DE CHAVEZ, Michaela P. 1. A 0.

15 M solution of Hydrochloric acid

11 Florida - STEM pH = -log [ H+]

pH = -log 0.15
General Chemistry pH = - (-0.82)
pH = 0.82

2. A 3.00 x 10-7 M solution of Nitric acid

pH Scale
pH = -log 3 x 10-7
The pH scale is a way of expressing the pH = - (-0.82)
strength of acids and bases instead of using pH = 0.82
very small numbers, we just use the negative
power of 10 in the Molarity of the H + (OH-)
ion.
pH Calculations Solving
for H+
Under 7 = acid
7 = neutral if the pH of coke is 3.12 [H+ ] = ???
Over 7 = base
because pH = -log [H+] then

-pH = log [H+]

Take antilog (10x) of both sides and get

10-pH = [H+]

[H+] = 10-3.12 = 7.6 x 10-4 M

pOH
Calculating the pH
Since acids and bases are opposites,
pH = -log [H+]
pH and pOH are opposites.
Remember that the [ ] means Molarity pOH does not really exist, but it is
useful for changing bases to pH.
Example: if [H+] = 1 x 10-10 pOH looks at the perspective of a
pH = -log 1 x 10-10 base.

pH = - (-10) pOH = -log [OH-]

pH = 10 Since pH and pOH are on opposite ends,
Example: if [H+] = 1.8 x 10-5 pH + pOH = 14
pH = -log 1.8 x 10-5

pH = - (-4.74) [H3O+] [OH-] and pH

pH = 4.74

Find the pH of these:

What is the pH of the 0.0010 M NaOH HCl (aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) +
solution?
Cl- (aq)
[OH-] = 0.0010 (or 1.0 x 10-3 M)

pOH = -log 0.0010

pOH = 3
= 100% ionized
pH = 14-13 = 11
HNO3, HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4 and HClO4 are
strong acids.
What is the pH of a 3x 10-3 M HNO3 solution?
*Generally divide acids and bases into
HNO3 is a strong acid 100% dissociation. STRONG or WEAK ones.

pH = -log [H+] = -log [H3O+] = -log (0.002) = Strong acid:

2.7
HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) +
NO3-(aq)
What is the pH of a 1.8 x 10-3 M Ba(OH)2 HNO3 is 100% dissociated in water.
solution?

Ba(OH)2 is a strong base 100% dissociation.

pH = 14.00 pOH = 14.00 + log (1.74) =

12.26

Strong and Weak Acid/Base

The strength of an acid (or base) is
determined by the amount of IONIZATION.