Glossary of Editing FCP7

Glossary of Editing FCP7
2:2:2:4 pull-downAn efficient but low-quality pull-down method, primarily

useful for previewing the output of real-time effects on an NTSC monitor. See
also pull-down insertion, pull-down pattern.
2:3:2:3 pull-downThe most commonly supported pull-down pattern for NTSC
devices. This option is ideal for recording to an NTSC device such as a standard
definition television, an MPEG-2 encoding device, or a high-end finishing
system. See also pull-down insertion, pull-down pattern.
2:3:3:2 pull-downThe pull-down pattern used by DV devices that support
advanced pull-down. See also pull-down insertion, pull-down pattern.
3:2 pull-downSee 2:3:2:3 pull-down.
4:3The aspect ratio for broadcast video. The ratio of the width to the height of
the visible area of the video frame, also called the picture aspect ratio, is 4:3, or
1.33.
8-bit precisionFor video, a bit depth at which color is sampled. 8-bit color is
common with DV and other standard definition digital formats. Some high
definition acquisition formats are also recorded with 8-bit precision.
10-bit resolutionFor video, a bit depth at which color is sampled. Certain
standard and high definition video capture interfaces are capable of
uncompressed, 10-bit capture.
16:9A widescreen aspect ratio for video. The ratio of the width to the height of
the visible area of the video frame, also called the picture aspect ratio, is 16:9,
or 1.78. The 16:9 aspect ratio is used for high definition video.
16-bit resolutionA standard bit depth for digital audio recording and
playback.
16mmA film format for film and television presentations that has a 4:3 aspect
ratio.
24 @ 25 pull-downA pull-down pattern used in FinalCutPro when 24fps
media is sent to a 25fps video output. In this pattern, 12 progressive frames
are displayed, followed by 13 reinterlaced frames.
24 @ 25 repeatA pull-down pattern used in FinalCutPro when 24fps media
is sent to a 25fps video output. In this pattern, 24 progressive frames are
played, and the 25th frame is the 24th frame repeated.
24-bit resolutionA bit depth used for high-quality audio playback.
32-bit floating point resolutionAn extremely high-resolution bit depth used
for lossless computation of audio or video data.
35mmA standard motion picture film format. This may be cropped during
projection to create widescreen aspect ratios such as 1.66 or 1.85, or filmed
and projected anamorphically for an aspect ratio of 2.40.
65mmA film format for shooting widescreen presentations. This format is
usually printed with a soundtrack onto 70mm film.
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70mmA film format for widescreen projections that has a 2.2:1 aspect ratio.
180-degree ruleWhen a new camera angle is more than 180degrees different
from the previous camera angle, a shot with two people will appear to reverse
positions onscreen. When editing a scene with two people talking, its
important not to cut to a shot that crosses the 180-degree line that connects
them.
action safe areaThe action safe area is 90 percent of the image area. Most of
the time, anything in your video image thats outside of this area wont be
displayed on a television screen, so any important material needs to be framed
within the action safe area. See also overscan, title safe area.
Adjust Line Segment pointerA cross-shaped pointer that appears in the
Timeline and Viewer when you move the pointer over a line that can be
adjusted, such as a line segment between keyframes. The pointer has small
arrows pointing up and down, indicating the directions in which a line can be
moved.
advanced pull-downSee 2:3:3:2 pull-down.
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)A cross-platform audio file format
developed by Apple, based on Electronic Arts IFF (Interchange File Format). Like
WAVE files, AIFF files contain chunks of information such as the Sound Data
Chunk, which contains the actual sample data, and the Common Chunk, which
contains sample rate and bit depth information. An extension of the AIFF
format, called AIFC, can store compressed audio data.
alignmentWhen working with transitions, refers to whether the transition
starts before the edit point, is centered at the edit point, or ends after the edit
point.
alpha channelAn image channel in addition to the R, G, and B color channels
that is used to store transparency information for compositing. Alpha channels
are often 8-bit, but some applications support 16-bit alpha channels. In
FinalCutPro, black represents 100 percent transparency, and white represents
100 percent opacity. Only certain formats, such as Targa, TIFF, PICT, and the
QuickTime Animation codec, support alpha channels.
ambienceA type of sound. Ambient audio includes background room noise,
traffic noise, and atmospheric sound effects.
analogA signal that consists of a constantly varying voltage level, called a
waveform, that represents video and audio information. Analog signals must be
digitized, or captured, for use by FinalCutPro. VHS and Betacam SP are both
analog tape formats. See also digital.
anamorphicVisuals that are shot in a widescreen format and then squeezed
into a 4:3frame size. This can be done by using a video cameras electronics or
it can be done optically, by using an anamorphic lens.
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anchor itemWhen you first link multiple audio clip items to a video item in the
Timeline, that video item is considered the anchor item to which the sync of
all other linked audio items is compared. If youre linking a group of audio
items without a video item, the topmost audio item that appears in the Timeline
acts as the anchor item.
anchor pointIn the Motion tab, the point that is used to center changes to a
clips geometry when using motion effects. Any changes to the size, position,
and rotation of a clip happen relative to this anchor point. A clips anchor point
does not have to be at its center.
Angle controlA control used to rotate a clip around its center axis without
changing its shape. Located in the Motion tab of the Viewer. In the Angle
control, the black hand indicates the current angle of the clip, and the small red
hand indicates how many total rotations forward or backward have been
specified.
A-only edit An edit of the audio files or video files of the base track only.
A-roll editAn edit of clips that contain audio data from the base track or a
narration.
aspect ratioA film or video frames width-to-height ratio on any viewing
screen. The most common aspect ratio is 4:3, used for regular television
screens. An aspect ratio of 16:9 is increasingly used for high definition video.
See also 16:9, 4:3.
assemble edit modeIn linear systems, assemble edit mode lays down new
video, audio, and control tracks all at once. It usually requires anywhere from 3
to 5seconds of pre-roll before you edit to tape. In FinalCutPro, assemble edit
mode is a function that writes the sequence or clip to tape at the designated In
point, or at the current point. Assemble edit mode usually breaks the timecode
and control track at the end of the edit.
attenuateTo lower an audio signals level.
audio channel indicatorAn icon in the Edit to Tape window that indicates
which audio tracks are being output.
audio clipA media clip containing audio tracks.
audio meterA meter that lets you monitor audio output levels from your
computer. You use the audio meters in FinalCutPro when you capture, mix,
and output your program.
Audio MixerA tab in the Tool Bench window. The Audio Mixer is the primary
tool in FinalCutPro for mixing multiple channels of a programs audio in real
time.
audio trackA track in the Timeline into which you can edit audio clip items.
Audio UnitsThe standard real-time audio filter format for audio applications
used with MacOSX.
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Auto RenderA feature that allows FinalCutPro to render open sequences

whenever a specified number of idle minutes have passed.
average loudness The average audio level in decibels. Determines the
apparent volume of an audio signal to a listener.
averaging meterA meter that displays the average audio level. Unlike peak
meters, which always show the exact level of an audio signal including every
peak, averaging meters have weighted ballistics so that they give a more readily
apparent representation of the average loudness of an audio signal.
AVI (Audio-Video Interleaved)Microsofts older standard format for digital
video.
axisThe pitch, roll, and yaw of a camera shot determines its axis. In an edited
sequence, the axis can be used to determine visual continuity from shot to
shot.
back lightA light source that comes from behind and above the subject. It
outlines the subject and differentiates it from the background. Also called a rim
light.
batch captureA process in which previously logged clips media is captured
from a VTR or camcorder to your hard disk. Remote device control is used to
automatically cue source tapes to the timecode location of each clip.
batch compressionA process in which multiple clips or sequences are
automatically compressed to new media files, so you dont have to compress
each file individually.
batch listA tab-delimited text file that contains information about offline clips
that you want to capture and use in your project. Batch lists can be exported
from or imported into your FinalCutPro project file. After you import a batch
capture list into FinalCutPro, your project contains a series of offline clips, one
for each entry in the batch capture list. You then need to recapture or reconnect
the clips to their media.
batch recaptureA process in which you recapture, at a higher resolution, the
parts of logged clips that you actually use in your sequences. Batch recapturing
helps to conserve disk space.
Betacam SPA high-end, standard definition component analog video format
that supports four tracks of analog audio.
Betacam SXA standard definition, 8-bit digital videotape recorder format with
4:2:2 color sampling and 10:1 video compression using MPEG-2 compression.
Supports four tracks of audio with 16-bit, 48kHz audio sampling.
Bezier curveIn its simplest form, a line defined by two end points and two
associated control points, or handles. Pulling the control points adjusts the
line into a curve. Named after Pierre Bezier, who discovered the mathematical
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formula for these curves. In FinalCutPro, Bezier curves are used to adjust
keyframed effects and to create curves in motion paths.
Bezier handlesControls that let you modify the curve of a line segment
between a handle and the next point on either side of it. The farther a handle is
dragged from its vertex point, the more it bends or curves the line segment.
Used for smoothing keyframes.
binA container (or folder) inside the Browser that can contain clips, sequences,
transitions, effects, and generators. You use bins to organize these elements,
sort them, add comments, rename items, and so on.
black levelAn analog video signals voltage level for the color black,
represented by IRE units. Absolute black, or setup, is represented by 7.5 IRE for
NTSC in the United States and 0 IRE for NTSC in Japan and for PAL.
blue or green screeningA special effects technique that allows you to derive
an alpha channel or matte from the blue or green background of a video clip in
order to make it transparent for purposes of compositing against other clips.
Blue-screen technology is what makes weather forecasters appear to be
standing against an animated map, when in reality theyre standing in front of a
blue wall. Also known as chroma keying. See also keying.
boostingThe act of raising an audio level.
boundaryRefers to either the In or Out point of a clip in the Timeline.
broadcastRefers to signals intended for delivery on television, as well as
network delivery to a wide audience. Broadcasters may have strict guidelines for
the signal quality of programs for broadcast. Broadcast quality is a phrase often
used when referring to these guidelines.
broadcast legalBroadcast facilities have limits on the maximum values of luma
and chroma that are allowable for broadcast. If a video exceeds these limits,
distortion can appear, resulting in unacceptable transmission quality. You can
use the FinalCutPro video scopes and range-checking options to make sure
that the luma and chroma levels you set stay legal.
B-rollA term used to describe alternate footage shot to intercut with the
primary shots used in a program. B-roll is frequently used for cutaway shots.
BrowserThe central storage area in FinalCutPro, where you organize all of the
source material used in your project. The Browser lists all elementsvideo and
audio clips, graphics clips, and sequencesin a project. Each project is
represented by a tab that contains that projects file. You can further organize
your media clips within a project using bins, which are similar to folders.
BWF (Broadcast Wave Format)An extension of the WAVE file format that
includes additional metadata such as timecode and production information.
calibrateTo adjust a feature for accuracy.
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CanvasIn FinalCutPro, the Canvas is the equivalent of a record monitor in a

