
healthy society. They should then
work with a partner to discuss the
questions. Elicit ideas from the
class.
2 Ask students to read the
questions to focus their listening;
then play the audio. Elicit answers
from the class.
anSWerS
1 The company wants to lead the
way in encouraging health and
fitness, improving productivity.
2 Encourage health and fitness,
build a gym, offer fun sports
or group exercise, personal
incentives (loans for bikes)
3 Qatar encourages companies to
build gyms.
4 Bs bike idea is approved by A
and C; As group exercise idea is
rejected by B.
Speaking skill
3 Read through the instructions
and the phrases in the box. Ask
students to listen again and
complete the phrases.
76
6d A bold initiative
Real life discussing proposals
1 Work in pairs. Read how some governments around
the world encourage their populations to get in
shape and stay healthy. Answer the questions.
1 What are the pros and cons of each idea?
2 Which initiative would work best ? Why?
3 Are there any similar initiatives in your country?
1 JAPAN: Broadcast a daily morning
exercise routine on national radio.
2 WASHINGTON STATE, US: Make it
compulsory for fast food chains to show
the calorie count for each item on the
menu.
3 QATAR: Encourage companies to
install gyms in the workplace so that
workers can exercise on breaks.
4 UK: Use public health campaigns to
promote exercise activities that are
quick and easy to do.
5 SOUTH KOREA: Make getting a good
grade in physical education at school
count toward college acceptance.
6 PHILIPPINES: In school, promote sports
like karate that combine exercise with
self-defense skills.
76
anSWerS
1 there may not be a budget for that
2 a lot of people may do these things
anyway
3 original idea, it might be fun
4 that isnt the intention, it could look
that way
5 exactly what proportion of the cost, I
think that that kind of individual incentive
probably works much better
6 easy to monitor whether they used the
bikes to commute to work or for leisure,
youd probably just have to accept that risk
2 23 Listen to the discussion between a group
of human resources managers at a large company
about ideas to promote health and fitness among
their employees. Answer the questions.
1 Why is promoting fitness important to the
company?
2 What different ideas are proposed?
3 Were any of them like those in Exercise 1?
4 Which idea got approval? Which idea was
rejected?
3 Speaking skill conceding a point
23 The speakers tried to anticipate objections
to each proposal. Look at the phrases in the box
for conceding a point. Then listen again and
complete the phrases.
CONCEDING A POINT
I realize that 1 .
Admittedly, 2 .
Its not (a) particularly 3 , Ill grant
you, but .
I know 4 , but .
Im just thinking off the top of my head.
I havent worked this out exactly, but
I havent thought through 5 , but
.
It wouldnt be so 6
, but
.
4 Pronunciation toning down negative
statements
a 24 Listen to these two statements where the
speaker tries to reduce the impact of a negative
statement. Underline the words which are most
strongly stressed in each sentence.
1 Its not a particularly original idea
2 It wouldnt be so easy to monitor
b 25 Work in pairs. Practice saying these
sentences where a negative sentiment has been
toned down. Then listen and compare your
pronunciation.
1 I know its not a very practical solution.
2 It wouldnt be that simple to convince people.
3 Im not actually sure of the exact numbers.
5 Work in groups. Each think of another idea to
promote the health of company employees. Then
present and discuss your ideas. Try to anticipate
arguments against your proposal.
pronunciation
4a Ask students to read the two
sentences and underline the words
which are most strongly stressed. Elicit
the answers from the class.
4b Ask students to practice saying the
sentences in pairs; then play the audio.
5 Ask students to each come up with
another idea to promote health, then
discuss the ideas in their group.
6e A controversial plan
Writing a formal
report
1 Work in pairs. Have you ever had
to write a formal report? Who
was it for and what was it about?
Discuss with your partner.
2 Read the internal report about a
public health initiative and look
at the questions. Underline the
answers in the report.
1 What is the aim of the report?
2 What are the main findings?
3 What action is proposed?
3 Read the description below and
say which of the features in bold
appear in the report.
Everything except bullet points
Formal reports present the
findings of an investigation
and make a recommendation
based on these findings. The
important thing is for the
reader to be able to scan
the document quickly for key
information, so bullet points,
subheadings, and short
paragraphs are all useful.
Reports present objective
facts, but internal reports
between colleagues can
also offer more subjective
comments.
4 Writing skill linking adverbs
and adverbial phrases
a Find the adverb or adverbial
phrase in the report that has the
same meaning as the phrases
below. Which introduce more
subjective comments?
as might be expected
clearly
in view of this
on the face of it
on the other hand
whatever the justification
5 You may want to assign this writing
task as homework.
6 Students should exchange reports
with a partner, and use the bullet points
in the Student Book to analyze their
partners work and give feedback.
6e
A controversial
ProPosed initiative
Over 100 people of different ages and social backgrounds were
interviewed to decide on the viability of a public health initiative.
plan
The initiative examined was a proposal for smokers to pay higher
health insurance premiums. Ostensibly, the proposal is logical since
insurance is based on the evaluation of risk. Evidently, if a person
smokes, the risk of disease is increased.
Public reaction Warm-up
Thirty percent of the interviewees objected on the grounds that Personal response
the initiative was discriminatory. A common argument was that, by
this principle, higher premiums should also be paid by people who Ask students to say what they
overeat. Right or wrong, these critics view smoking and overeating think about smoking and the
not as a question of personal choice, but as something beyond an
individuals control. smoking laws and regulations
Not surprisingly, 55 percent took the opposite view: that smokers in their countries, towns, and
ought to pay for the consequences of their behavior. However, when workplaces. Initiate a discussion.
interviewees were asked if people should be helped to quit smoking,
the response was 90 percent positive.
recommendation Writing
Accordingly, we recommend setting up a pilot program giving
smokers free help from their insurance company to stop smoking
2 anSWerS
over a six-month period. During this time, they will be offered
various solutions to stop smoking. If they succeed, they will be
rewarded with a discount of 5 percent on their insurance premiums
1 To decide on the viability of a
public health initiative
for as long as they remain non-smokers. Conversely, if they fail, their
insurance premiums will increase by 20 percent. 2 30 percent objected, 55 percent
were in favor, 90 percent thought
b Work in pairs. Replace the expressions in bold in the sentences smokers should be given help to quit
(16) with these adverbs. 3 A pilot program in which smokers
alternatively apparently interestingly are given help to quit within a
overall specifically ultimately six-month period
1 It seems that this idea has already been tested in the US.
2 It was worth noting that 15 percent had no opinion.
3 To be exact, smokers objected to higher premiums. extra activity
4 On the whole, the response to the idea of a trial was positive.
Ask students to discuss their
5 In the end, it will be the insurance companies who decide.
6 Either that or the government will take some other measures. personal views of the report and
its findings with a partner. Elicit
5 Write a short internal report for a companys health initiatives.
You can use the ideas you discussed in Exercise 5 on page 76. some opinions from the class.
Write between 200 and 250 words.
6 Exchange reports with your partner. Answer the questions.
Have they presented their aims, findings, and
Writing skill
recommendations?
Have they divided the summary into clear sections? 4a anSWerS
Have they been objective but at the same time presented a
clear argument for the next step?
as might be expected = not surprisingly
Have they made use of linking adverbs and adverbial phrases? clearly = evidently
in view of this = accordingly
on the face of it = ostensibly
Unit 6 Body matters 77
on the other hand = conversely
whatever the justification = right or
wrong
Subjective: not surprisingly, rightly
or wrongly, ostensibly
4b Point out that the phrases
used in the sentences are less
formal than the adverbs that
replace them.
anSWerS
1 Apparently
2 Interestingly
3 Specifically
4 Overall
5 Ultimately
6 Alternatively
Unit 6 Body matters 77
 6f Video 6f Palestinian free running
Video

