OXFORD

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Exce ence
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OXFORD

Exam
Exce ence
Contributors and consultants
Danuta Gryca, Poland
Joanna Sosnowska, Poland
Russell Whit eh ead , UK
Zsuzsan na Nyir6, Hungary
Danica Gondova , Slovak ia
Eva Paulerova , Czech Republic
Victor N. Sim kin, Russia
Cvjetanka Bozan ic, Croatia

OXFORD
UN IVE RS IT Y PR E SS
 Introduction 6

Unit 1 Skill Task I Time Score Your notes

Fa mi ly life Reading 8 o Gap fill (missing ph rases) .... 25 min - / 10

Listening 9 o Ide nt ifying statem en ts mad e .. 20 m in - /5

Use of English 9 o Wo rd fo rma t io n ga p f ill .... 45 mi n - /6

Writing 10-11 o Writ ing a n e ma il .. 3 5 m in
o Wr it ing an info rmal letter .. SS min
Speaking 11-12 o Situationa l role -pla y .... 25 m in
o Picture-based d iscussion .... 20 min
Listening 13 o True/Fa lse statements " 15 min - /6

Use of English 13 o Multiple-choice gap fill 35 m in - 17

Reading 14 o Multiple-ch oice questions 30 min - /4

Writing 16 o Writing a n argumentative essay 80 min

Speaking 1617 o Picture-based discuss ion 30 min

o Debate 25 min

Unit 2 Skill Task / Time Score Your notes

People and Reading 18 o Mat chin g True /False sta teme nt s t o pa rag ra p hs .... 35 min - /8
society
Listening 19 o Fa ctu al e rro r co rrect ion " 15 min - /8

Use of English 20 o Word fo rmat io n ga p fill .... 30 min - /8

Writing 21 o Wr it ing an inf o rmal letter .... 90 min
Speaking 21-22 o Situ at ion a l ro le -pla y .. 2S min
o Picture-ba sed d iscussio n .... 30 min
Reading 24 o Missing se ntences ..... 30 m in - /5
Listening 25 o Matching speakers to statements 2S min - /8

Use of English 25 o Open d oz e " 25 min - /8

Writing 26 o Writ ing a student magaz ine article 80 min

Speaking 26-27 o Picture-based discussion 40 m in

o Debate ..... 20 min
Unit 3 Skill Task /Time Score Your notes
Shops and Reading 28 o Multi ple -cho ice sta t e ments .... 35 min /5
services
Listening 29 o Identifying st ate me nts ma de .... 25 min /5

Use of English 30 o Mult iple-choice g a p fill .... 25 min /8

Writing 31 o Writi ng an a rgu me nt ative essa y .... 75 min

Speaking 3132 o Situational role-p lay .... 30 min
o Pict ure -based discussion .... 20 min
Reading 34 o True/Fa lse statements 25 min /8

Listening 35 o Filling in a form 40min 17

Use of English 35 o Open doze .. 25 min /8

Writing 36 o Writ ing a letter of co mplaint 75 min

Speaking 36-37 o Pict ure -based d iscussion 25 min

o De bat e 20 min

Use t he Stu dy Dia ry to plan and keep t rack o f your exam prepa ration . Tick ./ each se ct io n
2 STUDY DIAR Y
you have com pleted. Recor d your sco re . Make not e s that help you improve yo u r results.
 Unit 4 Skill Task ITime Score Your notes
Home Reading 38 o Mi ssing sentences .... 35 min - /5
Listening 39 o Matching information .... 15 min - 17

Use of English 39 o M ultiple-choice gap fill ... 20 min - /8

Writing 40-41 o Writing an email .... 40 min

o Writing an informal letter .... 70 min
Speaking 4142 o Situational role-pla y .... 25 min
o Picture-based discussion .... 40 min
Reading 44 o Multiple match ing 30 min - /9
Listening 45 o Tru e/False sta tements 20 min - 17

Use of English 46 o Ed it ing (word search) 40 min - / 10

Writing 46 o W riti ng a st ud ent magaz ine art icle . 80 min

Speaking 47 o St atistics-based discussion 30 m in

o Deb ate .... 10 min
Unit 5 Skill Task I Time Score Your notes
Nature Reading 48 o Mul tipl e mat ching .... 35 min - /6

Listening 49 o Factua l erro r co rrect io n .... 40 min - /6

Use of English 50 o Multip le-cho ice g ap fi l l .... )0 min
- /8

Writing SO-51 o W ri ti ng a leaflet .... 30 min

o W rit ing a formal let ter .... 70 min
Speaking 5152 o Situati on al role-play .... 40 min
o Pict ure-b ased di scussion .... 50 min
Reading 54 o Mi ssing sentences I 40 min - /5
Listening 55 o Identifying t rue state me nts 35 min - /8
Use of English 55 o Verb form gap f ill 30 min - / 10

Writing 56 o Writing a discursive essay SOmin

Speaking 5657 o Pict u re-b ased discussion 25 min
o Debat e 40 min

Unit 6 Skill Task ITime Score Your notes

School Reading 58 o Matching headings to paragraphs '" 35 min
- /8

Listening 59 o Completing notes .... 30 min

- /6

Use of English 59 o Word f orm at ion gap f ill .... 40 min - /8

Writing 60-61 o Writing an in vit atio n ... 45 min
o Writing an informa l letter .... 70 min
Speaking 62 o Situational ro le-pla y .... 35 min
o Pictu re-based discussion .... 35 min

Reading 64 o M issin g sente nces ~ 30 min

- /4

Listening 6 5 o Matching statem ent s t o speake rs .. 25 min - /5

Use of English 65 o Op en d oze ... 30 min - /9

Writing 66 o Wr iting an arg um entati ve essay '" 90 min

Speaking 66-67 o Picture-ba sed di scussion 35 min
o Debate .... 20 min

Use the Study Diary to p lan and keep t rack of yo u r exam p rep ar at ion . Tick ./ each section
5TUDY DIA RY 3
you have completed . Record you r score . M ake notes t hat he lp you improve your r esu lt s.
 Unit 7 Skill Task I Time Score Your notes
Work Reading 68 o Missing sente nces ~ 35 min - 17

Listening 69 o Mu ltipl e mat chin g ~ 20 min - /5

Use of English 70 o Ope n d oze ~ 35 min - /8

Writing 70 o Wr it ing a fo rmal letter ~ 75 min

Speaking 71-72 o Situationa l rol e-pl ay ~ 35 min
o Picture-based d iscussion ~ 35 min
Reading 74 o Multiple-choice statements 35 min - /5

listening 75 o M atching statements to speakers ..... 20 min - /8

Use of English 76 o Banked gap f ill I- 25 min - /8

Writing 77 o Writi ng a fo rmallette rljob application ..... 70 min

Speaking 77 o Pict ure-based discussion 20 min

Unit 8 Skill Task I Time Score Your notes
Health Reading 78 o Gap fi ll (missing phrases) ... 30 min - /8

Listening 79 o M ultiple-choice st ate ments "' 2 5 min - 17

Use of English 80 o Open doze ... 2S min - /8

Writing 80 o W riting an i nforma l letter ~ 8 0 m i n

Speaking 81-82 o Situ ati onal role -pl ay ~ 20 min
o Pictur e-based discussion ... 25 min
Listening 83 o Compl eting not es ~ 20 min - /8

Use of English 83 o Mu ltiple-cho ice gap fi ll ~ 15 min - /8

Reading 84 o Ordering paragraph s ~ 40 min - 17
Writing 86 o Writi n g a letter from the editor (of a st udent mag azin e)
, .. 60 min

Speaking 86-87 o Pict ur e-based discussion 20 min

o Debat e 25 min

Unit 9 Skill Task I Time Score Your notes

Sport Reading 88 o Mi ssing sent ences .... 40 min - /6
Listening 89 o Mult iple-choice state men ts .... 25 min - /5
Use of English 90 o Jumbled sentences ~ 20 min - /8
Writing 90-9 1 o Writing an email .... 35 min
o Writ ing an informal letter .... 75 min
Speaking 91-92 o Situationa l ro le-play ... 25 min
o Picture-based discussion .... 20 min
Reading 93 o True/False sta te ments 35 min - /6

Listening 94 o Completing not es 45 min - /6

Use of English 94 o Wo rd form at ion gap f ill "". 40 min - /8
Writing 95 o W ri t ing an argument at ive essay ..... 80 min

Speaking 96-97 o Picture-based di scussion 25 min

o Debat e .... 20 min

Use th e St ud y Diary to pl an and keep t rack of you r exam prepa ration . TIck ./ each section
4 STUDY DIA RY
yo u have com plete d. Record your score . Make notes t hat help yo u im prove your results.
 Unit 10 Skill Task I Time Score Vour notes
Free t im e Reading 98 o Mi ssin g sente nces ~ 30 min - 17
and culture
Listening 99 o Tru e/ False state me nts ~ 3S min - /6

Use of English 100 o Banke d ga p f ill ~ 25 min - /8

Writing 100-101 o W rit ing an ema il .. 25 min

o Writ ing an informa l lette r " 65 min
Speaking 102 o Situational role-play .... 35 m in
o Picture-based discussion " 25 min
Reading 104 o Gap fi ll (m issing phr ases) .... 3S min - /6

Listening 105 o M at chin g sta tements t o speakers " 40 min - /5

Use of English 105 o Open doze ~ 25 min - / 10

Writing 106-107 o Writ ing a boo k review (op t ion 1) . . 70 min

o W rit ing a lit erary essay (o ption 2) .. 70 min

Speaking 107 o Statistics-based discussion ..... 30 min

Unit 11 Skill Task I Time Score Vou r notes
Travel Reading 108 o True/False statem ents ~ 50 min - /8

Listening 109 o Multiple-choice statements " 25 min - /6

Use of English 110 o Ad jective/adverb form gap fill .... 20 min - / 11
Writing 111 o W rit ing an argumenta t ive essay " 90 min
Speaking 111-112 o Situational role -play .. 40 min
o Pict ure-based discussion .... 35 min
Reading 114 o M ult ip le-cho ice state ments .... 35 min - /4
listening 115 b Com plet ing statements ..... 30 min - /5

Use of English 116 o Banked gap f ill ..... 20 min - /8

Writing 116 o W rit ing a student mag azine ertlcfe js- 90 min
Speaking 117 o Sta t istics-based d iscussio n 30 min
o Deb at e ~ 30 min
Unit 12 Skill Task I Time Score Vour notes
Science and Reading 118 o Ma t ching sum ma ry state ments " 40 min - /6
technology
Listening 119 o Multip le matching " 25 min - /8
Use of English 120 o Word f ormat ion gap fi ll ..... 30 min - /8
Writing 120 o W rit ing a stude nt mag azine article " 65 min
Speaking 121-122 o Situational role -play ..... 30 min
o Pictu re-based discussio n .. 40 min
Listening 123 o True/False stateme nts ~ 35 min - / 10
Use of English 123 o Edit ing (word search) .. 40 min - /6

Reading 124 o Multi ple -choice state ments " 35 min - /5

Writing 126 o Writi ng a di scursive essay " 70 min

Speaking 126-127 o Pict ure-based discussion ..... 25 min
o Deba t e .... 20 min
Speaking Bank 128

Writing Bank 131

Word Bank 141

Smart answer key 158

Use the Stud y Diary to pl an and keep track of your exam prepa rat ion . Tick -/ each section
STU DY DIARY 5
you have completed . Record your score. M ake not es that hel p you improve your results.
What is Oxford Exam Excellence?
Oxford Exam Excellence is an int ensive training co urse
to prepare for seco ndary scho o l ex ams .
There are 12 uni ts which provide practice and
exam tasks in Readin g, Listen ing, Use of English,
Writing an d Speaking.
All of these skills are practised at BI ievel (of th e
Commo n European Framework), and each unit also
con tains ext ra practice of all skills for students who
want to take an exam at a higher level (B2/C l).
Each unit is o rganis ed aro und a ce ntral topic,
wh ich is the n explored from a variety of different
viewpoints.
The book also has a referen ce section with a
Writing Ban k, a Speaking Ban k and a Word Bank .
The Smart answer key at th e back of the book
exp lains why th e right answers are correct or why th e
others are wrong.
Oxford Exam Excellence com es with its own Smart
Audio CD, which contains all the recordings for th e
listen ing tasks.
What is in a Unit?
Every uni t explores one broad topi c, for example,
'Fam ily life'. Each section looks at this topic from a
sligh tly different point of view.
All sectio ns con ta in practi ce exe rcises wh ich
always lead to an exa m tas k. Also included are
useful tips o n how to st udy for the exam , on how
to do cer tain exa m tas k types, and on im po rta nt
language po ints.
Th e var ious skills section s are usually featured in
the follow ing ord er:
Read ing
Listen ing
Use of English
Writi ng
Spea king
At the en d of eac h u ni t, yo u will find ext ra practi ce
exercises an d exam tasks to prepare yo u for exa ms
at a hi gh er level. Th ese exe rcises and tasks are more
d ifficu lt th an the o nes at the beginning of the unit .
Thi s High er level pa rt also features all five skills.
How do I use Oxford Exam Excellence?
Th e more you use the book, th e better prepared
yo u will be for the exa m . If you h ave time to
co m plete t he whole co urse , you will have thorough
train ing in all the typ ical exa m skills and tasks, and
will cove r all the topi cs and key voca bu lary yo u are
likel y to encoun ter in the exa ms.
You can use any sect io n of the book at any tim e
and in any order you want: yo u don't h ave to wo rk
your way th rough from beginnin g to en d.
6 INTRODUCTION
If you n eed flexib ility, but still wan t to get the
m ost out of Oxford Exam Excellence, we reco m mend
the following work p lan:
1 Decide what yOIl want to focus on practising
Oxford Exam Excellence has a St udy Diary o n
pa ges 2-3 that is m ore th an just a list of
con ten ts: it is also a great to ol for planning your
own trai n ing programme.
If you want to explore an exa m top ic
thoroughly (for exam ple, 'Science an d
technology'), check wh ich uni t deals wit h
that top ic an d wo rk your way th rou gh the
different sections in it .
If you wa nt to practise a certai n skill (for
exa m ple, Listen ing), use the Stu dy Diary to
find whe re th e various Listen in g sections are,
an d choose t h e ones wh ich focu s on the task
types you n eed to wo rk on .
If yo u wan t to t rain yourse lf in a cer tain task
typ e (for exa mple, mul tip le-ch oice gap-fill
tasks), the Study Diar y can te ll yo u wh ich
sections feature this task; t ry to choose a
va riety of different topics and skills whe re
possib le.
2 Plan YOllr time
Each section tells you rough ly h ow much time
you will need to co m plete it, inclu d ing t h e
pra ctic e exercises as well as the exa m task at the
end . Th is is just an estima te to h elp you with
planning ; it mi ght act uall y take yo u a bit less or
a bit mor e time.
W he re th ere are two di fferent tasks with in a
Speak ing or Writing section, t h ere is a n estimate
given for th e total tim e to co m plete bo th parts
(p ractice and exam tasks), an d also a sep arate
est im ate for each pa rt, in case you on ly ha ve
time to do one or the other.
Th e exam box a lso shows a time, but this is
more a sugges tion than an est imate: we suggest
that you use a watc h to time yourse lf and
pr act ise com pleting the tasks wit h in the tim e
suggested; the times given for the exa m tas ks
closely m at ch the amoun t of time you wo uld
have in t he real exa m.
3 Practise
Focus first on t he exercises in a section wh ich
prepa re yo u for t he exa m task. Don 't skip any
exe rcises as they all help yo u deal more easily
with th e exa m tas k later on . In a few sections
th ere are follow-up exercises afte r t he exa m task.
You will find plen ty of How to study tips. Use
these tips as much as yo u can .
Check your answers to the practice exe rcises
in th e Sma rt answer key (a n ote at the bo tto m
of every page tells you where th is is).
 Make a note in the Study Diary of any
mistakes yo u make, so you can make sure you
avoid th em next time.
4 Do tile exal/l task
Always read the instructions carefu lly to mak e
sure you know wh at to do.
Read th e Exam tip before you start doing
th e task.
Whe n yo u' re p ractisi ng Writing or Speaking,
you can p repa re for the task by looking at the
examples in the Writing Bank or Speaking Bank.
Com plete the task (and remember to time
yourself).
Before yo u look at the Smart answer key,
check th e answe rs you have written - it's good
practice, and will prevent you from losing
points in th e exa m for small mistakes.
Read th e answers in the Smart answer key
an d mark your sco re.
Record your sco re in th e Study Diary, and add
your own not es to remind yourself of things you
would like to focus on ne xt time you practise.
S Keel' track ofYOllr progress
Use th e Study Diary to :
mak e notes about any mistakes you hav e
made after you have fin ishe d the p ractice
exercises,
record yo ur sco re and make no tes on the
exam task after yo u have completed it,
tick every section you have already done.
How do I prepare for exams at a
Higher level?
Oxford Exam Excellence provides thorough pra ctice
at a lower in term ediate (B1) a nd an upper-
interm edi ate (B2/C l) level. If yo u are preparing for
an exa m at the High er level, com plete both the
first and the seco nd par t o f each unit you use.
If you on ly want to pra cti se some, but not all
the, skills at th e High er level, do all the skills in the
first pa rt of the unit, a nd on ly the skill(s) you want
to practise in the High er level section.
What if I don't want to prepare for an
exam at a Higher level?
For th orough training at th e B1 level you on ly need
to complete th e first half of each unit. You don 't
need to do the High er level.
But even if yo u are preparing for a B1 exam, you
may want to tr y co m pleting certain sections from
the Higher level, to look a topic fro m a n ew po in t
of view, for exa m ple, or to practise a di fferen t task
type. In this case, don't worry if you don't get all
the answers right. Work your way through th e
section syste ma tically and use the Sma rt an swer
key to learn wh at yo u need to know.
What's in the reference section?
W rititlg Ba tik:
exam ple texts for all the text typ es required by
the exam tasks (from emails and
formal/informal letters to essays)
usefu l tips
lists of phrases yo u can use for eac h text type
Speaking Ba tik:
useful com m un ication phrases - for all the
fun ctions you will ne ed to use to co m plete the
different Speaking exam ta sks
Word Bati k:
key vocabulary from every un it
essen tial extra voca bula ry for eve ry exa m topi c
phonetic transcriptions for bett er pronunciati on
What's a Smart answer key?
Th e Smart answer key not on ly tells you what th e
correct answers are, but explains in clear, sim ple
English why those answers are co rrect, and also why
th e other answers are wrong. lt also tells you things
to watch out for (for example, typi cal erro rs).
You will fin d answers for all th e pra ctice
exercises an d exa m tasks. For open com mun ication
tasks whe re the re is no 'co rrect' answ er, it co ntains
useful no tes about wha t's expected in th e exam, or
about the best approach to the task.
The Smart answer key also has the transcripts of
a ll listening texts.
What's a Smart Audio CD?
Th e Smart Audio CD contains a ll th e reco rdings for
th e Li stening exercises and exa m tasks. You will
hear a wide variety of English speakers a nd
different dial ects spo ken at natural speed.
lt plays like a normal Audio CD in your CD
player. However, if you use the CD in a co m puter,
you can find the transcripts for all th e record in gs
in Micro soft Word format. You can edit th ese
transcripts to create your own listening exe rcises,
for exam ple:
repl ace a word in each sen tence with a blank
line to create a gap-fill ta sk,
jumble up the o rder of paragraphs in a longer
text to create an ordering task,
change some words in th e text to create a fact-
correction task.
Use your new ta sks for extra pra cti ce a bit later on
- no t immediately, as it would be too easy to
rem ember wha t the or iginal was.
Alternatively, swap with an oth er stude n t and try
to complete each oth er's tasks.
We hope you will en joy working with Oxford
Exam Excellence and that it will give you all th e
skills and co nfidence you need to be success ful in
your exa m!
Best wish es from Oxford
INTRODUCTION 7
Reading .... 25 minutes
1 Read the a rti cl e in exercise 3
quickly. Then put the
fo llowing headings that
su m m a rise each paragraph
in the correct order.
a Modern families
b What we m ean wh en we
tal k about fam ily
c The way fam ilies lived in
the past
1 nuclear fam ily.
2 Society in Brita in and the US s
:1
2 Read the article in exercise 3
aga in quickly, and answer
the questions.
1 What is a ' n uclea r fam ily'?
2 How d id t he fat he r spe nd
a typi cal day fifty yea rs
ago?
:1 How did t he mother
spe nd a ty pica l day fifty
years ago?
4 W hy are so me people
worried abo ut soc iety
today'!
5 Do co up les that li v e
toget he r always get
married?
6 Are m odern fam ilies
nor ma lly larger or sm aller
than t hose fifty years ago?
EXAM TIP
Rememb er, th e meaning of th e
m issi ng phrase is impo rtan t, but
read the completed sentence
again to check that th e chosen
ext ract also fits in g ram matically.
8 FA M ILY LIFE
READING EXAM ~ 15 minutes
3 Read this short article about British and American families.
Choose the best phrase from A-K to fill in gaps 1-10, to
co m p lete the text. Th ere is one phrase that yo u won't need
to use.
FAMILY
W HEN British and Amer ican people use the word family
_ _ _ _ t he mot her, father and thei r child ren . In a gene ral
social context, 'the fa mily' is usually 2 mean this
a nuclear family
li ving in the same ho use and 4 each other's li ves.
Fifty years ago, t he typical f am ily was a husband and a wife,
and t w o or three chi ldren. The f ath er spent all day at work
and 5 decisions abo ut how the money he earned
was spent. The mother stayed at ho me to manage t he house
and look after the children . Children we re ' their
parents.
Many modern fa milies live rather differently, and because
of t his some people think that th e fami ly unit is dying and
society ' . Many coupies still get married, but others
live together w ithout ' . A few yea rs ago, couples
living together usually got marr ied whe n ' a fa m iiy,
but t his happens less now. Another trend is '" _
married lat er in life and to have fewer child ren, so t he size of
the average fam ily is shri nki ng.
A taken to G m ad e m ost of th e
B close ly in volved in H w h ich norma lly co ns ists of
C gett ing married I they wan ted to start
D they ofte n m ean o n ly J ex pec ted to o bey
E is being wea kened K is tradit io nall y ba sed o n
F fo r people to get
Answers on page 158
Listening ~ 20 minutes
4 Read the instructions to exercise 6 a n d a ns w er t he following
questions .
1 W ho will you be listening to in the recordi ng?
2 Who is the adv ice aimed at?
:1 W ha t o ther useful informat ion can you find in the ins tru ctions?
5 Read the statements in exercise 6 a n d d ecide which of the
possible titles below might best summarise the text yo u are
going to hear.
a Ho w can we ens u re o ur ch ild ren 's safe ty whe n they' re alone at
home?
b The dan gers that ch ildre n h ave to face in their every d ay lives
c Ho w to train o ur child ren t o be indep en den t whe n they grow up
Smart answ er key on page 158
 HOW TO STUDY Use of English ...... 45 minutes

