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ArbitrarySurfaceMotion:
TheWagnerFunction
Assumethattheresponsetoanarbitraryairfoilmotioninthelinearregimecanbebuiltupasasuperpositionof
responsestoaseriesofstepchangesinnormalwash.
Responseofalinearsystem:IndicialAdmittance
Applyaunitstepforce1(t)tothemassminthe+vexdirection:
Thesystemwasinitiallyinrestatunloadedequilibrium:
.
Themotionisdescribedby
Generalsolution: where
Applyingtheinitialconditions,weget: .
Thustheresponseofthelinearsystemtoaunitstepfunctionis:
.Thisiscalled"indicialadmittance".TheparticularfunctionalformofAdependsonthe
linearsystembeingconsidered.Theresponsetoanarbitraryforcef(t)canbebuiltupfromthis.
ResponseattimetoasteploadDfappliedattimet+Dtis:
Summingup,
As ,
ThisistheDuhamelintegral,intermsoftheindicialadmittanceandthederivativesoftheforcingfunction.The
forcingfunctionmaynotbeavailableinanalyticform,soweneedanalternateform:
Integratebyparts,using:
where ,sothat
,sothat
http://soliton.ae.gatech.edu/labs/windtunl/classes/unstaero/wagner/wagner.html 1/2
7/4/2016 wagner
Notethat:
Substituting,
Thusiftheindicialadmittancefunctionisknown,thesystemresponsecanbedeterminedfromthis.
IndicialAdmittanceforanairfoilinpitch+plunge:WagnerFunction
UnsteadyliftassociatedwiththeTheodorsenfunctionacsatthequarterchord,andisduetothenormalwashat
3/4chord.Takethenormalwashasastepfunction:
.TaketheFouriertransformofw:
.Circulatoryliftcoefficientis:
(takingtheinverseFouriertransform).Define asthenumberofsemichordstraveledintimet.Then
.Thiscanbewritenas wheref(s)istheWagnerfunction.
Also, .
Note:TheWagnerfunctionistheindicialadmittanceforthenormalizedcirculatoryliftassociatedwithastep
changeinnormalwashatthe3/4chord.
Thisisapproximatedbythefollowingexpressions:
.
Theseexpressionsarecomparedinthelinkedtableandfigure.
http://soliton.ae.gatech.edu/labs/windtunl/classes/unstaero/wagner/wagner.html 2/2