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Monitoring and Diagnostics for Rolling Element Bearings ‘John Sandy, Bently Nevada Corporation, Minden, Nevada "oling element bearings prsea some unique challenges for machine mentoring and dlagnoste systems Machinesy fngineers most hve knowledge of bearing’ are mecha the asoclatd vibatonLequereisUa sr en Moat ofthe machinery icororted in prdistiemainten nce programs conan ling cement baring Conseguen- Ithenuecnsof price maintenance lor depends open Understanding helo monitor and ignote poise "hed wth these bearings A two-part appease io mono tnd dagnsts of meeanes onsining og eee bet ings pon Se i rng a avert calstropie machine aes 2. Thessaly of dapnte dts at when warning i ae, the beings wl ave vile damage Eine tiation ofa suggested motoring ed lg nostic ecigues quires an underrandingo he pins ‘hd ton characteristic froin element Dearing and ‘Serf fare in these type of begs Phyaial Characteristics ‘hy dicsnon of monitoring sd dlagostitichique for rang element brings would nat be complete whol & Slmpton ithe eigen Theconstucan of tin Baring irre hat echt “sported sfudflm uring operation. By desig, the shall scanned bao ‘esirenest nie os mache son 1 ling seme ba Spree in learanees ado tall 9 slgnficnt aunt af sat Stone te eg ge the ah ‘te tans hough he olla lent To ing Outer hes altimstelyothe bearing using Bocuse oie Peeranrn sate beg Sg ec iy arcptbe Yor onloing machines a ali Sement banning “ehogs ae stale, howeve tallow vibration tobe measured deel the bearing ster rng The dst eae ‘Soremenr- grey envaneey bean eon dala an fs ling teen! ea ofrmaon on endnote Ege Sha te ston meee wth roumiy probe ae sis wail when larances Inerenve ering lle and fr obwesving soto ete po les tha are ol ssoeited wth rolling seme Geaings clase characterise of allngsement Daring et generation f pete aon agueniessadon the ea fig geome umber ling seman a he sa “aoe ing Tete deer oe eee ‘ks: Wplaly inthe range of one to seve mnes the element [sage ate (Eo) are generated ven bys no being, Te umpliaes ar ey smal, leet pang tee defined the rte which hero epSusc pata in ereter meine oe aa si Inqueney rge heinous ne men Es componenis and ups seven harmonies VEPs] ale? | | Fig Comps ofa ling om being. ne ime SES elon As the bearng fl, the frequency ones (Ear) in Habe phe on incre namie "Obsertion of hesbering-ated signals isased to ding nose ling element bearing ranted vbeaton poems sd ode if fale ues, Teepe dng ‘oss aya analy’ eet fem spac ane ers wewpolt es ota necessary to Senate Scag fag sea die shen at gnu be eplcadto ters machine are Trt oy Sor asingSesrng tld fequescies facie te past Imanagers goals lined Iter thet Vibration Characteristic of Roting Element Bearings The vibrations produced by machint wih rolling etn azinge occur three feqency sions ik otrrlafed viraons somal eeu inherange of 10} nea shatroaie apes TT $ Sof plc ‘ment May vol element bearing furs ave hee] ‘elitr fainter nine ma ‘enor rotate, tr reat matanconr oe {Seneca ing Sng nd sabe ature. Most gene purpose machines wth speds smn 1200 to 310 pm groeatelorselted ration sgn teen Toad so 30 hep) Consequently rimgeane tomontorthintequncyeagetodeteomine when oa bea ing tare i eaaed bya trslted maloncton. thot these dt, he rolo lated malfancon mould ean unde tected and the bearings mold cont fal an ed seh oe Ree epee eae ao cee ee ee Stsiieamtsccraennaoge ee ee OTe bern epee ar a Fn ping aplenty satiate Gerace ce Ennio aeeteso eee ers of acceleration, acy or dspacement fil sue inate that spotty $4 fl ing "ia few fawn or tee appar inthe Fine Spike region. The olber Lob of ling tepent hea {Bye ohing toqeney band sound the dosnt bearing iii equencies en iterng ol te Flo elted iba equenctes ts poste a gsin mprored ee ingeearogcndon ‘ing ames bea Sr then i hee tie being requenciesomenytal= en sul eg nce ose Rema nataerancnarines J CES rene signals ccsionally prov nine \ *) i \ rtstage of lect eatent beuse “el peeing” of tearing Hawes real de eave radigs Inti pon tu bea ae po Serie aes arena (Causes of Faiture ‘Aroing element bearing har itil and evento wll tl eaten. pes cure Sen on. ling lent beating manufactures recngese ts fac snd have developed design i ims (hry to ‘ters know the xpeted Ide ot raling element hesig ‘when I asated and operated within deg lt: TOS, AntFrition Bearing Manufactures Aesociton TING fines a the aig ito soup of prey eng ‘lag element bearings operating unde ental assed ‘speeds ih 90% reilly bart fe evdnac ofan, eet Gofrinately, mot industrial ntltions are ot under deal onlton andthe beara prema a el Sle ‘eachngtheir design Me Moet premature beeing fuse je atiributed to oe or more ofthe lowing se ls ucesv loading ies steady tae ce al gent Sal oad) or dam ae sbaltee ov etrsgeie at) (& sain 2 Ista o excessive lation |. teenal contamination ‘Improper imation Street dng ood rat 6. Exprur to wbvation while nt rolatng (fae brining, trough the bearing tie hargé or impopes welding consececy Wes analyzing prematare aus a olin tment bear {pK important to no only etrmine tha the Beco fain ot tase the underiing nse of ae tc Theabovelis shows the major eases premature bea Ingres canbe aed oon guide leet Eton for falure hensareracey elinonionaleis fares must be a major gol of ny pecicivemiisoneans Progam | Stages of Faire ig eh pron hn i “Mop fale ean ap ae cae Sebi spec vinon Sencar wae chau tage whch equ spciiedaprotieee ce toring eebniuce _PreFllare Stag. A hs ge the bering has entered he seta sane ig ar Biting tis ng, ther may bean ee eek BS EPs paket OME a Seamer Sel eapatrer ime iS Bel a ae ger ie hte ee decouihcmat fumes ee Ee ena i Siesta gate See ‘cophe machine Tee stages conic teste Pendtchg fe tia, islet hagas “esr ti Set nl na ey secpisiart purmetarateeerre fw rr eS teeny Seibcna ue eactes oat pone abeiioce tanta Tee Somes ears ‘pho cope Gar hes ice ists ieee ac dcr, eat acted oat te intr Spertnina rece Soaiiuehecmendarampenara So coast Monitoring Methods sep tet es my tern peratantdces wearlahigiormoniunngihc con Fog ees baring allowing ae ee eg ong ng Meena Tala Hemet ny Monor (REBAM. This gem thes highgain loc ly cane oan {eaduces whic i nad tthe basing bowen haces the baring outer ng igure 2) fs pes {apace enue the ery al (uct meter, sections fs eater gn te sang sence a es obser Septic: The flection ae ‘re eras of aepcemos. The opatng hegeety range forthe trnadace sjtem is om Orde fo 10 10000 ep. This montonngastem se deter yclien {ihe aie of monn aag clones Reet tse meures ugh he fetes Hi ii nal Separated int oir vito nd Pine Spite regions pe uly dass. The Prime Spe riss wih ts moe Ingato oar inthe tage ofdutosDate stom ask ‘o'pek wien te bernie ingot coallion at See 400 900 in Sto Bum pelopea when Seeotng st the contacting uae mea? ra gp 3 pl ting er Bing iy army ewmmonacicintte cece dato dtintie sana lvl when the eating is ow oben god ond (tn Ale and dangersiame ethan pial stators Life Rating of Rolling Element Bearings ‘The tinge of group of apparent identi olin a= rent baringe operating sndertenicliads and spsts Ssinad atthe aber rcltons ica) wah pO > lab Btoe the st evidence of ftgue develops “Thi ommonly cfr oa ees 10 Ho i um fe ad pally expesed allan I= (CPP w ‘EL base oad sting be = equivalent oad i 30 for ball beings, 10/8 fo lle earings Note: the above equate des aol spy fo lingot ype Digs. Terms of hours of ie Ly U1 e0n (CPP ® “The Ant-Fiton Bearing Manufacturers Assocation ne (AFBMA) defines the equine hat constant staan {hy lood which if applied ia beting wh rotting nner and ‘tionary outing woul