If you have access to Eng lishs peaking radio or televisio n

broadcasts, try to listen to a nd watc h progra mmes on
topics t hat yo u are interested in. It is best to do this on
regular basis, if possible for at least 15 minutes a day.
Th is will help you to get a feel for the language.
LISTENING EXAM . . 10 minutes
6 ~ 01 First read sentences A-j below. You
are going to hear a psychologist giving
advice to parents. Decide which five out of
the ten pieces of advice are given in the
recordi ng.
A 0 Your decision should not only be based
on your children's age.
B 0 Tell your children not to answer
telephone calls.
C 0 Instruct your children to open the door
only to people they know well.
D 0 Don't leave your children alone for
more than three hours.
E 0 Teach your children to keep the house
key in their schoolbag.
F 0 Don't allow your children to use the
cooker.
G 0 Teach your children what to do in case
of fire.
H 0 Ask a neighbour to keep an eye on
what's going on.
o Keep alcohol out of the reach of your
children.
J 0 Don't stress your children by ta lking
about possible dangers.
Answers on page 158
EXAM TIP
The fi rst time you listen, mark all t hose sentences w hic h
match the statements made in the recording. Quickly
check jf yo u have mar ked the same num ber of
sentences specified in t he instructions. If necessary, find
the missing answers w he n yo u listen for the second
time.
7 Pu t the correct fo rm of the verb clean in each
ga p.
] I en joy _ _ the house every Mon da y
m orni ng.
2 It's Monday iunch time and I _ _ the hou se
alrea dy.
3 I think most of the houses in my st reet _ _
at least once a week .
4 My mother says my fat h er t hinks the house
_ _ by magic!
5 My friends arrived wh ile I _ _ my room.
6 In the future, h ouses _ _ by robots.
8 Put the co rrect noun form of the underlined
verb in t h e gap to co mplete t he d efin iti o n s.
] If you invent so me t h in g important, this
_ _ ma y become famou s.
2 Something that arrives, such as a plane
fligh t, is an _ _ .
3 You can say you improve some th ing, or that
you make an _ _ to it .
4 Som eth ing you publish , suc h as a book or a
magazin e, is a _ _ .
5 If you explain some thing clea rly, then you
are giving a clear _ _ .
6 Someone who tra ins people to do so me t h ing
is a _ _ .
9 Wr ite similar defin itions to t h e ones in
exercise 8 to explain t he following verbs and
nou ns.
] believe and belief
2 depart and departure
3 per form and performan ce
HOW TO STUDY
You can expand your vocabulary by learni ng the
different parts of speech for words - for exa mple, from
the verb expect yo u can make the no un expectation, and
the adjectives expected and unexpected. Keep a
voca bulary note book or lists and includ e d iffere nt parts
of speech.

Smart answer key on page 158 FAMilY LIFE 9

 12 Rewrite David 's message, adding the
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 m inutes
in form a tio n he's missed o ut .
10 Complete the text by putting the correct
form of the word in brackets into each gap.
WRITING EXAM ~ 25 m inutes

Housew.or~ history 13 You see t his a dvertisement in a n Internet

foru m. Wr ite your response in a n ema il of
40-50 words.

If you stop to think abo ut it, the histo ry of

housework is the history of everything. ..---------....
Housework '

years or so. The '

(CHANGE) an
amazing amount in only the last hu ndred
(INVENT) of
W RLD
electricity was very important, and it led to
the ' (ARRIVE) of the washing DAILY LIVES
machine, the vacuum cleaner, the
dis hwasher, and so on . Housework
SURVEY
_ _ _ _ (BE) much harder without them
fifty yea rs ago. It's not just technology
that's different- these days, most husbands
_ _ _ _ (EXPECT) by their w ives to
share the housework. Overall, then, we can
see a great ' (IMPROVE) in
relation to housew ork , especially for
women - although the environmental cost
of modern housework is high.

An sw ers on page 159

Answ ers o n pag e 159

EXAM TIP
Writing ~ 90 minutes W hen you w rite a short text, such as an email message,
always check you have included all the necessary points
Writing an email ~ 35 minutes from the instructions.

11 Read the task and the advertisement in

Writing an informal letter ~ 55 minutes
ex ercise 13 ca re fully, Then read the message
below, and decide if the writer has included 14 Are these sta te m en ts about writing in fo rm al
all the requested information. Tick the letters true or fa lse?
a p p ro p ria te box. It's normal to use contractions, like they're
I who/you? D 4 when/eat? D for they are, in informal letters. T / F
2 where/from? D 5 when/st udy? D 2 You do n't need to use paragraphs in
3 whe n /slee p? D 6 what/e lse? D in formal let ters. T / F
3 Plannin g what to wri te is less im portant for
o
informal lett ers than for formal letters. T / F
4 You shou ld try to make in formal letters as
in teresti ng as poss ible, for example by using
I'm Davi d. I s lee p like a log from 10 p.m . a range of verbs and ad jectives. T / F
un til t he a larm goes off at 7 a.m . I have 5 The most common tense used in informal
breakfast at 7.30 a.rn ., lun ch at midday letters is the Present Con tin uou s. T / F
and t he n di nn er at 6 p.m. I really do n't 6 Informal letters tend to be shorter th an
like do ing hom ework . I t ry to play formal letters. T / F
football as often a s possibl e, a nd usu ally 7 You should th ink carefully about t h e reader
m an ag e to every day. of infor m al letters. T / F

l
10 FAMi lY LIFE Smart answer key on page 159
15 Read this extract fro m a le tter. It contains
eigh t gra m m ar mistakes. Ca n you find them
an d correct them?
Everybody think my siste r is very good-looking.
She has a huge wardrobe fu ll wit h clothes and
she always we ll dressed - but I think she wears
too man y m ake-up! She seems she's quite
popul ar, why she has a wide circle of frien ds.
She's always eit her out with frien ds and at
home ta lking with the pho ne to th em .
WRITING EXAM ~ 45 minutes
16 Below is p art of a letter you receive from
your penfriend abroad. Write your reply in
100-120 words.
Mtj WIde-. So I'd re-tllltj like- +0
bto.w tlbw+ tj0l.<r +tlvol.<ri+e-
+tlMiltj Me-Mbe-r. Wl-to is it? Wl-ttj
dO tj0l.< like- l-tiM or l-te-r so Ml.<cl-t?
Wl-ttl+ doe-s l-te- or sl-te- look like-?
Wl-ttl+ doe-s l-te- or sl-te- dO?
Speaking ~ 4S minutes
Situational role-play ~ 25 minutes
17 '" 02 Listen and read the d ialogue below and
answer these questions.
1 What is Mark goi ng to do for Agneta?
2 Whe n are th ey going to m eet ?
3 What is Agneta goi ng to help Mark wit h?
Agneta I'm really pleased you can help me, Mark.
Mark Th at's OK. 1 know t here's too m uch
hou sewo rk for o ne person to do. Wha t
wo uld you like me to do?
Agncta Could yo u clean t he wind ows?
Mark OK. But I'm quite busy right now. Can we
do it in t he evening, per haps?
Agn eta I'm goi ng to th e cinema later. Are you
free after school?
Mark Yes, I 'll mee t you at your hou se after
school.
Agneta Fan tastic! And the n I 111/1St return the
favou r. How ca n I help you?
Mark Could you help me with my English
hom ework ? It's really difficult t his week .
Agn eta Sure .
18 Underline the parts of the dialogue that
h el ped you to answer the questions in
exercise 17 .

19 What kinds of housework a re there? How

many more ca n you add to the list?
Answers on page 159

EXAM TIP
Always plan your writing carefully. Look carefully at the d_o .fhe. dus.fiOlq
topic or question and let ideas come into your head.
Then start to orga nise them into a suitable order. Then /\.lake. .fhe. oe.ds
write one or more sente nces for each id ea. Build th e
series of sentences into paragraphs. When you have
do .fhe. washiOlq
finished your first draft, check very carefully for s~e.e.p the. patio
m istakes.

HOW TO STUDY
One way to practise speaking accu rately is to write a
dialogu e, chec k it for mistakes, and then practise
speaking it, with a partner if possible.

Smart answer key on page 159 fAMILY LIf E 11

 SPEAKING EXAM ~ 5 minutes
22 Ch oose from the words below to co mplete
the ex p ressio ns used for giving opinions.
20 Your friend's parents a re away for a few
as in to on
days. You have agreed to help your friend
with some housework. 1 _ _ my ex per ience , a small family is bet ter.
Find ou t wha t hou sework yo ur friend 2 According _ _ a TV programme I saw,
need s help with . th ere are fewer big famili es now.
Find out a time you 're both free. 3 As far _ _ I'm concerned, the bigger the
Agree what you r friend will do for you in better.
return . 4 It dep ends _ _ whe re you live, but I prefer
Answers on page 159
sma ll famili es.

Picture-based discussion ~ 20 minutes
21 Here arc some sentences st u den ts sa id abo u t
famili es. Ea ch sentence co n ta ins a m istake.
Can you find a nd co rrect the m istakes?
HO W TO STUDY
When you study for tasks like exercise 23 here, practise
several times. Each tim e, concentrate on a different
factor, e.g . choice of vocabulary, pron unciat ion,
spea king flue ntly, and so on.

1 If yo u have olde r broth ers and sisters, th ey

ca n giving yo u useful advice. SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
2 In a big family, never yo u ma y learn to be
in dep ende n t. 23 Look at th e two photos of families .
3 So yo ur fam ily is sma ll, yo u' ll probably ha ve Co m pa re and contrast them . Include the
your ow n bedroo m. following points:
4 Your bro the rs and sisters can play by you adv ice and suppo rt
whe n your par ents are busy. independence
space at home
attention from parents
An swers on pag e 159

12 fA MilY lif E Smart answe r key on page 159

Listening 40 minutes
1 Read these pairs o f se n ten ces
1-6 and the corresponding
sta te men ts 1-6 in ex ercise 3. In
eac h ca se, which on e of the
two sentences h ere means the
sa me as the statement in
exercise 3?
a [ ohn's parents grew up
here, and so did h e.
b j ohn 's pa rents come from
up no rth , an d moved h ere
before he was born.
2 a j oh n's fam ily always
seem ed very h appy to
Ange la.
b Angela t h inks there are
some probl ems in j ohn's
fam ily.
3 a Angela's fam ily are having
a big party next mon t h,
but she 'd p refer to do
some th ing else.
b Ange la ca n 't wait for this
part y next month -
everyone's com in g.
4 a j ohn's expec ted to join hi s
uncle's co m pany, but it's
really boring there.
b John reall y wan ts his uncle
to give him a job in his
com pany.
S a Angela's big siste r ha s
reall y h elp ed her by tellin g
h er what to do.
b Ange la's always told h er
olde r siste r wh at she
sho uld do .
6 a j ohn's brother 's n ever
studied at uni versity.
b j ohn 's brother is n o longer
at college.
2 Un d erli n e the word or words
in exercise 1 which make the
sentence different in meaning
fro m the statement in
exercise 3.
Smart answer key on page 159
LISTENING EXAM ~ 15 m inutes
3 '" 03 You will hear two friends, John and Angela, talking
about their families . Read through statements 1-6. As
you listen, decide if each statement is true (T) or false (F),
according to the information you hear.
1 John grew up in the sam e to wn as hi s par ents. _
2 Angela says john's family is a h appy one. _
3 Angela is looking forward to a big family party ne xt
month . _
4 John hopes to work in hi s uncle's business in the future.
S Angela's o lde r sister ha s give n her useful adv ice. _
6 j ohn's brother recently left university. _
Answ ers on page 159
EXAM TIP
In the listening exam, the task items are in the same o rder as yo u hear
them in the recordin g. Whe n yo u listen for th e fi rst time, check which
sta te men ts you're D.Q.t g iven a ny infor mation about (all false), t hen decide
if the remainin g stateme nts are true or false when you listen fo r t he
seco nd time .
Use of English 3S minutes
4 Choose from these words to complete the sentences b elow.
One word is used twice, and one word isn't used in any
gap.
to than too also that both and
1 1 like coffee _ _ tea.
2 1 like _ _ coffee and tea .
3 I like coffee and _ _ tea.
4 I like coffee and tea _ _ .
S I like coffee more _ _ tea.
6 I prefer coffee _ _ tea.
7 I'd rather h ave coffee _ _ tea.
S Com p lete these sentences by writing one word in each gap.
1 He wants to improve, _ _ h e practises a lot.
2 _ _ h e wants to improve, he pra ctis es a lot.
3 He wants to improve - th at' s _ _ h e pra cti ses a lot .
4 _ _ to hi s amb ition to succeed, h e does a lot of pr actice.
S _ _ of h is ambitio n to win, he's always practisin g.
6 His de sire to do well mea ns _ _ he practises a great deal.
FAMILY LIFE 13
 6 Read these sentences. Ch oose from the verbs listed after the Reading 30 minutes
sentences to co m p lete the gaps. Notice that the word out
comes afte r ea ch gap and is co n n ec te d to the meaning of the 8 Read the titl e of the a rticle
ve rb. Th in k a bou t the form of the verb. in ex ercise 9 on page IS.
1 Th e gro u p are _ _ out a n ew CO next mo nth . Which of the following
2 You mu st _ _ out of the h ot el by 11 a.m. topics does the title of the
3 She injured her knee an d _ _ out of th e race. article suggest?
4 The detective investigat ed until h e _ _ out who the murderer 1 Fathers are read y to
was. participat e in takin g care
5 You'l l succeed if you _ _ out your plan. of children, and th is is
6 They _ _ out for the mountains ea rly in the morning. sur prisin g.
2 Fath ers sh ould be
carry br in ging check set found pu lIed
en couraged to parti cipate
in childcare more actively.
3 Wo rkin g women want
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes their partners to take over
7 Complete the text by choosing the correct option: A, B, C or some ch ildcare
0 , to fill each gal'. responsibilities.

Now read the text qui ckl y

What's the point of family history? to check yo u r answer.
Fam ily h istory is ' _ referr ed to as genea logy. It is one of the
wo rld's most popular pastimes, an d milli ons of peopl e aro u nd EXAM TIP
the plan et are investigating their origins as I writ e this. From When you have completed a
z_ beginners to expe rienced gen ealogists, th e attraction o f 3 _ multiple-choice task, check that
out more about the past through your own family is hard to you did not leave a question
resist. Once you have 3 _ out on the research road, the work unanswered. If you really don't
can become ab solutely fascinating. There are many reasons i . L . know the co rrect answ er, it's
better to guess than not to give
As yo u expl or e this route to the past, you'lI develop new skills, an answer.
wh ich you can use in many ways. You'll a lso en joy th e
exc itemen t of the detective ' _. The voyage of disc overy into
you r family's past ofte n lead s to a greater understanding of
hi stor y. It's also a social pastime, and will ' _ yo u into co ntact
with many n ew and like-minded people.
1 A and B too C also D both
2 A fulI B complete C whole o thorough
3 A finding B meeting C learning D knowing
4 A set B done C put D made
5 A because B sin ce C why o so
6 A course B movem ent C step o process
7 A sen d B carry C give o bring
An swers on page 160

EXAM TIP
Before you look at the cho ices A-D for each gap, try to think of a word that
could fit in th e gap. Even if you can't think of a particular word, decide what
part of speech - verb, noun, etc. - it needs to be.

