Index 771

Index
Numerics absorptivity 573
1,3,5-triphenylhexane 453 accelerated
1,4-cis-polyisoprene 517 test 219, 227, 231, 601, 644
1-propanol 381 weathering 289, 419, 601
2,3-dichlorobutane 488 accelerating
2,4-dichloropentane 488 effect 616
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone 399 factor 445
2,6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol 679 acceleration 149, 161-162, 219, 231, 459
3D imaging 304 effect 395
3-indolyl radical 677 factor 241, 674
4-hydroxystilbene 395 ratio 549
5-ethylidene-2-norbornene 380 requirement 146
accelerators 15, 202, 351
A
accreditation 136
Abbot 51 accumulation 334
abiotic 333 acetate bond 378
ablation 425, 615 acetic
threshold 304, 464 acid 375, 378, 381, 386, 443, 456, 501, 675
ablative process 459 elimination 378
abrasion 257, 326-328, 483, 594, 679 acetone 375, 381, 443, 590
cycles 680 acetonitrile 608
resistance 390, 595, 605, 634, 637, 642, 677, acetophenone 405, 456, 571
680, 687, 756 acetyl group 299
abrasive action 327, 694 acetylated tributyl citrate 564
ABS 32, 132, 231, 233, 237, 239, 247, 278, 285, acetylation 696
287, 291, 293, 296, 325, 328, 351, 353-356, acetylene plasma 498
400, 503, 510, 516, 594, 597, 663, 672, 725, acetylurethane 477
746 acid 444, 502, 519
degradation 352 catalysis 498, 563
helmet 597 catalyst 726
stabilization 356 chloride 517
absolute concentration 602
viscosity detector 331 etch 135, 147, 600-601
zero 53 extraction 559
absorbance 225, 297, 354-355, 398 precipitation 196
absorbed rain 69, 75, 85, 126, 184, 196, 257, 278-279,
energy 11, 573 308, 316, 327, 365, 383, 479, 599, 602, 657,
UV 221 670-671, 697, 747, 756
absorption 64, 262, 417, 473, 631 resistance 601
band 292 solution 618
maximum 292 source 600
shift 292 stability 382
spectrum 397, 423 acid-base interaction 697
wavelength 397
772 Index

acrylamide 386 mechanical strength 582

acrylic 178, 278, 291, 310, 358, 361-362, 496, power 692
513, 568, 571, 594, 618, 633, 671, 725 strength 327
coating 363, 659 adiabatic transformation 37
copolymer 567 admixture 305, 435
enamel 653 aerosol 77, 758
fiber 363, 689 particles 75, 100
latex 363 research 93
melamine aerospace 194, 586, 612
clearcoat 602 cable 692
coating 383 affinity 687
paint 254, 549 agglomeration 659
polyurethane 362 aggregation 684
resin 293, 356, 358, 556 aggressive media 692
sealant 670 aging 352, 441, 612, 615, 692
stain 561, 660 index 666
urethane 499, 500 agricultural
varnish 619 article 593
acrylic/melamine 300 films 409
coating 603 agriculture 593, 639
acrylonitrile 502, 503 aicraft coatings 168
content 732 air 494
acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate 356-357, 568, 594 blower 146
degradation 356 bubble distribution 606
actinic fluorescent lamps 182 circulation 171
action spectrum 23 composition 680
activation cooling 172
coefficient 221 flow 171
energy 126, 222-223, 225, 307, 365, movement 62
416-417, 470-471, 473, 552, 573, 630, 692 pollutant 632
spectrum 23, 156-157, 220-221, 303-304, temperature 62
440, 450-451, 502-503, 508-509 aircraft 425, 586
wavelength 351 coating 226, 592
active component 593 emissions 601
additive dispersion 203 flexing 587
additives 15, 63, 363, 547 gear loading 660
adhesion 106, 277, 317, 373, 379, 445, 459, 585, airframe 588
599, 610, 618, 629, 648, 670, 694, 755-757 Al/Mg ratio 584
enhancer 505 alanine 677
loss 600, 670 albedo 61
promoter 373, 582, 611 alcohol 35, 294, 368, 435, 501, 608
test 328 aldehyde 294, 368, 385, 404-405, 435, 477,
adhesive 293, 327, 472, 581, 584 485-486, 502, 518
bond 584 group 362, 375, 518
failure 671 Alert 110, 111
force 327, 505 -tocopherol 569, 646
joint 329
Index 773

aliphatic sulphate 69
isocyanate 477 amorphous 279, 733
polyamide 390 area 263, 272, 308, 388
polyurethane 474, 476 form 442
alizarin pigments 682, 685 fraction 268, 415, 719
alkalies 612 phase 224, 310, 324, 377, 441, 452, 492, 513
alkenes 31 plastics 748
alkoxy radical 385, 435, 456, 477-478, 490, 518 polymers 684
alkyd region 262, 265, 267, 308, 319, 417, 425
paint 598, 652 sample 265
resin 30, 357, 572 state 310
alloys 594 zone 269
allyl radical 565 Amudsen 109, 110
allylic anatase 245, 363, 414, 428, 553, 560, 683
radical 517, 631 ancient harbour 620
structure 518 angle of plane tilt 149
altitude 58, 65, 77, 108, 135 Angstrom formula 97
aluminum 584 anhydride 353, 404-405, 517
alloy 757 annealed specimen 265
chloride 453 annealing 417, 459, 472, 510
flakes 600, 649 annual
ligand 571 dose 148
oxide 379, 584 UV dose 148
panels 205 anodic process 584
structure 588 anodization 584
amber 619 anodizing 757
ambient temperature 170-171 Antarctic ozone hole 89
-methylene group 387 anthracene 304, 380, 464
amide 502 anthraquinoid vat dye 676
bond 390 anthraquinone 306
formation 372 derivatives 306
group 386 dyes 681
growth 372 antibacterial property 514
II 652 anticorrosive coating 605, 756
IV 654 antifog 643
linkage 387 antifouling properties 756
aminated cellulose 664 antigraffiti
amine 35, 477 coating 634
absorption 367 performance 483
cure 590 antimicrobial coating 373
amino radical 388 antioxidant 250, 260, 288, 307, 327, 334, 376,
aminoacids 643 378-379, 418, 446, 452, 479, 501, 548, 569-
aminolysis 727 570, 636, 639, 642, 645, 656, 676-679, 724
ammonia 386 effect 447
cycle 69 anti-slip finish 678
ammonium antistatic 64
copper quat 697 coat 330
774 Index

properties 400 atactic

apatite 768 configuration 264
aphelion 55 content 269
apparent activation energy 226 segment 269
apple juice 634 atenuation length 164
appliances 593 Atlas 179
aramid 390, 678 atmosphere
fiber 614, 679 composition 66, 587
arc plasma 400, 598 pollutant 637
Arche de la Defense 500 pollution 620
architecture 599 Atomic Bomb Dome 371
arcing 588 atomic
argon plasma 498, 582 absorption spectroscopy 308, 657
Arizona 595, 600-601, 652, 668, 671, 673, 675 force microscopy 273, 278, 363
aromatic hydrogen 424
amines 569 oxygen 179, 312, 330, 376, 382, 424, 459,
engineering thermoplastics 287 470, 512, 587-588, 591, 612
group 383 fluence 330, 587
polyurethane 474-475 atomistic analysis 336
ring 14, 357, 403 attenuated total reflectance 250, 292
aromatic/aliphatic proton ratio 299 attenuation coefficient 254
aromaticity 305 autoaccelerated degradation 397
Arrhenius autoacceleration 308, 388
equation 82, 221, 224, 365, 636, 644 autobody parts 147
law 366, 405 autocatalysis 494
model 692 autocatalytic 485, 555
plot 416 activity 486
arsenic 697 effect 378
art product 224
conservation 390 autoclave effect 559
object 619-620 automobile 217, 255, 513, 595, 755
artificial emission 68
leather 620 automotive 599
sources 154 application 509, 582, 638
weathering 288, 327, 378 clearcoat 167, 225-226, 257, 320, 327, 550,
test 605 634, 659
artists paints 620 coating 223, 298, 300, 305, 308, 326, 383,
artists pigments 287 599-601, 755-756
arylamine cleavage 266 component 353
asphalt 224, 660, 665-666 construction 595
pavement 660 exhaust 602
asphaltene 666 gases 71
content 660, 665 fabrics 689
asphaltic materials 302 glass 147, 679
assembly 741 industry 128, 135, 139, 148, 356, 594, 599
ASTM 195 interior 595
components 143
Index 775

material 145 Beer-Lambert Law 7, 58

paint 85, 598, 602, 606, 755 Bell test 338
parts 178, 446, 724 bend test 325, 744
plastics 595 bending 736
pollution 598, 607 test 326
seat foams 596, 633 bent strip 747-748
tests 143 bent strip test 748
trim 193 benzaldehyde 368, 456
upholstery 679-680 benzene 368, 453, 457, 590
window 327 formation 491
auxochrome groups 683 ring 454
average Miami daylight 194 benzenesulfinic acid 466
Avogadro's number 2 benzoic
azimuth acid 368, 405, 456
angle 149 anhydride 457
tracking devices 143 benzophenone 213, 259, 302, 368, 386, 433,
azo 463-464, 621, 639, 678, 688
condensation dye 556 benzotriazole 399, 433, 655
dye 519, 681 stabilizer 182
linkage 681 benzoxazine monomer 39
azobenzene 41 benzoyl
B peroxide 419
radical 30
back-biting 443
benzyl radical 435
backbone 505
Bergen elliptical ring 748-749
backing 142, 172
berillium 100
backpressure 720
-glucosidase 366
bacterial denitrification 67
BHT 645
bags 645
bicycle tires 148
ball
binary image 283
indentation 338
binder 553, 692
or pin impression 748
degradation 554
balloons 58
durability 286
ballpoint pen 664
binder degradation 653
band intensity 693
bioassimilation 570
Barcol hardness 328
biobased polyester 407
barium sulfate 91, 691
biocidal properties 561, 768
barrel temperature 734
biocide 64, 337, 648
barrier 668
biocompatibility 459
effect 249, 373
biocomposite 617
material 644
biodegradability 616, 642, 664
basecoat 184, 606, 659
biodegradable polymer 333, 407, 485
bathochromic shift 17
biodegradation 272, 312, 319, 363, 365, 428,
-carotene 400, 678
487, 642, 646, 664
-diketone 486
rate 611
bedding compounds 193
biodurability 642
beechwood 696
biogeological nitrogen cycle 67
Beers Law 226
776 Index

biological compression 28
attack 583 dissociation 28
colonization 768 energy 566, 660
effect 93 distance 28
life 53 fission 677
substance 593 homolysis 380
biomass burning 68, 75 isomerization 41
bioremediation 628 migration 41
bioresistant polymer 414 primer 643
biostability 642 rupture 406
biotic 333 scission 41, 365-366, 428, 460, 683, 687
biphenyl 466 strength 3, 506, 582
biphoton excitation 43 bonding
biradical 39 force 643
bird droppings 601, 605 strength 685
birefringence 205, 326, 684 bone 629
bismuth vanadate 558-559 Born-Oppenheimer approximation 9, 11, 14
bisphenol A 383, 394-395 borosilicate/borosilicate filter 399
bitumen 519, 665 bottle 573, 643, 721-722, 748, 750-751
bituminous material 193, 665 crates 723
black branch 409
body 54, 89 content 419
box 142-143 points 414
exposure 143 type 419
lacquer 96 branched
panel 172, 192 chain 488
temperature 138, 178, 194 polyethylene 268
bleaching 262 branching 105, 440, 731, 733
behavior 550 degree 411, 733
bleeding 670, 756 ratio 415
blend 164, 270, 279, 291, 293, 328, 506-507, break stress 662
509, 594 Brewer spectrophotometer 93, 112
degradation 507 Brewer-Dobson circulation 59
retardation 508 brickwork 624
interphase 279 bridge coating 652
morphology 510 bridges 612, 623, 758
blending 722 brittle
blister 212, 606, 647 behavior 419
blistering 282, 373, 647, 759 failure 733, 744-746
block copolymer 407 criterion 745
blow molding 734 fraction 731
blower 171, 173, 180 fragment 265
blue light 253, 459 material 611
blunting 738 brittleness 414, 640
Bohr's statement 8 broadband UV-protection filter 551
bond 757 bromination 265
cleavage 29, 220 bromine radical 565
Index 777

Brownian motion 18 calibration 89, 95

brush marks 647 certificate 91
brushing 212 curve 331
-scission 433 shift 93
building 255, 637 cam-lock rack 140
appearance 659 Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 96
components Canadian winter 197, 413
degradation factors 624 capacitor 317
industry 278 capillary
life expectation 625 action 582, 646
material 76, 287, 623, 646, 761 force 766
staining 618 pore 646
stone viscometer 331
restoration 561 capping 672
numbering 762 car
bulb rotation 170 emission 68
bulk sample 292 interior 146
bumper 325 maintenance 600
exposure 147 upholstery 328
bundle arcing 587 wash 196, 257, 327, 601
burner 161 carbon 310
aging 161 arc 157, 165, 190-191, 208, 234, 238, 240,
burning 242, 383, 604, 727
behavior 595 black 418, 420, 433, 441, 446, 470, 556,
irradiance 96 558, 561, 608, 636, 668, 725
butadiene structure 446
double bond 665 dioxide 65, 74, 100-101, 366, 381, 386, 405,
segment 352-353, 356 457, 501, 587, 594, 608, 618, 628, 639
butyl chloride 488 emission 558
C evolution 498
generation 362
cable 280, 303, 317, 425, 563, 692, 722
disulfide 74
performance 563
fiber 321, 591, 616, 641
cadmium pigment 558
composite 616
cage
monoxide 73, 100, 102, 381, 386, 403, 405,
effect 411
409, 501, 590
escape efficiency 555
formation 391
reaction 385, 404, 433, 477, 490, 492, 518
oxide 336, 432
calcination 559
tetrachloride 76, 203
calcium
carbon/oxygen ratio 311
carbonate 319, 441, 451, 452, 480, 498, 548,
carbon-arc 240
550-551, 602, 663, 724
carbonation 628
complex 497
carbonyl 295, 315, 319, 411
hydroxide 618
absorbance 225, 240, 260, 292, 323-324,
silicate 628
419, 673
stearate 639
absorption 292, 375, 415, 447, 514
zinc carboxylate 690
band 299
778 Index