tape-to-tape editing system. It works with the Timeline, displaying the frame at
the position of the playhead in the Timeline and showing what your edited
sequence looks like when it is played. Changes you make to a sequence in the
Timeline are seen when you play back that sequence in the Canvas. If you
modify clips in the Canvas, the changes are stored with the clips in the
Timeline. You can also use the Canvas to perform edits.
capturingThe process of moving NTSC or PAL video or audio from tape to a
digital format for use by FinalCutPro. An older term for capturing is digitizing.
Captured video clips appear on the specified scratch disk as a series of
QuickTime movie files. See also digitize.
center pointDefines a clips location in the x and y coordinate space in the
Motion tab of the Canvas.
CGAbbreviation for Character Generator. A specialized hardware device used
for creating titles.
channel 1Typically the left audio channel in a stereo recording.
channel 2Typically the right audio channel in a stereo recording.
channelsWhen used to describe video, can refer to color channels or alpha
channels. Color and transparency information for video and graphics clips is
divided into individual channels. Each individual color channel represents one of
the three individual primary colors that are combined to represent the final
image. Each channel has a bit depth; most graphics and video files have 8bits
per channel, meaning that there are 256 levels of color or transparency for each
channel.
chip chartA grayscale or color chart that is placed next to the slate at the
beginning of every shot. During post-production, the chip chart can be used to
correct each shot so that the whites, blacks, and colors can be perfectly
reproduced during editing.
chromaThe color information contained in a video signal, consisting of hue
(phase angle), which represents the color itself, and saturation (amplitude of
the color subcarrier), which represents the intensity of the color.
chroma keyingSee blue or green screening.
clipAn item in a FinalCutPro project representing video, audio, or graphics
media files on disk.
clippingDistortion occurring during the playback or recording of digital audio
because of a signal that exceeds the maximum sample value of 0 dBFS.
CMYKAbbreviation for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black. The color space
commonly used for images that are printed with four-color ink on offset
presses.
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codecShort for compressor/decompressor, or encode/decode. A software

component used to translate video or audio from its analog uncompressed
form to the digital compressed form in which it is stored on a computers hard
disk. DV, Photo, JPEG, and Sorenson Video are common QuickTime video
codecs. Also referred to as a compressor.
color balanceRefers to the mix of red, green, and blue in a clip. In
FinalCutPro, you can adjust the color balance of the highlights (bright areas),
midtones, or shadows (dark areas) of your clip using the Color Corrector 3-way
filter.
color barsA standard color test signal displayed as columns, often
accompanied by a reference audio tone. Color bars are used to adjust the video
signal of the incoming source tape to maintain proper color from tape to
computer and through to output. Color bars are also output to a master tape so
that accurate duplicates (dubs) of the tape can be made.
color correctionA process in which the color of clips used in an edited
program is evened out so that all shots in a given scene match. Color correction
is generally one of the last steps in finishing an edited program. The color
correction tools in FinalCutPro give you precise control over the look of every
clip in your project by allowing you to adjust the color balance, black levels,
midtones, and white levels of individual clips.
color depthThe possible range of colors that can be used in a movie or image.
There are generally four choices with computer graphics8-bit (grayscale), 16-
bit, and 24-bit (millions of colors). Higher color depths provide a wider range of
colors but require more space for a given image size. Broadcast video is
generally 24-bit, with 8bits of color information per channel. See also
channels.
coloristA professional who performs color correction. The colorist, in
consultation with the cinematographer, director, or producer, works shot by
shot to determine the look of each clip according to the needs of the project.
component videoA type of analog video signal in which the luma and chroma
signals are recorded separately for better video quality. Professional video
equipment, such as a Betacam SP deck, uses component YCBCR (also called
component YUV) video inputs and outputs. Another form of component video,
component RGB, is not as widespread on video gear as component YCBCR.
composite videoAn analog video signal that combines all chroma and luma
information into a single waveform running through a single cable. This can
result in analog artifacts, affecting the quality of the video signal. Nearly all
video equipment has composite inputs and outputs.
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compositingA process in which two or more images are combined into a

single frame. This term can also describe the process of creating various video
effects.
compressionThe process by which video, graphics, and audio files are reduced
in size. Lossy compression refers to a process of reducing video file sizes
through the removal of redundant or less noticeable image data. Lossless
compression reduces file sizes by mathematically consolidating redundant
image data without discarding it. See also codec.
contrastThe difference between the lightest and darkest values in an image.
High-contrast images have a large range of values from the darkest shadow to
the lightest highlight. Low-contrast images have a more narrow range of
values, resulting in a flatter look.
coverageA series of medium shots and close-ups, taken after the master shot,
all of which cover the same material in the script. Used when shooting a scene
with continuity. These shots are called coverage because theyre often used to
cover different edits made in the scene.
cropTo mask a specified amount from the total frame size of an image. You
can crop the top, left, right, and bottom of an image independently.
cutAn edit in which one clip immediately follows another, with no transition
effect. This is the simplest type of edit.
cutaway shotA shot that is related to the current subject and occurs in the
same time frame. For example, an interviewers reaction to what is being said in
an interview is a cutaway shot. Often, a cutaway shot is used to eliminate an
unwanted visual section of another shot. The audio usually remains continuous,
helping to make the cutaway less noticeable.
D1A standard definition digital videotape recorder format that records an 8-
bit, uncompressed component video signal with 4:2:2 color sampling. Recorded
using 19mm tape. Supports four tracks of audio.
bit, uncompressed composite video signal with 4Fsc color sampling. Recorded
using 19mm tape. Supports four tracks of audio.
bit, uncompressed composite video signal with 4Fsc color sampling. Recorded
using 1/2-inch tape. Supports four tracks of audio.
D5 A standard definition digital videotape recorder format that records a 10-
bit, uncompressed component video signal with 4:2:2 color sampling. Recorded
using 1/2-inch tape. Supports four tracks of audio.
D9Also known as Digital-S. A standard definition digital videotape recorder
format that records an 8-bit, 3.3:1 DCT-compressed component video signal
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with 4:2:2 color sampling. Recorded using 1/2-inch tape. Supports four tracks
of audio.
data rateThe speed at which data can be transferred, often described in
megabytes per second (MB/sec.) or megabits per second (Mbps). The higher a
video files data rate, the higher quality it is, but the more system resources
(processor speed, hard disk space, and performance) it requires. Some codecs
allow you to specify a maximum data rate for a movie during capture.
DAW (Digital Audio Workstation)A digital editing and recording device or
software application used for editing multitrack audio for music or audio post-
production.
decibel (dB)Unit of measurement for sound levels; a logarithmic scale used to
describe the loudness of sound as perceived by the human ear. (1dB
corresponds to approximately the smallest volume change that the average
human ear can perceive.) For digital audio, dBFS is the standard decibel unit of
sound level measurement. See also digital full scale.
decompressionThe process of creating a viewable image for playback from a
compressed video, graphics, or audio file. See also compression.
desaturateTo remove color from an image. 100 percent desaturation results in
a grayscale image.
destination trackThe track a particular source item is edited into in the
Timeline, as defined by the Source and Destination controls in the Timeline
patch panel.
destination track controlsSource and Destination controls in Timeline tracks
that allow you to specify which tracks source clip items are edited into in the
Timeline.
device controlTechnology that allows FinalCutPro to control an external
hardware device, such as a video deck or camera. Three protocols are used
most frequently to control video devices: serial device control via the RS-422
and RS-232 protocols, and FireWire for DV camcorders and decks.
dialogueThe recorded audio of one or more people speaking in a video clip.
The designated dialogue track in an editing project is likely to include most of
the location audio that was captured along with the video.
digitalA description of data that is stored or transmitted as a sequence of 1s
and 0s. Most commonly, refers to binary data represented using electronic or
electromagnetic signals. QuickTime movie files are digital. See also analog.
Digital-8A standard definition consumer digital video format that records a
DV video signal onto Hi-8-style tapes.
Digital BetacamA standard definition digital videotape recorder format with
approximately 2:1 video data compression and 4:2:2 color sampling. Supports
four tracks of audio with 20-bit, 48kHz audio sampling.
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digital full scaleThe full audio signal range that can be recorded digitally
without distortion.
Digital-SSee D9.
digital videoVideo that can be captured, manipulated, and stored using a
digital format, such as QuickTime. A digital video camcorder, for example, is a
video camera that records images digitally on a medium such as tape. Because
the signal is digital, it can be easily transferred to your computer.
digitizeTo convert an analog video signal to a digital video format. A method
of capturing video. See also capturing.
disabled trackA track that has been disabled using the Track Visibility control.
Disabled tracks are not output to tape or rendered into a QuickTime file for
output.
disclosure triangleA small triangle you click to show or hide details in the
interface.
distortTo change the shape of a clip by moving a corner point independently
of the other corner points. Also, to squeeze a clip horizontally or vertically to
change the ratio of its width to its height (the aspect ratio).
downmixingThe process used to combine multiple audio channels into a
single stereo (or dual mono) pair. Also referred to as mixing down.
drop frame timecodeNTSC timecode that skips ahead in time by two frame
numbers each minute, except every tenth minute, so that the timecode agrees
with the actual elapsed clock time. (Timecode numbers are skipped, but actual
video frames are not skipped.) This skipping corrects for NTSCs actual frame
rate of 29.97fps. It corrects for an inaccuracy of 3seconds and 18frames per
hour in comparison to actual elapsed time when non-drop frame timecode is
used. To avoid confusion, drop frame timecode should be avoided in film-
based productions. See also non-drop frame timecode.
drop shadowAn effect that creates an artificial shadow behind an image.
Typically used with graphics and text.
dual system recordingA recording process in which video is captured on one
recording device and audio is recorded on another. Dual system audio must be
synchronized onto the source videotapes prior to capture, or synced with the
video in FinalCutPro.
duplicate frames indicatorColored bar that appears at the bottom of a clips
video item in the Timeline, indicating that frames are duplicated elsewhere in
the sequence. Useful for editing film, where duplicate frames can cause
complications during the final negative cut.
durationA clips duration is the length of time between the clips In and Out
points.
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DVA standard definition digital videotape recorder format that records an 8-