Palestinian free
running
Videoscript
Narrator: The camps of Gaza are
rich with the performance arts of
the underprivileged. So its not
surprising that a sport that first
found expression in the poorer
suburbs of Paris, before spreading
to other urban settings such as
London and New York, should
catch on among the youth of the
Gaza Strip in Palestine.
Abed: My name is Abed Allah
Neshi, 22 years old from Khan
Younis in southern Gaza Strip.
Narrator: The beauty of parkour
is that you dont need any
equipment; you just improvise
with the environment around you.
Mohammed: [words translated]
I am Mohammed Jamal Jakeer,
21, from Khan Younis in southern
Gaza Strip. We practice a sport
called parkour, which means the
art of moving from one part
to another as fast and easy as
possible by using physical strength
and ability. This is the definition of
parkour that weve been practicing
for five years.
Narrator: With unemployment
The beauty of parkour is that you just improvise
around 40 percent, and 35 percent with the environment around you.
of the population living below the
poverty line, opportunities are 78
limited here. But there is no sense
of apathy among these youngsters
who are highly focused on staying
Narrator: Injuriessprains, broken Narrator: In addition to giving them
fit and active...and enjoy expressing
limbs, or worseare an ever-present a sense of personal achievement, parkour
themselves at the same time.
risk. Landing awkwardly on concrete is gives practitioners of this obviously
Abed: If I dont practice this sport a very different matter from landing on cool sport hope that they may one
I feel something away from me so a rubber practice mat. So one of the first day be asked to perform their art in
I cant leave it. I love it. It became lessons these parkour artists learn is how a competition, a movie, or even as
part of my life. to fall. professional stuntmen.
Mother: Im very proud of him. Mohammed: [words translated] At the
I encourage him and Im happy beginning, they opposed me a little bit,
for him, although he finds some because its dangerous and it requires
obstacles in this game. His tooth high abilities and skills. But after a
was broken, once he came to me period of time, I convinced them and
and his mouth was all like this and I convinced all the people around me
I was very sad. But now its fine. about this sport. I thank God that we
Here he is. Im proud of him and I have reached this very high level in this
encourage him and his friends. sport.