compound 306, 485 degradation 676

concentration 260-261, 353, 375, 447, 560 diacetate 684
content 559 thermal degradation 366
distribution 207 triacetate 612, 627, 675
formation 268, 292, 354, 368, 416, 440, 469, cellulose-reach surface 693
478, 548, 555, 557, 571-572, 629, 661-662, cementitious boards 612
674, 690 ceramer 592
rate 268 ceramics 619
group 207, 247-248, 260, 269, 287, 293-294, chain
353, 362, 367, 373, 375-376, 388, 390, 403, branch 732
408, 412, 414, 417, 433, 442-443, 447, branching 410, 444, 569
449-450, 460, 462, 467, 469-470, 486, breaking 393
490-491, 493-495, 518, 521, 548, 559, 618, configuration 263-264
654, 673, 720 conformation 492
formation 209, 354, 450, 549, 663 diffusion 285
growth 372, 416, 638 end 224, 263
index 81, 125, 182-183, 209, 286, 297, 328, entanglement 745
419, 417, 451, 507, 547-548, 550, 568 extender 480-481
intensity 655 flexibility 12, 15-16, 266
profile 260 irregularities 409
radical 388-389, 402 length 253, 290, 485
region 357, 374 mechanism 410
sulfide 74 mobility 78, 202, 268, 319, 562, 564, 738
carboxyl 315 movement 263
end-group 405, 407 reaction 411, 432, 676
group 405, 518 recombination 407
radical 404 scission 39, 82, 156, 247, 249, 251, 257-258,
carboxylic 267, 269, 273, 292, 308, 312, 318-320, 322,
acid 294, 386, 389, 413, 435, 517-518 330-333, 336, 359, 360-361, 363, 368, 370,
groups 720 375, 379, 386, 390, 393, 396-397, 400-401,
carpet 619, 679 403, 405-407, 410-411, 413-414, 416-417,
catalyst 292, 380, 549, 572, 690 419, 429-430, 433, 436-437, 439-441, 443,
concentration 573 452, 458-460, 466, 470, 472, 478, 485, 491,
catalytic 495, 497, 500, 507, 511-512, 518, 517-518,
activity 558, 657 548, 563, 569, 591, 593, 630, 652, 663,
degradation 691, 727 675-676, 720, 733
function 552 rate 398
influence 649 segment 264, 461, 489
oxidation 491 chain-folded conformation 264
species 57 chair 724
cataract 89 chalking 183, 243, 277-278, 287, 357, 553, 650,
cathodic 670, 693-694, 724, 759
delamination 755 value 313
reaction 584 chalk/fade rating 657
cellulose 64, 80, 125, 272, 309, 311, 363, 365- chamber 169
367, 628, 630, 664, 676, 685, 692-693 temperature 171
acetate 642 control 178
Index 779

channel black 556 chromatic

charge reflection 283, 284
carrier 554 viewing 283
migration 22 chromatographic fingerprinting 333
transfer chromophore 16, 44, 203, 254, 290, 292, 307,
complex 25, 410, 414, 424, 454 477, 504, 573, 663, 683, 692-693
state 425 degradation 689
charpy impact 355 groups 125
chemical precursor 254
bond 573, 755 chromophoric properties 17
structure 197 chromosphere 50, 51, 54
change 323, 581 Ci3020 173, 177
composition 201, 253, 316, 481, 581, 666 Ci4020 173, 177
degradation 719 Ci5020 173, 176
derivatization 490 CIE 190, 194
durability 509 scale 287
etching 304 cinnamate oligomer 39
mechanism 268, 511 CIRA filter 159, 180, 185
modification 399, 619 CIRA/soda lime filter 399
oxidation 513 cis-stilbene 40
reaction 22, 224, 322 cis-trans 40
recycling 726 citric acid 664
resistance 423, 642 Claisen condensation 384
shift 685 clays 549
structure 434 Clean Air Act 68
weathering 419 cleaning procedure 764
chemicelluloses 646 clear polyurethane 316
chemicrystallization 269, 445, 452 clearcoat 168, 224-225, 285, 293, 295, 313, 383,
chemiluminescence 307, 497, 604 479, 483, 598-600, 603-605, 659
wavelength 307 resistance 321
chemoluminogram 307 thickness 600
chiller 178 cleavage 365
chip resistance 601 Clermont-Ferrand 174
chipping 755 climate 133, 654
resistance 600 extremes 133
chitosan 367 polar 135
chloride ion 312, 618 climatic
chlorinated water 392 conditions 50, 123-124, 126, 190, 256
chlorination 265 zone 646
chlorine cloud 61, 109, 135
atom 517 cover 62, 108, 109
content 76 point 507
chlorofluorocarbons 100 cloudy sky 132
chloromethylene group 489 cncapsulation 559
chloroparaffin 497 coal
chlorotrifluoroethylene 330 burning 602
chromate copper arsenate 697 combustion 69
780 Index

coated fabric 84-85, 242, 594-596, 606-607, change 172, 241, 234, 236, 253, 256, 277,
609, 620 285, 287-288, 305, 356-357, 362, 398, 406,
coating 139, 154, 193-194, 224, 242, 282, 287- 420, 440, 452, 464, 485, 498-499, 557-568,
288, 291, 293, 299-301, 311, 317, 326-327, 596, 600, 616, 625, 627, 645, 674-675, 691,
336-337, 382, 393, 400, 550, 558, 560, 586, 693
598, 618, 634, 643, 646, 651, 656, 693, 741, component 673
755, 759 darkening 634
damage 600 determination 327
durability 313, 316, 652, 659 difference 287-288
measures 649 fading 254, 557, 619, 621, 674, 680
life 647 fastness 680
performance 696 measurement 284
reflow 605 retention 363, 637, 672
resistance 755 stability 441, 497, 569, 595, 631
stresses 587 stabilization 660
surface 656 tuning 441
thickness 408, 561, 598, 607, 609, 649, 656, colored
759 layer 248
weathering 292 substances 253
cobalt column 613
complex 558 commercial
naphthenate 419 displays 630
stearate 419 filters 167
cochineal 621 transport 588
coextruded sheet 725 compact tension 338
coextrusion 725 compatibility 659, 660
cohesive compatibilizer 279, 381, 464, 512, 573, 616
energy density 734 compliance 170
failure 278 component durability 755
force 327 composite 85, 224, 249, 280, 313, 324, 327, 366,
coil 370-371, 381, 441, 483, 550-551, 588, 590-
coated materials 609 591, 610-612, 614-616, 641, 758
coating 407, 609 failure 615
cold modification 550
cathode fluorescent light 162 composition 132, 183
climate 641 compositional difference 132
drawing 298, 733 composting 428, 485
stress 741 compressed position 41
collision 12, 22 compression 747
probability 13 molding 445
collisional strength 641
impact 81 compression/extension cycle 672
transfer 15 compressive
colloidal structure 660 strength 590, 768
color 126, 131-132, 206, 219, 223, 253, 405, stress 445
439, 446, 474, 600, 634, 644, 649, 673, 690 computer 163
bleaching 634 modeling 591
Index 781

program 763 contrast method 96

simulation 650 control parameters 185
concentration 46, 81-82, 570 controlled
factor 146 degradation 423
limits 120 release 548
concrete 612, 613, 618 conversion 45, 285
condensation 64, 119, 179, 563, 587, 600, 624 conveyor belt 85
product 389 cooking 69
condensed moisture 49 cooling 63, 256, 371
conditioning 136 effect 272
conducting island 512 rate 719, 734
conduction band 552, 554 system 172
conductive copper complex 558
force microscopy 676 core 272, 438
polymer 25 shell rubber 568
scanning microscopy 281 corona 51, 54, 55
conductivity 318, 383, 472, 594 discharge 513, 646
conductometric titration 334 correlation 166
configuration 201, 264, 647 corrosion 285, 311, 317, 370, 588, 615, 618,
configurational rearrangement 40 624, 647, 755-756, 759
confocal Raman microscopy 634 cracking 663
conformation 41, 46, 201, 203, 268, 492, 510, propagation 584
565 corrosive
conformational conditions 612
isomerism 40 environment 612
rearrangement 40 gas 646
transformation 631 liquid 747
conjugated material 75
bonds 253 cortex 689
chain structure 497 cosmetic corrosion 755
double bond 29, 395, 439, 458, 477, cosmic radiation 587
490-491, 517 cost 674
polymer 497 cotton 291, 293, 612, 621, 679, 686
sequence 402 fabric 288, 562, 664, 686, 689
unsaturations 292 Coulombic transfer 15
conjugation 17 coumarin core 39
number 289 coupling agent 483, 629
connecting power line 630 covalent bonds 373
conservation materials 765 cover plates 289, 674
constant tensile stress 748 crack 212, 267-268, 284, 310, 322, 425, 445,
construction material 761 452, 582, 597, 599, 679, 731, 765
contact angle 315, 316, 584 behavior 660
container 644, 750 extension 744
contaminants 201, 488 formation 181, 251, 279, 325, 371, 658,
contamination 153, 201, 573, 598, 644, 720 737-738
continuum 45 growth 373, 520, 612, 731
contraction 63, 371, 611 rate 280, 338, 731
782 Index

initiation 279, 591, 744-745 critical

length 338, 746 depth 262
pattern 232, 675 elastic strain 338
propagation 279, 322, 326, 446, 744, 746 inelastic strain 338, 744
resistance 483 strain 292, 735-736, 739, 744, 748
speed effect 322 stress 603, 732, 743
tip 279, 745 criterion 739
formation 740 surface
cracking 63, 85, 257, 272, 278-279, 298, 371, tension 316
378, 550, 585, 600, 624, 649, 662, 693, 695, wetting 315
731, 738 thickness 603
behavior 132, 604 crockmeter 327
force 257 crosslink 247, 258, 319, 335-336, 388, 402, 435,
mode 738 456, 490, 507, 572, 645, 654
probability 652 density 320, 322, 380, 408, 572
craters 212, 284 formation 411
crates 645 crosslinked l
craze 582, 731, 738, 744 ayer 249
area 738 polymer 333
breakdown 744 rings 439
consumption 745 structure 402
density 733-734, 739 crosslinker 336, 382, 572
diameter 743 type 610
dimensions 742 crosslinking 247-249, 251-252, 257, 273, 306,
formation 325, 425, 743 311, 315, 318, 320, 322, 330-331, 333, 335-
growth 338, 740, 744, 746 336, 359, 380, 384, 396-397, 403, 408, 410,
rate 737 412, 414, 419, 432, 437, 439, 460, 464, 467,
initiation 338, 503, 740, 732, 744 469, 485, 488, 491, 498, 505, 511, 512-513,
criterion 744 518, 517-518, 550, 571-572, 591, 593, 605,
time 741 615, 648, 652, 720, 722
length 280, 745 density 659
propagation 745 probability 388
resistance 105, 256, 429, 430 rate 480
stress 739 reaction 333, 388
time 740 site 571
tip 743 cryogenic vacuum pumping system 179
advance rate 742 crystal
crazing 63, 585, 731, 736, 738 lattice 552
zone 743 surface 552
creep 268, 320, 325, 328, 338, 413, 418, 595, crystalline 279, 560, 733
611, 642 area 263
rate 612 domain 492
strain 612, 744 fraction 719
test 746, 748 lamellae 269
time 611 material 310
crevice corrosion 582, 584, 586, 757 phase 269, 309, 484
region 263, 265, 268, 324
Index 783

structure 79, 201, 224, 256, 265, 268, 272, cystine 640, 677
303, 308, 310, 363, 388, 409, 442, 481-482, cystinyl radical ion. 677
492, 647, 684, 719, 733 D
symmetry 419
daily
transformation 484
global radiation 125
crystallinity 106, 205, 209, 262, 268-269, 279,
variation 62
294, 308-310, 315, 319, 366, 377, 391-392,
damage 283
400, 405, 413-414, 416, 419-420, 427, 444,
categories 762
452, 459, 479, 481, 484, 492, 549, 565, 635,
depth 589
664, 673, 720, 733
severity 761, 764
degree 309, 719
dangling bond 631
crystallite 79, 272, 290, 452
dark
distribution 265
cycle 176
size 263, 268, 400, 459
spots 630
crystallization 78, 310, 319, 555, 611, 640, 719,
darkness 413
740, 741, 743
data
behavior 265
comparison 201
center 265
dimensionality 380
enthalpy 270
dating 764
memory 265
daylight 395, 693
seeds 265
aging 643
temperature 264, 270
iIllumination 89
cultural
radiation 484, 668
heritage 561, 623, 768
spectrum 197, 670
monument 761
DC impedance 318
cumene 571
deacetylation 378, 379, 642
hydroperoxide 570
deactivation 12, 14
cumulative UV dose 129
catalyst 573
curative 367, 479, 757
dealkylation 682
cure 582
debonding 282, 614, 624, 641
curing 378
debris impact 587
agents 675
decarbonylation 401
stress 756
decarboxylation 38, 401
cut off point 59
decoloration 689
cuticle 689
decomposition 443, 458
cycle selection 243
reaction 726
cyclic
temperature 437
ether 405
decoration 646
imide 387
defect 195, 270, 319, 323, 414, 600, 739
ketoimide 389
recovery 273
ketone 31, 405
size 273
movement 672
type 283
cyclical sprays 144
deformation 610
cycloaddition 31
degradants 647
cyclohexadiene 492
degradation
cyclones 53
acceleration 428
cyclopentane 594
accelerator 417
784 Index

degree 208 depth 206-207, 209, 210

depth 207, 247, 249-250, 258, 292, 307, 556, profile 298, 563
613, 674 profiling 208, 251, 258, 296, 297, 304, 323,
factor 610 332, 643
kinetics 231, 306, 454, 581 derivatization 296
mechanism 14, 153-154, 197, 219, 296, desert-like climate 173
300-301, 312, 320, 351, 388, 514, 581, 649 desiccant 91
parameter 380 desiccator 213
pattern 565 design
product 316, 352 life 612
rate 125, 292, 303, 371, 388, 395, 397, 427, problem 747
450, 459, 480, 510, 513, 562, 566, 607, 626, requirement 607
657, 676, 734 weakness 597
time 584 desorption 319, 611
degraded detergent 212, 731
layer 231-232, 285, 315, 404, 493, 549, 607, deterioration 619
648 depth 662
thickness 247, 284, 493, 608 rate 615, 654
specimen 321 deuterium lamp 179
wood 648 dew 196
degrading point 602, 655
agent 219 di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate 564
conditions 49 di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate 564
force 614 dialyzers 642
degreasing 582, 757 diamond
dehydration reaction 501 ATR 292
dehydrochlorinated structure 488 tip 292
dehydrochlorination 241, 261, 308, 335, 489, dibutyl phthalate 563]564
491, 496, 562, 690 dibutyltin dilaureate 563, 572]573
dehydroxyethylation 682 dicarbonyl compound 389
de-icing fluids 587, 756 dichloroethane 565
deinking process 664 dichroic reflectors 179
delamination 148, 584, 599-600, 610, 616, 644, dicumyl peroxide 662
756 dicyclopentadiene 380
resistance 757 die temperature 643
delayed fluorescence 19, 44 dielectric
delustrant 680, 683 constant 562
denitrification 68, 69 dissipation 318
densification 79, 604 properties 318
density 209, 210, 269, 315, 318-319, 408-409, recovery 505
414-415, 459, 673, 693 diene 405
dental dienic elastomer 321
composite 312 diethyl terephthalate 563
materials 629 diethylene glycol 727
depolymerization 361 differential scanning calorimetry 213, 334, 663
deposit 763 diffraction rings 263
deposition rate 174
Index 785