bit, 5:1 compressed component video signal with 4:1:1 color sampling (PAL
uses 4:2:0). Recorded using 1/4-inch tape. Supports two tracks of audio with
16-bit, 48kHz audio sampling, or four tracks of audio with 12-bit, 32kHz
audio sampling.
DVCAMA standard definition digital videotape recorder format that records an
8-bit, 5:1 compressed component video signal with 4:1:1 color sampling (PAL
16-bit, 48kHz audio sampling, or four tracks of audio with 12-bit, 32kHz
audio sampling.
DVCPROA standard definition digital videotape recorder format that records an
8-bit, 5:1 compressed component video signal using 4:1:1 color sampling (PAL
16-bit, 48kHz audio sampling.
DVCPRO 50A standard definition digital videotape recorder format that
records an 8-bit, 3.3:1 compressed component video signal with 4:2:2 color
sampling. Recorded using 1/4-inch tape. Supports four tracks of audio with
16-bit, 48kHz audio sampling.
DVCPRO HDA high definition video format that records an 8-bit, compressed
component video signal with 4:2:2 color sampling. Both 720p and 1080i are
supported. Includes up to eight tracks of audio with 16-bit, 48kHz audio
sampling. Recorded using 1/4-inch tape. The total data rate is 115Mbps.
DVDA disc that is the size of a CD but that uses higher-density storage
methods to significantly increase its capacity. Although usually used for video
distribution, DVD-ROM discs can also be used to store computer data.
dynamic rangeThe difference, in decibels, between the loudest and softest
parts of a recording.
editingThe process of combining and arranging audio, video, effects,
transitions, and graphics in a sequence to produce a program.
edit point(1) Defines what part of a clip you want to use in an edited sequence.
Edit points include In points, which specify the beginning of a section of a clip
or sequence, and Out points, which specify the end of a section of a clip or
sequence. (2) The point in the Timeline in an edited sequence where the Out
point of one clip meets the In point of the next clip. This edit point can be
selected for various operations.
Edit to TapeIn FinalCutPro, the Edit to Tape command lets you perform
frame-accurate insert and assemble edits to tape.
EDL (Edit Decision List)A text file that uses the source timecode of clips to
sequentially list all of the edits that make up a sequence. EDLs are used to
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move a project from one editing application to another, or to coordinate the