78
Before you watch
1 Work in pairs. Which sports (af) do people
sometimes play or do in the street? Which sports
do people mainly do in the street? Think of other
examples of each type.
a soccer
b volleyball
c skateboarding
d basketball
e roller blading
f climbing
2 Look at the photo and answer the questions.
1 What does the sport of parkour, or free
running, involve?
2 Who do you think it appeals to and why?
While you watch
3 Watch the video and check your answers from
Exercise 2.
4 Watch the first part of the video (to 01:45) and
choose the correct option.
1 Parkour is an example of a performance art that
is found in modern cities / poor urbanized areas.
2 Parkour originated in London / Paris.
3 Parkour is something you can do without any
equipment / any formal training.
4 The young men in the video took up parkour
because they were bored / to keep in shape.
5 Abed says without parkour he would feel out of
shape / wouldnt know what to do.
5 Watch the second part of the video (01:46 to end)
and complete the sentences using one word in
each space.
1 Abeds mother feels about her sons
involvement in parkour.
2 Common injuries include and broken
arms and legs.
3 In order to avoid injury, practitioners have to
learn how to . poverty line (n) /pvrti lan/ the minimum level of income
4 Mohammad feels that initially people were
the sport.
5 Its possible that this sport will one
day bring these young men wider recognition.
after you watch
7 Students work in pairs to act out
planning a sports campaign, according
to the instructions.
8 Students work in groups to discuss
the questions about sports.
6 Work in pairs. Complete the summary using the
correct verbs. Then watch the video again to check.
Since its creation in France, parkour has
1
around the world and recently
has 2 on in Palestine. Its a creative
sport, where participants 3 moves to Before you watch
negotiate obstacles in their environment. For the
underprivileged youth of Gaza, its a great way to 1 Students work in pairs. Ask
4
themselves and 5 in shape at them to look at the sports and say
the same time.
Parkour is a risky sport because you can easily
whether they are usually done
hurt yourself if you 6 awkwardly. But in the street, or only sometimes.
maybe one day these men might be asked to Check answers as a class.
7
on a bigger public stage.
2 Ask students to look at the
After you watch photo and say what they see, and
7 Roleplay planning a sports campaign then answer the questions. Accept
Work in pairs. any answers at this stage.
Imagine you want to promote sport as a way
for people in your city to get in shape and stay While you watch
healthy. You think the best way to do this is with
street sports. Look at these questions and then 3 Give students time to read the
plan a campaign. words in the glossary. Play the
What is the target age group or groups? video for students to check their
What kind of sport would most appeal to
them? answers from Exercise 2. Check
Where could they play or do this sport? answers as a class.
Are training, equipment, and funds needed?
Are there health and safety implications?
How could you encourage people to join in? anSWerS
Present your plan to another pair. Ask each other 1 Moving from place to place as
questions about the practicalities of each plan.
quickly and easily as possible
8 Work in groups and discuss the questions. 2 It appeals to young people because
1 Do you think sports like parkour should be it is exciting and good exercise.
regulated? Why?
2 What are the advantages (and disadvantages)
of street sports? 4 Give students time to read the
3 What sport would you nominate to be included
sentences. Then play the first part
in the next Olympic Games and why?
of the video (to 01:45) for them to
choose the correct options.
apathy (n) /pi/ a lack of interest; feeling unconcerned
and unmotivated
awkward (adj) /kwrd/ uncomfortable, clumsy 5 Give students time to read the
improvise (v) /mprvaz/ compose or perform something sentences; then play the second
without any preparation
part of the video (1:46 to end) for
needed to live them to write the missing words.
stunt man (n) /stnt mn/ a person who simulates
dangerous actions like falls and car chases in movies
underprivileged (adj) /ndrprvld/ lacking social
advantages; from a poor background anSWerS
1 proud
2 sprains
3 fall/land
Unit 6 Body matters 79
4 opposing
5 cool
6 Students work in pairs to read
and complete the summary. Play
the video again for them to check
their answers.
anSWerS
1 spread
2 caught
3 improvise
4 express
5 stay
6 land
7 perform
Unit 6 Body matters 79
 UnIT 6 REVIEW UNIT 6 Review Vocabulary
4 Complete the sentences with the correct
Grammar preposition.
1 If I am feeling run down , I get some rest.
Grammar 1 Complete the first part of the blog by putting the
verbs (16) in the correct form: infinitive, to +
2 I fast one day a week. On the face of it, it
doesnt sound like much, but I feel amazing.
1 Ask students to complete the infinitive, -ing form, or preposition + -ing form. 3 If I feel I am about to come down with a cold,
blog with the correct verb forms. I start taking lots of vitamin C.
4 A lot of athletes in their mid-thirties take up
yoga to prolong their careers.
anSWerS 5 Regular exercise keeps you in good shape.
6 Its difficult to set aside time for exercise, but
1 from working you just have to build it into your routine.
2 to become 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the statements in Exercise 4.
3 for thinking Which do you agree with?
4 to suffer I CAN
5 sitting talk about exercise and health
6 working use idioms and phrasal verbs