diffuse 420, 458, 475, 477, 480, 483, 493, 498, 513,
illumination 283, 285 557, 569, 571, 591, 610, 626, 656, 690
radiation 176 mechanism 253
reflectance standard 95 disordered fraction 264
reflection 283 dispersability 555, 659
radiation 138 dispersion 659
diffuser 95 disproportionation 435, 437
diffusion 63, 224, 248, 265, 315, 316, 325, 354, dissipation
373, 416, 492, 505, 582, 737 factor 317
coefficient 208-209, 225, 248, 316-317 rate 741
distance 13 dissociation 11, 334
rate 13, 262, 745 energy 28-29
diffusional barrier 84 dissolution 628, 631
digestion 265 distance 649
digital image processing 337 distribution function 219
dilatometer 321 disulfide bond 677
diluent 564 diurnal concentration 72
dilution factor 562 domestic combustion 69
dimensional donor-acceptor parameter 697
movement 195 door 148, 493
stability 195, 594, 595 profile 141, 325, 497, 690
dimethyl terephthalate 563 seal 598
dimethylformamide 202-203 Doppler broadening energy spectra 652
dimethylmalonate 501 dose of radiation 220
dinitro butyl phenol 32 dosimeter 93, 643, 657
dioctyl double bond 16, 29, 290, 302, 319, 352-354,
phthalate 562-563 358, 390, 401, 458, 485, 498, 516-517, 521,
terephthalate 563 564-565, 690
dioxetane 442 drawing 267
dipole moment 45 drinking water standard 386
dipole-dipole transfer 22 driving voltage 39
direct drop time 643
oxidation 518 dry
radiation 98, 138 exposure 144
reaction 47 film thickness 313
UV 135 thickness 647, 649
dirt 284 dry/wet cycle time 194
accumulation 139, 601 drying
analysis 285 process 255
pick up 139, 147, 256, 648, 659 temperature 494
resistance 658 DSC 209, 242, 289, 318, 319, 427, 484, 510
resistance 648 DTA 318, 319
spot 601 DTG 318-319
disazopyrazolone dye 561 ductile fracture 746
disc bend test 338 durability 279, 362, 459, 609, 623, 674, 761
discharge plasma 586 classes 620
discoloration 147, 247, 254, 352, 377-378, 402, determination 648
786 Index

range 219 elasticity 665

requirement 595 index 665
durable modulus 643
binder 553 elastomeric properties 265
specimen 321 electric utilities 75
dust electrical
coverage 133 properties 317
deposition 674 thermometer 97
particles 211 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 658
dye 6576, 74, 679-680 electrocoat 582
bonding 680 electroluminescence 631
distribution 680 electroluminescent intensity 630
durability 680 electromagnetic radiation 1
fading 291, 621, 688 electromotive force 90
incorporation 486 electron 552
loss 684 accelerator 590
dyefastness 687 beam 470- 471, 590, 602, 631
dynamic irradiation 380
equilibrium 16 radiation 213
load 612 sterilization 646
mechanical properties 328 treatment 472
secondary ion mass spectrometry 251 binding energy 312
E delocalization 442
density 36
Earth
ejection 683
atmosphere 55
images 337
eccentricity 55
irradiation 512
orbit 55
microscopy 265, 279
radiation 179
radiation 587
total energy 55
spin resonance 29, 157, 207, 277-278, 300,
economic component 123
302-303, 379, 424, 428, 432, 447, 454-455,
ecosystems 67
460, 482, 488, 561, 564, 601, 655, 666, 692
edge
imaging 304, 355
crack tension 325
spectrum 304
specimen 128
transfer 683
Edison Institute 131
mechanism 436
effective
withdrawing group 518
dose 221, 657
-deficient acceptor 22
exposure 657
-hole recombination 560
irradiation dose 291
-rich donor 22
efflorescence 646, 765
-withdrawing
egg white 768
effect 442
elastic
group 37
behavior 666
electronic
energy 279
factors 14
modulus 374
game devices 163
properties 79, 610
industry 423
Index 787

matrix element 14 dissipation 11, 18, 318, 741

relaxation 11 efficiency 599
state 9 gap 14
transition 6 level 312
electrostatic measurement 149
discharge 643 migration 13
interaction 14 mismatch 15
elevated temperature 227 transfer 16, 71, 203, 510, 513, 685
elevation 110, 148 mechanism 15
elongation 210, 236, 238-239, 250-252, 292, transmission 639
317, 322-324, 417, 433-434, 436, 444, 460, engineering
468-470, 474, 482, 500, 505, 521, 560, 563, plastics 594
595-596, 638, 692, 721-722, 725 thermoplastics 243, 254, 256, 357
depth profiling 323-324 enol-form 476
retention 324 entanglements 732
elution volume 331 enthalpy 319
embrittlement 611 environment 647
effect 374 protection 218
emerging pollutants 660 environmental
emission 1, 38 conditions 123, 647
maximum 265 degradant 611
spectra 18, 265, 387 durability 667
emitted radiation 555 erosion 609
EMMA 377 exposure 555, 719
EMMAQUA 114, 145, 174, 206, 327, 377, 592, impact 581
611 pollutant 124, 631
EMMAQUA-NTW 168 pollution 615
enamel 654 safety 633
encapsulant 379, 675 environmental stress cracking 265, 320, 325,
encapsulation 562, 675 337, 400, 429, 549, 642-643, 661, 692, 719,
enclosed carbon arc 158 731, 733-738, 740-748, 751, 756
enclosures 627 resistance 298, 638, 732, 745
end enzymatic
grain 694 adduct 405
groups 299, 385, 401, 404-405, 414, 570, degradation 365-366, 405, 427
720, 732 epichlorohydrin 383
endoperoxide 32, 41 epoxidized soybean oil 564, 664
endothermic process 319 epoxy 249, 280, 293, 314, 614, 616, 618, 628
endurance 761 adhesive 586, 757
energy 728 coating 618
absorbed 28 composite 590-591
absorption 399, 555 group 299, 517
conservation 599 laminate 641
consumption 594 paint 373
conversion 476 primer 759
dispersion 650 resin 84, 273, 290, 292, 301, 313, 319, 328,
dispersive X-ray analysis 618 367, 371, 372-373, 583, 589-590, 609
788 Index

soybean oil 724 European Community 120

topcoat 759 evaporation 64, 78, 619, 631
epoxy/glass composite 373 evening surface appearance 619
equator 139, 149 excimer 15, 21-22, 203, 326
equilibrium water concentration 313 fluorescence 563
equipment selection 243 excipient 660
equivalent light dose 223 exciplex 15, 21, 25, 203
factor 184, 224 excitation 1
erosion 278-279, 312, 393, 591, 602, 626, 633, direct 383
696, 755, 765 energy disposal 11
annual rate 649 method 303
damage 164 spectrum 387
depth 371 wavelength 19, 351
mechanism 602 excited
process 602 benzophenone triplet 464
rate 357, 370, 588, 615, 696 molecule 14, 566
erythema 89 singlet state 11
action spectrum 95 species 15, 41, 555
erythemal state 21, 43, 306, 552
curve 94 complex 25
dose 92 density 15
ESCA 304, 310-311, 313, 470 quenching 202-203
ester 294, 435, 444, 501 exciton 21
bond 358, 508 migration transfer 15
group 405, 429 exhaust gases 84
linkage 401 exhibition hall 619
side chain scission 428 exosphere 55
etch depth 425 expansion 63
etched surface 605 coefficient 79, 582, 595
etching 304, 326, 425 experimental error 93
process 601 expired product 218
ethane 432 exposed
ethanol affinity 400 sample 133
ether linkage 434 side 247
ethyl maleate 38 exposure
ethylbenzene 590 angle 125, 141
ethylene 319, 457, 503 beginning 126
glycol 429 car 147
monomer 409 conditions 133, 277
propylene diene monomer 379 duration 128
segment 374 energy 196
vinyl acetate 377-378, 512, 638, 640, experiment 127
675-676 harshness 219
ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer 293, 380- horizontal 125
381, 464, 512-513, 571, 573, 630, 636, 638 initiation time 128
ethylene-propylene rubber 269, 293, 302, 315, northern 140
319-320, 375-377, 442, 509, 557, 559, 672 period 656
Index 789

racks 128, 138 635, 679, 689, 724

severity 126 chalking 278
site 123, 133 corrosion 612
time 106, 127, 248, 254, 269-68, 273, 278, damage 614
288, 297, 307, 362, 589 dimension 611
under glass 142 optics 630
variables 217 prominence 626
with spray 144 protrusion 550
extension 747 surface 393, 611
extensometer 750 fibril
exterior diameter 743
coating 601, 648 volume 743
exposure 392 fibrilar structure 743
trim 601 Ficks law 383
external Fickean liquid 737
forces 79 field failure 227
load 612 field-of-view angle 96
source 612 filament 267
stress 326, 670 shrinkage 267
extinction coefficient 7 filler 256, 299, 308, 366, 414, 547, 649, 724
extracted wood 616 dispersion 550
extraction 174, 203, 267 orientation 446
extractives 692 particle 212
extrapolation 219 stabilizing effect 724
extruded PVC 567 film 64, 80, 85, 125, 239, 245, 294, 303, 312,
extrusion 378, 512, 721 317, 400, 417, 556, 564, 569, 640, 733
F integrity 755
rupture 550
fabric 193, 287, 327-328, 621, 678
thickness 297, 379, 609, 640, 659, 733
Fade-Ometer 177
thinning 631
fading 619, 623, 682, 685
filter 163-165
rate 684
combinations 166
time 689
displacement 166
unit 287
durability 166
failure 642, 731, 737
fire polishing 166
location 750
inner 166
mode 218, 610, 738
opacification 166
prediction 604
selection 399
time 661, 732
transmission 166
farmlands 67
filtering effect 679
fast particles 587
filtration chamber 168
fatigue 756
finished products 581
properties 328
finishes 472
Fenton 36
fitting 166
reaction 36
fixed
ferrocene compounds 302
angle exposure 141
fiber 279, 292, 299, 309, 311, 313, 328, 365,
load 583
371, 390-392, 404, 441, 556, 569, 598, 612,
790 Index

flaking 277-278, 623, 693 form 550

fire lamp 157, 160-161, 207, 241, 310, 637
retardant 679 device 178, 191, 308
flame light 190, 614
resistance 319, 561 fluorinated
retardant 414, 417, 446-447, 450-451, acrylic monomer 363
459-460, 565-566, 679 ethylene propylene 164, 330, 378, 381
treatment 513 vinylene 442
flammability 594 fluorination 381
flares 51 fluorocarbons 76
flavor 634, 643 fluoropolymer 164, 381, 649, 759
flexibility 480 flux density 90
flexural flying
modulus 615 altitude 168
retention 615 objects 326
properties 611 foam 572, 593-595, 633, 667, 727
strength 251-252, 324-325, 361-362, 392, deterioration 596
590, 611, 614, 616, 626, 628 durability 595
retention 626 focusing optics 282
flocculated pigment 554 fog 196
flocculating agent 386 test 602
flocculation 649-651 fogging 513, 595, 598
gradient 313, 555 foil printing 584
flock fibers 680 fold surface 264-265
flocked yarn 390 food packaging 634
flooding 52 forbidden transition 10, 16-17
system 178 force 740
Florida 182, 595, 600-601, 604-605, 608, 610, forced
638, 643, 652, 654, 662, 668, 671-673, 686, air circulation 172
688, 758 orientation 46
exposure 499-500, 506, 560 Ford Motor Company 168
Flory-Huggins forest fires 53
solubility parameter 736 formaldehyde 432-434, 478
Flory-Stockmayer method 336 formate 299
flow formation kinetics 316
direction 597 formic acid 36, 381, 385-386, 433, 456, 501
line 270, 445, 452 formulation 219
fluorenonyl group 630 fossil fuel 57, 75
fluorescence 14, 16, 42, 307, 378, 476, 510, 604 combustion 602
decay 266 four-valent titanium 557
intensity 13, 306, 404 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 207,
lifetime 43 213, 241-242, 247, 282, 292, 298, 300, 319,
quantum yield 18 354, 357, 360, 386-387, 389, 396-397, 402,
spectra 265-266 427, 438, 444, 448, 451, 456, 475, 479, 484,
spectroscopy 306 490-491, 494, 517, 550, 597, 604, 620, 678-
fluorescent 679
emission 510 photoacoustical 601
Index 791

fractal dimension 284 G

fracture Galileo 51
energy 257, 603, 659, 738 galvanized steel 205
mechanics 748 -irradiation 423
mechanism 227 -radiation 418, 642
surface 614 garbage bags 409
fractured bone 642 garden chair 548
Franck-Condon garment storage 645
factor 14 gas
principle 9, 13, 41 bubbles 755
free burners 69
holes 337 chromatography 102, 333, 336
radical 29, 76, 203, 401, 409-411, 485, 553, -infrared 333
569, 571, 631, 642 -mass spectroscopy 304, 313, 333-334,
concentration 666 608
formation 467 fading 569
mechanism 365 permeability 645
surface energy 584, 640 permeation chromatography 242, 251, 277,
volume 315 330-331, 333, 335, 366, 591, 665
freeze/thaw 172 solubility 264
cycle 765 gasketing 470
cycling 641 gauche/trans ratio 205
resistance 765 gel 460, 480
friction coat 611, 634
coefficient 598, 599 content 335, 507
force microscopy 281, 408 formation 436, 481-482
fringe-micelle model 263 fraction 335-336, 393, 461
frontal general procedures 190
process 261 geographic location 49, 106
propagation 262 geogrids 634
fuel geomembrane 634-636
combustion 74 geometric viewing 283
consumption 595 geosynchronous orbit 592
gas geosynthetic 634, 636
distribution pipe 661 geotextile 634-636
transportation 661 -lactone 294, 353
fugitive colorants 619 glass 330, 619, 623, 637
functional group 351, 448 dome 91
functionality 218 fiber 249, 251, 289, 370, 506, 549, 591, 595,
fungi 337, 620, 692, 697, 768 611, 612-616, 618, 625-626, 641, 674, 724
fungicide 648 gold-plated 205
fungus control 639 laminate 641
fuselage 587 transition temperature 273-274, 319, 373,
fusion 318 400, 405, 492, 510, 658
enthalpy 550 427, 459-460, 483, 568, 597, 602-603, 605,
reactor 423-424 614, 648, 660
fustic 621
792 Index

glassy grit blasting 584, 757

polymers 731 Grotthus-Draper principle 6
state 79 ground
thermoplastic 733 cover 136, 137
glazing 289, 594, 638 maintenance 139
material 637-638 state 11, 21, 30, 38, 566
Global oxygen 71
Atmosphere Watch 100 gypsum 620
Solar Radiation 89 H
global
hail 197, 633, 667
irradiance 92
hailstorm 633
warming 219
hair damage 640
weathering 243
half life 365
gloss 85, 126, 130, 183-184, 196, 253, 255, 283,
handling 750
285-286, 301, 327, 358, 362, 407, 483, 499-
Hansen
500, 503, 513, 554-555, 557, 560-571, 591,
interaction sphere 736
599, 605, 619, 627, 637, 649, 672, 755
solubility parameters 736
change 256, 287, 653, 691
theory 735
deterioration 255, 256, 653
Hansens space 735
determination 285
hard
loss 484, 498, 610
block 266, 597
rate 301
coat 638
measurement 600
hardening 623
recovery 550, 605
hardness 210, 328, 671
retention 286, 392, 356-358, 499, 556, 560,
hardwoods 693
600-601, 605, 637, 655-656, 727
harsh environments 646
glucose 365
harshness of exposure 126
glue solidification 741
haze 327, 594, 638
glycerol 407
formation 598
glycine 677
head-to-head structure 488
glycolic acid 36
head-to-tail structure 488
glycolysis 727
health and safety 168
gold nanoparticles 676
heat 38, 279
golf balls 148
capacity 63
goniometer 315
deflection temperature 630
good solvent 562
insulation 599
grafting 308
protection 599
graphene oxide 550
sink 319, 549
graphite fiber 589
treated wood 693
graphitization 469
treatment 696
grass 61
heating 63, 146, 256
gravity waves 57
heating
greenhouse
effect 549
film 242, 318, 379, 418, 549, 638-640, 723,
process 609
725
heavy
gas 74, 100
atom 14, 46
Griffith theory 738
effect 203
Index 793

