Monitoring and Diagnostics
for Rolling Element Bearings
‘John Sandy, Bently Nevada Corporation, Minden, Nevada
"oling element bearings prsea some unique challenges
for machine mentoring and dlagnoste systems Machinesy
fngineers most hve knowledge of bearing’ are mecha
the asoclatd vibatonLequereisUa sr en
Moat ofthe machinery icororted in prdistiemainten
nce programs conan ling cement baring Conseguen-
Ithenuecnsof price maintenance lor depends open
Understanding helo monitor and ignote poise
"hed wth these bearings A two-part appease io mono
tnd dagnsts of meeanes onsining og eee bet
ings pon Se i
rng a avert calstropie machine aes
2. Thessaly of dapnte dts at when warning i
ae, the beings wl ave vile damage
Eine tiation ofa suggested motoring ed lg
nostic ecigues quires an underrandingo he pins
‘hd ton characteristic froin element Dearing and
‘Serf fare in these type of begs
Phyaial Characteristics
‘hy dicsnon of monitoring sd dlagostitichique for
rang element brings would nat be complete whol &
Slmpton ithe eigen
Theconstucan of tin Baring irre hat echt
“sported sfudflm uring operation. By desig, the shall
scanned bao
‘esirenest nie os mache son
1 ling seme ba Spree in
learanees ado tall 9 slgnficnt aunt af sat
Stone te eg ge the ah
‘te tans hough he olla lent To ing
Outer hes altimstelyothe bearing using Bocuse
oie Peeranrn sate beg Sg ec
iy arcptbe Yor onloing machines a ali
Sement banning
“ehogs ae stale, howeve tallow vibration tobe
measured deel the bearing ster rng The dst eae
‘Soremenr- grey envaneey bean eon dala an
fs ling teen!
ea ofrmaon on endnote
Ege Sha te ston meee
wth roumiy probe ae sis wail when larances
Inerenve ering lle and fr obwesving soto ete po
les tha are ol ssoeited wth rolling seme Geaings
clase characterise of allngsement Daring et
generation f pete aon agueniessadon the ea
fig geome umber ling seman a he sa
“aoe ing Tete deer oe eee
‘ks: Wplaly inthe range of one to seve mnes the element
[sage ate (Eo) are generated ven bys no being,
Te umpliaes ar ey smal,
leet pang tee defined the rte which hero
epSusc pata in ereter meine oe aa
si Inqueney rge heinous ne men
Es componenis and ups seven harmonies VEPs] ale?
| |
Fig Comps ofa ling om being.
ne ime SES elon As the bearng fl, the frequency
ones (Ear) in Habe phe on
incre namie
"Obsertion of hesbering-ated signals isased to ding
nose ling element bearing ranted vbeaton poems sd
ode if fale ues, Teepe dng
‘oss aya analy’ eet fem spac ane
ers wewpolt es ota necessary to Senate
Scag fag sea die shen at
gnu be eplcadto ters machine are Trt
oy Sor asingSesrng tld fequescies facie te past
Imanagers goals lined Iter thet
Vibration Characteristic of Roting Element Bearings
The vibrations produced by machint wih rolling etn
azinge occur three feqency sions
ik otrrlafed viraons somal
eeu inherange of 10} nea shatroaie apes TT
$ Sof plc
‘ment May vol element bearing furs ave hee]
‘elitr fainter nine ma
‘enor rotate, tr reat matanconr oe
{Seneca ing Sng nd sabe
ature. Most gene purpose machines wth speds smn 1200
to 310 pm groeatelorselted ration sgn teen
Toad so 30 hep) Consequently rimgeane
tomontorthintequncyeagetodeteomine when oa bea
ing tare i eaaed bya trslted maloncton. thot
these dt, he rolo lated malfancon mould ean unde
tected and the bearings mold cont fal an ed
seh
oe
Ree epee eae ao
cee ee
ee
Stsiieamtsccraennaoge
ee ee
OTe bern epee ar
a
Fn ping aplenty
satiate Gerace ce
Ennio aeeteso eeeers of acceleration, acy or dspacement
fil sue inate that spotty $4 fl ing
"ia
few fawn
or tee
appar inthe
Fine Spike region. The olber Lob of ling tepent hea
{Bye ohing toqeney band sound the dosnt