14 FAMILY LIFE Smart answer key on page 160

READING EXAM ""'-
.......- 2S minutes

9 Read t he newspaper article below on how fathers take part in looking after their children.
Ch o ose the b est answer: a, b, c, o r d, to questions 1-4.

1 Why would many fathers like to go to

Why fathers want to look parenting cla sses?
a To learn how to do da y-ta-da y
after the baby (yes, really) ch ildc are.
One of t he most extensive surveys of fat hers has b Becau se they want to atten d
now shown th at, far from the ste reotype, most important sch oo l ev en ts .
men would like t o share childcare duties with c Because they think it 's important to
t heir partners or wives. be in volved in the da y-ta-day care of
The survey made by the Equal Opportun ities Commission ch ild ren.
shows a modern type of father : the New Dad. He takes part d So they can be more co n fide n t in
in day-to-day childcare and does not mind helping with dealing with domestic issues.
the vacuum ing and w ashing-up - if onl y w hen his partne r
asks him to. The EOC intervi ewed sixty-four fathers and 2 How do Enforcer Dad s view their rol e in
their partners about their hom e and wor k life. Most fathers childcare?
agreed that it was important to 'be there' for their children a Th ey don't see childca re as their
for key even ts such as school sports da y, their first
appearance in the school play and for at least one mea l a
responsibility.
day. Many agreed that pare nting classes would be a good b They teach their ch ild ren di scipline
way to give them more confidence around the home. by setti ng an exam ple for them.
Based on the survey resu lts, four types of fathers were c They keep children amused while
defined, from the traditiona l type of dad to the perfect their partner get s on with
New Dad, w ho is as much involved in taking care of the housework.
child ren as the mother. The survey found that the majority
of men we re some w he re between these tw o types. d It's important for them to be
In the first category comes Enforcer Dad, the old- invol ved in the day-ta-da y care of
fashioned disciplinarian w ho does not see himself as their children.
invo lved in the day-ta-day care of his children. He sees his
3 How do Fully Involved Dads find time
respo nsibili ties as settin g clear lim its for them and being a
role mod el. Most fathers do no t see this as their only role. to share childcare resp onsibilities with
The two big gest categor ies are Entertainer Dad and their partners?
Useful Dad . Entertainer Dad is at his best keeping his a They run the home an d t he famil y,
child ren laughing wh ile his pa rtner gets on with so their partners can focu s o n their
househ old chores and arranging the children's school and professional duties.
extra activities. Useful Dad is willing to help out around
the house, even thoug h he expects the mother to be the b They fit their work co m m it m en ts to
'team leader' in all things domestic. their partn er's arrangements.
Finally, and probab ly every woman's d ream, is Fully c They often leave the office early.
Involved Dad. He is equally engage d in running the home d They think it's their partner's
and the family, and sees the role of the father and the responsibility to n egotiate flexibility
mother as practically iden tical. Fully Involved Dads adjust
their w o rk arrangements to their partners' professional at their workplace.
du ties. 'I do have definite childca re commitments,' said 4 What does ]ulie Mellor think employers
one father in this category. 'There are certain times or sh ould do?
occasions w here it is non-negotiable and 1 just leave the
a Employers should p rovide both
office on time.'
[ulie Melior, chairwoman of the EOC, said that fathers parents w ith equal pay and flexible
w ere still not given enough flexibilit y at work and mothers wo rkin g h ours.
wou ld feel fully supported only if employers treated (and b They should allow par ents to wo rk
paid) both sexes equally. 'Mums and dad s should be able from home so they ca n look aft er
to choose how they w ant to share the responsibilities of their ch ild ren .
bringing up child ren and wor king outside the home: she
said. 'But unt il we have equal pay, decent childcare and c They sh ou ld give women m ore
more opportunit ies to work flexible hours, many fathe rs su ppo rt so they can take o n mo re of
will continue to find it hard to be there for their children the childca re resp onsibilities at
and many w omen w ill cont inue to be d isadvantaged at home.
work. This is not necessarily the best solution for parents, d They should pa y women mo re
children or emp loyers. Equality at work or home depe nds because t hey are often di sad vantaged
on both mum s' and dads' famil y responsibi lities be ing
acknow led ged: Melior said. in the wo rkp lace.

Answers

Smart answer key on page 160 FAMILY LIFE 15

Writing 80 m inutes Speaking 55 minutes

Writing an argumentative essay Picture-based discussion 30 minutes

10 Look at the list below. Who is more 13 If yo u're working a lo n e, answer eac h
important to you, you r famil y or you r question in no more than three sentences . If
friend s, in relation to these things? Tick the you 're working with a partner, discuss
box for ea ch onc. different ways of answering each question.
Family Frien ds What was your first day at school like? How
did you feel?
h omework
2 What is it you're goi ng to miss most when
music you leave school? Why?
3 How do married couples help each other?
holidays
4 Sho uld everybody get married?
sport
14 Read these sentences. Thi n k about their
food m eaning and what may be missing in the
gaps. Then choose the correct phrase from
If yo u' re working with a partner, discuss
the list underneath to co m plete the
yo ur a ns wers. Ta lk a b ou t yo ur rea sons.
sen te n ces.
11 Read these sentences taken fro m essays abou t Your school education has a significant effect
family a n d fr ie n ds. Fill in the gaps with a on _ _ your life.
su itable word from the list below. Use each 2 School isn't as important as university,
wo rd o nly o nce. T here are two ga ps in each where you make _ _ what to study for
sentence. your career.
3 Most people wan t to start a famil y, an d
answer think facto rs co nside ring marriage is _ _ this.
reasons concl usion im port an ce refer 4 The partnershi p of marriage is _ _ two
ever loo k ind ividua ls sha ring a h ome.

1 When _ _ family and society, th ere isn't a your own choice of the rest of
simple right or wrong _ _ . the first step towards mor e than just
2 When we _ _ about this sub ject, it
depends on wh ich society we _ _ to.
SPEAKING EXAM: 10 minutes
3 The re are a nu m ber of _ _ why I believe
tha t the family is still as impo rtant as _ _. 15 The two photos show different turning
4 If we _ _ at th e issue of ed uca tion, th e points in life. Which image do you think
_ _ of the fam ily is clear. represents a more important turning point?
5 Taking a ll these _ _ into acco unt, m y Why? Co m pa re and contrast the pi ctures.
_ _ is that the role of fam ily is changing,
Answe rs on page 161
but it remains highly im portant.
EXAM TIP
WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes Don't worry if you can't think of much to say in the
exa m. Start with straightforwa rd o bservations - things
12 Write an essay of 200-250 words for or which are easy and clear to say abo ut the ph oto or
against this statement: ph otos - and build on t hese until yo u reach m ore
complex ideas.
Peopl e used to think that th e fam ily played
an impor tan t ro le in society, but times h ave
changed and no w the family is m uc h less
importa nt .
An sw ers on pOIlge 161

EXAM TIP
W hen wr iting essays, always spend tim e thinking ab out
your ideas and opinions before you try to start w riting
the essay. Record these in notes - either as lists or mind
maps. In yo ur essay, use eac h main idea as the basis of a
paragraph.

16 FAMILY LIFE Smart answer key on page 160

Debate 25 minutes ' ..
16 Match words 1-8 to thei r syn o n ym s a-h.
1 leave out a separate
2 loo k at b firstl y
3 pr im aril y c cons ide r
4 in co ntrast d in additio n
5 co nnected e m ostl y
6 unrelated f co nversely
7 first of all g depen dent
8 moreover h disregard

17 Use words from exerci se 16 to co m p lete the

follow ing se n te n ce s.
1 Before reaching any so rt of co ncl us io n, _ _
we m ust examine the cha ng ing roles wit hi n
the fam ily.
2 Even if we _ _ t he questions of income
and car eer develo pmen t, thi s is still a
complicat ed issue.
3 When we _ _ the falling number of
marriages an d the rising number of divor ces,
we can see t hat th e number of sin gle-paren t
fam ilies is in creasing.
4 Havin g a good job is often rega rded
nowadays as mor e important than having a
family. _ _ , th e resp onsibility of starting a
famil y appeals to fewe r and fewer people.

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

18 Read the following statement. Do you

a gree or d isagree with it? Prepare so m e
arguments to support your opinion, t h en
discuss the issue with your partner,
responding to any counter-arguments they
have.

Mothers shou ld stay at h ome to look afte r

their ch ildren until they're old eno ug h to
start fo rmal educa tio n .
An sw er s on pag e 161

EXAM TIP
When you have to talk about a given subject at length,
try to use phrases that organise your arguments into
connected speech. You can find phrases for ordering
key points, giving examples, expressing your opinion,
etc. in the Speaking Bank on page 128.

Smart answer key on pag e' 61 FA M ILY LIFE 17

Reading ~ 35 minutes
~-
1 Read the title from the article in exercise 4.
What do you think the article is going to b e
about?
2 Read statem en ts 1 and 2 below. Which of the
other sentences: a , b, or c, has the sa me
meaning as 1 and 2?
I Stella didn 't buy the dres s because it didn't
suit her.
a She didn 't want to bu y the dress.
b Th e dress didn't loo k good on h er.
c Th e dre ss wasn't t h e right size.
2 Unl ess th e guaran te e is stamped, your radio
won 't be replaced.
a Th e radio can't be rep laced if th e
guaran tee is not stam ped .
b There is no guarantee t he rad io will be
replaced.
c If yo u have a guara ntee, the radio will be
replaced .
3 Now read the following extracts 1 and 2
from the article. Choose the option: a, b , or
c, that best summarises the m ain idea in the
extract. Did you choose the same answer as
in exercise 2? Mark T (true). Did you choose
so mething different? Mark F (false).
I Stella was sorry she co uldn't buy the dress.
The cut was the latest fashi on and the colour
ma tched her eyes perfectly, but she'd put on
some weight lately and she just couldn't do
up the zip.
a She didn't want to bu y t he dress.
b The dress didn't look good on h er.
c Th e dress wasn't t h e right size.
Stella didn 't buy tile dress as it didn't suit her.
T /F
2 The radio has a 12-m on th gua rantee .
Remember, however, to have it stam ped at
th e cas h de sk. Otherwise, we won't be ab le
to replace it if it doesn 't work properly.
a Th e radio can't be rep laced if the
guarantee is not stam ped.
b Th ere is no guarantee th e radio will be
rep laced.
c If yo u have a guarantee, the radio will be
rep laced .
Unless tile guarantee is stamped, YOllr radio
won 't be replaced. T / F
18 PEOPLE AN D SOC IETY
READING EXAM
4 Read the arti cl e below. Th en rea d st atements
1- 8 and find t he paragra p h (A- E) in t he te xt
which con tains info rmation a b ou t t h em .
Write the correct letter in the gap. Finally,
d ecide if the stat ements are t rue (T) o r fa lse (F).
SUITS or SMART CASUAL?
The modern office dilemma
A Once, it w as easy to know w hat to w ear to the office.
For male managers, it w as alw ays a da rk suit and
white shirt with a tie . With the arr iva l of Dress-Do wn
Friday, all the old ru les wen t away. Some compa nies
introduced the system in which once a we ek (on
Friday) the employees were allowed to wear casual
clothes of their choice. In recent years, cas ual dr ess
da ys at the office have become w idesp read in the
USA, and employees are starting to push the policy to
extreme limits. Casual Fridays have be come so casual
that so me people are coming to w ork in ou tfits that
resemble pyjamas.
B In a recent poll. 82% of Americans thought that it is
OK for businesses to ha ve a d ress-down da y, while
12% thought it is not. Those who opposed the dress-
down policy pointed out that casual dress style might
enc ou rage casual or slop py work. Others commented
that the relaxed atmosp he re and comfort of casua l
clothes lead s to increased productivity.
C So what's appropriate for the office? Experts differ in
opinions, but there are a few points they agree on.
Ripped and w orn looking jeans, shorts and Hawaiian
p rint shirts are all unacceptabl e. Faded den im is also
associated w ith slop piness. Keep you r look sma rt. For
example, pair up d ark jeans w ith a button-down
blazer.
o There are tw o im portant factors w he n di scu ssing
dress cod es in th e workp lace . First of all, it must be
clear. Em ployees ne ed to kno w w hat is expected of
the m; ot her w ise, a dress code that is meant to create a
rela xed atmosphere mi ght actuall y increa se stress.
Second, emplo yees must always cons ide r their
clients. We spoke w ith a law yer in a firm with a casual
dress policy who keeps a jacket and tie in his office,
and p ut s it on w he n expecting a client wh o might be
offended by a more casual approach.
E And one final thing - no matter what clothes people
wear, they must always be clea n and neat. Coffee
stains are unacceptabl e on the fron t of one's casual as
we ll as one's formal shirt.
Smart answ er key on pag e 16 1
 ~ 1S minutes
_ Cleanliness is always
important in the
workplace. T / F
2 _ Emp loyers should
precisely specify what
th eir em ployees might
wear on casual days .
.T / F
3 _ Latel y, some
employees h ave started
wearing unusually
informal clothes for the
office. T / F
4 _ Some clients ma y not
accept casual dres s code
in business situations.
T/ F
5 _ In th e USA, the
majority of bu sinesses
have introduced casual
dress days . T / F
6 _ Experts agree on
what should be worn for
th e office . T / F
7 _ Some people believe
tha t the way employees
dress in fluen ces the
qua lity of their work.
T /F
8 _ Jea ns are conside red
inappropriate for office
casua l days. T / F
Answers on page 161
Smart answer key on page 16 1
EXAM TIP
First look at the title of the article and read the text quickly to get a general
idea of what it's about. Then read the true/ false statements and make sure
you understand them. Find the parts of the text w hich contain inform ation
about the stateme nts. If the informat ion in the text matches the informa tion
in the statement, mark T (true). If the information doesn't confirm the
statement (or there is no information about it), mark F(false).
Listening ~ 15 minutes
S Read t h e d escriptio ns of two people in exercise 6 . Fill in the
follow in g table w ith the information .
Person 1 Person 2
Male/Female?
Age
Height and weight
Hair
Ot her facia l features
Clothes
Other distinguish ing features
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
6 ~ 04 First read the d escriptions below. Then listen to a radio
announcement, and cross out the mistakes in the
descriptions. Listen again a n d write down the co rrec t
information on the lines below the text. Th ere are eigh t
differences between the recording a n d the text below.
The police are looking for two suspects in con nec tion with the
recent bank robbery in Reading. Th e first suspec t is a wh ite man
in hi s fortie s. He is fairl y ove rweigh t, quite short and h e's got
cur ly, brown hair. He's got a broken no se and ha s a moustach e.
When last seen, he was wearing torn blu e jeans and a baggy T-
shirt. He's also got a tattoo of a h eart with the word 'Angela'
written in it .
The poli ce are also looking for a you ng woman in h er ea rly
twenties. She's tall and attractive - she's got long, wavy, blonde
hair. Her n ose is rather long . Wh en last seen , she was wearing a
short black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket an d black boots.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Answers on page 161
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY 19
 EXAM TIP
Read the descriptions first. Try to picture in your mind
what th e peop le described look like. This w ill help yo u
focus on the details when you hear the correct
descriptions. As you're listening, read the text and mark
the details that seem different. When you listen for the
second time, check your choices and write down the
correct answer. Check that you've found all the required
differences.
Use of English ~ 30 minutes
7 Ch o ose the correct option to complete the
se ntences .
It may not be possible / possibility to in vit e
everyone from the team.
2 They continued th eir correspond /
co rresp o n de nce through a co up le of
decades .
3 I love English Lite rature. I've read practical /
practically every classic English novel th at
exists.
4 His assista nt a lways com pa n ies /
ac compani es her on h er pro mo tio n al tours.
5 We wo uld like to clarity / clarify what the
condit ions are.
6 The main character / characterise in the
film is played by the famous Fren ch star.
7 Young peopl e often depend / dependent on
th eir pa ren ts fina nc ially.
8 I wou ld like you to sen d me a report /
reporter on the curren t situation.
8 Look a t the eight words in brackets in the
text in ex ercise 9. How many different words
can you form with each one?
custo m
accustom , accustomed, customise, customary,
customa rilv, custome r
2 fam e
3 able
4 confide
5 fami liar
6 identity
7 explorer
8 refer
What part of speech (verb, noun, a d jecti ve,
adverb, etc.) is ea ch word you have formed?
What part of speech is the original word?
20 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes
9 Read the text taken from the Teacher's
Book of an English course. Fill in gaps 1-8
with a suitable word formed from the
prompts in the brackets.
Recognising cultural images
and symbols
When we live in a particular country, we
automatically become exposed and
____ (custom) to a range of images and
symbols embedded in son gs and pictures,
places, and traditions. Th ese images and
sym bols include 2 (fame) peopl e in
the cu lture , a nd arc h itectural and landscap e
features . Th e 1 (able) of stude n ts to
recognise these images help s them to feel
more ' (con fide) and to become
more fluent.
The ai m of the activ ities in this sectio n is to
_ _ __ (familiar) studen ts with popular
ima ges and symbol s in the target culture. A
secon dary aim is to h elp studen ts to
_ _ _ _ (identity) and compare th e images
and symbols in British and American culture,
and then to con trast these with the images
and sym bols in their own.
Some activiti es focu s on places and peopl e
associated with the cu lture, some allow th e
learner to 7 (explorer) th e cultural
_ __ _ (refer) in popular songs.
An sw ers on page 162
EXAM TIP
Before you fill in any gaps, read the text payin g special
att ention to the words before and after each gap. These
help you decide what part of speech the missing word
should be.
\
Smart answer key on page 162
Writing ~ 90 minutes WRITING EXAM: ~ 60 minutes

Writing an informal letter 14 Write a letter to your penfriend in the VK.

10 Put the phrases in each sen tence into the
co rrect order.
differen t fro m / being a / teenagers / I think /
whe n m y / teenager today / is very /
parents were / .
2 ways we / freedom today / In so me / h ave
mor e / .
3 other ways / life is / But in / and di fficult /
more compl icated / .
4 a lot / I feel /today put / on teenagers / of
pressure / that par en ts / .
5 n ot / every teenager / It is / the best / to be /
possible for / .
6 feel I / space / Sometimes I / some / just
need / .
She or he wants to know about your life in
your country. Tell him or her about:
being a teenager
friendships
wh at you think about marriage.
Write about 200 words.
Answers on page 162
EXAM TIP
You should plan your letter by follo w ing th e inst ructi ons
closely. Your plan should includ e a paragraph for each
cont ent point required . A lett er also needs to have an
opening and a closing. Look at the example of an
informal lett er in th e Writing Bank on page 132.