metal 100, 572 panel testing 693

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle 8 hose 106
heliographic angle 52 hot
helium 50, 67 climate 639
helmet 170 film lamination 609
hemiacetal 501 melt
hemicelluloses 692-693 adhesive 586
Hemisphere extrusion 609
Northern 109-110 water aging 618
Southern 109-110, 113 Hubble Space Telescope 164, 376
hemispheres 62, 59, 66, 72 hull 756
herbicide 557, 632 human
heterogeneous structure 673 response 93
heterolytic 28, 38 skin 170
hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine 382 subjectivity 282
hexagonal units 269 humidity 49, 64, 126, 154, 185, 195, 224, 234,
hidden defect 606 279, 365, 373, 378, 383, 472-473, 497, 582,
high 596, 602, 614, 626, 653, 659, 673-675, 680,
altitude 587 689, 692, 756, 758
pressure 692 control 172-173, 178
liquid chromatography 304, 333, 456, gauge 98
632, 640 hurricane 633
voltage insulation 505 hybrid
higher energy state 11 coating 561
Hildebrand solubility parameter 734 composite 400
hindered amine light stabilizer 225, 250, 300- hydration 585, 628
301, 309, 333-334, 336, 355, 376, 378, 380, hydraulic fluids 587
383, 399-400, 410, 412, 414-415, 417, 419, hydrobromic acid 566
430, 434, 446-447, 473, 483, 493, 496, 548- hydrocarbon 32, 35, 608, 727
549, 557, 561, 566, 573, 586, 601, 639, 652, hydrochloric acid 498
656-667, 676, 697 hydrodynamic resistance 737
concentration 604 hydrogen 50, 67, 71, 385, 407, 432, 457, 503,
longevity 301 590
molecular weight 447 abstraction 32, 35, 45, 302, 361, 368, 374,
hindered 382, 384, 388, 401-402, 404, 431-432, 436,
amine nitroxide 301 454, 455, 516, 519, 555, 564, 566, 570, 571,
phenol 548, 569 676, 683, 687
histidine 677 bond 32, 263, 388, 597, 734
histogram manipulation 285 chloride 378, 486
holocellulose 620 donor 45
homolysis 402, 404, 475, 518, 517, 675 formation 589
homolytic 28, 38 labile 384
dissociation 36, 375, 378, 390, 477 peroxide 154
fission 677 radical 31, 432, 457
horizontal sulfide 74
exposure 139, 148 tertiary 303
mixing 66
794 Index

hydrolysis 65, 82, 300, 309, 357, 373, 382, 395, hydroxyapatite 551
397-398, 404, 433, 440, 474, 585, 635, 641- hydroxybenzophenone 300, 396
642, 653, 726-727, 734 hydroxyl 71, 315, 362, 449
rate 82, 224, 262, 383, 480 absorption 375
hydrolytic anion 657
aging 319, 661 equivalent 334
change 313, 404, 597, 614 group 32, 260, 313, 396, 403, 405, 408, 436,
cleavage 365 447, 466, 468, 693, 696
degradation 428, 727 ion 584
rate 427 radical 72, 75, 382, 403, 420, 457, 486, 490,
enzymes 366 508, 552, 660
process 689, 719 region 374
stability 480, 505, 584 hygrometer 98
hydroperoxide 30, 32, 290, 292-295, 302, 304, hygroscopic nature 646
334, 352, 360, 362, 364, 366, 371, 374, 379- hygrothermal cycling 641
380, 386-388, 390, 396, 403-404, 410-411, hyperconjugation 29
414, 416-417, 431-433, 435-437, 440, 442- hypsochromic shift 17
443, 447, 449, 460, 467, 475-478, 482, 489, I
493-495, 498, 500-501, 508, 517-518, 548,
iIonization 11
571, 683
illuminating system 619
concentration 300, 375, 443
illumination 283
conversion 443
source 282
decomposer 569
image
decomposition 375, 410, 412, 417, 443,
acquisition 282
457-458, 549, 569
analysis 241, 278, 280, 285, 326-327, 765
formation 259, 292, 478, 689
software 285
group 443
capture 282
index 507
processing 282
loss 259
software 285
stationary concentration 444
imaging
titration 334
system 282
hydroperoxyl 71
techniques 282
hydrophilic 315, 505
imide 386
group 262
group 386
matrix 612
immersion lithography 631
surface 505
impact 279
environment 472
additive 381
hydrophobic 315
bar 213
environment 472
damage 756
nanosilica 550
energy 106
properties 505, 634, 647
modifier 462, 463, 516, 567-568, 627, 646
hydrophobicity 195, 224, 648, 679
resistance 325, 460, 646, 663
loss 630
strength 353, 355-356, 441, 512, 573, 594,
hydrostatic tension 743
645, 690, 723
hydrotalcite 550
impedance
hydrothermal stress 659
measurement 383
hydroxy radical 435
spectroscopy 317, 618, 758
Index 795

imperfections 597, 743 initiation 410, 444, 446, 492

impermeable layer 312 center 387, 743
implants 642 rate 399
impurities 19, 332, 432, 454, 504, 573, 621, 720 initiator 15, 202, 205, 351, 410, 486, 512, 517
incidence angle 130, 131 concentration 570, 571
incident energy 221 injection
incineration 76, 218 molded sample 272
incompatibility 509 molding 459, 597
incubation period 452 ink 305, 472
indentation depth 599 components 305
indicator device 170 inkjet 664
indigo 621 Innsbruck 108
indoor inorganic
actinic source 158 particle 649
light 664 pigments 558
induced semiconductor 630
oxidation 518 insoluble
effect 458 fraction 439
period 307, 445, 510, 635, 663 gel 480
temperature 635 instrument panel 599
time 569, 723 insulating materials 624
industrial insulation 425, 470
emissions 674 applications 675
plant 646 paper 366, 630
pollution 124, 600 value 594
sites 674 insulator 505
inelastic strain 744 integrated circuit 425
inert atmosphere 307 integrating sphere 179
infrared 1, 61, 77, 131-132, 162, 277, 313, 331, interaction 506, 555, 562
351, 353, 375, 466, 485, 654, 678, 693, 738 parameter 565
absorbance 156 sphere
absorption 63, 131, 223 radius 735
energy 14, 171, 549, 639 interface 505, 558, 582, 610, 618, 626, 641
exposure 132 failure 610
optical density 181 interfacial
radiation 62, 207 adhesion 513, 550, 601
spectroscopy 247, 291, 297 bonding 616
thermography 765 region 615
transmission 132 interference filter 92, 179
inhibiting action 292 interhemispheric mixing 66
inhibition zone 337 interior component 513
inhomogeneity 212, 270, 743 interlamellar
initial region 264
color development 568 space 265
gloss 95 interlaminar shear strength 614
photodegradation 446 inter-layer adhesion 483
intermediate layer 644
796 Index

intermigration 601 spectral 112

intermolecular uniformity 185
energy transfer 11, 15 irradiation 141
overlap 20 daily 108, 109
internal dose 107, 308
conversion 11, 14, 42, 400 uniformity 213
damage 765 efficiency 306
marker 331 time 45, 251, 315
order 264 wavelength 398, 688
pressure 663 irreversible
stress 605, 641, 659, 734, 740, 747 bleaching 551
transmission 131 change 614
international mail trays 644 irrigation 386
internuclear distance 28 ISO 190, 195, 750
interpenetration 304 isocyanates 473
interphase 270, 586, 611 isomerization 11, 40
interplanetary space 55 isoparaffins 727
intersystem crossing 11, 14, 16, 20, 42, 687 isophorone diamine 367
intramolecular isopropylbenzene 590
conversion 13 isopropylidene site 386
energy transfer 11, 13-14, 22 isotactic 444, 450
route 35 isothermal
intrinsic viscosity 320, 665 crystallization 270
iodometric titration 262, 334 polarization current 318
ion J
annihilation 552
Jablonskis diagram 11, 14
exchange 612, 637
Jeddah 105
ionic mechanism 37, 365
joining 668
ionized
joint 371
plasma 51
junction point 319
species 44
Jungfraujoch 108
ionizing radiation 361, 470, 692
jute 678
ionosphere 55-56, 65
IP/DP box 143-144 K
iron 493, 558 kaolin 549, 639
carboxylate 452 Kapton 424, 426
concentration 386 Kelvin probe force microscopy 281, 472, 676
oxide 300, 559, 561, 649 keratin 640, 677
salt 573 ketoimide 389
irradiance 14, 45, 111, 167, 177, 194, 196-197, ketone 203, 294, 368, 397, 405, 456, 518, 517-
352, 354, 383, 399, 444-445, 450, 587 519
calibrator 170 group 501
control 166, 170, 178 keto-polyester 402
daily 107 Kevlar 280, 441
extreme values 113 key parameters 218
maximum 111 kieselguhr 549, 639
sensor 170 kinematic viscosity 565
Index 797

kinetic lead 100

equation 82 leakage current 505
rate 397 leather 218
kinetics 41, 555 binding 76
King Khalid International Airport 500 lens 642
Kramers theory 742, 743 Lewis-Calvin plot 289
L lidar 58
life expectancy 227, 548, 649, 667, 670
labelling 136
life-cycle 617
labile hydrogen atom 401
lifetime 20, 22, 30, 41, 43, 67, 210, 222-224,
laboratory
226, 266, 306, 404, 581, 582, 588, 595, 676
testing methods 126
prediction 217
weathering 765
prediction 227
lacquer 193, 619
light
lactone 360
absorbing characteristic 555
Lake Huron 419
absorption 549
Lambert cosine law 92
concentrating device 145
Lamberts Law 130
distribution 170
lamellae 264, 267, 269, 278, 733
dosimeter 289
lateral surface area 745
emitting device 630
separation 744
fastness 178
texture 264
geometry 282
lamellar
intensity 226, 680
orientation 733
irradiance 195
structure 264
lenses 594, 595
thickness 264
monitor 161, 168-169
width 264
penetration depth 556
laminate 85, 591, 626, 641, 642
pipe 630
laminated glass 679
refraction 558
lamination 378
scattering 498, 551
lamp 45, 168
source 89, 619
power 45
stability 684
Langley 51
transmission 254, 594-595, 627, 675
Langmuir-Blodgett film 631
retention 627
lap shear 329
transmittance 626
strength 585-586
retention 626
laser
wave 1
ablation 286, 304, 423-425
lightfast ink 664
desorption mass spectrometry 305
lightfastness 619, 621, 680, 684-685, 688
intensity 304
lightning 50, 68
irradiation 614
lightning flash 557
milling 326
lignin 278, 305, 420, 365, 561, 620, 646, 663,
radiation 630
692-693
latitude 62, 70, 74, 81, 107-112, 116, 148
fraction 663
angle 141
lime 768
layer
limestone 619
removal method 326
limiting wavelength 226
thickness 584, 600
798 Index

linearity 91 magnetosphere 55
linear-polarized UV irradiation 39 main chain
linen 621 degradation 368
linseed oil 664 scission 428-429
lipase 605, 727-728 maintenance 581, 624
liquid crystal 39 cost 623
liquid crystal painting 588
displays 162-163 maleic anhydride 420, 616
crystal polymer 679 maleimides 571
lithography 361 malonic acid 36
lithologic mapping 762 mar 326, 600-601
living area 69 resistance 326-327, 550, 601, 605
load 583 marine
map 667 environment 618, 758
local conversion 411 life 89
localized stress 79 testing 759
longevity 628 maritime concentrations 72
long-term service conditions 227 Mark-Houwink
loss rate 225 constant 331
low equation 320
molecular weight product 270 mass
temperature change 313, 445
cracking 660 loss 245, 313-314, 445, 554-555, 585, 591
flexibility 638 spectrometer 305, 587
lower orbit 591 spectroscopy 304, 331, 333, 383, 501, 602
lubricants 376, 472 time-of-flight 304, 464
lubricating oil 587 transfer 261, 464
luminescence 11, 13-14, 16, 351 mastic 619
quantum efficiency 13 material
luminescent chalking 652
group 378 color 170
impurities compliance 747
quenching 687 composition 388
species 307, 387 durability 583
luminosity 50 erosion 657
Lyman -emission 179, 424 instability 433
M loss 371, 763
photooxidation 225
machining 323
rigidity 13
macromolecular chain 404
structure 302
macropores 755
surface 286, 406
macroradical 247, 364, 370, 432-433, 457
thickness 314, 317
madder 621
mathematical
magnesium oxide 584
model 604, 641, 644, 649, 659
magnetic field 1
modelling 410
gradient 304
matrix 610
magnetic moment 29
cracking 641
magnetopause 55
Index 799

matte surface 284 mercaptan organotin stabilizer 569

matting agent 549 mercaptide organotin 497
Mauna Loa 109-111 mercury lamp 158, 161, 163, 177, 183, 315, 320,
maxillofacial silicone prostheses 643 332, 335, 413, 547-548
maximum stress 85 mesolytic 38
Maxwell 1 mesomorphic surface 309
mean roughness 329 mesopause 55
measured property 223 mesosphere 55, 56, 58, 65
measurement metal 755
depth 313 catalyst 205
method 154 cation 584
measuring rack 95 content 555
mechanical foil 590
abrasion 419 halide 157
behavior 445 lamp 160, 163, 176
damage 610 ion 547-549
erosion 452 content 548
failure 105, 584, 611 oxide 400, 598
performance 446, 483, 719 pigments 493
properties 247, 252, 279, 313, 321, 356, salt 431
362-363, 400, 419, 423, 460, 477, 719 metallocene 413, 416-417, 419
strength 563, 616, 733 polyethylene 414
stress 198, 565, 692 metals 201, 647
mechanism 235, 519, 555, 614 meteorological
mechanodegradation 106 rocket 58
mechano-sorption 596 station 97-98, 119
medical methane 71, 73, 100, 102, 375, 432, 457, 503
application 470 concentration 73
equipment 642 methanol 203, 375, 381, 443, 501
implant 479 methionine 677
plastics 642 methyl
melamine acetate 501, 608
crosslinker 605 chloride 608
crosslinks 383 formate 381, 608
derivative 383 group 435, 438, 503, 505
formaldehyde resin 697 ketone 443
resin 310, 382 methacrylate copolymer 630
melt 204 radical 478, 504, 571
flow index 418, 720-722 methylene
rheology 719 bridge 437
viscosity 719 chloride 76
melting 209 group 300, 302, 396-397, 404-405, 437, 476,
enthalpy 673 489, 514, 518
point 209, 265, 414-415 methylenic hydrogen 432
temperature 427 Miami 114
membrane 665, 666 daylight 160
memory 265
800 Index

micellar model 217

character 39 compound 303, 333, 351
structure 265 prediction 219
micelle 39, 46 studies 409
microbial colonization 646 modelling 685
microbiological modifiers 674
degradation 631 moisture 63, 224, 246, 256-257, 267, 327, 373,
growth 648, 671 376, 383, 398, 413, 441, 556, 593, 596, 611,
microcapsule 593 633, 653-654, 656, 671, 692, 755-756, 765
microcrack 329, 483, 616, 675 absorbed 615
microcracking 84, 600, 611 absorption 641
microfading tester 622 content 549
microhardness 328, 338, 383, 748, 750 cycling 611
microidentation 634 diffusion 671
micrometeorite 587 distribution 337
microorganism 414, 485, 570, 664, 692, 758 enhanced photolysis 382
growth 337 expansion 604
test 337 intrusion 648
micropores 755 movement 756
microporous coating 648 penetration 549, 648, 666
microprocessor 93, 168, 185 permeation 644
micro-Raman 339 pickup 694
confocal spectroscopy 298, 738 retention 138
microscope 328 uptake 317, 694
microscopical attachment 292 molar
microscopy optical 278 mass 319
microstructure 479 volume 737
microtome 323 mold 272
microtoming 251 filling 270
Mie scattering 5, 60, 61, 289 temperature 643, 734
migration 445, 619, 732 time 643, 734
mildew 139, 140, 647 molecular
growth 140, 693 calculation 457
military collision 19
aircraft 588 interface 281
application 643 level 743
mining industry 636 mass 251
mini-tray 174 mobility 12, 310, 404, 608
mirror system 146 motion 505
Mission to Planet Earth 114 nitrogen 587
mixed plastic waste 721, 727 orbital 11, 20, 37
mobile oxygen 20, 30, 312, 404, 459, 462, 489, 587,
laboratory 600 591
phones 163 size 582, 737
radicals 689 stress 733
mobility 303 structure 14
weight 201, 207-208, 213, 247, 250-252,
Index 801