ge these fas that whch he ieaing woul ttn under he sta candor fond ad "The expeasion use fo describe ring element hess spplcaltn thal conain bol aa an Sal lod ope "ents ieafelows irexposion does Oop fling st top beings PaaE +, @ = egunaent load bs 2 Sd be al (has ood, ‘V2 rotational aco: ont ing lation, 12 fr outer Fihgrotaon slang bal besrings efor Inet or outer eg rtates) 2x sail load fete othr actor Note: Litngof he appropiate sling lement bessing Via tos Xan atom nC aes ean be dane i he [AFBMA Standards engineering handbooks and anc oreo sere ca eta econ Sheet i nt mae ee ees noe SSuhrhgigemmrmantaeti Serene ty Salta Spree teemrendeat Eleeasacateeg caste stom gle ey sae me ar eT Scere swares ogre eat nyoetece Sere Sen tia actors Seria cgi eatin eres Seco prota mcrae Rote te are es, ligne scat cata ae a Sabet ete Seg caer etter einai aries When theft common t much smallest the all component ienecseaty occult he alow: ¥%, @ “The equivalent oad uted toate! the bearing shen the rae ofthe to ales lata om te to equations ‘Thevariou lng element bearing manfetuct hve st Dll these egos into nomsgrph frm tat te tne Eng principles sil opty and Sood be tdi. ‘oul abo be sate thal heating ie cacao, an be ‘Mle for bearing survivable tba dierent {spe of materae tnd splieston conditions, These lator, weet shld tbe led inane ot "he pouty of ver estimating he bering’ expected ie ‘Shoulda be noed that sling etme bearing man fates can soppy gdlne values for ireguemens or Siferent car of facncstasd on their accumulated ind xe Ia quinn conerang exper tabearing ena specie nds sppcation, he ag, Siemon baring ance sol Econ Life Rating Example Delemine the ig eof 208 singerow deep-grove ‘all ecg tat operates sped of 1300p nih a 1690 ‘bvraalled ands 1201 tratowd The tmersingroates, "hele ten ond the servis eoniuaus, ‘Solution from ie APSMA Standerde: C= #130 Ib. From ‘he ol Bipinos Hanabook ¥ =O, Y= 1287 Using Eg tion "10.551 1800) + (1.267 1250) = 268 tbe Using Eatin (t Po VE,~ 1 1600~ 1590 bs, sing he age of het vals for Pandang ito uation by S(O? = 0120/2687 sing Equation (2) tems of hou of Me y= Ovo ICP "(106 1500) fo20/a568? = 445 hours 10 reotons i orertamieee ane Raed on fd steered alarm theo gud temane Splcrepan neon andonnthelmerendl nro te eee a rt tinrsaed Sktnnescs; sen podindcten Sweat niey aS er om les Retegstcd ene mel ete 2 mea nna ee Oe ae Bearing lstedprobioma 2 eng cea ae meseteeponeardionon- a. Igh tnqueny region 304g erent ied gh arin cans ies tac ished wt us eee Phase alarmtet the ease en sicaed er aed om, Semen ehh pe ee a ths reency spo s marred intr of eet re ape 10 tines higher in ampitude ee en using an sceeleromen ighirequncy, Competing wanes soln ‘These slr Uvesholé levels or blanc-of pln equip Se EOCENE gaint tll ital only The eel eremeee may need io edhe pending pas ea ee E __Indvduallymontored MACHINERY VIBRATION ANAIYSIS—PRODUCT TESTING \Whcteve your aprication for sonal proceaing might be. he Ab3822 Signa Analyzer packs ook ‘capably in smal easy o-emy pockage, ‘operates on AC: DC. or apional btn. 60 nae range im. spectur stop phase, ‘2verager anion capture, Gao Go eaing ore 280 alto ote swore programs (eques PC) to ‘enhance ancisonc measutomant fate och * Induction moter faut chagnoss ‘+ Predictive maintenance vibationspeciaen ‘monieing ond tending “+ Operating detection shape anatase shuctutes Contact Jon Ram ot ABD anc ck csc the anaizer ‘hot Coss unde Sa Call our FFT Products Group APPLICATIONS HOT LINE follsee (800) 232-5737, in Califomia: (408) 263-5333 ‘ABD ENGINEERING NC. 485 MeCondis Ove Mipton CA EONS USA Fee (08) 880719 Tee 9995 aaaneO a0 (mee a a certs ere | Circle 118 on inquiry Care) Rolling Element Bearing Frequencies A clase character of ring lemen! bearing is the scountionof speci vibration