Fig. 2 Fig. 24 THE ISOLOC STORY Before describing the Isoloc monitoring system let us review firstly the knowtearthing practices used at present in various parts of the Western word, The upper figure of the slide depicts the well known Delta system which was commonly used on our 525 V ‘istibution systems. the Mining Industry a few years ago. This system is sill used ‘extensively in the United States of America. The advantage ofthis system is that one is able to operate the system with one earth fault present. The disadvantages are frst ly that we are not aware when this frst earth faut occurs and secondly the potential of the two healthy phases with respect to the grounded third phase are at line potential Because of these disadvantages Engineers having inherited Delta connected trans- formers decided to install low voltage neutral earthing compensator in order to provide ‘a degree of earthing and also to be able to apply some form of earth fault protection 10 the system as showr in the lower figure. These earlar type neutral earthing compen- sators have an impedance such that the earth fault current was limited to a maximum of about 100 to 115 A. With the sysiem using a neutral earthing compensator one is ow able to place earth fault protection at vanous utilisation poinis and also a back-up Protective core balance device in the star point to earth connection ofthe compensator ‘The more usual practice on our 525 V 3 phase 3 wire and 380 / 220 V 3 phase 4 wire HRC fuse and fuse holder. [Attempt to have th plant in its normal operating condition, that is with all cables ener- tse, and al utiisaton equipment running. Connect the one end of the wire to a bond cui, and the otfer to the unenergised load side terminal of one ot the phases of a protective device (circuit breaker or fuse). Now energise this arcult, Hf there was no other earth fault on the system, the HAG fuse vill remain intact, and the monitor wil show zero and signal the alarm. If there was a previous fault on another phase the 6 A fuse will blow immediately. (However, the Fronitor would have indicated whether there was a previous fault or not), With the antitcialfautton, read the current flowing through the wire, and thus, the earth fault current. This may be done with a 0- 1 A Ammotor. Itis best fo use a sensilve clip-on Ammeter; the cp - on current datector, Type 4048 is ideal for this purpose. Do not depress the "IMP IN" button at this stage as one will obtain a false reading of the capacitive currant. White observing the reading on the Ammeter, change the taps on the Petersen Coil saring at Position (COARSE 1 - FINE 1) and proceeding to (1 -8) then 2 - 1) etc. until the minimum reading is obtained. (Refer Drawing 11). i two Petersen Coils have been supplied forthe ore system change taps successively on each coiled so tat both cols are at approximately the same tapping. It should be possible to tune out the earth faut current fo below 50 mA. (There will alvays remain a residual current due to the resistive losses in the circuit Now the Petersen Cul fs luned for the ground capacitance of the eyctom and will need rho more adjustment unless the system is extended, or reduced, and in which case, tho tuning procedure reduced, and in which caso, the tuning procedure has to be repeated. ‘This uning need rot be all that exlical as an out of tune tothe extent ol +- 15% wil pro duce satisfactory esuits, With the earth faut stil on, now depress the "IMP IN" button. (The monitor will be “alarming” for as long as this fault © an). The current in the faulting wire will now increase substantally to a value between 700 mA. and 1000 mA. In practice this 1s ‘done to simplify Incating the faulty cicull. Removal of the fault will cause the fault INCREASING IMPEDANCE to drop out, the lamp to extinguish, and the monitor to reset fo "No Fault on the system8) 3) ‘The setting ofthe value of earth insulation al which the manitor wil signal the alarm is «done by positioning the indicator an the cortrol knob over the graduated cial plate on the monitor. ‘Set the adjustable alarm threshold at any desired value between the extremity of 100 and 5 ka. In the case where sensitive core balance relays are fited to individual circuits in the plant, automatic faut location is provided. Depression of the "IMP IN" button will increase the earth fatit current sufcienty to allow the relay controling the fault circut to trip. This will only happen if the resislanco of the earth fault is low enough to alow sufficient earth faut curent to flow. One must remember that since the reduced eath- ing impedance can orly “come in* whan the monitor isin the “alarmed” stale, there is a maximum setting ofthe alarm adjusting knob to be certain thal once the alarm is given, itwil merely be a case of depressing the "IMP IN" button al an opportune time, and the faulty circuit wil tip automatically Where core balance earth leakage relays are ted to individual load ctculs, oblain the ‘maximum setting of the adjustable alarm threshold from the following formula and set al any desired position below this value: ‘Maximum seting in ohms = 0.8.X Y Where Y = The nominal tripping current in amps of the least sensitive core balance relay ofall the load circuits. For a 3 phase 3 wire system °X = System line Voltage 3 and, for a single phase 2wire system X = System ine