257-258, 273, 299, 305, 313, 319-320, multifunctional thiol 38

330-332, 334, 359, 361-362, 366-368, 373, multilayer film 725
393, 397-398, 406, 409, 413-414, 419, 430, multilayered crystallite 264
434, 436,-439, 445, 449-450, 459, 460-461, multiphoton excitation 44
463, 468-470, 479, 494, 496, 517, 549-550, multiple scattering 93
563, 566-567, 571, 611, 619, 630, 639, 642, multisensor 169
644, 662-663, 671, 687, 689, 692, 719-722, multi-walled carbon nanotube 381, 473, 676,
728, 731-732, 745 759
depth profile 332 museum
distribution 330 glass 305
molten textile 287, 619, 621
polypropylene 213 mutual solubility 734
state 268 N
monochromatic light 156, 179, 430
nanoclay 373, 452, 561, 616
monoclinic units 269
nanocomposite 374, 381, 427, 431, 514, 630
monofilaments 193
coating 660
monolayered crystallite 264
nanoencapsulation 661
monomer 203, 332
nanometer scale 281
yield 460
nanoparticle 297, 417, 473, 618
monotonic creep 748, 750
nano-rutile 419
test 749
nano-silica 400, 483, 659
Monte Carlo simulation 15
nano-titanium oxide 358, 659
montmorillonite 380, 400, 549-550
narrow
monument 762, 765
bandpass 92
plan 763
gaps 757
morphological
national defense 176
change 268, 322-323, 513, 583, 612,
natural
651-652
conditions 231
feature 280
dye 621
reorganization 279
exposure 286, 315, 324
studies 265
fiber 550, 617
morphology 81, 106, 197, 201, 205, 241, 265,
resources 218
270, 272, 278-279, 285, 290, 298-299, 321,
rubber 483, 514
326, 356, 414, 484, 506-507, 509-511, 555,
weathering 260, 288-289, 327, 618, 639,
683-684, 688, 719, 733
666, 692
surface 132
navy coating 643
mortar 628
near infrared 114
mosaics 619
cutoff 400
motor oil 601
coating 599
motorcycle helmets 279, 597
UV region 506
mould resistance 648
Net Radiation 89
mountings
network mobility 745
clamp 140
newsprint 663, 664
pin 140
Neyman distribution 649
movement 257
nickel-based quencher 639
mulch film 593
Nimbus 3 58
multicomponent product 755
nitrate radical 67-68
802 Index

nitric oxide 57, 67 O

nitrile group 386, 387 O/C ratio 462
nitrogen 65, 310, 316 octane number 727
oxides 67, 84, 100, 102, 271, 393, 441, 445, octas
569, 602, 616, 679 altocumulus 108
plasma 498 stratacumulus 108
nitrous oxide 67, 100, 310, 459, 461, 480, 679 octene content 732
atmospheric lifetime 67 octyloctene 40
concentration 67 odor 513
nitroxide 355, 659 oil 643
concentration 301, 303, 355 absorption 256
decay assay 301, 570 pollution 631
radical 301, 399 staining 600
nitroxyl Okazaki Large Spectrograph 179, 417, 428, 430
concentration 302 oligomer 30, 267
radical 447 opacity 557
concentration 604 operational
n-octane radical 564 altitude 586
Nomex 679 durability 636
non-destructive measurement 765 o-phenoxybenzoic acid 397
non-durable binder 553 optical
non-radiative energy clarity 605
conversion 510 density 155, 182, 507, 684
dissipation 13 dichroism 41
non-radiative process 11 loss 675
nonwovens 294 properties 41, 253-254, 400
nonylphenol 751 reflection 459
Norrish optoelectronics 599
reaction 29, 33 orange
type I 34, 268, 378, 401, 408-409, 412, 458, dye 686
477, 518 juice 634
type II 34, 268, 358, 377, 401, 409, 454, 478, orbit 382
561 orbital symmetry 37
Northern Hemisphere 107 organic
n-paraffins 331 calcium complex 568
nuclear magnetic resonance 207, 277, 299, 313, fiber 611
319, 634, 685 free radical 302
magic angle 300 light emitting diode 630
pulsed 299 photovoltaic cell 676
solid state 299 pigments 558
nuclear pollutants 32
plant 470 organoalkoxysilane 634
radiation 470 organoclay 374
numerical analysis 281 organotin stabilizer 493, 568
nutrient 414 orientation 39, 205, 213, 268, 272, 279, 309,
content 648 392, 445, 452, 684, 733, 743
orthopedic devices 642
Index 803

orthotic thickness 258, 445

devices 241 oxidizing
polymer 328 flame discharge 582
osmometry 331 properties 36
osmotic blistering 373 oxyethylene 432
Ottawa 174 oxyfluorination 550
outdoor oxygen 15, 32, 49, 65, 67, 70, 206, 209, 213,
application 513 247, 268, 302, 310, 316, 354, 360, 362, 384,
exposure 123, 156, 308, 319-320, 355, 357, 458, 474, 491, 583, 639, 642, 647, 677, 689,
497, 611, 661, 670, 672, 693-694 692, 720, 734, 756
pollution 69 absorption 448, 510
sites 243 70, 312
testing 171 complex 459
use 142, 512 consumption 365-366, 658
weathering 149, 493 content 408, 464
outgassing 587, 612 depletion 584
output illumination intensity 283 diffusion 207, 247, 306, 352, 353, 445, 470,
outward surge 14, 41 473, 485, 490, 492, 494-495, 516-517, 652
oven rate 308, 684
temperature distribution 171 induction time 661
test 665 molecular 70, 310
oxidation 105, 248, 313, 352, 419, 438, 464, 619 permeability 262, 518
degree 311 permeation 352, 644
depth 374 plasma 311
imaging 308 quenching 15
indicator 292 starvation 352
initial 318 transport 248
initiation 182 uptake 64, 305, 336, 365, 391-392, 405-406,
mechanism 438 415, 417, 437-438, 442, 448-450, 495, 697
photoproducts 292 oxygen/carbon ratio 261, 262, 312
process 397 oxygenated water 180
product 174, 261, 315, 319, 352, 400 oxygen-carbon bond 484
profile 247-248, 321, 485 oxypolymerization 30
rate 268, 307-308, 380, 382, 411, 445, 450 oxyradical 432
reaction 374 ozone 56, 65, 70, 76, 84, 89, 100, 102, 106, 197,
spontaneous 311 265, 282, 316, 365, 379, 445, 520-521, 636,
thickness 182, 445 671, 682-683, 685, 692
oxidative absorbance 57
change 378, 395 Antarctica 59
degradation 433, 479 concentration 67, 69-70, 93, 168, 226, 445
induction test 642 depletion 56, 70, 219
processes 689 distribution 58, 110, 168
stability 642 filter 168
oxide layer 757 filtering 168
oxidized hole 70, 113
cellulose 693 layer 57
layer 182, 248, 491, 584, 671 level forecast 94
804 Index

lifetime 70 passive film 584

resistance 685 patterning 400, 423
stream 168 Pauli exclusion principle 11, 29
studies 93 pavement 660, 665
vertical distribution 58 fracture model 660
P peak
traffic 70
packaged food 634
wavelength 289
packaging 634
pebbles 756
materials 642-643
peeling 756
packing density 263
pendant group 518
pail 748, 750
penetrable radiation 213
test 750
penetration depth 262
paint 135, 193-195, 205, 217, 224, 239, 277-
penetrometer 328
278, 285-287, 293, 298, 308, 312, 313, 316,
perchloroethylene 621
327, 358, 362, 513, 549, 560, 571-572, 588,
perfect black body 90
591, 601, 623, 646-647, 727
perforation corrosion 757
alkyd 357
performance 218
adhesion 696
criteria 154
creep 756
deterioration 719
damage 326
standards 694
durability 647
perhydroxyl radical 552
job 600
pericyclic 39
removal 726
perihelion 55
sample 302
permanent failure 611
water-based 647
permeability 206, 262, 373, 459, 645, 738, 743,
paintings 619-620
747, 755
pancreatin 605
permissivity 317
resistance 600-601
peroxidation 570
panel cracking 694
peroxide 31, 32, 69, 71, 182, 385, 393, 396, 500,
paper 253, 291, 619, 663
572
biodegradation behavior 664
concentration 334, 573
brightness 663
crosslink 457, 472
restoration 623
crosslinking 662
paramagnetic property 29
decomposer 498, 569
parameters 154
decomposition 411, 688
combination 154
group 460
Parsons lacquer 91
linkage 460
particle
peroxy radical 302, 375, 404, 470, 517
embedding 212
peroxynitrates 69
radius 60
Perrin
size 366, 446, 559, 726-727
kinetics 12
particulate
model 13
contaminants 49
volume 13
material 76, 674
personal
matter 101
data assistants 163
partition coefficient 337
exposure 643
passivation 559
Index 805

pesticide 593 erosion 650

pH 386, 584, 593, 742 experiment 201
phase separation 510 homolysis 508
phenanthrene sensitizer 564 oxidation 593, 631
phenol 35 process 11, 268, 573
phenolic reaction 15, 32, 253, 374, 652
antioxidant 32, 402, 569 site 353
end-group 397 reactor 220, 250, 261
phenoxy photochemistry 27
radical 436, 692 photochroism 41
resin 383, 386, 467 photochromic molecule 41
phenyl photochromicity 643
formate 385-386 photo-Claisen rearrangement 466
group 299 photocleavage 424-425, 477
radical 436 photocondensation 39
ring 454, 467, 505 photoconversion 657
phenylalanine 677 photocrosslinking 39, 412
phenyldisilanyl 504 photocyclization 41
phenylene ring 458 photocycloaddition 39
Phoenix 114 photocyclodimerization 39
phosphite 300, 447, 569 photodecomposition 512
phosphonites 569 photodegradable
phosphor 92 plastics. 401
efficiency 94 polyethylene 409
phosphorescence 14, 16 photodegradation 273, 351, 396, 502
intensity 687 effect 132
quantum yield 19 efficiency 388
photoaccelerator 429 kinetics 281
photoacid generator 631 mechanism 292, 351, 549
photoacoustic spectroscopy 226 pathway 444
photoactive 286, 479, 563, 571, 659
layer 473 reaction 286
source 571 photodegradative
photoaddition 37, 39 change 444
photobleaching 253-254, 375, 467, 485-486, process 131
491, 675, 677, 691 photodehydrochlorination 488, 497, 568
photocatalytic photodetector 169
activity 497, 556, 560, 657 photodimerization 39
degradation 32 photodiode 92
oxidation 69, 659 response 92
reaction 472 photodissociation 28, 30, 33, 566
photocell 92 photoelimination 38
photochemical photoexcited
activity 559 dye cation 683
change 106, 252, 404 impurities 454
degradation 206, 269, 273 molecule 71
effect 629 photoextrusion 38
806 Index

photofading 683 photophysical

photo-Fenton 36 conversion 11
photo-Fries process 27
reaction product 293, 396 photophysics 1
rearrangement 35, 41, 156, 266-267, 358, photopolymerization 39
384-385, 390, 395-397, 407, 437, 474-476, photoproducts 374
481 photoprotection 550
photogenerated radical pair 484 photoprotective effect 686
photographic standards 277 photoreactions 155
photoinitiated radical 253 photoreduction 306, 310, 691
photoinitiating species 367 photoreductive cleavage 681
photoinitiation 196, 410 photoresist 423-424, 631
center 653 photoresistance 464
rate 570, 653 photoresponsive surfaces 41
photoinitiator 30, 306-307, 396, 429, 452, 565, photorheometer 321
571 photosensitivity 385
photoisomerization 40-41 photosensitization 27, 660
photoluminescence 400 photosensitizer 31, 46, 213, 631, 689
photolysis 265-266, 351, 358, 382, 401, 405, photosensor 90
413, 432, 457 photosphere 50-51, 54
products 423 photostability 264, 292, 351, 400, 412, 599
photolytic photostabilizing grade 690
activity 203, 557 photosubstitution 36
degradation 247, 383, 395 photosynthesis 639
process 292, 362, 432 phototendering 676, 680, 685
reaction 387, 492 photothermal mechanism 425
photolytically active wavelength 221 photovoltaic
photon 6, 14, 43, 76 device 473
absorbed 220 module 379, 630
absorption 555 stability 676
energy 155 photoxidation initiation rate 611
flux 254 photoyellowing 396, 399, 403, 458, 508, 571,
intensity 155 677, 679, 689
photooxidation 30, 31, 202, 279, 302, 310, 315, phtalocyanine pigments 447
319, 324, 351, 387, 405, 433, 444-445, 457, phthalate plasticizer 498
497, 519, 568, 668 phthalocyanine
catalysis 498 blue 548, 556
depth 182 pigments 558
index 407 physical
product 452 aging 611
rate 417, 494, 601 changes 319
reaction 261, 387 damage 755
photooxidative loss 447
change 297, 611 quenching 12
degradation 442 phytoplankton 89
environment 418 pigment 256, 292, 299, 308, 313, 376, 493, 549,
555, 559, 623, 649
Index 807