assembly of a program in a tape-based online editing facility.
effectsA general term used to describe all of the FinalCutPro capabilities that
go beyond cuts-only editing. See also filters, generators, transitions.
exposureThe amount of light in video or film images. Exposure affects the
overall brightness of the image as well as its perceived contrast.
extend editAn edit in which the edit point is moved to the position of the
playhead in the Timeline. It allows you to move an edit point between two clips
quickly. An extend edit overwrites any clips that come between the selected edit
point and the playhead. It does not affect the overall duration of a sequence.
eyeline matchDuring the intercutting of shots, refers to cutting from a clip of
a person looking at something to a clip containing the object that is being
looked at.
fadersIn the Audio Mixer, vertical sliders used to adjust the audio levels of
clips at the position of the playhead. Using the fader, you can adjust the audio
level of a clip on a smooth logarithmic scale ranging from +12dB to dB
(otherwise known as silence).
favoriteA customized effect that is used frequently. You can create favorites
from most of the effects in FinalCutPro.
fieldHalf of an interlaced video frame, consisting of the odd or the even scan
lines. Alternating video fields are drawn every 1/60 of a second in NTSC video
to create the perceived 30fps video. There are two fields for every frame, an
upper field and a lower field.
filtersEffects you can apply to video or audio clip items. Filters affect the visual
or aural quality of the clip to which theyre applied. For example, a video filter
might change the colors of your image, and an audio filter might add some
reverberance, making actors sound as if theyre in a huge space. In addition to
using the filters that come with FinalCutPro, you can use third-party filters.
finishingThe process of reassembling the clips used in the final edit of a
program at their highest quality. Finishing may involve recapturing offline-
resolution clips at full resolution, rerendering effects, and then outputting the
final program to tape. Finishing may also involve extra steps that were not
taken in the offline edit, such as color correction.
finishing on tapeThe process of using the EDL from an offline edit to
reassemble a sequence from the original source tapes in an online tape-to-tape
editing suite.
FireWireThe trademarked Apple name for the IEEE 1394 standard. A fast and
versatile interface used to connect DV camcorders to computers. FireWire is
well suited to applications that move large amounts of data, and it can also be
used to connect hard disks, scanners, and other kinds of computer peripherals.
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fit to fill editAn edit in which a clips speed is adjusted to fit a specified
duration in a sequence.
flesh toneA special marker in the FinalCutPro Vectorscope that indicates an
area of appropriate range for all shades of skin color. When calibrating a tapes
color in preparation for capture or when using one of the color corrector tapes,
the flesh tone marker can be used as a guide for adjusting the hue in order to
make sure the skin tones look correct.
frameA single still image. Film and video are made up of a series of these
images. Although a film frame is a single photographic image, an interlaced
video frame contains two fields.
frame blendingA process of visually averaging frames together over time to
create smoother motion. This is often useful when playing back clips in slow
motion, to smooth otherwise jerky motion.
frequencyThe number of times a sound or signal vibrates each second,
measured in cycles per second, or hertz (Hz). Audio recordings are made up of
a vast collection of waveforms, using many different frequencies of sound. Each
frequency in a recording is associated with an audio pitch. For example, the
note generated by each key of a piano has a specific frequency.
gainThe amount an audio or video signal is boosted. In video, this increases
the white level; in audio, this increases the volume.
gammaA curve that describes how the middle tones of an image appear.
Gamma is a nonlinear function often confused with brightness or contrast.
Changing the value of the gamma affects middle tones while leaving the whites
and blacks of the image unaltered. Gamma adjustment is often used to
compensate for differences between Mac and Windows video graphics cards
and displays.
gangedThe behavior of the playheads in the Viewer and Canvas when theyre
locked together, so that they move as one.
gapsLocations in a sequence where there is no media on any track. When
output to video, gaps in an edited sequence appear as black sections.
gear downTo slow down a mouse operation and make it more precise by
holding down the Command key while dragging an item or control. This can be
helpful when dragging clips if, for example, the Timeline is zoomed out so that
clips look small. Its also useful to gear down if you want to make very small
changes to an edit point, a keyframe parameter, or a volume level.
generatorsClips that are synthesized by FinalCutPro. Generators can be used
as different kinds of backgrounds, titles, and elements for visual design.
handlesExtra footage beyond a clips In and Out points. Handles are useful if
you want to add a few more frames to account for dissolves or additional
trimming.
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Hand toolThe Hand tool is used to scroll left or right in the Timeline by
dragging.
HDCAMA high definition digital videotape recorder format that records an 8-
bit, 7.1:1 DCT-compressed component video signal with 3:1:1 color sampling.
Recorded using 1/2-inch tape. Supports four tracks of audio.
HDVAn MPEG-2based high definition video format that is recorded on a DV
cassette tape. HDV supports both 720p and 1080i and uses interframe (or
long-GOP MPEG-2) compression. Depending on the format, HDV has a data rate
of 19Mbps or 25Mbps.
head clipThe clip that begins a sequence.
headroomThe available range in decibels (dB) that falls in between the
reference level that is used to denote the average loudness of a mix and 0 dBFS.
If you mix your project with the reference level set to 12 dBFS, you have 12dB
of headroom available before the signal is clipped. If the audio in a sequence
has a wide dynamic range, you set the reference level low enough to create
enough headroom so that no part of the signal goes above 0 dBFS.
Hi-8An analog videotape format. Introduced as a higher-quality version of
8mm. See also Digital-8.
HistogramA video scope in FinalCutPro that displays the relative strength of
all luma values in a video frame, from black to super-white. It is useful for
comparing two clips in order to match their brightness values more closely.
hueAn attribute of color perception, also known as color phase. Red, blue,
yellow, and green are all hues.
image sequenceA movie exported as a series of numbered image files, stored
in a folder. Each image file contains one frame of video. Image sequences are
typically used for exchanging files among film compositing workstations.
Common image sequence file formats include Targa, TIFF, IFF, DPX, and
OpenEXR.
importingThe process of bringing files of various types into a project in
FinalCutPro. Imported files can be created in another application, captured
from another device, or brought in from another FinalCutPro project.
IMXA standard definition, all-I-frame MPEG-2 format stored on tape, optical
disc, or disk drive. Some IMX decks can play back and convert formats such as
Digital Betacam, Betacam SX, and Betacam SP to IMX. The data rate of IMX can
be set to 30, 40, or 50Mbps.
incoming clipThe clip to which a transition segues. For example, if Clip A
dissolves to Clip B, Clip B is the incoming clip.
ingestingThe process of bringing media into a video system for editing.
Ingesting includes capturing tape-based media, transferring file-based media,
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and importing media files stored on disk. See also capturing, importing,
transferring.
In pointThe edit point that specifies the first frame of a clip to be edited into a
sequence.
insert editAn edit in which a clip item is added to a track in the Timeline at a
specified point, moving clips (or parts of clips) after that point to the right. An
insert edit does not replace existing material.
interlaced videoA scanning method that divides a video frame into two fields,
each consisting of alternating odd and even lines that are scanned at different
times.
IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers)Also refers to an analog video signal unit of
measurement for luma, established by the Institute of Radio Engineers.
ITUAbbreviation for International Telecommunications Union.
J-cutSee split edit.
jogTo move forward or backward through video or audio one frame at a time.
jog controlA control at the bottom of the Viewer, Canvas, and Log and Capture
window that allows you to move forward or backward through audio or video as
slowly as one frame at a time. Useful for carefully locating a specific frame.
JPEGA popular image file format that lets you create highly compressed
graphics files. The amount of compression used can be varied. Less
compression results in a higher-quality image.
jump cutA cut in which an abrupt visual change occurs between two shots,
with no continuity from one to the other.
keyframeA special-purpose control that denotes a change in value in a filter or
motion parameter. When two keyframes with different values are set in
FinalCutPro, a transition from one value to another is calculated, resulting in a
dynamic change to that parameter. For example, two center point keyframes
with different values result in animated motion for that clip.
keyframe graphLocated in the Control and Filters tabs of the Viewer, the
keyframe graph displays all keyframes and parameter values of a clips motion
and filter attributes.
keyingA technique used to eliminate specific background areas of video in
order to isolate and composite specific foreground elements against a different
background. See also blue or green screening, luma key.
labelsTerms such as Best Take and Interview that appear in the Label
column of the Browser. You can assign labels to clips and media to help
distinguish and sort them. Each label has an associated color that is also
applied to clips.
layoutRefers to the size and location of windows in FinalCutPro. FinalCutPro
comes with a selection of predefined layouts, and you can create and save
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custom layouts. Choose a layout that maximizes your screen space in the best
way for your source material, editing focus, screen resolution, and monitor
type.
L-cutSee split edit.
lift editAn edit in which one or more items are deleted and a gap appears
where the deleted items existed. Does not affect other clips in the sequence.
linear editingA video editing style in which a program is edited together by
copying shots from the original source tapes to a master tape, one by one.
Because the assembly is linear, any changes in duration made to an earlier
point of the tape require reassembling the movie from that point forward. See
also nonlinear editing.
linkTo connect video and audio clip items in the Timeline so that when one
item is selected, moved, or trimmed, all other items linked to it are affected.
linked clipA clip item that is connected to one or more other clip items, so
that when you select it you also select the associated clips. You link clip items
to keep them in sync with one another.
linked selectionAn option in the Timeline that, when turned on, selects all clip
items linked to the item you select. When linked selection is turned off, linked
items are not selected and edited as if they are linked, but the items remain
linked together.
Linked Selection buttonA button in the upper-right corner of the Timeline
that turns the linked selection option on and off.
link indicatorsIn the Timeline, lines under clip names that indicate that the
clips are linked.
locked trackA track whose contents cannot be moved or changed. In the
Timeline, a locked track is distinguished by crosshatched lines across the track.
You can lock or unlock tracks at any time by clicking the Lock Track control in
the Timeline.
Lock Track controlThe lock icon, near the beginning of tracks in the Timeline,
that you click to lock and unlock tracks. See also locked track.
log and captureIn FinalCutPro, the process of logging the clips you want to
capture and then using device control to automatically capture them in the Log
and Capture window.
Log and Capture windowIn FinalCutPro, the window used to log tape-based
media and capture it for editing.
Log and Transfer windowIn FinalCutPro, the window used to log file-based
media and transfer it to your editing system.
loggingThe process of entering detailed information about the clips that you
want to use from your source media, in preparation for ingest.
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logging binIn FinalCutPro, the specified bin where all clips that are logged or
ingested using the Log and Capture window or the Log and Transfer window
are stored.
loopingA playback mode in which clips and sequences go back to the
beginning whenever the playhead reaches the end of the media. The Loop
Playback command is in the View menu.
LTCStands for longitudinal timecode. A method of writing timecode to a
dedicated timecode or audio track of an audio or video recorder. Compare with
VITC.
lumaA value describing the brightness of a video image. A luma channel is a
grayscale image showing the range of brightness across the whole clip.
luma keyA filter used to key out pixels of a certain luma value (or a range of
luma values), creating a matte based on the brightest or darkest area of an
image. Keying out luma values works best when your clip has a large
discrepancy in exposure between the areas that you want to key out and the
foreground images you want to preserve, such as a white title on a black
background. See also keying, matte.
markersIn FinalCutPro, points of reference in clips and sequences. Markers
can be placed directly in clips, or they can be placed in sequences in the
Timeline ruler.
maskAn image or clip used to define areas of transparency in another clip.
Similar to an alpha channel.
master clipA clip that controls the relationship to a media file for all the clips
affiliate clips in your project.
Mastering modeIn FinalCutPro, a mode in the Edit to Tape window that lets
you output additional elements such as color bars and tone, a slate, and a
countdown when you output your program to tape.
master shotA wide-angle shot that encompasses the entire scene.
Traditionally, this is the first shot that is taken for a scene and is the shot used
as the basis for that scene when editing.
master tapeThe final tape that contains a finished program at its highest
quality. Master tapes should be suitable for duplication, broadcast, and
archiving.
match frame commandsThe match frame commands in FinalCutPro allow
you to quickly open a copy of a clip at the same frame.
match-on-actionA cut from one shot to another with similar action in the
frame; for example, cutting from a shot of a woman opening the door outside
an apartment to a shot from the interior of the apartment of the door opening
and the woman walking in.
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matteSometimes referred to as a holdout matte. An effect that uses