11 Read th ese in complet e sen tences. Try to Speaking ~ 55 minutes

think of words to fill the gaps . Use only one
wo rd in each ga p . Situational role-play ~ 25 minutes

I believe friendship _ _ always be _ _ 15 Match the two parts of questions together.

im portant part of _ _ lives.
1 Wh at do you A a ny suggestions?
2 A goo d friend _ _ so meone _ _ you can
2 Do yo u h ave B th in k ab out it?
really trust .
3 Wh at sh ould we C to do about it .
3 I love m y parents, _ _ course, but I spe n d
4 I wo n de r wh at D do abo ut if!
more time _ _ friends.
4 I prefer _ _ have a few close frien ds _ _ a 16 Put the letters of the underlined words into
lot of acq ua intance s. the corr ect order.
5 Whe n my brot her met _ _ girlfrien d, h e
1 Tha t' s a great diae.
sto pped spe n din g time _ _ his friends.
2 Tha t's a goo d ni sgugesto .
6 I h op e to stay _ _ tou ch with all my
3 Tha t co uld be snitteringe .
frien ds whe n I' m _ _ university.
4 I won der if that cou ld be tfulifdic.
12 Each of these sentences contains a mistake. 5 Don't yo u think that might be catecoml'lid?
Ca n you find th e mist akes and correct them?
17 Put the missing words in the sentences to
I These days, man y people live together not make questions.
with getting marr ied .
2 I m yself h op e to getting ma rried one day. work do explain say thin k
3 I n eed meet the right person first. 1 Could yo u _ _ a bit more?
4 I h op e I'll be as h appy in marriage as my 2 How wou ld that _ _ ?
pa ren ts be. 3 Could you _ _ that aga in?
5 My co usin we nt to wo rk in Scotland and 4 Wh at sho uld we _ _ after that?
married the Scottis h wo ma n. 5 Do yo u _ _ that idea is best?
6 Marriage de pends o n tall levels of pati ence
an d understanding.

13 Match ea ch start of a sentence 1-4 with its

co n cl usio n A-D.
I I h ope that yo u A to hear from you
2 It was great B me all yo ur news.
3 Write and tell C visit the VK one day.
4 I really h op e to D are well an d h appy.

Smart answer key on page 162 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY 21

 SPEAKING EXAM
... 10 minutes

18 You and a group of friends

are plann ing a street
festival to take p lace in
your neighbourhood in
the summer. Here are
some notes.
Discuss the notes and the
situation and then d ecide
what to do. You can a dd
your own ideas.
music - dan ce music?
local folk singers?
foo d - ask neighbours?
use restauran t? cost?
invitations - emai l
everyone? posters?
ch ild ren - fu n activ ities?
com petitio ns? or no
sma ll ch ild ren in vited?
Answers on page 163

EXAM TIP
Remember that the examiner
wants to know how you interact
in the role-play situation - in other
words, how you communicate
and respond to ideas, op inions
and suggestions. Practise ways of
responding to what other people
say to you.

Picture-based discussion
30 minutes

19 Use the words be low to

com p lete these questions .
Hving stress clo the s
like married from
name time

I What's your _ _ ?
2 Where are yo u _ _?
3 What do yo u do for a
- _?
4 Are you _ _ ?
5 Wh at do you do in your
spare _ _ ?
6 Where do yo u bu y your
- _?
7 Do you su ffer m uch from
- _ ?
8 Do you see you r fam ily as
much as yOll wo uld _ _ ?

22 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY Smart answer key on page 163

 20 Look at the two photos.
Choose one photo, a n d
imagine yo u are that
person.
If you're working with a
partner, take it in turns to
interview ea ch other,
asking the questions from
exercise 19, and answering
from your imagination. If
you're working alone, write
down the answers to the
questions in exe rci se 19.

21 Co rr ect the mist ake in each

of these sentences.
1 I th ink he sta n d ing in a
train station.
2 He obviously like
skateboarding.
3 He's dressin g like a typical
business ma n .
4 He's wearing loose,
casually clothes.
S I guess that he's studen t .
6 I sup pose I'd h ave more
by com mon with the
yo unger man .

SPEAKING EXAM
__ 10 minutes

22 Look at the two photos .

Com p a re and co n t rast the
two men.
o Whe re are they?
o Wh at are they doing?
Wh at job s do you think
they do?
o Wh at are they wearing?
o What do you think their
clo thes say about their
personalities?
Answers on page 163

EXAM TIP
When you are discussing a picture
and explaining yo ur ideas and
opinions, th ere aren't any 'right'
or 'wrong' answers. The importan t
th ing is to keep talking, so that
th e examiner can see how mu ch
English yo u know.

Smart answer key on page 163 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY 23

Reading 30 minutes
1 Read the text in exercise 2
quickly, and put the
following points in order to
fo rm a summary o f the
a rticle.
a Thousa n ds live o n the
street.
b Tile Big Issue is a financial
success, an d it generates
huge a mo unts of money
to be spe n t o n good
causes.
c Cu lt ural landmarks stan d
n ext to te m porary she lters
for pe op le slee p ing rough .
d In the 1980s, many people
arr ived in the ca pita l in
sea rch of a home and a
job.
e The Big Issu e is n ow an
internati on al initiative.
f Th e life of h omeless
people o n the Sout h Bank
was im mo rta lised in a
t heatre play.
g People can offer suppor t
t hrough special
o rgan isatio ns a nd by
bu ying Tile Big Issue.
1 which gives them a chance to earn money and retain a sense of dignity.
2 Encourag ed by its succ ess in Brita in. The Big Iss ue has beco me
3 international. and now seventeen titles thro ug ho ut Euro pe are being
4 published.
5
6
7 A But it's virt ua lly im possibl e to get a job in Brita in wit ho ut a
EXAM TIP
Before yo u fill in t he gaps, read
through the text to ge t a ge neral
sense of what each paragraph is
about. This will help you decide
which extracts belong to which
part of th e text.
24 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
READING EXAM ~ 20 minutes
2 Read the newspaper article about Tile Big Issue magazine.
Five sentences have been removed from the text. Put the
correct se n ten ce from A-F below in ea ch space to form a
logic al , cohere n t a n d co rrect text. There is one extra
se ntence you are n o t going to n eed.
From Rags To Riches
t the southern end of Waterloo Bridge in Londo n, by the banks of
A the River Thames, stand the Royal .Nationa l Theatre, the Nation al
Film Theatre and the Royal Festival Hall. 1 _ _ They have
become a mecca for the homeless. The place is littered with the cardboard
boxes and old mattresses that they use as beds. It became so popu lar there in
the 1980s that each person had their own, much-prized space that they would
guard carefully. 2 _ _ This was also the name of a theatr e play directed by
the now famous Oscar-winner (for American Beauty) Sam Mendes.
The 1980s saw an enormous increase in people sleeping rough in
Brita in, as many unemployed came to cities in the south, espec ially London.
where j obs were easier to f ind. 3 _ _ They ended up with no work and
nowhere to live. Today the housing charity Shelter estimates there are around
100,000 homeless people in London alone, who are eith er in tempo rary
acco mmodation or simply living on the streets. These people ofte n hang
around ra ilway stations and other public places asking for money.
The British public are asked by their government not to give money to
street beggars. 4 _ _ Another way you can help is to buy a copy of The Big
Issue weekly magazine.
Run for the homeless, The Big Issue is a success on many levels. Its first
issue was published in 199 1, it won the Magazine of the Year award in 1993,
and sells 270,000 copies week ly, which means a readership of over one
million. s_ _ The maga zine is actually sold by the homeless themse lves,
pe rma ne nt ad d ress, and it 's very diffi cu lt to get so mew h ere
to live if you don 't have a job, so most of th ose people got
trapped .
B Peop le sym path eti c to the h o m eless are bein g to ld to donate
m oney to ch arities who spec ia lise in car ing fo r th e poor o r to
offer beggars gifts of foo d or clo thes ins tead of mone y.
C It gave th em a sense of secur ity an d became so permanent
that the locals ga ve t h e area a n ickname - Card board City.
D The Lab ou r Party admin istration cla ims th at many of t he se
people are h omeless by choice, and that there are many d rug
ad dicts among t hem .
E All profits are reinvested into t h e m agazine or diverted to
The Big Issue Foun da tion, a charity t hat runs m an y soc ial
sup po rt programmes for th e homeless.
F In stark co ntrast t o this centre of London 's cu ltu ral activity,
are the subways close by, which offer so me relief from the
cold at ni ght.
Answ e rs on p ag e 163
Smart answer key on page 163
Listening 25 minutes Use of English 25 minutes

3 Match words 1-8 with words A- H to form 6 Read the text in exercise 7. Don't fill in any
co lloca tio ns. Use each word only once. gaps yet. Answer these questions.
1 general A views I Wh y are Irish people popular around th e
2 political B development world?
3 th ird C official 2 What's the nam e of the Irish Natio na l
4 in tern ation al D relati ons Holiday? Whe n is it?
5 governme n t E opportun ities 3 Whe n an d whe re was the first Parade h eld ?
6 hu man F election 4 Wh ich countries organ ise parad es on th e
7 eq ua l G wo rld Natio nal Holiday?
8 econom ic H righ ts 5 Wh at does the day celeb rate?

Try to ex p la in the m eaning of each

co llocation in you r own words. If n ecessary,
look u p the phrases in a d ictionary.
4 Read t he questions in ex ercise S. How could
yo u sa y the follow in g phrases in di fferent
words? Try t o th in k of as many ways as
possible to say them .
I best-in for med
2 take an act ive part
3 in terested in
4 in co m peten t
5 do mestic
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
S ~ 05 You a re going to hear four people
talking about their political views. Ma tch
speakers (A, B, C, or D) to the sentences
about them. Write the correct letter in eac h
box. Where there are two boxes, you need
to choose two speakers.
Which of the speakers: A, B, C, or D:
seems to be best-in form ed about the political
situation in their cou n try? 1 0
say they tak e a n active part in political
even ts? 2 0 3 0
are interested in in tern ationa l
politics? 4 0 5 0
think most po liticians are in competent?
6 07 0
isn 't in terested in domesti c politics? 8 0
An sw e r s on p ag e 163
EXAM TIP
Make sure you' re familiar with th e key vocabulary of th e
main exam to pics so you can focus on th e general
meaning of th e recording and the information required
by t he task.
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes
7 Read the text about the Irish National
Holiday. Fill in gaps 1-8 with a suitable
word. Use only one word in each gap.
Going green
So me say that if you wo uld like to bu y a
pa ssport on the black market, an Irish
___ would be the mo st expe ns ive.
___ Irish a re warrn-heart ed, ope n and
friendly peopl e and are welcome everyw he re.
No surprise, th en , th at St Pat rick's Day is
celebrated on 17 March every yea r in more
coun tries around the world th an " _
othe r Nationa l Holiday. On th is day ' _
wan ts to be Irish .
The first St Patrick's Day Parad e was organ ised
in Boston in 1737. Nowa days, pa rades
_ __ held in mo st places whe re th e Irish
ha ve been forced, or ha ve ch osen , to
em igrate. Wh ether 6 is Dublin,
Lond on, New York 7 Sydney, peo ple
flock to participa te and to watch . ' it
is a com me mo ration of a Ch ristian saint, it is
a day of celebration for a ll Irish peop le of all
religion s and creeds.
Answers on page 164
EXAM TIP
In t his type of task, th e exa miners wa nt to find out how
you can use gram mar and function al vocabulary. It 's not
a test of how big yo ur vocabulary is. This means mo st
of th e missing words w ill be gramma r wo rds and
functi on wor ds (the verb be, aux iliaries, art icles, linking
wo rds, prepositions, etc.).

Smart answer key on pa ge 163 PEO PLE AND SoCIETY 25

Writing 8 0 minutes
Writing a student magazine article
8 Use these verbs to fill the gaps.
have be spend m ake get
I to _ _ good / best friends with so mebo dy
2 to _ _ friends wit h someb ody
3 to _ _ o n well with so mebo dy
4 to _ _ a lot o f/all your time with so me bod y
5 to _ _ a good/close friendship with
so me body
9 Put the letters into the correct order to make
nouns that refer to personal characteristics.
I rou mhu h _
2 cen tilelige n
3 stonehy h _
4 yotally 1 _
5 taipen ce p _
6 ski n nes d k _
10 Use adjectives based on the nouns you have
formed in exercise 9 to complete these
sentences.
A David's a very _ _ person - yo u ca n believe
eve ry word he says.
11 Geo rge is extrem ely _ _ - I think he cares
mor e ab out hi s friends than ab out himself.
C Clara is so _ _ - she keep s winning all the
school co mpet itions .
D Mar k's ver y _ _ - which is good , becau se
I'm always fo rgetti ng things, or arriving lat e.
E Anna's a ve ry _ _ friend - she's always on
my side.
F Ivan's so fu n ny - he makes us all laugh all
th e time wit h hi s _ _ sto ries.
11 Think about friendship. What do you think
arc the most important characteristics for a
friend? Choose the three things from exercise
9 that you think are the most important.
If you 're working with a partner, discuss
your ideas together.
12 Co m p lete this part of a magazine article by
writing one word in each gap.
' _ _ far as I'm concerned, t he most important
q ua lity for a friend to have is a sense of
adven ture. This z_ _ becau se I like people
' _ _ surp rise m e, who keep me o n m y toes.
Th ere ' _ _ a number of reasons s_ _ I
believe that a few close friends are more
valuable than a wid e circle of friends. First
"_ _ all, J think yo u n eed to spe nd time alone
with someone in o rde r r _ _ get to kn ow them
reall y we ll. ' _ _ add iti o n, there is the question
of trust.
26 PE OPLE AND SOCIETY
WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes
13 The editors of a student m agazine have
asked you to write an article about
friendship . Th ey would like yo u to in cl ud e
the following:
what qualities make so meone a good
frie nd
h ow frien ds ca n help eac h other
whet he r it is better to h ave a wide circle of
frien ds or a few close friends.
Write your article in 200--250 words.
Ch oose a good title for yo ur article.
An sw ers o n pag e 164
EXAM TIP
Start writing by thinking . Use your imagination. Make
rough note s of ideas as yo u think of them . Onc e you
have plenty of ideas, then you can start to organise
them into a plan. Put your ideas into a logical ord er.
Each main idea or group of ideas should be the basis for
a paragraph.
Speaking 60 minutes
Picture-based discussion 40 minutes
14 Look at the four girls in the photo on page
27. Which one do you think:
does the m ost spo rt?
loves reading?
gets the hi ghest ma rks at school?
wan ts to be a doct o r?
h as the biggest family?
Give reasons. If you 're working with a
partner, discuss your ideas together.
15 Match the following description to one of
the girls.
She ha s sh o rt, mid-brown hair and quite a
warm sm ile. Sh e is rather shy and dep ends o n
her friends to give her co n fide nce. She is ve ry
affect io nate .
16 Write a similar description of one of the
other girls.
If you're working with a partner, read your
description out to your partner. Your partner
should guess which girl you are describing.
Then listen to your partner's description and
guess which girl it is about.
Smart answe r key on page 164
17 Read the text below and try to think what Debate .. 20 minutes
words would fit in the gaps. Th en ch oose
words from the list underneath the text to 19 Look at the following sta te m en ts, then put
co m p lete the text. them into the right groups in the table
below.
It ' _ _ likely to me that these girls are all at
the same school. Fro m the z_ _ they are That 's right! I couldn 't agree with you more .
sittin g toge ther, yo u can ' _ _ that they are I'm n ot su re that's tru e. I see yo ur point.
close frien ds. I _ _ tha t they spe n d a lot or Surely you don't th in k that ... Abso lutely!
time toge ther. I do n't th in k they can be siste rs, Have you considere d .. .?
because th ey 5 _ _ the same age. It's ' _ _ that I do n 't see why/h ow. My point exac tly.
they are all cousins, I suppose. Actua lly, .. . I can go along with that.
I ta ke your point. Don't you agree?
seems te ll seem possible way
expect
Agree
HOW TO STUDY
Practise describing peo ple and thing s as much as yo u
can, as often as you can. You can do it in your head
when yo u are walking or on th e bus, for example. Disagree

SPEAKING EXAM .. 10 minutes

18 Loo k a t th e p h ot o of a group of young Accept that the oth er pe rson 's right
pe o p le.
What do they look like?
How well do you think they kn ow eac h
ot he r? Persu ade the other pe rson that yo u're right
Wh at sorts of things do th ey do tog ether?
Wha t do they ta lk about?
Answers on page 164

Ad d some more exp ressio ns of your own to

each group.

SPEAKING EXAM i"" 10 minutes

20 Read the following statement, a n d d ecide

if you agree or disagree. Prepare some
argu men ts t o support your viewp o in t, then
discuss the issue with a pa rtner, responding
to any counter-arguments t h ey h ave.
Money can bu y eve ryth ing, even h appiness.
Answers on page 165

EXAM TIP
In thi s task, the fo cus is on how we ll you comm unicate
yo ur ideas - not on whet he r you are right or w rong.
Look at th e phra ses you could use in a discussio n in the
Spe aking Bank on pa ge 128 and in exe rcise 19.