coating 558 plywood 142

concentration 286 backing 142
distribution 650-651 Poissons ratio 257, 738
flocculation 651 polar
load 553-554 air 70
particle size 649 fraction 585-586
stabilization 559 interaction 734
type 610 polarity 20, 45, 400
pigment-pigment interaction 557 polarizability 45
pin polarization 643
impression 748 current 318
indentation test 748 polishing 601
pine 697 pollutant 50, 61, 63, 98, 120, 180, 183, 213, 257,
pinholes 647 271, 316, 326, 365, 393, 441, 479, 492-493,
pinking 691 561, 616, 623, 630, 646, 648, 657, 673-674,
pinking mechanism 497 678, 692, 746, 755-756, 766
pipe 260, 280, 355, 661, 663, 725, 748, 751 concentration 133, 441
interior 663 pollution 62, 218, 609
storage 663 concentration level 69
thickness 663 measurement 100
piperazine 367 poly(1-butene sulfone) 304, 467
Pisa 620 poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) 434
pitting 277, 626 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) 472
planar bands 744 poly(3-hexyl thiophene) 473, 676
Planck Law 1, 7, 43, 53 poly(3-hexylthiophene) 472-473
plasma poly(3-octylthiophene) 512
deposition 610 poly(butyl acrylate) 360
discharge 582, 584-585 poly(butyl methacrylate) 619
erosion 154 poly(butylene dodecanoate) 407
oxidation 311, 459 poly(butylene terephthalate) 203, 241, 250, 253,
treatment 470, 472, 513 401, 402, 404-406, 449, 508-509, 549, 568,
plasmosphere 55 611, 613
plastic poly(carbonate)urethane 642
behavior 666 poly(-caprolactone) 39, 513, 727
debris 452 poly(ester-urethane) 643
deformation 79, 745 poly(ether-block-amide) 316
energy 741 poly(ethylene glycol) 432
substrate 598 poly(ethylene naphthalate) 401-402
plasticization 325, 373, 425, 585, 611, 641 poly(ethylene oxide) 501
plasticizer 15, 63-64, 268, 373, 492-493, 513, poly(ethylene terephthalate) 250-251, 269, 281,
562-563, 582, 595, 608, 619, 689, 722 291, 294, 296, 306-307, 309, 311, 316, 322,
distribution 563 330, 335, 401-402, 404-408, 590, 594, 627,
migration 605, 660 644, 674, 680, 683-684, 722, 726, 742-743,
secondary 562 745
plasticizing effect 738 conversion 726
plastics 193, 224, 472 poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) 616
plumbing fittings 434 poly(lactic acid) 427-428, 617
808 Index

amorphous 428 polybutadiene 248, 299, 352, 381, 458, 462,

poly(methyl(phenyl)silane) 253-254 464, 514, 516-518, 567, 573
poly(neopentyl isophthalate) 408 crosslinked 518
poly(neopentyl terephthalate) 408 domain 355
poly(N-vinylcarbazole) 675 phase 663
poly(ethylene oxide) 318 photooxidation 514
network 319 segment 520
poly(phenyl acrylate) 407 polybutene 662
poly(phenylene oxide) 310, 434, 437-438, 510 polybutylene 661
poly(phenylene sulfide) 439-440 pipe 662
polyphenylene oxide 310 polycarbonate 65, 82, 124, 155-156, 202, 250,
poly(p-methoxystyrene) 563 253, 262, 289-293, 304, 310, 314, 319, 322,
poly(p-methylphenyl acrylate) 407 328, 330, 383, 385, 393-400, 467, 509, 513,
poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) 441 560, 584, 594, 597, 599, 626, 630, 637-638,
poly(p-phenylenevinylene) 441 674, 722, 744
poly(propylene glycol) 385, 432 absorption 397
poly(siloxane imide) 512 amorphous 400
poly(styrene sulfonic acid) 472 composite 400
poly(tetramethylene glycol) 432, 482 helmet 597
poly(vinyl ethyl ether) 381 semicrystalline 400
poly(vinyl isobutyl ether) 381 thermal history 397
poly(vinyl methyl ether) 500-501, 510 polychlorinated biphenyl 633
poly-3-hexylthiophene 291 polychloroprene 36, 516-517, 521, 571
poly-3-octyl-thiophene 329 polycondensation 726
polyacrylamide 386 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 631
polyacrylonitrile 303, 386, 612 polydimethylsiloxane 294, 296, 300, 305, 503-
polyacrylophenone 300, 305, 361 504
polyaddition 38, 473 polydispersity 208, 414, 565, 720-721
polyadipate 564 polyene 247-248, 253, 261, 290, 377-378, 485-
polyalkylsilane 290 486, 490-491, 494-495, 675, 690
polyamide 65, 84, 210, 253, 279, 288, 291, 293, concentration 261, 494
300, 306, 387-389, 443, 449, 559, 590, 594, formation 721
636, 679, 684-685, 688 index 721-722
thermal degradation 390 length 253, 492
fabric 390 segment length 494
fiber 393, 680 sequence 490
film 685 structure 495
stabilization 392 polyester 65, 205, 251, 288-289, 291, 299, 401,
polyamide-11 394 404, 407, 443, 585, 618, 625-626, 628, 635-
polyamide-6 126, 156-157, 267, 271, 391-394, 636, 641-642, 679, 685-686
612, 645, 678, 688, 724 bottle 634
fiber 393, 484 fiber 550
polyamide-6,6 321, 387, 389, 392-394, 686-687 melamine 383
polyaniline 387 sheet 626
polyaxial stress 731 thermal history 405
polybenzimidazole 512 urethane 759
velour 680
Index 809

polyester/melamine coating 407 terminal double bond 265

polyether 385, 480, 611 thermal history 414
backbone 266 ultra high molecular weight 642
polyol 479 waste 419
polyetheretherketone 426, 594 polyfluorene 630-631
polyethersulfone 426, 469 polyfluoroethylene vinyl ether copolymer 381
polyethylene 80-81, 125, 197, 208-210, 213, polyfluorovinyl 381
231, 234, 238, 242, 252-253, 259-260, 263- polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane 561
265, 268-269, 278, 291-292, 294, 296-299, polyimide 90, 294, 330, 333, 382, 423-425, 427,
302-303, 306-307, 311, 315-317, 319-320, 587-588, 692
328, 331, 333-336, 377, 409-411, 413-417, polyisobutylene 291, 294, 518
419, 442, 444, 447-449, 452, 508, 549-558, polyisocyanurate 473, 727
564-566, 569, 573, 585, 638, 640, 642-643, polyisoprene 294, 299, 516-518, 521, 571
661, 668, 678, 692, 719-720, 722, 725, 727, polymer
731-732, 733, 738, 750-751 backbone 359, 433, 564, 631
bimodal 751 blends 279
bottle crate 644 chain 264, 268, 286, 400, 405, 566
branched 268 mobility 611
chain 265 degradation 265
chlorinated 497, 567-568, 740, 742 matrix 45, 71, 555, 684
crystalline structure 413 mobility 459
density 409 molecule 432
embrittlement 413 morphology 265, 268, 733
fabric 678 packing 684
film 318, 593, 646 radiolysis 395
glycol 36, 381 semicrystalline 224
high density 174, 210, 260, 269, 291, 414, sensitivity 226
419-420, 444, 550, 611, 628, 630, 645, stabilization 291
721-723, 732-733, 751 structure 224
composite 549 texture 264
pipes 751 volume 220
infrared energy 417 wall 39
linear low density 261-262, 268, 417, 420, polymeric texture 264
548, 561, 616, 639, 645, 662, 725 polymerization 78, 489
metallocene 419 degree 498
low density 213, 239, 250, 279, 291, reaction 409
307-309, 318, 323, 336, 414-416, 418-420, polymer-solvent pair 734
510, 512, 567, 569-570, 618, 640, 722-723, polymethylmethacrylate 105, 231, 233, 256,
725 273, 278, 286-287, 300, 303-304, 306, 312-
metals 412 313, 320, 328-329, 332, 356, 358, 361, 428-
naphthalate 634 431, 509, 550, 590, 612, 626-627, 630, 637,
photooxidation 413 672, 674-675, 725, 735, 737, 741
pipe 661, 662 direct chain scission 428
semicrystalline 268 ester side chain scission 429
stability 414 Fickean diffusion 429
stabilization 297 polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene 381
surfactant 413 polymorphic transformation 452
810 Index

polyol 473, 478, 482, 573, 597 polytetrafluoroethylene 95, 303, 312, 381, 470-
polyolefin 24, 183, 204, 249, 268, 292, 306, 366, 471, 472, 549-550, 590, 679
379, 419, 557, 720 polytetramethylene 478
bag 679 glycol 381
polyorganosilane 290 polythiophene 472, 473
polyoxyethylene 431 polyurea 473, 476
polyoxymethylene 231, 234, 237, 278, 290-291, polyurethane 30, 83, 84, 157, 181, 242, 253,
294, 296, 299, 309, 328, 432-434, 594, 596, 265-266, 279, 289-291, 299, 306, 308, 310,
663 313-314, 316, 319-320, 334-335, 473-474,
polyphenolic compounds 693 476, 479-483, 508, 513, 549-550, 561, 572-
poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole 679 573, 585, 590, 592, 594-598, 608, 618, 633,
polypropylene 80, 182, 202, 213, 240, 242, 248, 642, 652, 654, 667, 670-671, 727, 740
250, 255, 258, 260, 262, 264, 269-272, 279, adhesive 584-585
284-286, 289, 291, 294, 297, 299-300, 303- clearcoat 604
304, 307-309, 312, 314, 316-317, 325, 328, coating 282, 588, 592, 598
332-334, 336, 409, 411, 420, 442-451, 507- composite 483
509, 512-513, 547-550, 556, 565, 567, 569, composition 597
573, 584-586, 598, 628, 635-636, 642, 645, device 642
678-679, 722-724 roofing foam 633
crystallinity 452 sealant 671
degradation rate 444 segmented 484
density 452 thermal history 480
isotactic 299, 307, 336 thermoplastic 483
molecular weight 452 polyvinylacetate 377, 496, 564
surface 584 polyvinylalcohol 168, 295, 300, 385, 484, 486,
thermal history 447 550, 586, 612, 618
polysaccharide backbone 676 polyvinylbutyral 679
polysiloxane 605 polyvinylcarbazole 19
binder 592 polyvinylchloride 29, 46, 76, 156, 174, 183, 203,
polystyrene 19, 22, 105, 203, 207-209, 231-232, 231, 236, 238, 241, 245, 247-248, 254, 261,
235, 264, 278, 290-292, 295, 299-300, 302, 278, 291-292, 295-296, 300, 307, 315, 328,
304-306, 310-311, 315, 321-322, 325, 328, 333, 335, 357, 377-378, 488, 495, 497-498,
331-332, 335, 352-353, 355, 381, 453-455, 508-509, 513, 551, 556-563, 565, 567-568,
457, 459-464, 501, 510, 512, 516, 550, 558, 573, 609, 618-619, 626-627, 637, 644, 646,
565-567, 612, 618, 634, 723, 727, 731-732 656, 663, 673-675, 690, 692, 720-725, 740,
degradation 300 742
high impact 293, 458, 513, 567, 573, 594 bottle flake 721
thermal history 460 cable 563
segment 520 coating 612
polystyryl coil coating 610
macroradical 459 degradation mechanism 488
radical 300, 455, 458, 464 film 565, 568
polysulfide 328, 440, 571-572, 670 irradaition 568
sealant 633, 672 processing 493
polysulfone 93, 291, 299, 306, 310, 465, 467- profile 725
468, 589-590, 631, 751 thermal degradation 722
film 643 window profile 154
Index 811

polyvinylcinnamate 273 product

polyvinylidenefluoride 312-313, 381, 499, 609, lifetime 648
674, 755 safety 581
polyvinyltoluene 19 production 750
pore 548, 755, 765 product-package interaction 644
volume 646 profile
porosimetry 765 extrusion 723
porosity 278, 619, 656, 755, 765 measurement 285
porphyrins 14 profiling 241
positive profilometer 286
hole 552 prohesion test 758
resist 361 prooxidant 419, 593
positron annihilation spectroscopy 315, 337, 652 propagating sites 611
post production stress 741 propagation 410
potassium rate 492
permanganate 419 property change 225
persulfate 419 propionic acid 381
potentiometric titration 334 propylene segment 374
powder coating 605, 609 prosthetic
power conversion efficiency 676 device 629
pozzolanic 628 polymer 328
precipitation 64, 99, 118 prosthetics 241
gauge 99 protection 337, 646
precision aperture 91 degree 656
preservation 762 barrier 549, 610
plan 764 coating 500, 592, 594, 638
pressure 587, 630 effect 687
difference 174 function 648
sensitive tape 667 layer 249, 317, 619, 726
primary organic material 559
amine 389 proton transfer 390
filter 92 pulp 309, 663
primer 582, 588, 696, 759 pulse
adhesion 695 duration 469
uptake 694 generator 180
principal component analysis 380 punched hole method 326
principle of degradation 3 puncture resistance 636
printed matter 194 Pyramide de Louvre 500
prints 619 pyranometer 90, 91, 96
prism spectrograph 92 pyrheliometer 91, 96
pristine matrix 374 pyrrole 253, 389
probability of collision 81 Q
processing 489, 645
Q-Lab 179
aids 674
Q-SUN 172-173, 178
history 719
quantitative analysis 282
technique 459
quantum
efficiency 220, 555
812 Index

theory 1 spectral distribution 167

yield 41-42, 45, 302-303, 428-429, 484, 560 spectrum 196
quartz sterilization 512, 646
containers 213 wavelength 1, 44, 108, 226, 250, 253, 303,
glass barrel 213 586, 643, 664, 688, 693
vial 333 radiationless
quencher 12-13, 19, 21, 46, 306 conversion 11
diffusion rate 13 transition 14
quenching 12, 27, 459, 660 radiative
efficiency 13 conversion 13
process 46 deactivation pathway 551
rate constant 13 emission 53
sphere 13 energy 156, 510
quinomethane structure 458 flux 50
quinone methide 693 transfer 15
quinone structure 361 radical 32, 36, 157, 300, 309
QUV 172-173, 179, 181-182, 238, 241, 280, anion 436
302, 309, 321, 452, 493, 513, 549, 562, 571, cation 436
586, 592, 611, 629, 637, 643, 671, 680, 696, composition 550
722-723 concentration 426, 494
R consumption 302
decay 301, 460, 550
rack 171, 174
assay 507
angle 142
formation 460, 494, 505, 553, 555
black box 143
rate 301
inclination 136
generator 30
instrumental panel/door panel 143
instability 460
offset design 141
lifetime 301
salt spray 144
mechanism 38, 300
standard 138
migration 388
sun-tracking 144
process 683
under glass 142
reaction chain 552
variable angle 142, 144
scavenger 569, 656
radar 58
scavenging 473
radiant energy 146, 223, 226, 552
species 353
flow rate 688
signal 157
radiant flux 262
structure 488
radiation 49, 221
transport 507
absorbed 131
type 300
angle of incidence 130, 176
radical-radical recombination 484
dose 126, 590
radiograph 310
energy 2, 450, 452, 665
radiometer 90, 95
filters 169
radionuclides 100
intensity 4, 45, 171, 182, 445
radiosonde 58
measurement 89
radon 100
screening 556
railway track 747
sensor 90
rain 64, 99, 154, 234, 257, 371, 491, 493, 563,
source stability 163
Index 813