Voltage 2 CATION OF THE FAULTY CIRCUIT a 2) Without sensitive core balance relays fted to individual load circuits: Depress and rolease the “IMP IN" button: this will increase the current inthe fault and will maintain it thus. the faulty crcuit may be found by successively opening and cos- ing the circuits until the faulty one is located. Once the fault has been removed, the fault increasing impedance will drop out With sensitive core balance relays fitted to allindividual circuits: Depress and release the "IMP IN" button ; the faulty circuit will automatically tip and isolate the fault. The fault increasing impedance will aulomaticaly drop out and the monitor will eset WHEN THE FAULT CANNOT BE LOCATED BY THE ABOVE MEANS.Bear in mind that the monitor measures the earth insulation of the whole system, including the power transformer, star point ofthe transformer, busbars, ot. If the fault cannot be located in one of the load circuits, check thatthe overvaltage and short circulting deve has not operated and thereby solidly earthing the star point of the system. this can only be cone safely by removing the HT. ‘Supply to the transformor and inspecting the overvattage and short circuiting switch, Ian earth fault is suspected in the switchboard or contol board, fist remove tha sup: ply to the board, disconnect the connection between the monitor and the star point of tha system. (These are the leads connected 10 Terminal No. 1 of the monitor) Disconnect also, tho Petersen Cail from the system, it has been fitted. Now, by pro- ‘gressive isolation o various sections of the board, and with the judicious use of a 1000 V de. insulation tested, the faulty component may be located. Do not omit to check earthing reactors for earth faults, as well as the Petersen Coll. Check thal the earth fault increasing impedance is free of earth fauls and thatthe 40 microfarad capacitor is ‘ot shot circuited internally. CAUTION ‘The capacttors are rated af 400 V ac., or 700 V dc, Do not apply a 1000 V dc. insula- tion tested directly across the two terminal, To check thatthe Monitor isnot at faut, remove all the leads connected to Terminal No. of the monitors. Apply ts excitation. I at this stage the ohmmeter reads infinity, and its reads zero and the alarm lamp illuminates when the TEST button is depressed, then ‘there is no fault within the Monitor. MAINTENANCE ‘Tho equipment requires no maintenance other than an inspection of accessible term nal connections to ensure that they are tht A periodic depression of the TEST button to check the calibration of the Ohmmeter and to ensure that the instrument is energised, is advisable. This can be cone at any time~ while in service. Provided the monitor is energised itis self monitoring and will alarm if ever a fault should develop. REPAIRS Auxiliary Equipment Allitems ofthe earthing reactors, the Petersen Coil, Earhing Resistors and Capacitors, are all marked and itis @ simple matter to obtain replacements from the supplier by ‘doseribing the item and quoting the type number or reference number ‘Overvoltage Suppressor and Short Circuit SwitchA short circuited overvaltage and short circuiting device may be recharged on site. The recharge assembly may be ordered tram the supplier by quoting the type of the device, fg. DISNEUTER TYPE LDS 250, or LDS 4.0 or LDS 660. The repair instructions are attached separately, and in any event, another set of instructions will be enclosed in the packing of the recharge assembly. Before commencing to repair, ascertain and correct the source of the high voltage which caused the device to short circuit. And before commencing to repair, make sure that all supply tothe transtormer has been removed, {Insulation Manitor ‘This unit has a high factor of rolabilty and its design has been proven by many years ‘of successtul trouble ‘tee operation in Europe. However, ike all electrical apparatus tused for a complex manitaring function, and then in tur to relay to an external crcut, ‘damage can be caused to the unit arising from external sources, Damage to the moniter could arise out of a short circuited external alarm circuit. In this case it may necessilale replacing one ofthe plug-in relays. A aulted 47 000 ohm reactor could cause overvoltages to be applied to the solid state circuitry. If at any time the moniter does not read “infiity" when all external connections are removed from Terminal No. 1, oF does not read "zero" and alarm when the test button is depressed, it can be assumed that the unit has been damaged. (Thal is provided the ‘excitation supply to the unit is presont), Belore attempting to locate the laut, disconnect the unit from external connections and remove completely from the board. Examine for faults in congenial workshop premis- ‘es, To assist inthis examination refer to the drawings supplied. ‘The compte unit may be retuned to the supplier for repair. If suticient facies aro available on site, and with reasonable skill the unt may be easily cismantled, and the faully components can be replaced by the suppliecIf the damage isin the printed panel itis advisable to unplug the complete card and return to the supplier for repair. ELECTRICAL PROTECTION GO (PTY LIMITED. F/T AUGUST 1983,otiswhy aia seen sara stv) oper! scsi soy soy! 3eAL ‘auiyly OOL 250%) Sov! 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