Smart answ er key on page 164 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY 27

Reading ... 3S minutes
1 Read the a rt icle in exercise 4 quickly. What is
it abou t?
Th e article is about
a a ver y typical Briti sh ins titu ti on .
b the conseque nces of an unhealthy di et.
c t he way a fu ll Eng lish b reakfast is pre pa red.
2 Rea d the fo ll ow ing extra cts fr o m the text.
W hat do yo u think the underlined w ords
a nd p h ra ses mean? Work out thei r meaning
from t he co ntext (without using a
d ictiona ry).
I These small restaur ants are so common t h at
they often go un n ot iced, but if they were
removed, the co un try wo uld be o n its kn ees.
To be 011 one's knees means
a to be very h appy.
b to be nearly destroyed .
c to be ve ry diffi cult to notice.
2 ... there are h undred s of them, fu elling the
population wit h bacon, egg an d sausage.
To file! in this co ntext m eans
a to feed .
b to drive.
c to poison.
3 In a ty pical greasy spoon , yo u will find
peo ple fro m all wa lks of life. Poets, builders,
hurrying businessm en, st ude nts lazing
aro und wit h huge mugs of tea.
People from all walks of life
a are n ot ve ry we ll-off.
b co me from different soc ial gro ups .
c ha ve a lot of free time.
3 Decide which of phrases 1-8 below (taken
from the a rticle) have a positive (+) a n d
w h ic h h ave a negative (- ) meaning. Write +
or - .
I an essen ti al part of life _ _
2 a sticky, greasy layer _ _
3 a h uge me nu _ _
4 clea n an d fun cti onal _ _
5 crac ked lin oleum _ _
6 da ng erous ly un he alt hy _ _
7 abso lute ly de licio us _ _
8 noth ing ca n beat go ing to the real thing
28 SHOPS AND SERVICES
READING EXAM
4 Read the article about 'greasy spoons'. Then
complete statements 1-5 with the best
ending: a, b, C, or d.
'GreasY spoons' very rarely appear in
guidebooks, but they are an essential part of life
in the UK, especially for people living in the
bigger cities. These small restau rants are so
common that they often go unnoticed, but if they
were removed, the country wou ld be on its knees.
In London, the capital city of the greasy spoon,
there are hundreds of them , fuelling the
population with bacon , egg and sausage.
Greasy spoon cafes are so called because any
cutlery that comes into contact with the food they
offer is immediately coated with a sticky, greasy
layer of lard. More calories can be found in a cup
of tea in a good greasy spoon than in a whole
meal at a normal restaurant.
Greasy spoons are generally found slightly
away from the main streets of most towns, they
usually have large glass windows, a plastic sign
with the name of the cafe - usually containing the
name of the owner, e.g. Mario's, Bob's Place,
Rita's Cafe - and a huge menu offering a wide
variety of delights. Inside they are generally clean
and functional. You'll see old wooden seats,
tables covered with cracked linoleum and plain
walls. Each table has on it a bottle of brown
sauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots of
salt and pepper.
In a typical greasy spoon, you will find people
from al l walks of life. Poets, bu ilders, hurrying
businessmen, students lazing around with huge
mugs of tea. Some read novels, some stare into
space, and others catch up on the day's news. At
weekends there will always be large groups of
friends, recovering from a night on the town.
The meals here are dangerously unhealthy,
and absolutely delicious. All kinds of fried food
can be bought for incredibly low prices. The
centrepiece is usually the traditional English
breakfast. Although it's cal led a breakfast, you
have to be really brave to eat it first thing in the
morning, because it is huge. At least two pieces
of bacon , two sizzling sausages, two fried eggs,
Smart answer key on page 165
 ... 15 minutes
fried mushrooms, baked beans and bread soaked
in hot oil and fried . The English breakfast is full of
meat and fat. If you want something less filling,
there's still a lot to choose from ; particular
specialities are bacon or fried egg sandwiches
(or, of course , bacon andegg sandwiches). There
is also often a range of vegetarian sausages and
burgers.
Greasy spoons have some devoted followers.
Typing 'greasy spoon' into an internet search
engine will bring up hundreds of entries. With
pictu res, reviews, menus and stories, it's the next
best thing to going to a greasy spoo n cafe
yourself. But of course, noth ing can beat going to
the real thing - especially on an empty stomach.
According to th e arti cle, greasy spoo ns are
a only found in big cities.
b advertised as a to urist attract ion.
c important to many Britis h people.
d going to be removed from city centres.
2 Th e ch aracte ristic feature of grea sy spoo ns
is that they
a use a special typ e of cutlery.
b offer a lot of dish es to ch oose from .
c are furn ishe d in a sophisticated way.
d a re no t very clean .
3 Peopl e wh o co me to greasy spoons
a a re ofte n in a hurry.
b co me fro m various backgrounds.
c usually mee t friends there.
d so me t imes spe nd the night there.
4 The tradi tional Eng lish breakfast is
a n ot very cheap.
b n ot very tasty.
c served in huge porti ons.
d recommended for vegetarians.
5 Th e author of the article
a is a great fan o f grea sy spoons.
b believes greasy spoons repr esent British
tastes in food .
c learned ab out greasy spoons on th e
In tern et.
d th ink s th ey sh ould be moved away
from the ma in streets.
Gre(/se by Sam jo rdtsnn . Cunent Septe mber/ October 200 1. Mary
Glasgow Magaztnes/Scholasttc. Reprinted by pe rmission of Mary
Glasgow Magazines.
Answers on page 16S
Smart answe r key on page 165
EXAM TIP
You do not have to understand all of the words in the
text to do the task correctly. Remember that you can
guess the meaning of many words from t he co ntext.
Listening . . 25 minutes
5 Read sentences 1-10 in exe rcise 7 on page 30.
Dec ide which of the sentences below might
be the best summary of the text yo u are
going to hear.
TV commercials are the most effective
adve rtising tec hnique.
2 Supermarke t custo me rs are strongly
influenced by advertis ing.
3 It is possible to protect yourse lf aga inst the
influen ce of advertising.
6 Read the fo llowing sentences ca refu lly.
Decide wh ich two of t he three sentences
have the same m ea n ing. Tick the ma tching
sentences.
A D Man y of us think it's wron g to be
influen ced by advertising .
B D Th ose of us wh o believe our behaviour
is not influen ced by adve rtising are
wrong .
C D If yo u think ad vertising has no
influen ce on you, yo u a re clear ly
wro ng.
2 A D For most of us, matchi ng a popular
brand with its advertisi ng slogan is n ot
a problem .
B D Advertis ing slogans a re easily
recognised by mor e than 70% of
shoppers.
C D Advertising slogans are made to be
easily recog n ised and reme mbe red .
3 A D While shopping in a superma rket, you
usu ally can 't lim it yourself to you r
shop ping list.
B D Supe rma rkets use modern advertis ing
tec hniques to ma ke us bu y more tha n
necessary.
C D Shoppers in superma rkets are ofte n
unabl e to fight th e desire to bu y extra
products.
SHOPS AND SERVICES 29
LISTENING EXAM Use of English 25 minutes
. . 10 minutes

7 ~ 06 You are going to USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 1S minutes

h ea r a ra d io report on
8 Read the text. Fo r each o f the gaps 1-8, ch oose the best
a dvert isi ng. Listen and
option : a, b, c, o r d , below that fits the text logically as well
tick (,f) the five sentences
as gram mat ically.
which h ave the same
meaning a s statements in
L'Australie - c'est chic!
the report.
One of the most surprising busin ess success ' _ _ in Paris these
I 0 Some people wrongly
da ys is the Australian Bookshop . Since the sho p open ed two
believe they are not
yea rs ago, Frenc h interest in Australian literat ure z_ _ Located
influen ced by
in the heart of the city 's literary district, t h e sh o p is J _ _ by
adve rt isin g.
Elaine Lewis, from Syd ne y. Lewis said sh e co uld n't find books by
2 0 Most o f us like taking
Australian writers o n Paris shelv es, so she _ _ to reme d y the
pa rt in opin io n situa tio n . Angu s Macken zie of the Australi an embassy s_ _
su rveys.
sur prising that the Fren ch want to read Australian books - 'n o t
3 0 There's too much
because the books are not ' _ _ , but because of the language
ad vertising o n TV.
ba rrier,' h e said. French pub lisher Marc de Go uvena in thi nk s the
4 0 Mo st custo m ers trend is easy to explain, r _ _ 'In Europe, we ' _ _ see the
kn o w popular
landscape with yo ung eyes. Australian au t h ors hav e a fresh way
adve rtis ing slogans.
of see ing things.'
S 0 Th e music p laye d in
supe rmarkets has a a hi stori es S a find s
marketing rol e. b reports b find s it
6 0 Th e smell of fresh c stories c thinks that
bread makes people d ta les d thinks this
buy m or e food . 2 a grew 6 a deserving
7 0 Supe rma rket b grows b est imab le
cu st omers usually c has grow n c worth
bu y mor e than they d is gro wing d worthy
need .
3 a carried 7 a an yh ow
8 0 Ver y few people
b carried o ut b ho wever
make sho pp ing list s.
c conducted c moreover
9 0 If yo u go sh opping run d furth ermore
d
when hungry, yo u' ll
bu y too much foo d . 4 a det er mined 8 a any longer
10 0 Ch ild ren prefer go ing b concluded b n o longer
shopp ing to go ing c resolved c no soo ner
on a picnic. d solved d no m or e
An sw ers on page 165
Answers on page 16 5

9 Check your a n sw ers to exercise 8 fi rst. Then choose the best

EXAM TIP
word or phrase below to add an extra wron g answer to eac h
Sentences in the exam task and in item 1-8. Think about wh y and h ow it is a w ro ng answer.
the recording may use very similar
structures, but their meaning any mor e by t he way est imated operated rates
might be com pletely different. settled thinks about it wo u id grow
Focus on the meaning of the text,
not the meaning of individual
words. HOW TO STUDY
Remember that your task in Synonyms (wo rds th at have a similar meaning) and collocat ions (wo rds that
exercise 7 is to decide which often go together) are frequently used in multiple-choice tasks. Try to learn
sentences match the text, not any new vocabulary with its most common synonyms and collocations, and
which are true, or which you keep a record of th ese in yo ur vocabulary notebook.
agree with.

30 SHOPS AND SERVICES Smart answer key on page 165

Writing ... 75 minutes
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Look at these two opinions:
A It's important to keep po st office s ope n.
B Th e Int ernet is mor e useful than post offices.
Now read the n ine statements below and
d ecid e if you think they su pp ort opinion A
or op in ion B.
I _ Email is very po pular these days.
2 _ Post offices are im portan t in the
comm un ity.
3 _ Many people don't have co mp uters.
4 _ If you bu y goo ds from websites,
somebody has to deliver them.
5 _ Ema iling saves paper and petrol - it's
good for the environ me n t .
6 _ Intern et co m mu n ication is cheap or free
an d it arrives immediately.
7 _ The re are more post al services than the
Internet can provid e.
8 _ You ca n h ave access to the Int ern et at
any time and an y place.
9 _ Post o ffices belong to the past, not the
present.
11 Th in k about the two opinions a n d the list of
statements in exe rcise 10. Decide if you agree
more with A or B. Try to think of ways of
arguing ag ainst the points you don't agree
with . Write three more statements, using
your own ideas .
12 Look aga in at the statements you agree with
in exerci se 10, and at your own counter-
a rgu men ts in exercise 11. What is the m ost
logical order for these arguments? Which
point should be made first, then second, and
so on? Number the statements 1, 2, etc.
13 Two words a rc missing from each sentence.
Write in the co rrec t words.
This is not _ _ easy question to de cid e; the
issue is com plicated and many factors ha ve
to _ _ consi de red .
2 _ _ is true that com puters can achi eve
man y thi ngs, but _ _ all these things are
good .
3 Com m u n icatio n is very important th ese
days, an d we ha ve various ways _ _
com m un icate with _ _ other.
4 We are livi ng in a time _ _ great ch ange,
so it is h ard to kn ow wh at _ _ go ing to
h appen .
Smart answer key on page 166
WRITING EXAM . . so minutes
14 Write an essay, in 150-200 words, for or
against the Iollowing statement:
Post offices sh ould close. In the age of the
Internet, they are no longer n ecessary.
Answers on page 166
EXAM TIP
To write a for/against essay, you need to have a number
of relevant points th at you wish to make. You need to
organise these points carefully, so that yo u present yo ur
argument in a logical order. It is impo rtant that th e
reader can follow yo ur argument. Look at the Writing
Bank on page 139 for an exam ple and further advice.
Speaking .. so minutes
Situational role-play .. 30 minutes
15 Put the underlined words into the correct
order in these sentences to m ake questions.
1 Wh at for wo u ld time like you go me yo u to
shopping?
2 Wh at n eed do to me for get you things you?
3 How alt ogether you spe n d are to mu ch
prepared?
4 Which sh ould you do I th in k to go sh ops?
5 Wh en supermarket the today sh ut do es?
6 Who are present the going to you to give?
7 Why you don 't pack larger th e want?
16 Th ere is a mistake in each sentence. Ca n you
correct the wrong word?
A I n eed tHe ne w came ra battery an d some
printer pape r. a
B I expec t you' ll find everyth in g by Low Price
Sto re. _
C Here's a 20 note - I can 't afford much than
th at. _
D It wou ld be great that you went tom orrow
morning. _
E It's to my cousin and his wife's wedding
an n iversary. _
F I don't use it ve ry ofte n, so they last me a
long time. _
G I'm not sure if it's 7 an d 8. _
17 Match each a nswer A-G in exercise 16 to a
question 1-7 in ex ercise IS .
18 If yo u ' re working with a partner, practise
asking a n d answering the q u estio ns in pairs.
If yo u ' re working alone, cover the a nswers in
exercise 16 and try to answer the questions
using your own id ea s.
SHOPS AND SERVICES 31
 HOW TO STUDY SPEAKING EXAM ~ 5 minutes
In the exam, you shouldn't need to th ink too hard
23 Look at the two photos, which show
about how to form questions. Practise making different
kinds of questions, so that you can ask them easily. different ways of shopping. Co m p a re and
contrast them, including the following
points:
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
ava ilab ility / o pe n ing hours
19 Your friend has sprained his or her ankle prices
and has to stay at home. You offer to go deliveries
sho pping for you r fri end. sta ff
guaran tees
Agree a time when you will go shopping.
Answers on page 166
Find o ut what t h in gs yo ur friend need s.
Ask about pr ices. EXAM TIP
Discu ss wh ich sho ps you'll need to go to.
Preparing for a speaking exam is different from
Answers on page 166
preparing for a writing exam . Pla nning is very im port ant
before w riting, but, in th e speaking exam, it's very
Picture-based discussion 30 minutes
important to keep talking . Try and practise speaking
20 Match the beginnings of sentences 1-5 ahout continuously for 3-5 minutes on the to pics that will be
shopping with the conclusions a-c. featured in the exam .

I Sho ps a ren 't o pe n for

2 Yo u ca n't see and touch the goods
3 Yo u ca n 't ask a sales assistant
4 Goods have the same guarantees
5 Goods are often more expensive
a in sho ps and on websites.
b o n a web sit e like you can in a sh o p.
c in sh o ps than o n websites.
d qu esti ons o n a web site.
e as long as web sit es.

21 Read the sentences in exercise 20 again and

write five more sentences with your own
ideas ahout shopping, technology and
modern life.
Example:
Most sho ps aren't open 24 hours a day.

22 Use the phrases below to complete the

sentences.
Compared to If we co nsi der The issue o f
Un like

I _ _ shops, web sites can be visite d 24 / 7.

2 _ _ webs ites, shops offer a more friendly
ex pe rience for t he custo me r.
3 _ _ the qu esti on of price, internet
sho pping is usually cheaper.
4 _ _ de live ries is more important with
web sit es, becau se all their goods have to be
deliv ered .

32 SHOPS AND SERVIC ES Smart answer key on page 166

Smart answer key on page 166 SHOPS AND SERVICE S 33
Reading
1 Read the questions below and fin d answers to them in the
article in exercise 2. Try to do this within four minutes.
1 What secto r o f the Jap an ese m arket is the text about?
2 W hat grou p of cus to mers d o es it co ncern?
3 W hat m ak es this gro u p exceptio nal?
READING EXAM
2 Read the article a bout shopping trends in Ja p an, and d ecide which of se ntences
1-8 are true (T) and which are false (F), a c cord in g to the text.
BUSY LITTLE BUYERS
It's a typ ical Sunday afternoon at Tokyo's Girl Is
Girl store and cus tome rs crow d into thi s mecca of
ja pane se teen fashion. Ll-year-old Chihiro hold s
up a lem on yellow sh irt w ith hearts and stars and
says lon gingl y, 'This is so cute. The next time I'll
come wi th Mum .' Her two friends nod in
agreement.
C hih iro and her fri ends are no ordinary
shop pe rs; they are abo ut the only d ynamic
consumers left in the slug gish Japanese economy
Mark eters call them 'bubble juniors': the 9- to 14-
year-old dau ghters of japanese women who spent
lavi shly as ca ref ree twentysomethings during
jap an 's 'bubble' years of the 1980s. They are the
potential trendsett ers , like college girls in the
1980s and high-school girl s in the 1990s.
Since Japan entered its reces sion , th e retail-
clothing industry ha s been in a tailspin. Clothes
sales at jap an 's department stores have shru nk by
almos t 10% in th e last five year s. All th e
traditional market sectors - men's, women 's and
children's - have suffered. Only recently did
jap anese clothing lines aw aken to the purchasing j
power of the bubble juniors.
The girls are a unique and profitable nich e.
They d on't w an t to wear what's in the kid s'
section . Rather, they mix mature styles with bright
colours and child like frills . Last March an entire
floor of one of Tokyo's biggest fashi on sho pping
centres w as ren ovated to serve the jun ior girls.
Sales have since jumped 30%.
The m arke t expa ns ion is all th e more
impressive given that the target age group is
shrinking. While it may not be an endless supply
o f co ns u me r en ergy, thi s bright sp o t in th e
nati onal economy is enough to excite ev erybody
from clothing de signer s to magazine publishers.
J 8 Ma rket t rends emerging in Ch in a are similar
_-----~----~--J
34 SHOPS AND SERVICES
~ 25 minutes EXAM TIP
Reme mber to mark a sente nce as
true only if it fully, and not only
partly, matches the informat ion in
the text.
~ 15 minutes
Total financial d ep enden ce on their parents
w ould seem to be a se rious strike aga ins t these
junior shop pers. But it's not a problem , say
anal ysts. A girl often has a fashionable mum and
two set s of doting grandpare nts. Bubble mums,
unlike those o f ea rlie r ge ne ra tions, a re
comfortable spe nding a fortune on ou tfits that
might be w orn for only one season.
Industr y insiders are betting that the bubble-
junior craze can be exported elsewhe re in Asia. So
far th e signs look good . Nicola, a monthly
magazine that is the bible for bubble juni ors,
pr inted 10,000 copies of an issue in Shang ha i,
China, and im mediately sold out. The affluent
midd le class in China's coas tal cities offers more
yo ung cus tomers. Their increasing in teres t in
fashion and the culture in which the y take good
care of their children is promisin g.
Ad apted from Newsweek
--
1 ' Bu b ble ju niors' are a ll Japa nese children
fro m a certain age group. T / F
2 Young girls have been known to set fas h ion
trends in Japan before. T / F
3 Clot h es sa les in Ja p an have increased by
10% in recent yea rs. T / F
4 Japanese 9- to 14-year-ol d girls choose
clothes tha t give them a mature loo k . T / F
5 Analys ts estimate t h e number of 'bubble
juniors' in Jap an w ill shrink. T / F
6 Young girls ' m others today ar e less w illing
t han their grandparents to spen d on thei r
children's clothes. T / F
7 Nicola magazine se lls 10,000 copies ea ch
month. T / F
to those in Japa n . T / F
Answers
Smart answer key on page 166
Listening 40 minutes EXAM TIP
Make sure yo u are goo d at w riting
3 lIr 07
Listen to the recording and ti ck which word o r
down all the different kinds of
number yo u h ear in eac h ca se. numbers and letters you might
1 MET / M IT possibly hear in the listening exam.
2 June the 13t h / June th e 30th You don't want to make basic mistakes
3 Jo hn / joan / [an and lose valuable points!
4 GJX / JGX
5 F524 / FF24
Use of English 25 minutes
6 34.99 / 39.49 / 34.49
7 0457 8834 / 0475 838 4 / 04 57 3384 6 Read the title of the article in
8 VBVW / VBWV / VBBW exercise 8 on page 36. Which
4 If you're working with a partner, take turns to say one of of the following sentences do
the words or numbers from exercise 3 and to say which you th ink best summarises
yo u h ear you r p artner sayin g . what the article is going to be
about?
HOW TO STUDY a Tea sales have reach ed record
levels in the UK, thanks to
If you're working with a partner, ask each other about the info rmation
global warming.
below. Make sure you ask questions correctly. W rite down what you hear
your partner say, and then compare notes. Ask each other to spell any b The increase in the interest in
unfamiliar words . tea wor ldw ide is having an
a date of birth effect on sales in the UK.
b mother's birthday c In creasin g tempe rat ures
c phone number(s) and/o r email address wor ldw ide are h aving a
d father's full name n egati ve effect on sales of tea
e the longest English word you know in th e UK.
f the names of five English cities you know
9 the names of five international sportsmen and sportswomen you 7 Read the a rticl e quickly.
know An swer the following
questions.