2 Ask students to read the blog Real life

Back pain is a common health problem which affects
and answer the questions. 80 percent of us at some time in our lives. It prevents
6 Look at the proposal to install gyms in the
people 1 (work), causes people
workplace. Complete the text with these words.
2
(become) depressed, and affects general
anSWer well-being.
admittedly grant head
out particularly through
People all around the world. Exercise You could be forgiven 3 (think) that lower
back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in
classes, medicine, and manipulation the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is
Workplace gyms are not a 1 original
can help. idea, Ill 2 you, but I think they could be
something that people around the world seem very popular with employees. I havent thought
4
(suffer) from, whether they spend all 3
all the details, but the basic idea is to
day 5 (sit) at a desk or 6 get people exercising during the workday.
(work) in the fields.
3 Ask students to replace the noun Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being
4
, this isnt going to be a cheap option
for companies. One possibility would be to
objects with pronouns. bipedal: walking upright on two feet. So, unless you offer companies a tax break on the investment
go in for regular posture training or have a resistant they make. Im just thinking off the top of my
physique, you will suffer from back pain at some point. 5
here. I havent worked 6
anSWerS What to do about it? You can look into exercise classes exactly the best way to help companies fund this.
that help to build core muscle strength, but they are
go in for it; look into them; turn it mainly a preventive measure. Some countries have 7 Work in pairs. Think of a health and fitness
around; put up with it developed cures, like Madagascar, where Baobab tree program to help teenagers follow a healthier
bark is used. But mostly treatment consists of months lifestyle. Present your proposal to another pair.
of painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner Use phrases to anticipate arguments.
Vocabulary can turn around the situation. It seems that for the
time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
I CAN
present and discuss a proposal
4 Students complete the sentences
with prepositions. 2 Read the rest of the blog. Who in the world suffers anticipate arguments and concede a point
from back pain? What can be done about it?
5 Students work in pairs 3 Look at the phrasal verbs in bold in the second half
Speaking
to discuss the statements in of the blog. Replace each noun object with a pronoun. 8 Work in groups. How are people in your country
Think carefully about the position of the pronoun. encouraged to stay in shape? Eat healthily?
Exercise 4. Discuss.
I CAN
use correct verb patterns (verb + -ing or infinitive)

real life use different kinds of phrasal verbs

6 Ask students to read and 80

complete the proposal.

anSWerS
Speaking
1 particularly
2 grant 8 Students work in groups to discuss
3 through health and exercise in their country.
4 Admittedly
5 head
6 out

7 Students work in pairs to

prepare and present their
proposal.

80