bearing iii equencies en iterng ol te Flo elted
iba equenctes ts poste a gsin mprored ee
ingeearogcndon
‘ing ames bea
Sr then i hee
tie being requenciesomenytal=
en
sul eg nce ose
Rema nataerancnarines
J CES rene signals ccsionally prov nine
\
*)
i
\ rtstage of lect eatent
beuse “el peeing” of tearing Hawes real de
eave radigs Inti pon tu bea ae po
Serie aes arena
(Causes of Faiture
‘Aroing element bearing har itil and evento wll
tl eaten. pes cure Sen
on. ling lent beating manufactures recngese ts
fac snd have developed design i ims (hry to
‘ters know the xpeted Ide ot raling element hesig
‘when I asated and operated within deg lt: TOS,
AntFrition Bearing Manufactures Aesociton TING
fines a the aig ito soup of prey eng
‘lag element bearings operating unde ental assed
‘speeds ih 90% reilly bart fe evdnac ofan,
eet
Gofrinately, mot industrial ntltions are ot under
deal onlton andthe beara prema a el Sle
‘eachngtheir design Me Moet premature beeing fuse
je atiributed to oe or more ofthe lowing se
ls ucesv loading ies steady tae ce al gent
Sal oad) or dam ae sbaltee ov etrsgeie at)
(&
sain
2 Ista o excessive lation
|. teenal contamination
‘Improper imation
Street dng ood rat
6. Exprur to wbvation while nt rolatng (fae brining,
trough the bearing tie
hargé or impopes welding consececy
Wes analyzing prematare aus a olin tment bear
{pK important to no only etrmine tha the Beco
fain ot tase the underiing nse of ae
tc Theabovelis shows the major eases premature bea
Ingres canbe aed oon guide leet
Eton for falure hensareracey elinonionaleis
fares must be a major gol of ny pecicivemiisoneans
Progam
|
Stages of Faire
ig eh pron hn i
“Mop fale ean ap ae cae
Sebi spec vinon Sencar wae
chau tage whch equ spciiedaprotieee ce
toring eebniuce
_PreFllare Stag. A hs ge the bering has entered he
seta sane ig ar
Biting tis ng, ther may bean ee eek BS
EPs paket OME
a
Seamer
Sel eapatrer ime
iS Bel a ae
ger ie hte ee
decouihcmat fumes ee
Ee ena i
Siesta gate See
‘cophe machine Tee stages conic teste
Pendtchg fe tia,
islet hagas
“esr ti
Set nl na ey
secpisiart purmetarateeerre
fw rr eS teeny
Seibcna ue eactes oat
pone abeiioce tanta
Tee Somes ears
‘pho cope Gar hes
ice ists
ieee ac dcr,
eat acted oat te
intr Spertnina rece
Soaiiuehecmendarampenara
So coast
Monitoring Methods
sep tet es my tern
peratantdces wearlahigiormoniunngihc con
Fog ees baring allowing ae ee eg
ong ng Meena
Tala Hemet ny Monor (REBAM. This
gem thes highgain loc ly cane oan
{eaduces whic i nad tthe basing bowen
haces the baring outer ng igure 2) fs pes
{apace enue the ery al (uct meter,
sections fs eater gn te sang sence a
es obser Septic: The flection ae
‘re eras of aepcemos. The opatng hegeety
range forthe trnadace sjtem is om Orde fo 10
10000 ep. This montonngastem se deter yclien
{ihe aie of monn aag clones Reet
tse meures
ugh he fetes Hi ii nal
Separated int oir vito nd Pine Spite regions pe
uly dass. The Prime Spe riss wih ts moe
Ingato oar inthe tage ofdutosDate stom ask
‘o'pek wien te bernie ingot coallion at See
400 900 in Sto Bum pelopea when Seeotng st
the contacting uae mea?
ragp 3 pl ting er Bing iy army
ewmmonacicintte cece dato dtintie
sana lvl when the eating is ow oben god ond
(tn Ale and dangersiame ethan pial stators
Life Rating of Rolling Element Bearings
‘The tinge of group of apparent identi olin a=
rent baringe operating sndertenicliads and spsts
Ssinad atthe aber rcltons ica) wah pO >
lab Btoe the st evidence of ftgue develops
“Thi ommonly cfr oa ees 10 Ho i
um fe ad pally expesed allan
I= (CPP w
‘EL base oad sting be
= equivalent oad i
30 for ball beings, 10/8 fo lle earings
Note: the above equate des aol spy fo lingot ype
Digs.