LISTENING EXAM ~ 1S m inutes 1 What impact has global

warming had on the world?
S lIr 08 You will h ear a customer phoning to order some 2 How much tea did British
goods from a com pa ny. Before you listen, read the order people consume annually in
form below carefully. Think a bou t the kind of words or 199 7 and in 2002?
numbers you will need to write in the gaps. 3 What d rinks are becom ing
m ore po pul ar?
4 Which three cou n tries are t he
b iggest co nsu mers of tea?

Order Form

Name : J55icA _

Address: 18 ~ir.et , E>ytord

Post code : _

Item ordered: ===-_

Colour: _

Price:

Free gift selected: _

An sw e r5 on pag e 161

Smart answe r key on page 16 7 SHOPS AND SERVICES 35

 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes WRITING EXAM ~ ss minutes
8 Read the following article about tea consumption in 11 You recently re turned from a
Britain . Fill in ea ch gap with one word o n ly to complete holiday organised by
the text. SunTraveI. The h oliday was
not a success: you h ad a
Global Warming Hits UK Tea Sales number of problems. Write a
Global warming ha s ' blam ed for the h ole in the letter of complaint to
ozone layer, h igher pollution and melting the ice caps - Cu stomer Services a t
now, it is bein g blame d for declining sales of th e Briti sh Su n Travel, including the
national beverage. fo llowin g information:
In 2002, the average Brit d ran k 1,000 cups per yea r - or, 2.2 brief details of the holiday
kilograms of tea. Th is m ay soun d a a but sales were you booked
down from 2.6 kilograms in 199 7. ' from the fact a description of wha t wen t
that temperatures are risin g globally, more an d more tea wro ng
drinkers are turning ' co ffee whe n they fancy a an exp lana tio n of how this
hot be verage. Sales of iced tea, S , are on the rise, affected you
and sales of healthy drink alternatives, ' as fruit a req uest for co m pe nsa tion.
tea s, also con tin ue to grow. Wri te 200-250 words.
But 1 though the Brits are look in g ' _
Answers on page 167
alternatives to the Great Brit ish Cup of Tea, they are still the
seco nd h ighest co nsu me rs of the drink in the wo rld. India is LANGUAGE TIP
the third biggest na tion of tea drinkers, an d Turkey is first.
Your form al lett ers w ill be more
Answers on page 167 effective if they con tain some m ore
com plex sentences. Practi se fo rm ing
EXAM TIP sentences like this, using different
linking words.
M ake sure you use only one wo rd fo r each space and never leave a space
em pty. You do n't lose points for giving a wro ng answer. Rem em ber, you
usua lly need g ram ma r wo rds in th e gaps. Speaking 45 minutes

Picture-based discussion
Writing 7 5 minutes
25 minutes
Writing a letter of complaint 12 Look at this list of things to
9 Which of these problems do you think would be the worst co nsid er when you go
on a holiday? Why? shopping. Decide whether they
are better in small local shops
A lat e flight C dirty room
or large supermarkets . Write
B noisy hotel D guided tour cancelled
down you r re aso n s.
10 The foll o win g a re sentences about the holiday problems in ch o ice of goods
ex ercise 9. Use th e linking word in brackets to combine customer servic e
each pair of sentences into one sentence. parking
lOur flight was dela yed by three hours. We didn 't receive an transport lin ks
exp lanation . (alth ough) securi ty
Alth ough _ fresh n ess of food
2 O ur h ot el room was never clean ed during our stay. We were
ext remely sur prised. (because)
____ beca use _
3 The guided to ur of the hi storic city cen tre was can celled. It
was ve ry di sappointing. (th at)
_ _ _ _ that _
4 We cou ld hear cars an d bu ses all night. We becam e terribly
tired . (because)
____ because _

Now m a tc h each sentence to a problem A-D above.

36 SHOPS AND SERVICES Smart answer key on page 167

13 Look at these sentences which people said
about the list in exercise 12. Eac h sentence
contains a mistake. Ca n you find and correct
the mistakes?
I By m y opi nion, super markets offer an
exce llen t range of di fferen t goo ds to ch oose
fro m.
2 I th in k h ow supermarkets h ave too many
products on the ir she lves .
3 What do I wa nt with twe n ty kinds of
washi ng powder - on ly I ha ve one wash ing
machi n e.
4 It's m uc h bett er to be choice when you are
shopping - there are so man y deliciou s foods
in the wo rld and I don't want to mi ss any.
4 A If shops are ope n on Su ndays, sh op
assistants sh ould get anothe r day off eac h
week.
B Probably. But, on the ot he r hand, if .. .
5 A It's less stressfu l to do your shopping if
you've got mo re time to do it.
B You're right. But does this mea n ...
6 A Sun day open ing is profitable.
B I see. Co uld yo u tell me a bit more
abo ut ...
HOW TO STUDY
Practise d iff erent ways of respond ing to your part ner's
argume nts. Look at the Spea king Bank on page 128 to
find more useful phrases and expressions.

14 Choose from the linking words below to ,

com p lete the sen tences. SPEAKING EXAM .. 10 minutes

and alth oug h despite becaus e 17 Read the following statement, and decide
if you agree or disagree with it. Th en
1 _ _ our superm arket is rather a long way prepare arguments to support you r views.
fro m our h ou se, there's a frequent bu s
service. Shop s sh ould n ot be op en o n Sundays .
2 Our local sh op sells most things I n eed,
_ _ you don 't h ave to worr y about Discuss the sta tem en t with a partner,
parkin g. responding to any counter-arguments they
have.
3 Th ey sho uld ha ve secur ity guards in our
supermarket car park _ _ th ere are people Answers on page 168
tr yin g to stea l fro m ca rs in it.
4 _ _ all their ad verti sem ents, I don't really
th ink our supe rm arket is really very good
va lue for money.

SPEAKING EXAM .. 5 minutes

15 The two photos show different kinds of

shop. Co m p a re and contrast the pictures.
How a re they different in terms of what
they offer the customer?
An"iiwers on page 168

EXAM TIP
When yo u' re looking at two pho tos, think of as many
differences as you can, to give you ideas about w hat to
say.

Debate 20 minutes

16 Read the followi ng mini-di alogues and

co m p lete the missing responses.
A Th e wee kend should be spe n t with the
fam ily.
B Th at's true , but ...
2 A People who work can 't do th eir sh opping
on wee kdays if sh ops close early.
B Well, I agree to some exten t - h owever, ...
3 A Sh opping is a for m of en terta in me n t.
B I' m no t sure I agree with th at becau se ...

Smart answer key on page 168 SHOPS AND SERVICES 37

Reading ~ 35 m inutes
1 Read the first paragraph of the
text in exercise 4 qu ickly.
Don 't fill in the gaps yet.
Which heading below, A or B,
do you think would match the
paragraph?
A A view from a helicopter
B How the English live
2 Match the following headings
to each of the paragraphs 2-5 .
A A maze of streets
B A hidden artist in every
Englishman
C No such number
0 The nation of nest builders
3 Read the following extracts
from the text. Circle the words
that the underlined words refer
to in each extract 1-3 below.
lOur neighbours were from
Argentina. Their two litt le
daughters were th e nices t
children I've ever seen .
2 We decided to put the house
up for saie. The price we set
wasn't high, so we soon
found somebody interested in
buying it.
3 She was born in the country
and spent her chil dhood in a
small quiet village. She
considered it the ha pp iest
period in her life. That was
the reason why she always
dreamed of buying a sma ll
house and moving away from
London.
EXAM TIP
Missing sentences always refer to w hat
comes before or after each gap.
Underline the words in each missing
sentence and in the text w hich help
yo u choose the righ t sentence. When
you have completed the text, check
that the extra sentence doesn't fit any
of the gaps.
38 HOME
READING EXAM
4 Read the fo llowing extract fro m a book about En glish
people. Five sentences have been removed fro m the text.
Fill in ga ps 1- 5 w ith th e m issing sentences from A- F. Th ere
is one extra sentence that won't fit any gaps .
(1) If you look from a helicopter at any English town,
you will see that the residential areas consist almost
entirely of rows of small boxes , each with its own
little patch of green. ' _ _ The princ iple, however,
will be clear: the English all want to live in their own
private houses with their own private garde ns.
(2) What you cannot see from your helicopter, you
will learn as soon as you try to visit an English home.
' _ _ Some humorists claim this is the result of 'a
conspiracy to mislead foreigners ', pointing out that
our streets are never straight, every time a street
bends , it is given a different name , there are at least
60 confusing synonyms for 'street', and the
numbe ring of the houses is hopelessly illogical.
(3) The house numbers are at least as well
camo uflaged as the street names. ' __ One taxi-
driver explained : 'An Englishman's home is his
castle , right? We can 't act ually have massive walls
around it, but we can make it difficult to get to.'
(4) The Englishman's ho me is much more than just
his castle; it is also his identity and his prime
obsession. ' _ _ The mania for home improvements
is widespread . Research shows that only 2% of
English males and 12% of females have never done
any Do-lt-Yourself.
(5) Working on home improvemen ts is an
opportunity to exercise our creative talents. ' _ _
Although it may sometimes be an economic
necessity, we see the arrangement, furn ishing and
decorating of our homes as an expression of our
unique personal taste.
Smart answer key on page 168
 ~ 1S minutes Listening ... 15 minutes

A You may h ave its add ress
and a map , but you will
have great di fficu lty in
find ing the h ou se yo u are
lookin g for.
B Or at least that's h ow we
like to think of it.
e Th is is an unwritten rule
of home ow ne rsh ip a nd
the moving-in ritua l.
D They are either h idden , or
even not there at all.
E In better-off areas, these
boxes will be fur ther
apa rt, an d the green
patches attached to th em
will be larger.
F Th is is why a hou se is not
some th ing you just
passively ' have', it is
some th ing yo u co nsta n tly
'work on' .
S Loo k at the info rmat ion in the table in exercise 6. For ea ch
item 1-7, decide w h ic h of the number s A-H are definitel y
wrong. Think about what so rt of in formation you 're trying to
match.
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
6 '" 09 First read the information below. You a re go ing to hear
a yo u n g college student talking about the places he's lived
in. Match the information in column A to the right numbers
in column B. There is one number that yo u ca n't match to
a ny information.
A B
1 th e distance of the village where the speaker was A 3
born from the capita l, in kilo metres B 2
2 th e age of the speake r whe n hi s brother was born C 20
3 th e size of the family flat in the capital, in o 1988
square metres E 4
4 th e number of bed rooms in the famil y flat in F 2003
the cap ital G 68
5 the year the spea ker wen t to school H 38
6 th e number of stude n ts in the spea ker's first
school class
7 th e number of studen ts the speaker first sha red a
flat with at co llege
Answers on page 168

EXAM TIP
In this type of task, the best thing to d o as you' re waiting for the recording to
start is to qu ickly read through the items and to eliminate all the op tions that
are d efinitely w rong for each item A-H . This way yo u'll have few er answ ers to
choose from .

Use of English ... 20 minutes

7 Read the description in exercise 8 on page 40. Don't fill in any

ga ps yet. Com p lete the inventory of Miss Stoner's room with
the missing information.

BEDROOM
piece of furn itu re nu mb er of item s
..(:'ire..place.

Answers on page 168

Smart answer key on page 168 HOME 39

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 10 minutes Writing .... 110 minutes

8 Read part of a Sherlock Holmes story. Writing an email ~ 40 minutes

Ch oose the be st option: a, b, c, o r d, to fill
the gaps in the text. 9 Ca n yo u find a nd correct the si x mistakes in
this pa ra gr aph ?
A small side door ' _ _ into the wh ite - I t hi nk t he best place in wor ld is the hi sto ric
was hed corridor fro m wh ich the th ree town of Bu ry St Edm un ds. I kn o w this town too
bedrooms opened. We a_ _ at o nce to the we ll because it 's where I am bo rn . It's bea utifu l
one in which Miss Stone r was no w slee ping, town, and there's a ma rket eve ry week - visito rs
and in w hich her sister ' _ _ wit h her fate. It came fro m everyw here . The local people is
was a cosy little room, wit h a lo w ' _ _ an d friendl y.
a gaping firepl ace, the sty le of old co un try
ho uses. A brown chest of d rawers stood in 10 Rea d the exam task in exercise 12 carefu lly.
one corner, a narrow bed in 5_ _ , and a Then lo ok a t the paragrap h in exercise 9
d ressing table o n the left-h and side of the aga in. As a n answer to the exam ta sk, does it
window. These articles, wit h two sm all co n tain a ll t h e req ui red information?
wickerwork chairs, ' _ _ all the fu rnit ure in
11 Use yo ur own idea s to complete this text.
the room, save for a sq ua re of Wilton ca rpe t
in th e centre. Ho lmes dr ew o ne of the ch airs As far as I'm concerned, the best place in t he
in to a co rner and sat in ' _ _ r wh ile his eyes wo rld is called _
travelled ro und and rou n d and up and do wn, This wonderful is situate d _
taking ' _ _ eve ry detail of the apart me nt. How do I know about it? Well, for o n e thing, 1
_ __ _ . I can recommend it to an yo ne
1 a carried 5 a o t he r becau se of _
b led b another
c gu ide d c seco n d
d took d the secon d WRITING EXAM ~ 20 minutes
2 a arr ive d 6 a m ad e u p
12 You see t h is announcem e nt on the
b en tered b lined up
Internet. Write an email reply in 40-50
c reached c put up
words.
d passed d took up
3 a wa s m et 7 a silen t
b h ad met b silence THE BEST PLACE IN THE WORLD:
c was meeting c quietl y
d will
4 a floor
m eet d
8 a
silen t ly
in where is it?
b ceiling b on Email us a nd tel l us w hy t he place
c window c through w he re yo u live, or a not he r pla ce
d wa lls d up yo u know w e ll, is th e best pla ce in
Answers on page 169
the wo rld .
We w a nt to know:
EXAM TIPS w ha t it 's ca lled
Whe n you read t he text for the first time, igno re th e w he re it is
gaps, and just try to get a general sense of what it is ho w yo u know abo ut it
abou t. w hy yo u recomme nd it.
Always check yo ur a nswers to make sure they fit
logically as well as grammatically.
Answers on page 169

EXAM TIP
Fifty words isn't very long for a text, particularly if you
are required to includ e a nu mber of pieces of
inform at ion . It 's im portant to practise w rit ing relevant
and accurate sente nces so that you can produce
suitable short tex ts in th e exam.

40 HOM E Smart answ er key on page 169

Writing an informal letter ~ 70 minutes Speaking ... 65 minute s

13 Look at the instructions for exercise 16. Make notes under the Situational role-play
following headings a b ou t your town. Write at least three ideas
... 2 5 minutes
in each group.
17 Look at what advice some
Places to visit Activities to do Food and drink people gave about choosing
to try a n area to live in. Match
the first part of ea ch
sentence 1-4 with the
seco n d part A-D .
1 Being near a h otel isn 't so
important
2 It 's ni ce to h ave a friendly
resta ura nt nearb y
3 You shou ld find out
4 It's good to be nea r the
sh ops

If you're working w it h a partner, discuss you r ideas together. A if you sudden ly rea lise
you need b read .
14 Put the words into the co rrec t order to make sentences with B for times whe n yo u do n 't
gaps at th e en d of ea ch one. wa nt to cook.
C what spo rts you can do in
lOne really p lace is visit m us t you _ _ .
t he area.
2 I goi ng suggest to a lso _ _ .
D if you h ave your own
3 As for sure I'm activities , en joy you'd _ _ .
home .
4 Anothe r to interesting is do thing _ _ .
5 When hungry you feel, forget don't eat to _ _ . 18 Here are some more
6 A drin k ca lled love is you'll _ _ . opinions a bou t where to
live. Ch oos e the co rrect
15 Use you r ideas from exercise 13 to complete the sentences in
alternativ e: A o r B, to
ex ercise 14 .
complete each se n te n ce .
1 In m y op in ion, _ _ is
WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes the m ost im portant th in g.
A living near yo ur school
16 Read part of a letter you have received from your penfriend
B your h ome n ear you r
abroad. Write a reply in about 200 words.
school
2 If yo u live in a flat or on ly
50 I'm r'cClllj 10 0 b V1') fOr'WClr'd t~ h ave a sm ali garde n, _ _
to live close to a park.
GOm'V1.') to jOur' GOUV1tr'j - f;V1Cl11l But ,t 5 A it 's almost im portant
50 5Cld tl,.,Clt I'm GOm;V1.') WI,.,CV1 JOU Clr'C B it 's q uite importa n t
ClWCll AV1jWClj) GClV1 JOU tclI mc . WI,.,Clt 3 Perso na liy, _ _ bein g
nea r a cine ma is very
plClGC5 I 51,.,ould .')0 to) WI,.,Clt fi,.,'V1.')5 I
import ant beca use you
51,.,ould do) ClV1d WI,.,Clt tl,.,;V1.')5 I 51,.,ould CClt can watch DVDs at home.
ClV1d dr' ;V1IL? A I'm n ot thinki ng
B I don 't t h ink
4 What do you th in k abo ut
the im portance _ _ n ear
Answers on page 169 resta ur ants?
A to live
EXAM TIP B of livin g
When preparing and planning to write letters, pay attention to all the 5 How im por tan t are sports
required relevant inform ation. Make sure you use an appropriate style for the
facilities from your _ _ ?
reader of your letter.
A poin t of view
B opinion

Smart answer key on page 169 HOM E 41

 SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes 22 Think about jobs. Make two lists under these
headings. Write at lea st five jobs for each
19 Your friend and his/her family are moving group.
home soon. You have agreed to give them Job s in the cou n try
advice about choosing a new place to live. Job s in the city
Discuss the points below with your friend,
and decide which two are most important. Which jobs do you think are better? Why?
shops 23 Use words fro m the list below to complete
sports facilities this paragraph.
restaurants
hotel find pr efer lives ti red looking
cinema
As somebody who ' _ _ and wo rks in th e city,
schools
I always z_ _ to go into the cou ntryside for
park my h olidays. When I'm 3 _ _ of the noise, the
Answers on page 169
traffic, and th e stress, I iove to ' _ _ peace and
quiet . I en joy s _ _ at the su nset an d breathing
EXAM TIP
the clean air.
If someone tells you their opin ion, it's better to respond
to it first before saying your own idea. Practise ways of
doing this, using: SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
Oh really!
Do you? 24 Look at the two photos on page 43. One
That's interesting. shows the countryside and the other shows
I see what you mean. the city. Compare and contrast them.
You can find similar useful phrases in the Speaking Bank Which one is more similar to where you
on page 128. live?
How are people's lives different in the
Picture-based discussion ~ 40 minutes countryside?
Are job opportunities different in the city
20 Co m p lete this text by writing one word in and countryside?
each gap. Where would you prefer to spend your
Actuall y n either ' _ _ these pictures is very holidays, the city or countryside?
similar to the pla ce where I live. My home is in Answers on page 170
th e subur bs of a large city, so it 's more green
a_ _ th e city centre. It's also less crowded and EXAM TIP
more peaceful. However, it's 3 _ _ as quiet or Sometimes, especially if you are feeling nervous, you
as gree n as the real countryside. ' _ _ fact , may feel stuck for ideas in the exam. If this happens,
these da ys, the 'real' cou n tryside s _ _ don 't panic. Instead, im agin e w hat op inions othe r
di sappearing fast, as the population continues people that you know well (family, friends) might have
' _ _ increase. ' _ _ addition, people want about the subject. Then you can express these opinions.
larger and larger houses, and these of course
require more land to be built a_ _ .