information in one layer of video to affect another layer. Mattes are useful when
you want to use one clip to selectively hide or reveal part of another; for
example, to reveal parts of a video layer by a round spotlight shape. Matte
filters can be used by themselves to mask out areas of a clip or to create alpha
channel information for a clip in order to make a transparent border around the
clip that can be composited against other layers.
mediaA generic term for elements such as movies, sounds, and pictures.
merged clipA clip that refers to more than one source media file on disk.
Usually, a merged clip refers to a video file and multiple audio files.
midtonesThe values in an image between absolute white and absolute black.
mini-DV cassetteA small cassette used for the DV digital videotape format.
mixed-format sequenceA sequence containing clips whose media files dont
match the sequence format.
mixer automationThe process of using the Audio Mixer or a control surface to
record audio level and pan keyframes.
mixingThe process of adjusting the audio levels of all audio clips in an edited
sequence, including the production audio, music, sound effects, voiceovers,
and additional background ambience, to turn all of these sounds into a
harmonious whole.
monoShort for monophonic. A type of sound in which audio channels are
handled discretely, or are taken from a tape and mixed together into a single
track, using equal amounts of audio channels 1 and 2. See also stereo, stereo
pair.
montageA sequence in which a series of shots are arranged to create a certain
mood or theme or to denote the passage of time.
motion blurAn effect that blurs any clip with keyframed motion applied to it,
similar to blurred motion recorded by a camera.
motion pathLines displayed in the Canvas showing the direction a clip will
travel based on positional keyframes applied to the clip.
Motion project fileA project file saved in Motion. You can edit Motion project
files natively in Motion or add them to your FinalCutPro projects.
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)A group of compression standards for
video and audio, which includes MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4.
MXF (Material eXchange Format)A common media container format in the
video industry. It is not a compression scheme or specific video type, but rather
a container for storage and transmission of video, audio, and associated
metadata.
nested sequenceA sequence that is edited into another sequence.
NLEShort for nonlinear editor. See also nonlinear editing.
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noise floorThe background noise generated by audio equipment during

recording, which inadvertently becomes a part of the recording.
non-drop frame timecodeTimecode in which frames are numbered
sequentially and no frames are dropped from the count. When discussing NTSC
video, the video frame rate is actually 29.97fps, and non-drop frame timecode
is off by 3seconds and 18frames per hour in comparison to actual elapsed
time. See also drop frame timecode.
non-interlaced videoThe standard representation of images on a computer.
Also referred to as progressive scan. The monitor displays the image by
drawing lines, one after another, from top to bottom.
nonlinear editingA video editing method in which edits within a program can
be changed at any time without having to re-create the entire program. When
you use a nonlinear editing application to edit a program, all footage used is
stored on a hard disk rather than on tape. This allows random access to all
video, audio, and images as you edit. See also linear editing.
NTSC formatThe video standard defined by the National Television Standards
Committee, the organization that originally defined North American broadcast
standards. Analog NTSC video has 525 interlaced lines per frame, a frame rate
of 29.97fps, and a limited color gamut. Digital NTSC video has a frame size of
720x486 pixels (720x480 for DV and DVD), and a frame rate of 29.97fps.
See also PAL format.
NTSC legalThe range of color that can be broadcast free of distortion
according to the NTSC standards.
offlineClips whose media files are currently unavailable to your project. They
appear in the Browser with a red slash through them. Clips may be offline
because media files havent been ingested yet or because theyve been
modified in some way. To view these clips properly in your project, you must
reingest them or reconnect them to their corresponding media files.
offline editingThe process of editing a program at a lower resolution to save
on equipment costs or to conserve hard disk space. When the edit is finished,
the material can be recaptured at a higher quality, or an EDL can be generated
for re-creating the edit on another system.
opacityThe level of a clips transparency.
ordered timecode breakA nearly imperceptible gap in the timecode track of a
tape that breaks the continuous flow of timecode but doesnt result in the
timecode being reset to 00:00:00:00. See also timecode.
outgoing clipThe clip a transition segues from. For example, if Clip A
dissolves to Clip B, Clip A is the outgoing clip.
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out-of-sync indicatorIn the Timeline, the symbol that appears at the

beginning of a clip when a video item moves out of sync with its linked audio
items, or vice versa.
Out pointThe edit point that specifies the last frame of a clip for use in a
sequence.
outputSending video or audio signals out of your FinalCutPro editing system
to display on a monitor or record on tape.
overscanThe part of the video frame that cannot be seen on a TV or video
monitor. Broadcast video is an overscan medium, meaning that the recorded
frame size is larger than the viewable areas on a video monitor. The overscan
part of the picture is usually hidden behind the plastic bezel on the edge of a
television set. While you are editing, you can use the action safe area to indicate
the approximate portion of a frame that is hidden because of overscanning.
overwrite editAn edit in which the clip being edited into a sequence replaces
frames that are already in the sequence.
P2 (Professional Plug-in)A compact solid-state memory card designed for
professional and broadcast media gathering. Because they have no moving
parts, these cards are compact and sturdy as well as resistant to heat and cold.
P2 cards typically store DV, DVCPRO, DVCPRO 50, and DVCPRO HD media.
PAL formatAcronym for Phase Alternating Line, a 25fps (625 lines per frame)
interlaced video format used by many European countries. Digital PAL video has
a frame size of 720x576. See also NTSC format.
Parade scopeA waveform monitor mode that shows the video signal as
separate red, green, and blue waveforms. Useful for comparing the relative
levels of reds, greens, and blues between two clips, or within a single clip.
peak(1) Short, loud bursts of sound that last a fraction of a second. In spoken
dialogue, letters like P, T, and K at the beginnings of words can result in little
peaks if the person speaking is close to the microphone. (2) Occurrences of
clipped audio appearing in FinalCutPro as 0 dBFS peaks. Excessive peaks tend
to indicate that the audio was recorded at unsuitable levels. A command in the
Tools menu, Mark Audio Peaks, lets you identify 0 dBFS audio peaks in clips or
sequences.
peak meterA digital audio meter that displays the absolute level of an audio
signal as it plays. So named because every peak in the signal can be accurately
seen.
PCMStands for pulse-code modulation. PCM is a method of storing or
transmitting uncompressed digital audio data.
phase(1) In audio, the timing relationship between two identical, or similar,
audio signals. (2) In video, the timing relationship between the composite video
chroma signal and the chroma subcarrier signal that determines the hue.
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PICTA still-image file format developed by Apple. PICT files can contain both
vector images and bitmapped images, as well as text and an alpha channel.
PICT is a common image format on MacOSX computers.
pixelOne dot in a video or still image. A typical medium-resolution computer
screen is 1024 pixels wide and 768 pixels high. Digital video movies for the
web are often 320 pixels wide and 240 pixels high.
pixel aspect ratioThe width-to-height ratio for the pixels that compose an
image. Pixels on computer screens and in high definition video signals are
square (1:1 ratio). Pixels in standard definition digital video signals are non-
square.
playheadA navigational element in the Viewer and Canvas scrubber bar and in
the Timeline. It corresponds to the frame displayed in the Canvas and the
Viewer. You drag the playhead to navigate through a sequence.
post-productionThe phase of film or video editing in which all of the
production elements are organized, assembled, and output for the distribution
phase.
presetA saved group of settings, such as capture, device control, and
sequence settings. Presets determine properties such as frame rate, editing
timebase, and capture interfaces. Presets are usually defined for particular
video formats and workflows and can be grouped together into Easy Setups.
Print to VideoA command in FinalCutPro that lets you send clips or
sequences to your video or audio outputs for recording on tape.
proc ampShort for processing amplifier. A specific piece of equipment that
allows you to adjust video levels on output.
programThe movie you may create in FinalCutPro. May consist of multiple
sequences or one or more clips.
projectIn FinalCutPro, the file that holds all of the elements of your movie,
such as clips, bins, and sequences. Media files are stored separately from a
project file.
proxyShort for approximation. A proxy is a low-quality substitute for a real-
time or rendered effect. FinalCutPro may generate a proxy instead of a full-
quality effect to enable real-time playback when processor-intensive effects are
used.
pull-down insertionThe process of adding fields and frames to convert 23.98
or 24fps video to NTSC or PAL video (29.97 or 25fps, respectively).
pull-down patternA method of inserting frames and fields into a video stream
to output 23.98 or 24fps video to an NTSC or PAL device. See also 2:2:2:4 pull-
down, 2:3:2:3 pull-down, 2:3:3:2 pull-down, 24 @ 25 pull-down, 24 @ 25
repeat.
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QuickTimeCross-platform multimedia technology from Apple. Widely used for