Terms of hours of ie
Ly U1 e0n (CPP ®
“The Ant-Fiton Bearing Manufacturers Assocation ne
(AFBMA) defines the equine hat constant staan
{hy lood which if applied ia beting wh rotting nner and
‘tionary outing woul ge these fas that whch he
ieaing woul ttn under he sta candor fond ad
"The expeasion use fo describe ring element hess
spplcaltn thal conain bol aa an Sal lod ope
"ents ieafelows irexposion does Oop fling st
top beings
PaaE +, @
= egunaent load bs
2 Sd be
al (has ood,
‘V2 rotational aco: ont ing lation, 12 fr outer
Fihgrotaon slang bal besrings efor
Inet or outer eg rtates)
2x sail load fete
othr actor
Note: Litngof he appropiate sling lement bessing Via
tos Xan atom nC aes ean be dane i he
[AFBMA Standards engineering handbooks and anc
oreo
sere ca eta
econ
Sheet i nt mae
ee ees noe
SSuhrhgigemmrmantaeti
Serene ty Salta
Spree teemrendeat
Eleeasacateeg caste stom
gle ey sae me ar
eT Scere swares
ogre eat nyoetece
Sere Sen tia actors
Seria cgi eatin eres
Seco prota mcrae
Rote
te are es, ligne
scat cata ae a
Sabet ete
Seg caer etter
einai aries
When theft common t much smallest the all
component ienecseaty occult he alow:
¥%, @
“The equivalent oad uted toate! the bearing shen the
rae ofthe to ales lata om te to equations
‘Thevariou lng element bearing manfetuct hve st
Dll these egos into nomsgrph frm tat te tne
Eng principles sil opty and Sood be tdi.
‘oul abo be sate thal heating ie cacao, an be
‘Mle for bearing survivable tba dierent
{spe of materae tnd splieston conditions, These lator,
weet shld tbe led inane ot
"he pouty of ver estimating he bering’ expected ie
‘Shoulda be noed that sling etme bearing man
fates can soppy gdlne values for ireguemens or
Siferent car of facncstasd on their accumulated
ind xe Ia quinn conerang exper
tabearing ena specie nds sppcation, he ag,
Siemon baring ance sol Econ
Life Rating Example
Delemine the ig eof 208 singerow deep-grove
‘all ecg tat operates sped of 1300p nih a 1690
‘bvraalled ands 1201 tratowd The tmersingroates,
"hele ten ond the servis eoniuaus,
‘Solution from ie APSMA Standerde: C= #130 Ib. From
‘he ol Bipinos Hanabook ¥ =O, Y= 1287 Using Eg
tion
"10.551 1800) + (1.267 1250) = 268 tbe
Using Eatin (t
Po VE,~ 1 1600~ 1590 bs,
sing he age of het vals for Pandang ito
uation
by S(O? = 0120/2687
sing Equation (2) tems of hou of Me
y= Ovo ICP
"(106 1500) fo20/a568? = 445 hours
10 reotonsi orertamieee ane Raed on fd steered alarm theo gud
temane Splcrepan neon andonnthelmerendl nro te eee a rt
tinrsaed Sktnnescs; sen podindcten Sweat niey aS er om les
Retegstcd ene mel ete 2 mea nna ee Oe ae
Bearing lstedprobioma
2 eng cea ae meseteeponeardionon- a. Igh tnqueny region 304g
erent ied gh arin cans ies tac ished wt us eee Phase alarmtet
the ease en sicaed er aed om, Semen ehh pe ee a
ths reency spo s marred intr of eet re ape 10 tines higher in ampitude ee
en using an sceeleromen ighirequncy, Competing wanes
soln ‘These slr Uvesholé levels or blanc-of pln equip
Se EOCENE gaint tll ital only The eel
eremeee may need io edhe pending pas ea ee
E __Indvduallymontored
MACHINERY VIBRATION ANAIYSIS—PRODUCT TESTING
\Whcteve your aprication for sonal proceaing might
be. he Ab3822 Signa Analyzer packs ook
‘capably in smal easy o-emy pockage,
‘operates on AC: DC. or apional btn. 60
nae range im. spectur stop phase,
‘2verager anion capture, Gao Go eaing ore
280 alto ote swore programs (eques PC) to
‘enhance ancisonc measutomant fate och
* Induction moter faut chagnoss
‘+ Predictive maintenance vibationspeciaen
‘monieing ond tending
“+ Operating detection shape anatase shuctutes
Contact Jon Ram ot ABD anc ck csc the anaizer
‘hot Coss unde Sa
Call our FFT Products Group APPLICATIONS HOT LINE
follsee (800) 232-5737, in Califomia: (408) 263-5333
‘ABD ENGINEERING NC.