21 Use your own ideas to make complete

sentences.
I People who live in the city ha ve more

2 If you live in the coun try, you' re more

3 There's more in cities.

4 You feel more in the countryside.

42 HOME Smart answer key on page 169

Smart answer key on page 170 HOME 43
Reading ... 30 minutes
---
1 Read the title of the text in exercise 2 . Then choose the right answer to
the question.

What is the article about?

a Young people studying art and the architecture of old buildings.
b Students living in places that used to serve other purposes.
c Stylists who give advice to students on how to convert old places.

READING EXAM

2 Read the b r ochure on four d ifferent student resi dences i n t h e USA.

Decide which of the places A-D is desc ribed i n each sen tence 1-9.

The Art of Living in Style

Converted spaces and older places lend style to student living

efore you go to the nearest Huge insta lling industrial-looking stee l walls to the

B Apartment Megaplex to find your living

space for the next semester. let it be
known that there are alternatives. With a littl e
patience and time to search around Tucson' s
historic downtown and university areas. you may
be able to find an older residence that makes up
in style for what it lacks in modern conveniences.
a place that had been many. many thi ngs before
it became a place for you to call home.
Lauren Benz and her four room-mates live in
Studio Apartme nts. in the mostly commercial
downtown area . Their loft-style apartment. which
has been a graphic desig n stud io and a
recording stud io, has a few problems other
apartments don't. There is no heating system.
no centra l cooling system, no reside ntial garbage
service, no mail serv ice and no parking. But the
benefits of living in their apartment are
numerous. The open architecture has allowed
the room-mates to host parties with up to 600
guests, with space left over to allow bands to
perform.
Henry Elect ric Apartme nts is another
converted space . A former electric store opened
in 1935, the buildi ng was divided into four
separate apartments two years ago.
The contractors that renovated the building
left the original, polished, concrete floors, while
main room and recycled pool ti les to the
bathroom . They also left the original Henry
Electric sign out fro nt , which can invite some
confused visitors to the property. Residents have
come out of their bedrooms to find elder ly men
browsing through their belongings , looking for
electrical suppl ies .
Rincon Apartments, located on North Sixth
Avenue and East University Boulevard, are older
apartments that boast the kind of early 20th
century architecture one won't find in brand new
places. 'It's the very first apartment building
built in Tucson. It was built in 1908,' said owner
and manager Margaret Sokser. 'The historic
bUilding has seventeen units in it,' she said,
noting that over the years, there has been a fair
mix of student and non-student residents. Each
apartment has wooden floors, high ceilings and
a fireplace .
Another apartme nt build ing in the univers ity
area, the Castle Apartm ents, on the corner of
North Euclid Avenue and East Adam Street, was
a hospital, tuberculosis sanitarium , nursing
home, convent and vacatio n lodge befo re
becoming an apartment building. The building,
which was originally built in 1906, has thirty-two
apartments and is mostl y occupied by
upperclassmen and graduate students, according

44 HOME Smart answer key on page 170

 EXAM TIP
Before you read the text, try to predict what it is about
from the title and the exam task items. Read the task
items carefully to know w hat inform ation you' re going to
be looking for in the text. Scan the text quickly to find
the information. Try not to spend too much time reading
the text slow ly again and again from beginning to end.
... 20 minutes
to owner Kathy Busch. Castle res ide nt Becky
Blacher said living in a s mall complex owned by
one pe rson instead of a company made it
poss ible for her to have an a rt s how the re.
'Kathy was really excited .' s he said about
talking to he r landlord in preparation for the
show. 'She 's so cool. What ot her landlord
wo uld let you put holes in ce ment walls?'
Blacher sai d.
A St udio Apartments
B Henry Electric Apart me n ts
C Rin con Apartments
D Castle Apartments
Whic h reside nce is it?
1 It on ly provides th e most essen tia l
co nven iences. 0
2 It was o riginally designed to serve as a
residen tial prop erty. 0
3 It used to se rve healthcar e purposes. 0
4 It is unusuall y spac io us. 0
5 It h as the biggest numbers of apartments
to let . 0
6 It is so me times mi staken for a sh op. 0
7 It was used by musicians. 0
8 It was o n ly co nverted in to apa rt me nts a
short time ago. 0
9 The peo ple who live the re seem to h ave
goo d relati onships with the owne r. 0
Answers on page 170
Smart answer key on page 170
Listening 20 minutes
3 Read the instructions a n d sen tences 1-7 in
exercise 5 carefully. Ch oose the be st option:
a, b, or c, to com p lete the following
statements about the text.
1 The text yo u are going to hea r is abo ut
a wha t doctors do in Austra lia.
b life in a remote place .
c the Internet .
2 The outback is
a a part of the country far away from cities .
b a n ew syste m for teaching ch ildren .
c a m ed ical emergency centre.
4 Read se n t en ces 1-7 in exercise 5 again, and
decide w h ich of the following topics are
likely (.f) to be discussed in the record in g,
and which a ren't likel y (X).
En te rt ain me n t 0 Educa tion 0
Sh op ping 0 Distances between people 0
Med ica l care 0 Industry 0
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
S ~ 10 First read se n tenc es 1-7 bel ow. You
a re going to hear pa rt of a radio
programme. Decide which of the se n tences
a re true (T), and which are false (F),
ac co rd in g to the recording .
1 Some people in the out back live over 100
kilometres aw ay from their nearest
neighbours. T I F
2 Everybo dy in the outback h as at least a
telephone to keep in touch wit h t he
wo rld . T I F
3 In an emergency, doct ors use jeeps to get
to the pat ien t. T I F
4 It does n 't take th e doct ors m ore than
n inety m inutes to get to any place in t he
ou tbac k. T I F
5 The re are o nly th irteen doct or s for
150,000 peopl e. T I F
6 Ch ildren living in the ou tback do not go
to school at all. T I F
7 The ch ildren in the outback ca n
co m m unicate wit h their teac hers by two-
way radi o an d pos t . T I F
An sw er s on page 170
EXAM TIPS
Before you listen to th e recordin g, read the instruction
and the true/false sentences carefully to find out what
the text will be about. If the text contains words you
don't know, try to guess the ir meanin g from the context.
If there is no information in the recording that confirms
that a sentence is true, it should be marked as false.
HOME 45
Use of English
40 minutes
6 Which sen tence is correct :
A or B? In the wrong
sen te n ce, d elet e the extra
word that you d on 't need.
1 A I get on very well with
m y cousin.
B I get on th e bus with
just outside my h ous e.
2 A My au n t gro ws up her
own vegetables.
B My un cle grew up in a
small villag e in the
mountains.
3 A I en joy watc hing it
football, but I am no
good at pla ying it .
B I like listening to
m usic, but I can't play
any .
4 A I thin k a good sense of
humour is more
important th an what
someone looks like.
B Altho ug h I like how he
looks like, I think h e's
very borin g to talk to.
5 A My aunt who is my
favourite relat ive an d
h er cooking is
fantastic.
B There's a castle ne ar
whe re I was born,
wh ich is a fascina ting
building .
7 Put a, the, or - (no article)
in each gap.
1 _ _ populati on of _ _
USA is 250 milli on .
2 _ _ m ost interestin g
person I know is _ _ m y
friend Tomas.
3 _ _ people are _ _
same all ove r _ _ wo rld .
4 _ _ pollution is
threatening _ _ future
of _ _ earth.
5 I love _ _ life an d I lov e
being in _ _ love.
46 HOM E
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 20 minutes
8 In many lines o f the following text there is one wrong word,
which should not be there. Find the wrong word, cro ss it out
and write it at the end of the line. Some lines are co rrec t .
Tick (,I) the correct lines. There are two examples at the
beginning.
o In many ways, the history of architecture is the hisfory -:!-
00 of fhe rnatenals used lljl in the construction process. Early ---.1!/L
1 houses there were built out of mud , wood, stones. These were
2 freely available everywhere and the people could use them quite
3 easily. Gradually, buildings started to becoming more and more
4 ambitious. We are all familiar with pictures of the Egyptian
5 pyramids, for example, or in Greek temples. These buildings resulted
6 from the desire to go beyond natu re and create a new human
7 world. The invention of glass it made a great difference, particularly
8 in cold countries, but because it meant you could have light
9 without getting too cold. Today, all sorts of plastics are so being
10 used. But in the future, who knows? Let's wait for and see !
Answers on page 171
EXAM TIP
To understand if a wo rd is a w rong extra wo rd or not, you often need to read
the whole sentence and think carefully about its meaning.
Writing 80 minutes
Writing a student magazine article
9 Th in k of differ ent ways to complete these sentences about
you r town. When yo u h ave decided on the best wa y, write
yo u r answers in the sp aces.
1 Some people live in _
2 The majori ty of people live in _
3 The wor st kind of h ou sin g is _
4 Probably the wo rst problem with h ou sin g is _
5 Another diffi cult p robl em is _
6 Th e mo st urgent thing to do is _
10 Think about your ideal house - the house you'd most like to
live in.
Im agin e where it would be .
o Wh at wo uld yo u see from the windows?
o Wh at wo u ld it be like inside?
o How many rooms wo uld it h ave?
Try to draw this house, Ca n you write a sh ort description of
you r house?
11 Co m p lete this sentence in as many ways as you ca n.
In 20 years' time, I expec t that h ou ses _
Smart answ er key on page 170
 WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

12 Write an article for a student magazine
about the housing situation in your area or
city. Co nsid er the following:
d ifferent types of h ou ses an d flats
what problems the re are rega rding housin g
what improvements sho uld be mad e
how you thi nk housing will develop in th e
future.
Write a bou t 25 0 words.
An sw ers o n pag e 17 1
1S Look at the table below. It shows data
about the time men and women in the
USA spend on the housework. Discuss the
information.
How do yo u think these American
sta tistics com pare to the situa tion in yo ur
ow n coun try/in yo ur own family?
Wh at do you thin k abo ut this?
W ha t ot h er issues may be involved?
Women cla im to do: 6 7%

EXAM TIP Women claim men do: 33%

When you see the points that your w riting text needs to
Men claim to do: 42%
deal with, think of sentence structures that will be Men claim wome n do: 58%
suitable for presenting your ideas.
Women actua lly do: 6 1%
Men actually do: 39%
Speaking 40 minutes

Statistics-based discussion 30 minutes 1995:

13 Make sentences that compare these things. Hours women spent on housework: 30
1 your city / London Hours men spent on housework: 4 .9
2 th e temperature now / last month Now:
3 your English h omework / your Maths Hours women spend on hous ework: 17.5
homework
4 you r last h oliday / your n ext holiday Hours men spend on housework: 10

14 Look at the information contained in the Answers on page 171

table in exercise 15. Co m p lete this paragraph
about the information using words and Debate 10 minutes
numbers from the list below.
suppose 67% stra nges t 39% SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

surprising 10 sur prtsed > seems

16 Co nsid er the information in exercise 15.
I'm ' _ _ to see that men in the USA do z_ _
of th e h ou sewor k. It ' _ _ q uite a h igh figur e,
com pa red to men in my co un try. But I ' _ _ it
dep ends on what you call h ous ewor k. I do n't
th in k it's s_ _ that both men and wo me n
claim to do more than th ey really do - for
example, _ _ compared to 61%. The ' _ _
th ing is that men now do ' _ _ hours - tw ice
as m uch as th ey used to do.
HOW TO STUDY
You can practise describing and comparing data w ith
any graph or table you find . Look in your local
newspaper or a business magazine or on the web and
EXAM TI P
find one or two graphs. Write some sentences about the
information in the graphs.
Then read the following statement from a
book published in the 1940s. Do yo u agree
or disagree? Prepare arguments to support
yo ur opinion . Discuss the issue with your
partner, responding to their counter-
arguments.
Women should be in charge o f hou sework
and raising ch ild ren, as men are responsible
for ea rn ing a good salary to sup po rt the ir
families.
Answel'5 on page 111
In the debate task, don't be upset if your partner or the
examin er disagrees w ith everything you say. In the
exam, it doesn't matter who 's right or wrong . It's their
job to use counter-arguments so you can show how
we ll you can respond to them.

Smart answer key on pa ge 17 1 HOME 47

Reading 35 minutes
1 Find the fo llowing words in
the article in exercise 3,
then write a short
d efinition for them in
En glish .
Ico louration
2 m at riarch al
3 ran ge
4 cu bs
5 lifespan
6 lay
2 Read the text in exercise 3
and answer the qu estion s.
I What do killer whales
look like?
2 Wh ere do they live?
3 What is the social
st ruct ure of t h eir
co m m un it y?
4 How do th ey hunt?
5 How big are Can ad ian
bear s?
6 What do th ey feed on?
7 What are th eir social
relati onships?
8 Wh ere do Ca nada geese
spe n d the win te r?
9 What are th eir social
relations h ips?
10 What is the result of the
pro tec ti ve policy towards
the geese?
EXAM TIP
First read the text quickly to get a
general sense of what it's about.
Then read the questions carefully
to make sure you understa nd
them.
Before you mark your choice, read
the text again quickly to check it's
really the best answer. There is
only one correct answer here.
48 NATURE
READING EXAM
3 Read the text below on animals living in Ca n ad a , and then
m atch questions 1-6 to each of the three a n imals.
KILLER WHALES
These mammals are absolutely beautiful. T hey have a vcry
distin ctive black-and -white co louratio n . O ver 6 00 killer whales live
alo ng British Co lumbia's coastline. They make lip so me of the
most co mplex co mm unities we have seen in mammals. They
always travel in gro ups called pods. T here arc between five and
t hirty an im als in each pod. The whales live and t ravel with their
mothers even after the y arc fully-grown, formin g stro ng ly
matriarch al wha le societies. O ver its lifetime, th e gro up will never
separate and a female will always act as the leader of the gro up.
Killer whale s arc very successful hunters d ue to their cooperat ive
h unt ing, where all animals within the pod participate .
Female killer whales usually give birth every three to ten years.
Killer whales have no natural pred at o rs (they arc the top predators
of the ocean s) and can live for abou t fifty to eighty years. They are
no t co nsidered endangered .
BLACK AND RARE WHITE BEARS
Along th e coas t of Briti sh Colum bia also lives a po pulation of
between 120,000 and 160,000 black bears. Ad ult male black bears
ran ge fr om about 130 to 190 cen timetres in len gth and 60 to 300
kilog ram s in weig ht.
T he bears arc ge ne rally vege ta rian . Their diet consists of roots,
berries, n uts, fish, insects and sometimes other ani mals.
Fem ale black bears become mature at the age o f three and
usually give birt h to two or three cubs . C ubs rem ain wit h th eir
mothers fo r a year and a half. Conseque ntly, the most often that
female black bears can give birth is every two years. An amaz ing
fact about so me black bears is that they can produce beautiful
bears tha t arc white in co lo ur!
Except for fem ales with cubs, black bears spend most of the ir
time alo ne. D uring th e breeding seaso n, a male and fem ale may
remain to gether for several da ys at a rime . T heir life expec ta ncy in
th eir natural enviro nment is tw enty to twen ty five years.
The Canad ian Governme nt realises that th ese black and white
bears arc ver y spe cial. As a result, so me ste ps have been taken to
pro tect them . Fo r example, there is a law that pre vents people
fro m hunting the bears.
Smart answer k.ey on page 171
 .... 20 minutes
CANADA GEESE ""\.
Canada geese can be seen and heard in many
arcas of British Columbia. T hey usua lly stay till
Nove m ber o r December before Hying so ut h for
the winter in search of warme r climates.
Canada gccse have black heads, tails, necks and
feet and white feathers o n their heads. Th eir
lifespan is quite lon g, rang ing from twe nty to
thi rty years. Whi le Canada geese tend to
produ ce yo ung at th e early age of three,
females are known to reproduce up to th e age
of twenty, laying four to seven egg s each
spring.
Canada geese have ver y stro ng family
relations . In fact , both parents tend to their
yo ung for nearly a year. Families stay toget her
until the tim e co mes to return to th e breed ing
areas. It is only at thi s time that th e geese mu st
go their separate ways. Because Canada geese
are a national sym bo l, it is illegal to harm th em
in an y way. This po licy has actually resulted in
an o verpopul ation of th e bird s. For example, in
Vancouver, British Colum bia, it is no t
un common to see a famil y of Canada geese
walking around o n a high way!
A killer whale
B black bear
C Canada goose
Whi ch of the an ima ls:
1 has the longest average lifespan? D
" Answers on page 172
2 can be ob served in two different colour
varieties? D
3 produces their young the most oft en? D
4 does not h ave st rong social instincts? D
5 is not protected by law? D
6 can be seen in populated areas? D
~ ----; ~ Answers on page 171
Smart answer key on page 171
Listening ~ 40 minutes
-----
4 Read these pairs of sentences. In each case,
d ecide if sentences A and B have the same or
di fferent meanings.
1 A There have been phone calls all day.
B We've had phone calls th roug ho ut the day.
2 A I think it will be sunny tomorrow.
B I expect there will be a lot of su n
tomor row.
3 A Room s in the hotel cost at least $100.
B Th e hotel ch arges no more than $100 per
room .
4 A Some flights sti ll ha ve seats available.
B There are still seats ava ilable on all flight s.
S Where the sentences in exercise 4 have
different meanings, underline the word or
words that make the meaning different.
6 In each set of words, d ecide which word is
the 'o dd one out' - with a different meaning
from the other two . Give reasons.
1 stopped cancelled cha n ged
2 expected predi cted kn ow n
3 cold mild ch illy
4 main strong fierce
5 better dif ferent im proved
LISTENING EXAM ~ 15 minutes
7 " 11 You will hear a radio weather
forecast. First, read through the notes
below. As you listen, check if the notes
describe the forecast accurately. Correct the
wrong notes. You will only need to change
one word or number in each case.
WEATHER FORECAST
North ern region
I snow expected in the even in g
2 strong winds throughout the da y
3 some trains cancelled after 10 p.m .
Southern region
4 light rain throughout the day
5 temperatures between lOoC and 12C
6 cold wind blowing from the east
EXAM TIP
Remember that what you hear a nd what yo u read often
use different wo rds and phras es wit h th e same
meanings. Practise understanding and using different
ways of expressing the same meanings.
NATU RE 49
Use of English .... 30 minutes
1 a everywhere 5 a in credibly
b widespread b invariably
8 Firs t read the text in exercise 9 (don't fill in
c worldwide c impossibly
the gaps yet) . Then complete the fac tfile with
2 a it 6 a in
the missing information .
b that b between
c wh ich c at
3 a exclusively 7 a like
ORANG-UTAN FACTFllE
bone b as
Class of animal c the only c suc h as
4 a because 8 a up to
lives in
b the reason for b totally
Typical colour c why c heavi er than
Answers on page 172
Meaning of name
10 Ch eck your answers to exercise 9. Now
Behavioural choose the best word from the list below to
characteristics
add a n extra wrong answer to each item in
exercise 9. Think a bout why or how it is the
wrong answer.
wha t the logic of th an uniq ue
Favourite food global mo re aro u nd . impressively

EXAM TIP
If you have doubts about which answer is right, try
Weight and size checking which answers are definit ely wro ng. Also think
about how the answers are different from one another.
toddler
When you've chosen an answer, read the w hole sentence
adult again to check it makes sense with the chosen word.