600, 619, 694 recycled material 573

rainfall 49, 52, 126, 249, 615 recycling 434, 512, 563, 581, 644, 719-720, 724
duration 119 red
intensity 628 cedar 205
rainwater penetration 628 diazo pigment 400
Raman 282 disperse dye 681
microscopy 251, 298 pigment 483
shift 733 rust 756
spectral mapping 573 reference
spectroscopy 298, 389, 494, 620 equipment 170
spectrum 469 fabric 287
random walk process 15 instruments 89
ranking 235 material 128, 190
position 227 spectral distribution 113
rapid cooling 84 temperature 98, 644
Rapra 750 weathering locations 133
rate reflectance 283
coefficient 222 spectrophotometry 291, 610
controlling parameter 495 spectrum 685
limiting step 196 tandards 89
Rayleigh reflected radiation 89
law 59 reflection 95
scattering 5 loss 594
reaction 11 reflective
efficiency 213 pigment 600, 607
environment 41 specimen 171
kinetics 205 refractive index 5, 130, 253-254, 289, 331, 425-
mechanism 203 426, 493, 551, 557-558, 674
order 667 refrigerator 593, 633
probability 222 Regional Radiation Center 91
rate 45, 220, 365, 444 regiorandom 473
yield 37 regioregular 473
reactive regrind 725
dye 685 reinforced concrete 757
extrusion 452 reinforcement 610, 618, 756
gas 100 relative energy difference 735
hydrogen 569 relative humidity 119, 133, 145, 178, 498, 620
reactivity 563 control 176
rebar 618 relaxation time 741
surface 618 relaxed specimen 299
recombination 22, 35, 388, 393, 396, 457, 555 release properties 205
center 553 reliability 581, 676
rate 16 testing 226
reaction 268, 553 removable paint 726
recovery 595 repair 581
recrystallization 611 replacement frequency 581
recyclate 719, 721
814 Index

replicates 128, 204 material 142, 197, 321, 420, 666

specimens 170 membrane 496, 666, 665, 668
reprocessing 218, 460 root causes 218
reproducibility 178 rotating rack 170, 172, 174
resaturant 666 rotational state 9
residence time 65, 72 rotomolded article 643
residual rotting 623
catalyst 202, 414 roughness 283, 285, 316, 629, 651
monomer 302, 360 routine testing 154
property 220 Royston 119
radiation 166 rubber 106, 194, 311, 514, 521, 612
shift factor 126 membranes 667
solvent 256 particles 326
stabilization 720 rural area 62
strength 615 rust 756
stress 326, 445, 642, 659, 740-741 staining 757
resin plasticization 614 rutile 245, 363, 414, 428, 553, 557, 560
resist 469, 631 crystal 659
resistance 472 Rydberg
resistivity 317 constant 54
resorcinol phthalate 643 law 54
restorative material 629 S
retained value 219
SAE 190, 193
retention 447
safe storage time 644
reversible
safety helmet 170
photobleaching 551
sag 720
process 631
Saito equation 257
reaction 550
saliva 629
reversion 672
salt 77, 373, 425, 756
rheological
crystallization 765
changes 319
migration 765
properties 320, 666
particles 135
rice hull 549
solution 618
rigid matrix 555
spray 282, 357, 500, 586, 588, 758
rigidity 480
water particles 756
ring
sample
opening 41
backing material 132
polymerization 39
blackening 657
oxidation 438
depth 353
risk of exposure 94
layout 138
Rockwell hardness 328
morphology 205
rod-like 41
oxidation 307
roof 668
position 133
coating system 629
preparation 195, 201, 213, 291
performance 197
rack 138, 177
roofing 483, 624, 633
stretching 738
industry 665
temperature 178
Index 815

test method 277 second law of photochemistry 6

thickness 132, 207, 248, 252, 258, 307, 354, secondary
491 ion mass spectrometry 304, 623
sampling 208 processes 32
sand 549, 756 reaction 518
sandstone 619 security printing 638
sapphire 205 seed imperfections 212
satellite 51, 58, 94, 423, 424, 588 segment migration 452
surface 588 segmental
sausage casing 664 mobility 203, 268
savanna burning 73 reactivity 264
saw dust 452 segmentation 285
scale up 153 self-cleaning
scanning fabric 689
acoustic microscopy 282, 606 process 631
electron microscopy 242, 278, 329-330, property 562
614, 620, 650, 680, 695, 738 surface 623
force microscopy 282, 329 self-healing 273-274
method 96 properties 592
scattering 60, 64 semi-conductor properties 555
effect 283 semi-crystalline
Schott glass 91 material 310
Schrdinger equation 9 plastics 748
scientific interpretation 282 polymer 733
scission product 437 sensitive segment 390
scrap 727 sensitized reaction 47, 463, 488
scratch 285, 601, 755 sensitizer 21, 40, 71, 302, 463, 489, 553, 676,
resistance 326-327, 513, 599, 659, 672 680
scratching 326 SEPAP 172, 174, 176-177, 262, 377, 450, 549,
screening 560 571, 722
effect 508, 561, 651, 657-658 separation rate 484
efficiency 554 service
screw speed 213 life 601, 623, 642, 759
scrubbing 256 performance 219
sculpture 390 severity 86, 198
sea water 600, 615, 642 scale 764
droplet 600 shade 600
sealant 181, 193, 224, 241, 277-278, 322, 327- shadowband 92
328, 440, 505, 572, 668, 670, 757 shadowing effect 649
pores 278 Shanghai Banking Corporation Building 500
season 74, 81, 128 shear 272
seasonal variation 55, 62, 125, 127, 688 strength 327, 582, 671, 757
seat yielding 744
cushion 595 shearing forces 558
foam 596 sheathing 692
upholstery 595 shelf life 676
seawater 758 shift factor 243
816 Index

shingle 667 beam 338

ship 620, 634, 756 test 748
building 584 molecule imaging 286
shipping 136 photon excitation 43
shopping bags 294 polymer chain 286
Shore hardness 328 screw extruder 213
short singlet 687
chain branch content 745 excited state 38, 71, 439, 473
circuit 630 oxygen 30, 71, 76, 381, 413, 442, 473, 489,
lived radical 302 552, 555, 676-677, 681
shrinkage 79, 255, 267, 383, 587, 670 formation 15
stress 756 generation 687
side chain 379, 631 quencher 288
cleavage 603 sensitizing 676
peroxide 437 quenching 678
side group 22, 37, 359 sensitizer 676
siding 141, 148, 172, 333, 493, 557, 673, 674, state 11, 20, 478
698 quencher 400
silane 373, 505, 582, 629 singlet-to-triplet transition 46
layer 373 single-walled carbon nanotube 550
primer 506 SiSi bond breakage 505
silica 446, 547-548 site elevation 148
filler 446 size exclusion chromatography 247
layer 312 sizing 663
nanoparticles 659 skin 272, 509
surface 550 skin layer 309
type 548 skinning process 671
silicate paint 697 sky cover 109
silicon 312 Sky Radiation 89
atom 396 skylights 278, 627
siliconalkoxide 634 sliding properties 472
silicone 278, 331, 503, 506, 591, 633, 638, 670 slip line theory 739
coating 399 slow
composite 506 crack growth 751
oxidation 300 strain 397
polyacrylate 659 testing 737
prosthetics 506 SmartDamper 173
rubber 317, 630 smog 69
sealant 670-671, 756 Snell's law 4
silk 621, 679 snow 61, 93, 99
silk fibroin 689 soft block 266-267
silsesquioxane 659 softdrinks 750
similarity softening time 750
degree 650 softwood 663, 693
principle 153 soil
single burial 337, 485
cantilever 747 component 637
Index 817

pH 68 sonic velocity 318

soiling 668 sorption 319
solar South Pole 109-110
cell 379, 472, 674-675 soya 419
material 281 soybean-oil glyceride 38
collector 289, 632, 638, 674 space 310, 312
constant 51, 52 application 506
cut off 59, 112, 166, 197, 367, 396, 399 conditions 587
degradation environment 279, 312
depth 692 program 587
energy 58, 692 shuttle 424, 470, 587
control 599 suits 620
Eye 170 vehicle 423, 592
influx 64 spacecraft 470, 512
irradiance 675 exposure 179
luminosity 52 orbiting 424
position 93 spacially patterned photoirradiation 464
radiation 56, 63, 139, 168, 396-397, 410, Spearman coefficient 227
417, 429, 674 specific
data 129 free energy 315
simulating devices 176 surface energy 743
reflectance 483, 561, 668 specimen 201, 213
spectral regions 54 definition 214
spectrum 53, 155, 168 dimensions 204
tracker 91 heating 171
transmittance 289 holder 174
wind 51, 55-56 position on rack 136
zenith angle 58 preparation 321
Solarbox 178 rack 137, 169
SolarClimatic 176 shape 204
solarization 142 thickness 207, 248
solid state 213 spectral
solubility 81, 361 absorption 221, 657
parameter 732, 734-735 analysis 402
distance 735 balance 114
switch 400 irradiance 221, 498
solution 71, 202, 220 lines 7
solvatochromic shift 45 overlap integral 46
solvent 15, 19, 20, 45, 202, 425, 427, 435, 479, power distribution 165
488-489, 496, 564-565, 570, 644, 731 quantum yield 221
diffusion 738 range 472
evaporation 78, 255, 741 response 733
penetration 733 sensitivity 156-157, 351, 367, 472, 482
polarity 21 transmittance 289
purification 204 spectrum strength 561
traces 203, 609 spherical voids 616
type 565
818 Index

spherulite 310, 512, 734 state of matter 46

crystallization 270 static
radius 270 convection 171
size 444 dissipation 643
spherulitic structure 269 electricity 211, 588
spin 11, 30 mechanism 12
inversion 11 statistical uncertainty 219
spin-orbit interaction 14 stearic acid 548
spiropyrans 41 steel 312, 317
splitting 420 Stefan-Boltzmann Law 53
spray 173, 178, 242 steric
cabinet 756 exclusion chromatography 331
rate 174 hindrance 29, 41, 81, 458, 492
spruce 694-696 reason 492
sputtering 400, 598 sterically hindered amines 569
stability 400 sterilization 470, 642
stabilization 391, 452 Stern-Volmer
effectiveness 297 equation 13
mechanism 306 kinetics 12
time 569 relationship 46
stabilizer 63, 225-226, 242, 351, 253, 263, 357, sticky layer 619
378, 399, 439, 547, 553, 559, 649, 656, 675, stiffness 318, 428, 640
724 constant 318
adsorption 446 stilbene 40, 395
concentration 304 stoichiometric quantity 757
depletion 719, 723 stone 619, 761
efficiency 304, 656 classification scheme 762
fate 447 chip resistance 659
loss 174, 598 chipping 257, 326
retention 174 degradation 765
stabilizing mechanism 419 loss 764
stable monument 363, 761
light source 622 preservation 619
radical 301 surface 628
stackable film 250 weathering 761
stacked film 247 simulation 762
stain 358, 657, 697, 756 storage 521, 642, 645
staining 601, 645, 670 modulus 597
stainless steel implant 642 time 644
standard 133, 149 StoreLight 168
lamp 95 strain 459, 733, 740, 742
practices 190 gauge 326
standard rack 138, 140 rate 280, 737, 741
standing water 139 stratopause 56
stannous octoate 572-573 stratosphere 55-59, 65-70, 74-75
star amphiphilic triblock copolymer 39 stray light 93
starch 419, 550
Index 819

strength 428, 719 sulfonamide 632

retention 288 sulfone group 310
stress 49, 197, 292, 301, 329, 393, 397, 413, 418, sulfonic acid ester plasticizer 498
429, 441, 445, 459, 479, 486-487, 583, 596, sulfur dioxide 74, 84, 100, 102, 413, 466-468,
603, 610-611, 616, 633, 646, 662, 674, 679 602, 628, 636
center 671 concentration 623
compressive 79 sulfuric acid 383, 602
concentration 597 concentration 602
corrosion 595 summer 58, 61, 70, 72, 81, 125, 155, 598, 601
cracking 434 exposure 688
cracking 429, 595 sun 50
decay 741 concentration of elements 54
dissipation 741 glasses 93
distribution 79, 272, 279, 322 hours 506
factors 630 radiation 634
formation 647 radiative emission 54
gradient 741 sunrays 27, 29
intensity factor 739-740, 742 sunroof seal 598
internal 78 sunscreen 93, 550
level 227, 611, 659 formulation 629
pattern 741 sunshine
relaxation 79, 267, 741-742 duration 116
stressed conditions 597 possible 116
stress-strain 322 Sunshine carbon arc 158, 232-233, 238
stretching device 298 sunshine duration 96
structural sunspots 51
adhesive 582 Suntest 170, 172-174, 177
element 733 sun-tracking device 144
rearrangement 40 supermolecular order 684
Stylometer 327 superoxide 436
styrene 353, 368, 502, 521, 590 surface 354, 404, 491, 610, 640
acrylonitrile copolymer 352, 356, 502-503, analysis 584
509, 561, 732 appearance 670
butadiene rubber 519, 561-562 area 548, 555, 559, 651
butadiene styrene block copolymer 320, buffing 95
381, 464, 512, 520-521, 573, 665-666 capping 287
ethylene-co-butylene-styrene block change 255, 282
copolymer 381, 464, 512-513, 573 coating 399, 560, 674
monomer 304 composition 125, 605
segments 352 contamination 313
submarine power cables 692 corrosion 278
submicron periodic structures 279 crack 269, 756
substrate 205 cracking 256, 267, 322, 452, 479, 514, 612,
adhesion 582 663, 670, 674
contamination 205 crazing 662
sugar palm fiber 617 damage 329
sulfide 310 defects 739, 755
820 Index