485 MeCondis Ove Mipton CA EONS USA
Fee (08) 880719 Tee 9995 aaaneO a0 (mee a a certs ere
|
Circle 118 on inquiry Care)Rolling Element Bearing Frequencies
A clase character of ring lemen! bearing is the
scountionof speci vibration frequencies bsedon eben
‘wich he taring lating gate 3)" Even 2 new bearing
Sil generate nee bearing elated requnce, bul heap
‘es wl be ery smal
ooniodgeo he tring element hte generating se
sitchen latcpnction ena aca
‘Stbscaus I alawonany semen apd generster second
Sytem on iter clomen snd kates finesse
Sheen of flaw ia: Howevee whebove? lreat
‘newt on important beeare the snizevling clement
Searing ienormaliyrelaced ater tbs Ihe damaged pr
sod ne Spike ~ for montarng he copliton of lle ele
‘eat baring is nssay toll he earn related
Remeron tu saad petionly ie Pine Spe sgion
‘rcompacs the fundamental lementpesage rate (EPs)
‘Somgofen sod upta seven barman of helen! passage
‘ate Ps).
emt artge rl (EPs) is defined athe ete which
the oling elements pst e ptt on ele the inner outer
bering race, Therefore o popes establish he Pre Spike
‘gin i Secomes necessary ocala bth he nor ace
eet an outer race deft rates A gon for etablishing
the Dame Spike mgm (1 to 7Ebe ato use the ote acd
‘eet rate fo etablich LEP: and seven teste nner race
‘ket rf fo stl 7Ev, Feld sate ndete appro
‘tayo of ling element beth alles ae reed fo
‘eran inner or utes race lam andy uring the echnaque
tite oonabiohte rine Ske regen equate no
teang ofthe condition a ang element bearings can be
q
Freasney Caneoer CP)
a AaPisioieneti
ena ii igi
eet ation
veo ain tom
‘er age wr erry dame
The bering refer fnoracces ane by ler wcnge
elector ling element delet nd tofallin helo vite
thom epion whith extents fom 1/03 mer sa oat
tool isan) Feld sate nat proxi 1 of
Tong element baring ates ae reed eter ¢eling
By mnitoring rol vbraion and Prin Ske region, the
two nay objectives ne achive: eaerng cate
‘chine alread hevingovalebledngnostctasothat
{igo hain nr gwen mien bie damage
‘When sngcasing meeurens okey alos shouldbe
consider | signal amplitude versus teetmisson distance
Sida the signal's suscep fo oie Te farther say
‘tain meaarement is made om heaton sore the
‘hore the sgn wb temuated. Most machines whol
‘Tent ogy hv ots ate chine pai wi
{iter tenuate the signi :
ne ointThe figure lutte hal tho closer the mee
urement iemae othe machine nibtion source te beter
‘hetmensarement fora alin clement brags i ug
tte al the mersremet be taken within 11° (28
hmm from he sen,
Another foe a nt he considered comparison of
he igoa-osgoee ros of he various tae seme
Stem sgaltornoee rt Seed he rat of the
‘pit of aed sigel aay out oth ample of
‘ge sigtale tthe same pnt A sompaaon of sgn i=
fc los he varus tance tame ym i
Figure
Tino carefallyconsderd.thesevofacorscanhave sarge
eghveinpct onthe sleciveneavof winging messi
‘mane for monitoring.
Conclusions
Shundermending of the phil and vibration characters
stallingalmentbesos ental to dtrming ie
‘owt appropriate monitoring and ingen method fot
Tie (es af beange Tht cect ta monforing and
“Usgioste prog fooling element bearings to pode
‘ene naring to ner machine flrs nd lo Fave
Staings rom service only when hay ar el fohave wie
evidence of impending fare
“ward ths tm, ror raion and rine Spike dzplace-
‘men elained from epesanealy insted oll Element
caring tontor proxy probe, oroveral veloc snd rime
Spike loc oblsined tom acsing based radu te
the primary recommended techniques for monsonng ong
lent blarigs These mensrmens sould betuod
‘keine wh to replaces bering High regency mea.
urements ore commended only ata pric nett af
Impending are and should general not be used the
rary det in dtemining when o replace aig le:
en Saringe
eteeces :
2 ils, i, “ig Element Bowring rues Bey evade
- at Aes “eplaiogs Nate en Neves Corpor
Sg ati awsen Sear Oe
+E. Eritrea
«Eee SCanaion Montoringot Fling Machines” pen
Seabee ttt ts
1 Specie STE MTB en tte ty Mon
. Beuthna Rig Ds hse ler ad Wn Chale