frequencies bsedon eben ‘wich he taring lating gate 3)" Even 2 new bearing Sil generate nee bearing elated requnce, bul heap ‘es wl be ery smal ooniodgeo he tring element hte generating se sitchen latcpnction ena aca ‘Stbscaus I alawonany semen apd generster second Sytem on iter clomen snd kates finesse Sheen of flaw ia: Howevee whebove? lreat ‘newt on important beeare the snizevling clement Searing ienormaliyrelaced ater tbs Ihe damaged pr sod ne Spike ~ for montarng he copliton of lle ele ‘eat baring is nssay toll he earn related Remeron tu saad petionly ie Pine Spe sgion ‘rcompacs the fundamental lementpesage rate (EPs) ‘Somgofen sod upta seven barman of helen! passage ‘ate Ps). emt artge rl (EPs) is defined athe ete which the oling elements pst e ptt on ele the inner outer bering race, Therefore o popes establish he Pre Spike ‘gin i Secomes necessary ocala bth he nor ace eet an outer race deft rates A gon for etablishing the Dame Spike mgm (1 to 7Ebe ato use the ote acd ‘eet rate fo etablich LEP: and seven teste nner race ‘ket rf fo stl 7Ev, Feld sate ndete appro ‘tayo of ling element beth alles ae reed fo ‘eran inner or utes race lam andy uring the echnaque tite oonabiohte rine Ske regen equate no teang ofthe condition a ang element bearings can be q Freasney Caneoer CP) a AaPisioieneti ena ii igi eet ation veo ain tom ‘er age wr erry dame The bering refer fnoracces ane by ler wcnge elector ling element delet nd tofallin helo vite thom epion whith extents fom 1/03 mer sa oat tool isan) Feld sate nat proxi 1 of Tong element baring ates ae reed eter ¢eling By mnitoring rol vbraion and Prin Ske region, the two nay objectives ne achive: eaerng cate ‘chine alread hevingovalebledngnostctasothat {igo hain nr gwen mien bie damage ‘When sngcasing meeurens okey alos shouldbe consider | signal amplitude versus teetmisson distance Sida the signal's suscep fo oie Te farther say ‘tain meaarement is made om heaton sore the ‘hore the sgn wb temuated. Most machines whol ‘Tent ogy hv ots ate chine pai wi {iter tenuate the signi : ne ointThe figure lutte hal tho closer the mee urement iemae othe machine nibtion source te beter ‘hetmensarement fora alin clement brags i ug tte al the mersremet be taken within 11° (28 hmm from he sen, Another foe a nt he considered comparison of he igoa-osgoee ros of he various tae seme Stem sgaltornoee rt Seed he rat of the ‘pit of aed sigel aay out oth ample of ‘ge sigtale tthe same pnt A sompaaon of sgn i= fc los he varus tance tame ym i Figure Tino carefallyconsderd.thesevofacorscanhave sarge eghveinpct onthe sleciveneavof winging messi ‘mane for monitoring. Conclusions Shundermending of the phil and vibration characters stallingalmentbesos ental to dtrming ie ‘owt appropriate monitoring and ingen method fot Tie (es af beange Tht cect ta monforing and “Usgioste prog fooling element bearings to pode ‘ene naring to ner machine flrs nd lo Fave Staings rom service only when hay ar el fohave wie evidence of impending fare “ward ths tm, ror raion and rine Spike dzplace- ‘men elained from epesanealy insted oll Element caring tontor proxy probe, oroveral veloc snd rime Spike loc oblsined tom acsing based radu te the primary recommended techniques for monsonng ong lent blarigs These mensrmens sould betuod ‘keine wh to replaces bering High regency mea. urements ore commended only ata pric nett af Impending are and should general not be used the rary det in dtemining when o replace aig le: en Saringe eteeces : 2 ils, i, “ig Element Bowring rues Bey evade - at Aes “eplaiogs Nate en Neves Corpor Sg ati awsen Sear Oe +E. Eritrea «Eee SCanaion Montoringot Fling Machines” pen Seabee ttt ts 1 Specie STE MTB en tte ty Mon . Beuthna Rig Ds hse ler ad Wn Chale

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