editing, compositing, CD-ROM, web video, import and export, and more.
QuickTime StreamingThe streaming media addition to the QuickTime
architecture. Used for viewing QuickTime content in real time on the web.
QuickView tabProvides an alternative way of viewing effects in a sequence
outside of the Canvas as you work. It takes advantage of the ability of
FinalCutPro to cache frames of your sequence as you play it. This is useful for
fast previews of complex composites and effects. Its also a good way to see
how your final composite looks if you are zoomed in to the Canvas while
making adjustments.
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)A method of providing
nonlinear editors with many gigabytes (GB) of high-performance data storage
by formatting a group of hard disks to act in parallel as a single drive volume.
There are different ways of creating a RAID, but for digital video editing the
most common is referred to as a Level 0 RAID. The performance of a group of
hard disks striped together as an array is much higher than that of the
individual drives.
RAM (random-access memory)A computers memory capacity, measured in
gigabytes (GB), which determines the amount of data the computer can process
and temporarily store at any moment.
range checkingOptions that turn on zebra striping to immediately warn you of
areas of a clips image that may stray outside of the broadcast legal range.
raw dataUncompressed data.
razor blade editAn edit in which a single clip is cut into two clips.
real-time effectsEffects that can be applied to clips in an edited sequence and
played back in real time, without requiring rendering first. In FinalCutPro, the
real-time effects architecture is known as RT Extreme.
recaptureTo capture a clips media file again. Usually done to eliminate
unused material in order to capture only the media files necessary to create
your finished program at full resolution.
record monitorIn a linear editing suite, a monitor that displays the edited
master tape. A record monitor corresponds to the Canvas in FinalCutPro.
redigitizeTo digitize clips again. Also referred to as recapturing.
reelIdentifies the source tape from which a clip was captured or the volume
(folder) from which file-based media was transferred. You specify a clips reel
name or number in the Logging tab of the Log and Capture window or in the
Logging area of the Log and Transfer window. A reel name or number is
typically entered when logging, but you can also change it in the Browser or the
Item Properties window. In most file-based workflows, FinalCutPro uses the
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name of the source media folder as the reel name for the clips and media files
ingested from that folder.
renderTo process video and audio with any applied filters or transitions, and
store the result on disk as a render file. Effects that arent real time must be
rendered to play back properly. Once rendered, your sequence can be played in
real time.
render filesFiles that FinalCutPro generates when you render transitions and
effects. Render files are saved to the specified scratch disk.
render status barsTwo slim horizontal bars, at the top of the Timeline, that
indicate which parts of the sequence need to be rendered. The top bar is for
video and the bottom for audio. Different colors indicate the render or real-
time playback status of a given section of the Timeline.
replace editA specialized form of overwrite edit that aligns the frame at the
playhead position in the Viewer clip to the frame at the playhead position in the
sequence clip, replacing only the content of the sequence clip, even if no In or
Out points are set. This is useful for replacing clips based on matching a
common visual event in the frame, such as a slate closing or an actors
movement.
reset timecode breakA break that results in a tapes timecode being reset to
00:00:00:00. See also timecode.
resize editAn edit in which the duration of a clip in the Timeline is changed by
moving its In or Out point.
Resize pointerA cross-shaped pointer with small arrows pointing left and
right that indicate the directions in which an edit point can be moved. The
Resize pointer appears when you move the pointer to the boundary of a clip
item or transition in the Timeline.
reverse shotA typical example of a reverse shot is a cut to the second person
in a conversation; for example, an interviewer asking the next question after
the interviewee has finished speaking.
RGBAbbreviation for Red, Green, Blue. A color space commonly used on
computers, in which each color is described by the strength of its red, green,
and blue components. This color space directly translates to the red, green, and
blue phosphors used in computer displays. The RGB color space has a very
large gamut, meaning it can reproduce a very wide range of colors. This range
is typically larger than the range that can be reproduced for broadcast.
ripple editAn edit in which the start and end times of a range of clips on a
track are adjusted when the duration of an earlier clip is altered.
roll editAn edit that affects two clips that share an edit point. For example, if
Clip A cuts to Clip B, a roll edit simultaneously adjusts the Out point of Clip A
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and the In point of Clip B by the same amount. The overall duration of the
sequence stays the same.
room toneThe low level of background noise that exists in any recording. In
order to edit out unwanted sections of audio without creating obvious gaps of
silence, its common practice to record a certain amount of extra room tone
during a shoot. You can edit in the room tone whenever you need to cover a
gap that was cut in the location audio.
rotationIn the Motion tab of the Viewer, the rotation value determines how
many times a clip circles around its center axis, without changing shape.
rotoscopingThe process of manipulating or painting on individual frames.
Usually used to describe the act of tracing, frame by frame, a foreground
element to be isolated from the background of the frame.
rough editThe first editing pass. The rough cut is an early version of a movie
that pulls together its basic elements. Often, a rough edit is performed prior to
adding transitions, filters, and other effects.
ruler(1) The measurement bar along the top of the Timeline, which represents
the total duration of an edited sequence. Also displays the timecode
corresponding to the location of clips in the Timeline. You can move the
playhead in the ruler in order to navigate through clips in a sequence. (2) In the
Transition Editor, a ruler displays a close-up view of the frames surrounding
the transition in the sequence. (3) In the Audio tab of the Viewer, a ruler above
the waveform display area shows the range of the currently displayed clip.
samplingThe process of measuring an analog signal and converting it to a
digital value. For example, the sample rate of an audio stream specifies how
many samples are captured. Higher sample rates yield higher-quality audio.
SAN (storage area network)A network that connects computer systems to a
shared storage area. The shared storage is typically a group of disk arrays
(RAIDs) grouped together and managed via software (such as Xsan).
saturationA measurement of chroma, or the intensity of color in the video
signal.
scaleIn the Motion tab of the Viewer, an adjustable value that changes the
overall size of a clip. The proportion of the image may or may not be
maintained.
sceneA series of shots that take place at the same time in the same location. A
series of scenes make up a program.
scratch diskThe disk or disk space you allocate in FinalCutPro for digital
video ingest and editing, as well as for the storage of a projects render files.
scriptA set of instructions that performs a specific function, similar to
programming. FXScript allows you to create custom scripts for use in
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FinalCutPro. You can use FXscript to create custom filters, transitions, and
generators.
scrubTo move through a clip or sequence with the aid of the playhead.
Scrubbing is used to find a particular point or frame.
scrubber barThe bar at the bottom of the Viewer and the Canvas. You can
speed up or slow down playback in forward or reverse by moving the playhead
along the scrubber bar.
Scrub toolA tool used to scrub through clips displayed when the Browser is in
icon view.
SECAM (Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire)The French television standard for
playback. Similar to PAL, the playback rate is 25fps and the frame size is
720x576.
Selection toolIn FinalCutPro, the default arrow-shaped pointer that allows
you to select items in the interface. For example, you use it to select a clip or
edit point. You can select the Selection tool by pressing the A key.
sequenceAn arranged series of video, audio, and graphics clips, edit
information, and effects edited together to create a program. A sequence can
contain your entire edited program or be limited to a single scene. Sequences
can also be edited into other sequences, referred to as nested sequences.
sequence clipA clip that has been edited into a sequence. A sequence clip is
typically an affiliate clip. See also master clip.
SGIAn uncompressed image file format popular on the IRIX operating system
on SGI workstations. Stores images with millions of colors plus an alpha
channel.
shortcut menuA menu you access by holding down the Control key and
clicking an item on the screen, or by pressing the right mouse button.
Sometimes called a contextual menu.
shotA segment of uninterrupted captured video. A shot is the smallest unit of
a program.
shuffle editAn edit in which a clip is moved from one position in an edited
sequence to another by insertion. All clips between these two positions are
moved to the left or right to fill the space left by the clip you moved. The
shuffled clips dont change their duration, so the overall duration of your
sequence is not affected.
shuttleTo drag the slider on the shuttle control to the right to fast-forward
and to the left to rewind. Playback speed varies depending on the distance of
the slider from the center of the control.
shuttle controlThe slider control located at the bottom of the Viewer and the
Canvas. This control is useful for continuous playback at different speeds, in
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fast and slow motion. It also shifts the pitch of audio as it plays at varying
speeds.
signal-to-noise ratioThe ratio between the average loudness of the subject
and the background noise in a recording. Background noise can be many things
tape hiss, the rustle of clothes, or the rumble of traffic. Its important that the
signal-to-noise ratio of your recorded clips be fairly high, so that actors voices
are comprehensible and clear.
slateA small board shot at the beginning of a scene, which identifies the scene
with basic production information such as the take, date, and scene number.
The slate may also contain a chip chart to aid in color correcting the scene. A
clapper provides an audiovisual cue for synchronization of dual system
recordings.
slide editAn edit in which an entire clip is moved, along with the edit points on
its left and right. The duration of the clip being moved stays the same, but the
clips to the left and to the right of it change in length to accommodate the new
position of the clip. The overall duration of the sequence and of these three
clips remains the same.
sliderIn FinalCutPro, an interface element that can be dragged forward or
backward in order to make an adjustment. Sliders can be found in the Motion
tab of the Viewer as well as in filters and generators applied to a clip.
slip editAn edit in which the location of both In and Out points of a sequence
clip are changed at the same time, without changing the location or duration of
the clip. This is referred to as slipping because you slip a pair of In and Out
points inside the available footage.
slugA generator in FinalCutPro used to create black video in a sequence. A
slug can be used to represent a video clip that has not yet been placed.
SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)The
organization responsible for establishing various broadcast video standards
and the SMPTE standard timecode for video playback.
snappingA setting in the Timeline that affects the movement of the playhead.
When snapping is turned on, the playhead snaps, or moves directly, to
markers or edit points when it is moved close to them.
Snapping buttonA button in the upper-right corner of the Timeline that you
click to turn snapping on and off.
SOT (sound on tape)Audio recorded on analog or digital video formats (audio
and video).
sound biteTypically a short excerpt from an interview clip, as used on news
shows.
sound effectsSpecific audio material, such as the sound of a door closing or a
dog barking, from effects libraries or from clips you recorded. Sound effects
26
can be used to replace sounds in the location audio of a program, or to add

