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| The faces and places of Research: When researchers address a problem or answer a
question throught disciplined research-regadless of the underlying paradigm-they are doing
a study (or an investigastion or research project) Studies with humans involve two sets of
people: ) those who do the research, 2) those who provide the information
2 | The people who provide information to
in a study are reffered
to as
in quantitative research or study
participants or
in qualitative research; collectively they comprise the
3 | Research can be undertaken in a variety of, (the specific places where informations
is gathered) and in one or more site Some studies take places in
, in
the field; at the other extreme, some studies are done in highly controlled laboratory
settings The is overall location for research; researchers sometimes
, are the more specific places where data collection will occur
Setting for nursing research can range from totally naturalistic environments to formal
laboratories
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D | Researchers investigate
which are abstraction or
mental representations inferred from behavior or characteristics For example, the terms
pain, spiritual, and resilience are all abstractions of particular aspects of human behavior
and characteristic
5 | Research may also use the term contruct As with a concept, a construct refers to an
abstraction or mental representation inferred form situations or behaviors
*
| Concepts are the building block of , which are systemic explenations of some aspect
of the real world In Quantitaive study, researchers often start with a theory or a conceptual
model and using deductitive reasoning, make predictions about how phenomena behave in
real world if theory were true
)
#
-
8 | Two Types of definition are relevantin a study conceptual and operational A
describes the abstract or theoretical meaning of the concepts being studied An
#
specifies the procedures required to measure a variable A
describes the abstract or theoretical meaning of the concepts being
studied An #
specifies the procedures required to measure a variable
-
./| -
- the informant collected during the course of a study ʹ may take the form of
"
or
"
/
c
01/|A c
is bond or connection (a pattern of association) between two variable
Quantitative researchers examine the relationships between the independent variables and
dependent variables When the independent variable causes or effects the dependent
variable, the relationshios is a
In a
variable are related in noncausal way
2,
-
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; (7) Communicating the findings: Another and often final
task of research project, therefore, is the preparation of a research report that can be share
with others (8) Efforts to promote the use of the study evidence in nursing practice: Ideally,
the concluding step of a high qualility study is to plan for its use in practice settings
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| Formulating and delimiting the problem
2| Reviewing the related literature
%5',$05$
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$%,%5',$ 3| ndertaking clinical fieldwork
D| Defining the framework/ developing
conceptual definitions
5 | Formulating hypotheses
| Selecting a research design
%5',$65$,(7'-%+'(7 7 | Developing intervention protocols
%5',$ 8 | Identifying the population
9 | Designing the sampling plan
|Specifying methods to measure research
variables
|Developing methods to safeguard subjects
2 |Finalizing the research plan
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'+%5',$ 3 |Collecting the data
D |Preparing the data analysis
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%5',$ 5 |Analyzing the data
|Interpreting the result
%5',$95$-$,,$*('(# 7 |Communicating the findings
%5',$ 8 |tilizing the findings in practice