deposit 211 swell ratio 719-720

deterioration 232 swelling 611, 756
embrittlement 452 swimming pool chemicals 148
energy 315 swollen structure 689
erosion 245, 249, 279, 424, 471, 591, syndiotactic 444, 450, 492
649-650 polymer 444
etching 286, 464 syndiotacticity 492
feature 284 synergy 271, 548, 561
finish 63, 205 synthesis 27
free energy 584 T
friction 408
Taber abrasion 327
imperfection 212, 356
tabletop 181
layer 260, 356, 404, 548-549, 557, 661, 663,
instruments 171
693, 725, 737
xenon arc 181
thickness 310
tacticity 375
mapping 761
talc 376, 446, 451, 548
modification 445, 459, 584
tangent modulus 724
morphology 329, 648
tape 204, 268, 328
observations 94
target environment 593
oxidation 513, 661
tarpaulins 596-597, 607
oxygen 604
taste 634
passivation 424
taut tie molecule 268, 413
preparation 582, 584, 648
tautomerism 41
profilometer 327
tear strength 327, 595, 638, 677
properties 555
temperate
rearrangement 461
climate 196
relief formation 464
zone 194
renewal 371, 493
temperature 45, 49, 65, 80, 82, 97, 105, 116, 126,
roughening 256, 582
131, 133, 137, 139, 145, 171, 182, 185, 195,
roughness 130, 273-274, 278, 284, 288,
204-206, 221, 224, 243, 256, 289, 300, 302,
292, 329-330, 357, 513, 640, 649-651, 659,
314, 332, 336, 361, 365, 373, 379, 383, 398-
692, 723
399, 413, 425, 441-442, 444, 450, 460, 463,
scratch 601
468, 485, 488, 494-495, 513, 518, 555, 557,
self-cleaning 561
582, 593, 597, 600, 602, 610-612, 616, 626,
shrinking 249
630, 636, 640, 653, 665, 675, 677, 680, 692,
strength 768
719-720, 742-743, 756
stress 612
control 154, 170, 172, 178
temperature 764
cycle 197
distribution 765
difference 172
tension 585, 757
distribution 58, 81
texture 283
extreme 117
transition temperature 274
fluctuating 105
wetness 139
gradient 765
wetting 316
map 765
surfactant 746
mean 117
suspended solids 180
range 171
sustainable process 726
rapid change 600
Index 821

regulation 171 degradation 223, 245, 307, 366, 405, 410,

resistance 595 414, 437, 441, 480, 493-494, 517, 552,
shock 86 564-565, 573, 584, 666-667, 734
uniformity 172 kinetics 366
tensile load 667
creep 338, 750 diffusivity 63
rupture 748 energy 50, 417, 450
failure strain 374 absorption 242
impact strength 644 expansion 78, 321, 595, 741
properties 213, 444 coefficient 610, 674
strain 252 fatigue 197, 413
strength 105-106, 223, 225, 250-252, 318, history 204, 351, 496
321-322, 324, 328, 331, 357, 390, 418, 434, insulating properties 646
436, 441, 451-452, 463, 469-470, 474, methods 319
505-506, 521, 549-550, 560, 562-563, 567, oxidation 433, 448, 720
570, 614, 621, 629, 666, 677, 680, 686, 692, product 387
697, 725, 738, 748 rate 415
retention 608-609, 635, 678 time 494
stress 252, 268, 413, 615, 733, 750 oxidative lifetime 226
testing 287, 393 photooxidation rate 734
terahertz time-domain spectroscopy 419 properties 318
termination 410, 444 response 132
terminology 190 sensitizer 552
termistor 90 stability 434, 470, 472, 565, 616, 630, 724
terrestrial light 400 stabilization 447
tertiary stabilizer 203-204, 356, 493, 497, 563, 568
carbon 370, 374, 382, 432 treatment 201, 351, 565, 680
hydrogen 502, 508 thermochromic shift 45
hydroperoxide 517 thermocouple 98, 131
testing thermodegradative process 488, 611
cost 170 thermodynamic equilibrium 611
manual 136 thermograph 97
protocol 628 thermojunction 90
volume 178 thermolysis 583
tetrahydrofuran 31, 203, 493, 565 thermometer 97
textile 224, 287, 293, 390, 569, 619, 676 thermooxidation 106, 378, 405, 444-445, 665
industry 277, 287 process 450
material 402, 676 thermopile 89, 90
textural analysis 452 thermoplastic 227, 731
texture 263, 284 elastomers 513
roughness 284 olefins 513
thermal polyurethane 393
analysis 222 thermosensitive composite 32
conductivity 63, 561, 633 thermosphere 55, 65
coefficient 594 thick film 428
contraction 741 thickness 201, 226, 231, 232, 235, 354, 370, 371,
decomposition 464, 471, 722 376, 397, 445, 483, 495, 603, 629, 655
822 Index

loss 484, 660 total

measurement 285 cohesion energy 735
thilyl radical 677 effective dose 221
thin film 428, 484 energy received 226
thioesters 569 radiation 141
three point rainfall 257
bending 338, 748, 750 solar radiation 129, 138
gauge 749 toughening mechanism 326
stress 739 toughness 549, 595, 601, 638, 719
valent titanium 557 tracking resistance 630
threshold discriminator 96 transamination 608
thunderstorm 557 transesterification 608, 727
tie molecule 267, 268, 459, 733-734, 743 transformer 366
tiles 624 transition
tilt 55 metal ion 549
angle 138-139, 141, 148 metals 553
time 185, 258 probability 14
of wetness 98 state 405
series analysis 287 translational motion 15
to failure 750 transmission 262
time/temperature superposition 644 electon microscopy 268, 278, 279, 679-680
time-dependent light scattering 220 transmittance 674-675
time-lapse IR 292 transparency 253
timer 96 transparent
time-temperature superposition 417 coating 483, 561, 696
time-to-failure 217-218 composite material 551
tin silicone 506
catalyst 572 tretinoin 661
stabilizer 690 triad sequence 299
tipping-bucket 99 tribological phenomenon 281
titanates 582 trichothiodystrophy 640
titanium 202 triethyl phosphate 727
titanium dioxide 45, 245, 248, 254, 268, 297, trimethylmethane dye 683
363, 376, 413-414, 417, 420, 427, 446-448, triplet 16, 30, 306
472, 491, 493, 503, 519, 548, 552-553, 555- excited state 38
558, 560-561, 608, 623, 657-658, 660, 674, formation 687
680, 683, 690 state 11, 19-20, 473, 478
anatase 497 yield 473
catalysis 632 triplet-triplet
nano 69 annihilation 19, 44
surface 659 quenching 19
titration 300, 386, 467 tristimulus values 287
titrimetry 334 tritium 100
toluene 457, 590 trivalent phosphorus compounds 32
topcoat 483, 513, 655 tropical
crack 759 conditions 756
Toronto 110-111 fatigue 596
Index 823

forest 67 irradiance 133

rain forest 135 laser 279
tropics 65 light transmission 247
tropopause 56, 67, 70, 72 lithography 400
troposphere 55, 58-59, 65, 67-69, 72, 75-76 measurement 92
trunk seal 598 opacity 557
tryptophan 677 photooxidation 310
tubular shade 98 radiation 65, 76, 125, 197, 329, 587, 602,
turbidity 100 611-612, 626, 631, 756
turbulent flow 565 intensity 146, 223
turmeric 621 wavelength 292, 419
tyrosine 677 range 89
U screener 390, 447, 493, 557, 690
sensitive binder 658
ultimate elongation 211
shielding effect 428, 617
ultra-accelerated concentrating device 179
solar radiation 138, 139
Ultra-Accelerated Exposure Testing 146
spectroscopy 221, 277, 290, 334
ultrafast photodegradation 213
spectrum 290
ultramarine blue 555
stability 514, 679
ultrasonic
stabilization 24
degradation 565
stabilizer 292, 333, 414, 493, 547-548, 604,
velocity 765
610, 724
ultrasound velocity 765
stable coating 759
Ultratest radiation 163
under glass exposure 143, 513
ultraviolet 1, 95, 756
unexposed side 362
absorbance 391
unfiltered radiation 156
absorber 225, 259, 291, 304, 327, 376, 378,
uniformity 213
399-400, 407, 418, 430, 433, 439-440, 447,
universal calibration procedure 331
452, 549, 586, 600, 621, 643, 652, 656, 658,
unsaturated
677-678, 688, 697
carbonyl 389
concentration 301
compounds 397
consumption 451
polyester 403, 408
longevity 291
structure 360
absorbing group 564
unsaturation 357, 361, 375, 379, 409, 411, 460,
absorption 57, 291, 390, 402, 498, 659
486, 489, 514-518, 552, 564, 643
maximum 290
formation 380
coating 329
unzipping 460
curing 254
upholstery fabric 679-680
degradation 267, 400, 423, 599
urban environment 69
resistance 643
urban locations 72
detector 331
urea
direct 113
group 596
dose 108, 149
linkage 474, 480
energy 38, 124, 139, 362, 450
urethane
energy concentration 146
acrylic 736
exposure 269
linkage 474, 480
index 59
useful life 128
intensity 100
824 Index

user needs 581 relaxation 11

UV/visible state 9, 13
radiation 291 vibronic coupling 14
spectroscopy 291 Vickers
UV2000 172, 179 hardness 328
UVA 90, 114 tester 750
UVB 90, 92, 108, 114, 572 vinyl
V chloride polymerization 488
ester resin 641
vacuo 366, 494
group 413
vacuum
siding 673
compression molding 642
Vinyl Siding Institute 673
impregnation 561
vinylene group 442
ultraviolet
vinylester 614, 615
exposure 179
vinylidene
radiation 164
absorption 375
valence band 552
group 411
valerophenone 454
unsaturation 414
van der Walls forces 212
viscoelastic materials 79
vapor
viscosity 19, 319, 320, 330, 563, 565, 670, 687,
condensation 91
694, 720
permeability 634
increase 302
pressure 65
number 687
variability
visible 1, 114
seasonal 123
light 32, 497, 621, 678, 693
year-to-year 123
range 663
variable
spectrophotometry 289
angle 141
visual evaluation 277, 278
device 142
vitamins 634
stress 583
vitamin A 643
varnish 193-194, 619, 697
void 268, 737-738, 743-744, 755
coating 484
volatile 255, 260, 304, 319, 333, 359, 368, 375,
vegetation 139
381, 388, 432, 443, 457, 459, 467, 490, 590
vehicles 637
components 333
velocity distribution 304
content 636
vermiculite bed 337
material 305
vermilion 620
organic
vertical
compound 68, 595
exposure 693
products 374
mixing 66
oxidation product 330
motion 65
volatility 565
rack 140, 141
volcanic
VibraSonic 173
eruptions 57, 74-75, 219
vibrational
deposition 76
energy level 14
voltage breakdown 317
factors 14
level 41 W
overlap integral 14 wall surface 646
Index 825

warehousing 750 wavelength 27, 60, 112, 155, 398, 566-567, 664,
warp 609 689
yarn 609 effect 363
warping 326, 420, 694 range 482, 587
warranties 128 region 494
washing 212 sensitive 366
waste 512 sensitivity 307, 391, 429
film 419 spectrum 23
treatment 719 waxing 600
utilization 506 wear 642
water 64, 268, 365, 372-373, 376, 381, 383, 386, surface 642
399, 404, 411, 429, 433-434, 457, 477, 486, weather
505, 555-557, 587, 607-608, 647, 757 conditions 49, 148
absorption 132, 313, 452, 549, 616, 765 monitoring station 133
attack 596 resistance 768
barrier 628 spills 219
water barrier 648 stability 548, 696
diffusion 614, 641 variability 127
drainage 139 weathered
elimination 385 coal 660
evaporation 64 wood 694
extraction 84 weathering 513
freezing 765 accelerated 153-154
immersion 202, 373, 671 acceleration 14
ingress 646 apparatus 175
lifetime 64 cycle 190
migration 262 device 161, 176
molecular size 582 operation 190
penetration 586, 755 parameters 107, 136
pipe 661, 662 rate 107, 328, 763-764
protection capability 619 resistance 316
repellent coating 648 sites 134
resistance 647 studies 127
sensitivity 647 test 606
sorption 316 time 181, 513, 659
spots 600 Weather-Ometer 172-173, 176-177, 181-182,
spray 84, 178, 194, 497, 549 261-262, 355, 377, 391-392, 399, 483, 490,
uptake 313-314, 568, 641, 657 493, 499, 585-586, 592, 597-598, 608, 611,
vapor 65, 602 643, 662, 694, 696, 723-724, 727, 755
adsorption 697 weatherstrip 598
permeability 768 weed control 639
transmission 316 weft 609
rate 656 weft thread 609
watercolors 619 weight
watertightness 628 change 245, 430, 625, 737
wave propagation 318 loss 84, 242, 245, 257, 393, 419, 424, 426,
434, 498, 550, 607-608, 616, 626, 649, 680,
826 Index

697 wood 195, 218, 242-243, 272, 278, 295, 303,

weld 621 309, 316, 365, 383, 483, 561, 614, 616, 619-
lines 597 620, 646, 648, 660, 692-693, 696
welding 661 chemistry 697
wet cladding 561
compression set 596 clearcoat 658
condensation 357 coating 327,s 657
cycle 195 composite 420
deposition 697 condition 694
roll coating 609 damage depth 695
time 141 degradation 620
wet/dry cycle 213 depth 365, 692
wettness 138 fiber 548, 611, 694
time 119-120, 137, 138, 224 finishes 277
wettability 316, 408, 459, 461-462, 585 flake 549
wettest flour 174, 549
city 119 frame windows 648
places 120 heat
wetting 585 treated 693
event 600 treatment 696
white rusting 277 hemicellulose 696
white standard thermometer 172 modification 696
WHO guidelines 71 particles 549, 614
wide structural changes 693
band gap 497 surface 365, 561, 648
angle x-ray scattering 271, 272 treatment 697
Wien Law 54 type 693
Wimbledon 500 variability 693
wind 207, 674, 758 wettability 693
driven debris 667 Woodward-Hoffmann rule 37
speed 174, 628 wool 327, 621, 677, 680, 686, 689
window 141, 148, 493, 599, 627, 690, 725 phototendering 677
frames 623, 698 work of adhesion 585, 586
glass 177, 679 World Health Organization 120
profile 325, 493, 567, 690 World Meteorological Organization 133
seal 597 woven fabric 390
windscreen 679 wrap composite 613
windshield 147, 594, 599 X
seal 598
XenoCal 170
wiper 598
xenon
winter 58, 61, 70, 72, 81, 105-106, 125, 127,
arc 157-160, 165, 168, 190, 232-234, 238,
141, 155, 598, 600
240, 261-262, 320, 399, 413, 419-420, 498,
wire 692
503, 568, 619, 637, 644, 658, 674, 693
wire & cable 692
device 192, 375
wiring 587
radiation 161
Wolf sunspot number 52
fadeometer 232-234, 238
lamp 168, 181, 183, 362, 652
Index 827

radiation 156 mechanism 397

Xenosensiv 169 rate 399, 503
Xenotest 169, 172-173, 177, 182, 391, 445, 484, yellowness 355
626, 637 degree 253
xerographic toner 664 index 124, 157, 253, 287-288, 376, 398, 462,
x-ray 464, 480-481, 550, 573, 642, 656, 664, 677
computed microtomography 619 yield
fluence 587 strength 393
fluorescence 665 stress 601
photoelectron spectroscopy 262, 282, yielding 738
310-312, 316, 361, 382, 420, 473, 512, 623, Youngs modulus 317, 328, 373, 452, 738
679, 757 Z
Y zenith angle 61, 72
yarn 390, 678 zeolite 727
yearly variation 111 zero order kinetics 366
yellow color 378 Ziegler-Natta 413, 417
yellowing 156, 166, 196, 243, 305, 307, 352, zinc 205
353, 356-357, 361, 386, 389, 395-397, 399, oxide 417, 452, 498, 551, 552, 556-557,
402, 436, 439, 457-458, 476, 501-503, 520, 559-560, 618, 630, 639, 660
567, 571, 600, 611, 645, 663, 677, 679, 689- zippers 193
690, 693 zwitterionic merocyanine 41