sound that wasnt originally recorded.
sound recordistThe individual on a film or video crew responsible for setting
up the audio recording equipment and for setting the levels and managing the
audio recording during a shoot.
soundtrackThe audio that accompanies a programs video.
SoundtrackPro Audio File ProjectAlso called an .stap file. This is the native
file format used by the SoundtrackPro File Editor. Data is actually stored in a
special MacOSX format called a package (or bundle). A MacOSX package
appears to be a single file in the Finder but actually contains a collection of files
such as the original audio file, temporary render files, and the list of actions
applied to your audio file.
SoundtrackPro Multitrack ProjectAlso called an .stmp file. This is the
multitrack project file format in SoundtrackPro. As with FinalCutPro project
files, clip and Timeline information is stored in the project file, and clips refer
to media files stored elsewhere.
source media filesThe original files recorded on disk when ingesting tape-
based media or file-based media. The clips you use in FinalCutPro are pointers
that represent your media files, but changes made to clips within FinalCutPro
do not affect the media files on disk.
source monitorIn a linear editing suite, a monitor that displays source tapes
before recording them to the master tape. In FinalCutPro, the Viewer acts as
the source monitor.
source tapeThe video and audio tapes that were originally recorded during a
shoot. Media files are captured from the source tapes, edited, and ultimately
output to a final master tape.
special effectsVisual effects applied to clips and sequences, such as motion
effects, layering, and filters.
speed indicatorsTick marks that display the speed of clips in a sequence. The
spacing and color of these tick marks indicate the speed and playback direction
of the clips.
split editAn edit in which either the video or the audio portion of a clip ends
up being longer than the other; for example, when the sound is longer than the
video at the head of the clip, so it is heard before the video appears. Also
referred to as an L-cut or J-cut.
splitsA method of delivering an audio mix of programs destined for foreign
language distribution, typically using a multitrack audio recorder. Separate
mixes for dialogue, music, and sound effects are recorded to separate pairs of
audio tracks to make redubbing the dialogue and remixing it back together
easier.
27
static regionAn area in a sequence in the Timeline that you lock so that it is
visible even when you scroll to see other tracks. It can contain audio tracks,
video tracks, or both. When you create a static region, you get three regions in
the Timeline: a top, scrollable region for the other video tracks, a middle static
region, and a bottom scrollable region for the other audio tracks. You cant
scroll up or down in the static region, but you can resize it to accommodate
more or fewer tracks.
stereo, stereo pairShort for stereophonic, in which audio contains two
different channels. Items in a stereo pair are linked and are always edited
together. Audio level changes are automatically made to both channels at the
same time. A pair of audio items may have their stereo pairing turned on or
turned off at any time. See also mono.
storyboardA series of pictures that summarizes the content, action, and flow
of a proposed project. When the Browser is in icon view, clips can be arranged
visually, like a storyboard. When dragged as a group into the Timeline, the clips
are edited together in the order in which they appear in the Timeline, from left
to right and from top to bottom.
straight cutA cut in which both the video and audio clip items are cut at the
same time.
streamingThe delivery of media over a computer network.
subclipA clip that represents a portion of a clips media file.
Super 8A consumer film format with a 4:3 aspect ratio.
Super 16A film format for widescreen presentations, with a 15:9 (1.66) aspect
ratio. Super 16 is frequently used when shooting a project intended to be blown
up to 35mm.
super-blackBlack that is darker than the levels allowed by the NTSC or ITU-R
BT.601 engineering standard for video. The NTSC standard for black is 7.5 IRE
in the United States, and 0 IRE for PAL and for NTSC in Japan. For example, in
the United States, 0 IRE is considered super-black.
superimpose editAn edit in which a source clip item is placed into a track
above a clip item thats already in the Timeline at the position of the playhead.
If no In or Out points are set in the Timeline and Canvas, the previously edited
clips In and Out points are used to define the duration of the incoming clip.
Superimpose edits are used to overlay titles and text onto video, as well as to
create other compositing effects.
super-whiteWhite that is brighter than 100 IRE, the maximum level allowed by
the ITU-R BT.601 engineering standard for video.
S-VideoA high-quality video signal for high-end consumer video equipment.
The image looks sharper and has better color than composite video because S-
Video sends the color and brightness information separately, keeping the
28
signals cleaner. Most low-cost analog-to-digital video interfaces use S-Video

as their highest-quality video signal. Also known as Y/C.
swap editSee shuffle edit.
sweeteningThe process of creating a high-quality sound mix by polishing
sound levels, rerecording bad sections of dialogue, and recording and adding
narration, music, and sound effects.
syncThe relationship between the image of a sound being made in a video clip
(for example, a person talking) and the corresponding sound in an audio clip.
Maintaining audio sync is critical when editing dialogue.
tabsIn FinalCutPro, tabs delineate projects in the Browser, sequences in the
Canvas and Timeline, and functions within the Viewer. You click a tab to open a
project or go to a specified function window, such as Video, Audio, Filters, or
Motion. Tabs can also be dragged out of the main window to create a separate
window.
tail clipThe last clip in a sequence, or the clip on the rightmost side when
looking at an edit point between two clips.
tape-to-tape editing suiteAn editing facility that uses automated switching
equipment to assemble a finished program from the original source tapes using
the instructions contained in an EDL.
TARGAAn uncompressed image file format that stores images with millions of
colors plus an alpha channel. TARGA files are supported by nearly every
platform and media application.
telecineA machine that converts the images on film negatives to a videotape
format. A telecine is necessary if you shot your project on film and you want to
edit it on video.
three-point editingAn editing technique in which three out of four In and Out
points are set in a Browser clip and a sequence. When the edit is performed, the
fourth edit point is calculated automatically by FinalCutPro.
thumbnailA tiny picture representing a clip. In FinalCutPro, the thumbnail is,
by default, the first frame of a clip. You can change the frame, known as the
poster frame, used as that clips thumbnail by using the Scrub tool.
thumb tabs(1) Small tabs between the audio and video scroll bars in the
Timeline that define separate groups of audio or video tracks with their own
scroll bars. For example, if you have more audio tracks than video tracks, you
can use the thumb tabs between your audio and video scroll bars to allocate
more space to your audio tracks. (2) Small tabs on either side of the Zoom
slider that you drag to zoom in to or out of a sequence in the Timeline.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)A widely used bitmapped graphics file
format, developed by Aldus and Microsoft, that handles monochrome,
grayscale, 8- and 24-bit color. Can have alpha channels.
29
timecodeA signal recorded with your video that uniquely identifies each frame
on tape. The SMPTE format for timecode is hours: minutes: seconds: frames.
timecode gapAn area of tape with no timecode at all. Timecode gaps usually
signify the end of all recorded material on a tape, but timecode gaps may also
be caused by user error, such as fast-forwarding too far past a section of
previously recorded material and recording additional footage. Video occurring
after a timecode gap begins with a timecode value of 00:00:00:00. See also
reset timecode break.
TimelineA window in FinalCutPro that displays a chronological view of an
open sequence. Each sequence has its own tab in the Timeline. You can use the
Timeline to edit and arrange a sequence. The order of the tracks in the Timeline
determines the layering order when you combine multiple tracks of video.
Changes you make to a sequence in the Timeline are seen when you play back
that sequence in the Canvas. If you modify clips in the Canvas, those changes
can be seen in the Timeline. Note that the Canvas and Timeline display only
sequences that are currently open.
Timeline patch panelThe section at the left of the Timeline containing the
Audio, Source and Destination, Track Visibility, Lock Track, and Auto Select
controls.
title safe areaPart of the video image that is guaranteed to be visible on all
televisions. The title safe area is the inner 80 percent of the screen. To prevent
text in your video from being hidden by the edge of a TV set, you should
restrict any titles or text to the title safe area. See also action safe area.
Tool BenchA window in FinalCutPro that contains interface elements that you
can use to supplement information displayed in the Viewer and Canvas. The
Tool Bench can contain up to five tabsAudio Mixer, Frame Viewer, QuickView,
Video Scopes, and Voice Over.
Tool paletteA window in FinalCutPro that contains tools for selecting, editing,
zooming, cropping, and distorting items in the Timeline. All tools in the Tool
palette can also be selected using keyboard shortcuts.
track headerThe area in the Timeline patch panel that contains controls for
each track.
tracksLayers in the Timeline that contain audio or video clip items in a
sequence. Also refers to the separate audio and video tracks on tape or within
media files. FinalCutPro allows up to 99 video and 99 audio tracks to be used
in a single sequence.
track stripsIn the Audio Mixer, each audio track in the currently selected
sequence is represented by a track strip, complete with solo and mute buttons,
a stereo panning slider, and a level fader.
30
Track Visibility controlA control at the very beginning of each track that you
click to turn on or turn off a track. Tracks that are turned off dont play in the
Canvas or on an external monitor, nor are they rendered or output to tape.
When a track is turned off, it appears darkened in the Timeline, but its contents
remain in your sequence and you can still edit them.
transferringThe process of ingesting file-based media into a video editing
system.
Transition EditorA specialized editor that appears in the Viewer when you
double-click a transition in the Timeline. You can use it to make detailed
changes to a transitions timing and effects parameters.
transitionsEffects that are applied to edit points to smooth out a change from
clip to clip. In FinalCutPro, you can choose from a variety of video transitions,
such as a dissolves or wipes, or you can add an audio cross fade between audio
clips.
Trim Edit windowA window in FinalCutPro that displays both sides of an edit
point. For example, if Clip A cuts to Clip B, the Out point of Clip A is shown on
the left and the In point of Clip B is shown on the right. You can use this
window to adjust the edit point between two clips very precisely, frame by
frame.
trimming(1) Precisely adjusting and defining the In and Out points of a clip. (2)
Modifying an edit point in the Timeline by moving it earlier or later. (3) Fine-
tuning an edited sequence by making small adjustments to many edits.
two shotA scene that includes two people in the frame.
U-Matic A 3/4" analog tape format once popular for broadcast.
underscanTo display the entire video frame on a video monitor, so that no
part of the frame is masked. Computers display underscan video. Some
broadcast monitors have a setting that can turn on an overscan video signal to
display as underscan. See also overscan.
variable speedSpeed that varies dynamically, in forward or reverse motion, in
a single clip.
VCRAbbreviation for videocassette recorder. Generally refers to consumer
equipment used for recording video from various sources. Sometimes referred
to as a VTR.
VDUAbbreviation for Video Disk Unit. This is a FireWire disk recorder that uses
a hard disk drive as its recording media. The drive attaches directly to
professional-quality DVCAM camcorders through FireWire and is capable of
recording up to 3hours of video/audio signals in parallel with tape recording.
VectorscopeA window in FinalCutPro that graphically displays the color
components of a video signal, precisely showing the range of colors in a video
signal and measuring their intensity and hue. It is a specialized oscilloscope
31
that can be used to calibrate the color in video signals being captured from
videotape, as well as to compare two clips for purposes of color correction.
velocityThe acceleration or deceleration of a clips motion.
velocity handleA control you use to change the velocity of a clips motion over
time. Dragging the velocity handle toward the selected keyframe slows down
the clips motion at the beginning and speeds it up as it nears the next
keyframe. Dragging away from the selected keyframe speeds up the clips
motion at the beginning and slows it down as it nears the next keyframe.
VHS (Video Home System)An analog videocassette recorder system designed
for consumer use.
View buttonsUse to switch among three different views of the Audio Mixer.
Each view has its own set of hidden and displayed track strips.
ViewerA window in FinalCutPro that you can use to watch individual source
clips and set In and Out points in preparation for editing them into your
sequence. You can also customize transitions, modify filters, and view and edit
various effects. Clips from the current sequence in the Timeline can be opened
in the Viewer to refine edits, adjust parameters for effects, and adjust audio
volume.
videographerThe person responsible for lighting and camera on a video
shoot.
video scopesTools you can use to evaluate the color and brightness values of
video clips in the Viewer, Canvas, or Timeline. Video scopes display an analysis
of the video frame located at the current playhead position.
Video Scopes tabA tab in the Tool Bench that contains the Waveform Monitor,
Vectorscope, RGB Parade scope, and Histogram.
video switcherA device with multiple video inputs that allows you to cut or
transition between several sources. Video switchers are commonly used in
tape-to-tape editing suites.
video trackA track in the Timeline into which you can edit video clip items.
VITCStands for vertical interval timecode. Timecode that is written into the
video signal on the source tapes as theyre being recorded. You can view this
timecode as a series of changing, flickering white dots and line segments in
one of the scan lines above the active picture on a monitor in underscan or
pulse-cross mode. When viewed normally, the line containing the timecode is
off the top of the screen. Because its part of the video signal, VITC timecode
cant be changed on your original tapes without also replacing the video signal.
See also LTC.
Voice Over toolAllows you to record audio in FinalCutPro while
simultaneously playing back a specified section of a sequence from the
Timeline. Audio can be recorded using any MacOSX Core Audio-compatible
32
device, such as a USB audio capture device, a PCI audio card, or the built-in
microphone on a DV camcorder.
VTRAbbreviation for videotape recorder. Generally refers to professional
equipment used for recording video from various sources.
VU meterShort for Volume Unit meter. An analog meter for monitoring audio
levels.
WAVEAn audio file format based on the general-purpose RIFF format
developed by Microsoft and IBM. WAVE files contain chunks identified by a
four-letter code. For example, WAVE files store audio samples in a data
chunk, and format information such as sample rate is stored in an fmt chunk.
WAVE files typically store uncompressed audio using pulse-code modulation
(PCM), but it is also possible to store compressed audio samples.
Waveform MonitorA window in FinalCutPro that displays the relative levels of
brightness and saturation in the clip currently being examined. Spikes or drops
in the displayed waveforms make it easy to see where the hot spots or dark
areas are in your picture.
white balanceTo make adjustments to a video signal being recorded in order
to reproduce white as true white. For example, if the white in a shot is too
yellow because of incandescent lighting, white balancing adds enough blue to
make the white appear neutral.
white levelAn analog video signals amplitude for the lightest white in a
picture, represented by IRE units.
widescreenAny movie presentation that has an aspect ratio wider than 4:3. In
movie theaters, 1.85 is considered standard and 2.40 is considered widescreen.
For video, 4:3 is considered standard and 16:9 (which is almost the same
aspect ratio as 1.85) is considered widescreen. See also 16:9.
window burnVisual timecode or keycode information superimposed onto
video frames. It usually appears on a strip at the bottom or top of the frame,
providing timecode information to the editor without obscuring important
details of the picture.
wipeA transition in which a geometric or grayscale gradient is used to
transition between two clips.
wipe patternOne of several standard SMPTE wipe transitions recognized by
EDLs. Because the EDL format continues to reflect the simplicity of older
systems, many FinalCutPro transitions have no equivalent in a given EDL
format. Therefore, during the EDL export process, these new transitions are
automatically mapped to the closest approximate SMPTE standard wipe pattern.
wireframe modesViewer and Canvas view modes that show the outline of a
clips video frame. Clips in the Viewer and Canvas can be viewed in Wireframe
mode or Image+Wireframe mode.
33
xRefers to the x coordinate in Cartesian geometry. The x coordinate describes

horizontal placement in motion effects.
XDCAMSony optical disc format for recording DVCAM and IMX video within
MXF container files.
XDCAM HDAn extension of the Sony XDCAM format that supports high
definition video recording at three quality levels. XDCAM HD uses long-GOP
MPEG-2 compression similar to the compression used in HDV.
xmemlAbbreviation for eXtensible Media Editing Markup Language. The
custom set of markup tags used by the FinalCutPro XML Interchange Format.
XMLAbbreviation for Extensible Markup Language. XML is a method of storing
information in an easily accessible yet customizable file format. XML files are
plain ASCII text files used by FinalCutPro for data exchange among different
applications and operating systems.
XsanApple software for clustering multiple RAIDs together into a storage area
network (SAN). Multiple computer systems can read and write to the shared
storage area simultaneously, allowing several editors to work in parallel using
the same media files.
yRefers to the y coordinate in Cartesian geometry. The y coordinate describes
vertical placement in motion effects.
YCBCRThe color space in which many digital video formats store data. Three
components are stored for each pixelone for luma (Y) and two for color
information (CB for the blue difference signal and CR for the red difference
signal). Also referred to as YUV.
YUVSee YCBCR.
zebra stripesAnimated diagonal marching lines that are superimposed over
areas of an image that are very near or exceed the broadcast-legal limits. Zebra
stripes are turned on when you use the FinalCutPro range-checking options.
zoom levelThe level at which the Viewer, Canvas, or Timeline is magnified.
You can adjust the level of precision of your editing by setting the zoom level.
For example, by zooming in on the Timeline, you can make changes to a clips
individual frames. Conversely, you can zoom all the way out to see the entire
project and work on very large sections at once.
Zoom sliderThe slider control that appears at the bottom of the Timeline. The
Zoom slider allows you to navigate throughout the total duration of the
currently displayed sequence; you can use the thumb tabs on the left and right
of the slider to zoom in to and out of a sequence for a more detailed view.
34

Glossary of Editing FCP7

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Glossary of Editing FCP7

2:2:2:4 pull-downAn efficient but low-quality pull-down method, primarily

Auto RenderA feature that allows FinalCutPro to render open sequences

CanvasIn FinalCutPro, the Canvas is the equivalent of a record monitor in a

codecShort for compressor/decompressor, or encode/decode. A software

compositingA process in which two or more images are combined into a

DVA standard definition digital videotape recorder format that records an 8-

move a project from one editing application to another, or to coordinate the

matteSometimes referred to as a holdout matte. An effect that uses

noise floorThe background noise generated by audio equipment during

out-of-sync indicatorIn the Timeline, the symbol that appears at the

QuickTimeCross-platform multimedia technology from Apple. Widely used for

can be used to replace sounds in the location audio of a program, or to add

signals cleaner. Most low-cost analog-to-digital video interfaces use S-Video

xRefers to the x coordinate in Cartesian geometry. The x coordinate describes

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