Writing 100 minutes

Writing a leaflet ~ 30 minutes

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes
11 Co mplete this text by w ri ting one word in
9 Fill gaps 1-8 using the best option: a, b, or each ga p.
c, to com p lete the text. Here's 1 _ _ I do ab out recycling. I put all my
newspapers, magazin es, old envelopes _ a_ _
The Red Apes of Borneo fact, all my pap er - to one side, and recycle it,
Almost everybody in the wo rld has heard o f along 3 _ _ all the bottles th at become em pty
orang-utans. These tree-climbing primates _ _ the week. I take m y pri nter cartr idges to
have been glamorised by th e media, appeared a sho p round ' _ _ corner, wh ere th ey co llect
in Hollywood and can be seen in most zoos them. It's ' _ _ mu ch, I kn ow, but I think
1_ _ The 'orang-u tan ', 2 _ _ Inean s 'Man every littl e thing cou nts.
of the Forest' in Malay, is the largest tree-
12 What word is missing from each gap in these
living mammal and 3 _ _ great ape in Asia.
sentences?
It isn't hard to understand _ _ the Malays
1 If yo u don't d rive to the shops, you 'll use
call this primate 'orang-utan'. The orang-utan less _ _ .
is s _ _ human in behaviour - gentle,
2 If yo u walk to the shops, you 'll get valuable
curious and playful - they live ' _ _ the vast
tropical forests and, un der ideal conditio ns,
3 If you recycle paper, fewer _ _ will be cut
roam the forests in search of widely -
down.
di stributed foo d sources suc h as fruit s, plants
4 There'lI be less air _ _ if people bu y
an d insects. The same size 7 _ _ a human
electric cars.
baby when it is a to dd ler, an ora ng -uta n can
weigh ' _ _ 90 kilog rams upon reac hi ng What grammar structure is used in these
adulthood. Unfortunately, not many do. sentences?

50 NATURE Smart answer key on page 172

 WRITING EXAM ~ 30 minutes WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes

13 A leaflet is going to be given to everybody 16 Write a letter to an international magazine

in your neighbou rhood. Th e aim is to about protecting the environment in your
encourage eve ryb ody to recycl e. Write the country. Include the following
text for the leaflet, including the following information:
points: wh at threat s to the environment there are
suggest what th ings people sho uld recycle in your cou ntry
ex pla in h ow to recycle wha t you reco m me nd people should do
say h ow the environ me nt will be h elp ed . wh at you think will happen to the
env iron me n t in the future.
Write 40-50 words.
Write 150-200 words.
Answers on page 172
Answers on page 173
LANGUAGE TIP
When you wa nt to recom men d o r encourage people to LANGUAGE TIP
do somet hing, yo u should explain t he advantages of Passive verbs a re ofte n used whe n form a l letters are
do ing it. One way to present this inf orm ation is by w ritte n, so make sure yo u feel confident abo ut how
following t he exa mples in exe rcise 12. th ey are form ed and used.

Writing a formal letter ~ 70 minutes

Speaking ~ 90 minutes

14 Put the und erlined wo rds into the correct

order to ma ke sentences about the Situational role-play 40 minutes

environment. 17 Look at these two questions:

1 believe On e th ing im portant I is that there 1 Do you ha ve a big fam ily?
should be new gove rn me n t legislati on . 2 How big is your family?
2 words other In, we need new and to ugher
laws to sto p pollution. Which one is a 'closed' q uestio n a nd w h ich
3 the ti me At same , gree n practices should be o ne is 'o pe n '? W h ic h of th e fo llow ing
rewarded . answ ers goes w it h w hi ch q uesti on?
4 simple On e can not avoide d be fact: we are a Qu ite big - I've got four brothers an d siste rs.
causing grea t damage to our wo rld . b Yes.
S are Th ere to two argument sides any , an d
bo th sho uld be considere d care fully. 18 Rewrite each of these closed questi o ns as an
6 do n't If a to day we solution find, the open question.
problem will o n ly be worse tomorrow. 1 Are there any env iro nmental problem s
15 Rew rite t hese sen tences in the passive. whe re you live?
Wha t ?
1 We sh ould in crease the am ount o f recycling. 2 Do yo u recycle useful materials?
The amoun t of _ Wha t ?
2 They sh ou ld pass n ew laws. 3 Do yo u th in k we can reduce po llut ion?
New laws _ How ?
3 We are destroying valua ble forests. 4 Do your frien ds feel th e same way as you
Valua ble _
abo ut environ me nta l issues?
4 We will da mage air quality forever. How ?
S Will the future be worse than the present?
S We can make real improvem ents. How ?

Smar t answer key o n pag e 172 NATURE 51

19 Each of these sen te nces con ta ins a n erro r.
Ca n yo u find it a n d correct it?
I I feel ho pi ng about the future.
2 We have to be realism - so me po llutio n is
inevitable.
3 If we live here on th is earth, we are
responsi ble to its con ditio n.
4 How really ma tters is education - tellin g
peopl e how to reduce pollution .
5 In my op in io n, th e real issue a re eco no mics.
23 Do yo u think zoos a re good and useful
places, or p riso ns fo r a n imals? Write tw o
sen tences in favour of zoos, a n d two
sen tences against them , o r, if yo u're working
wi th a partner, d iscuss you r opi n ions.
24 What's t he most popular kind of pe t in yo ur
cou n try? How many people d o yo u know
t hat ha ve pets? Wr ite a short paragraph
giving yo ur o p inion a bou t p et s.

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
25 Look at the two photos of birds on page
20 You are a reporter for a student magazine, 53. Co m p a re and contrast them. Co ns id er:
finding out about people's attitudes to the
enviro n m e n t. Ask yo ur partner: captivity and freedom
zoos
what environme ntal probl em s h e or she pets
knows about where you live protecting endangered species.
how he or she wou ld im prove the
Answers on page 173
environmental situatio n in the wo rld an d
discuss his or her reaso ns . EXAM TIP
Answen on page 173
Ifyo u find yourself unfortunately unable to thi nk of
w hat to say in the speaking exam - pe rhaps be cause
EXAM TIP
you are nervou s - t hen you can exp ress opinions w hich
In a discussion, try to avoid 'closed' qu estion s, and ask are not your own opinions.
'open' questions - question s that your partner needs to
answer fully, not just Yes or No.

Picture-based discussion ~ 50 minutes

21 Ch oose fro m these words to complete t he

sen te nces be low.
compared attractive contrast no ticea ble

I to the first one, th e second

picture seems m uc h better.
2 It's more in th e seco n d one that
freedom is important.
3 The between th e two is very
stro ng.
4 The seco nd offers a far more _
alte rna tive.

22 Co m p lete this te xt by writ in g o ne word in

each gap.
Somethi ng I find really interestin g is , _
way that bi rds seem to be moving away from
the countryside and in to the city. I've lived in
the city 2 about ten yea rs, and th e
nu mber of bi rds in my sma ll garde n and alo ng
my st reet ' increased conside rably in
this time. Appare n tly, it h appens ' a
n u m ber o f reasons. Farmers use a lot of
che m icals a nd th ese can kill birds, as well as the
insects and small an imals 5 bird s eat.
Also, the rubbish in cities, espec ially take-away
food, is, ' effect, a 24-ho u r free
restaurant for birds.

52 NATURE Smart an swer key on page 173

Smart answer key on page 173 NATURE 53
----
HIGHER LEVEL
Reading 40 minutes
1 Read the article in exercise
2. Which statement 1-5
below is a summary of
which paragraph A-E?
I Andalas was the first
Sumatran rh ino born in a
zoo in more than a
century.
2 It's a difficult task to
encourage rhinos to breed
in capt ivity.
3 The zoo is going to study
Andalas' development to
learn more about rhinos .
4 The mother received
hormone treatment to
help her give birth, after a
number of failed attempts.
5 Sumatran rhinos are
facing extinction and
their numbers are falling
rapidly.
EXAM TIPS
First read the whole article quickly
to understand the main ideas.
Then try to sum marise w hat each
paragraph is about. Now read the
missing sentences carefully, and
decide which paragraph they may
be connected to. When you have
fin ished, read the text again
quickiy to check that your answers
fit in logically.
54 NATURE
READING EXAM ~ 25 minutes
2 Read the article about Sumatran rhinos, an endangered
sp eci es. Five sen tences have been re m oved from the text.
Choose fro m sentences a-f to fill gaps 1-5 to complete the
text. There is one sentence t hat yo u 're not going to n eed.
RARE BU NDLE
(AI Survival of newborns becomes even more critical when the
race is on in the battle against extinction . With a 60%
pop ulation decli ne in the last 10 years, Sumatran rhinoceroses
number fewer than 300 today. ' The main reason is
that its ho rns are prized for med icine . Despite co nservation
measures like natur e reserves, the rhin o's count co nt inues to
decrease.
(B) On Sept ember 13, 200 1, hope arrived in a 33-kilogram
bundle : Anda las was delivered at Ohio's Cincinnati Zoo - the
first birth in ca ptivity in 112 years! ' The birth of th is
rare animal offers scientists unprecedented dat a on the growth
and reproduction of the spec ies.
(C) Em i, Anda las's mother, had miscarr ied within the fi rst three
months in five previous pregnancies. 'So met imes, wh en animal s
miscarry at an ea rly stage, it's becau se of a hormon e deficien cy,'
says animal reproductive physiologist, Terri Roth, at the
Cincinnati Zoo . ' So Roth immed iately began feeding
Emi dai ly doses of progesteron e (a hormone esse ntial to
pregnancy) injected into bread . Emi fed on the suppleme nt for
46 5 days. Ten days later, Anda las arrived. 'We ca n't say if that's
what did it,' Roth says. ' But it certainly seems so.'
(D) Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to get Sumatran
rhinos to breed . Usually, a bull (the male) seeks out a
cow (the female) only when he detects a scent signalling she's
prepared to mate . But when the fem ale isn't recept ive, there can
be a lot of aggression amon g the sexes. Breeding ce ntres
estab lished nea r or in the reserves have yet to produce a
successful pregnancy.
(E) The zoo estimates Andalas willreach maturity in five years,
and it has plans to document carefully the ca lf's physical and
behavioural growth - includin g regula r plaster casts of his
w idening hoofs. 5 Sumatra n rhi nos are so elusive
they're counted by hoof prints. ' It's exc iting,' says Roth. 'O ne
birth can change so much about what we know.'
a In the w ild, t hese rh inos are ex tremely solitary.
b The dat a could h elp rh in o census-takers t rack and protect
calves in the wild .
c Believed to h ave first appeared on Eart h two m illio n years
ago, the mamma l n ow faces t he constan t threat of poach ers
in the forests of Indonesia and Ma lay sia.
d Wit h its life span of about 30 years, the Sumatran variety is
the smallest of five rhin o species.
e Bu t raising t he number of rhinos in captivit y to 16 isn't t he
bo y calf's only ach ievement.
f Dur ing the six t h attempt, ultrasou n d detected the pregnancy
16 days after mating.
Answers on page 173
Smart answer key on page 173
Listening . . 3S minutes EXAM TIP
Remember that information in the task items
3 Match words 1-6 to their definitions a-g. There is
and in the recording may be expressed using
one definition that you don't need. d ifferent wo rds with the same meaning. Before
1 in command a consider someone responsible you listen, quickly read the statements or
2 reef b small, furry animals that live in questions and try to think of other ways of
3 spill water and eat fish saying the same things.
4 sea- otters c rocks, sand and coral at or near
5 plankton the sea surface
Use of English . . 30 minutes
6 blame d tiny plants and animals that
live in the water S Look at the ten verbs in brackets in
e in a position of authority; in exercise 6 quickly, then write down all
charge the appropriate forms, as in the
f in a situation that's impossible example below. Check that you have
to control spelt each form correctly.
g liquid that has flowed out of its
container Example: BLAME
to-infinitive to blame
LISTENING EXAM ~ 25 minutes Past Simple blamed
Past Perfect had blamed
4 . , 12 Listen to an account of an environmental -ing form blaming
disaster that happened in the 1980s. Choose the Passive be blamed
correct option(s) to complete each sentence 1-8.
At least one of the options is always correct, and
sometimes both options may be correct! Listen USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 20 minutes
twice, and circle a, or b, or both a and b.
6 Read the text abou t climate change,
1 Captain Hazelwood then choose the correct form of the
a commanded a ship named after an oil verbs in brackets to fill the gaps.
company and the port of Valdez, Alaska.
b owned an oil tanker called Exxan Valdez. Global warming may be ' _ _
2 Late night on 24 March 1989, the captain (BLAME) for recent heatwaves and
a left his third officer in charge of the sh ip. deadly storms. But at least our plants
b returned to his cabin because he wanted to do have been 2 _ _ (ENJOY) the weather.
some paperwork. According to a study a_ _ (PUBLISH)
3 A little after midnight, the ship last week, regional climate changes
a arrived at a port called Bligh Reef. over the past two decades ' _ _
b collided with some rocks in the water. (INSPIRE) a 6% in crease in p lant
4 Fifty million litres of oil growth arou nd the world .
a spilt into the sea. Rising temperatures, increased rainfall
b was being transported by the Exxan Valdez. and decreased cloud cover have all
5 The clean-up operation s_ _ (PLAY) a part. The 80s and the
a was delayed by a storm that had damaged the 90s were two of the warmest decades
rescue ship. on record and during this period the
b started fifteen hours after the first report of the vegetation in its ecosystem ' _ _
accident. (FLOURISH). In the Amazon, decreased
6 The oil spill from the Exxan Valdez cloud cover allowed more sunlight
a was cleaned up within the first two days after ' _ _ (REACH) plants; in India,
the disaster. monsoon-dependent trees , _ _
b caused millions of animals and fish to die. (BENEFIT) from increased rainfall.
7 The fact that 25% of the plankton in the sea was Despite these positive effects, climate
destroyed meant change could well s _ _ (CAST) a
a that many animals and fish died because they shadow on plant life in the long term.
had nothing to eat. Scientists argue that continued growth
b that 4,800 square kilometres of sea was covered could disrupt fragile ecosystems that
in oil. have W _ _ (BE) in place for
8 The Exxan Valdez disaster thousands of years.
a was one of the first huge oil spills in history. Answers on page 174
b was the captain's fault.
An sw er s on p ag e 173

Smart answer key o n page 173 NATURE 55

 EXAM TIP WRITING EXAM .. 60 minutes
This typ e of Use of English task tests your knowledge of
10 Write an essa y of 200-250 words about
verb forms. Make sure yo u know how to form regular
verbs and can recognise irregular verbs. You have to environmental issu es. In yo u r essay,
learn the forms of the m ost common irregu lar verbs by consider the following aspects:
heart . current threats to th e environ me n t
th e relati onsh ip of bu siness issues and the
env ironment
Writing 80 minutes
any actio n t ha t you believe sho uld be
Writing a discursive essay taken.

7 Look at the essay task in exercise 10. Where Give reasons for you r ideas.
would yo u put notes a-f in the outline plan Answers on page 114
below?
a bu sinesses need resources EXAM TIP
b tran sport req uireme n ts Remember that discursive essays don't have 'right' or
c close down polluting factori es 'wrong' poin ts. The examiners are interested to see how
d profits need to be con trolled we ll you can use English to make an argumen t.
e run publicity cam paign
f grow ing dem and for consu me r goo ds
Speaking 65 minutes
curren t threat s to the enviro n me n t
Picture-based discussion 25 minutes

11 Look at the two photos on page 57. Put the

2 th e relati onship of business issues and th e
words in these sentences about the photos
environ ment
into the correct order.
1 On the man-made of one an hand, there's
3 an y ac tio n that you believe should be tak en damage image.
2 On the the we can other, see hy damage
nature caused.
3 Of even this cou ld fire person started been
8 Read these sentences. Think what words a by course, have.
might fit into the gaps. Then choose words 4 Th e question who is the planet has
from underneath to complete the sentences. responsibility for.
The _ _ seve re threat to th e env iron me nt 5 We sho u ld more children of our terms in
co mes fro m ai r travel. of ourselves than think.
2 In the past, business an d en viro n me ntal
12 Fill in the gaps with a word from the list
_ _ have always been in _ _ to each
below to complete the sentences.
other.
3 We cannot delay action an y _ _ - steps am biguous nervous curious
have to be taken. conne cted frightening
4 One of the _ _ probl em s is th at man y
people do n ot realise h ow bad the situa tion 1 Lookin g at th is picture makes me feel
_ _ is. _ _ _ _ _ abo ut the fut ure .
2 This image shows a very _
fu rt he r actua lly main oppos itio n
pros pect.
most issues 3 The message here is _
4 Th ese two images a re qui te closely
9 Do you agree or disagree with the ideas in
exercise 8? Why? 5 Thi s picture m akes me _ to kno w
what will h appen to thi s land .

HOW TO STUDY
You canno t know in advance w hat pictu res you w ill
have to talk abo ut in the exam . But yo u ca n prep are
useful language in advance, such as phrases for
com paring and contrasting.

56 NATURE Smart answer key on page 174

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

13 Look at the two photos. One shows a forest

being cleared, the other a forest fire .
Compare and contrast the pictures,
discussing the environmental and natural
issues they raise.
Answers on page 174

Debate 40 minutes

14 Read the foll owing id eas . Then look at the

statement in exercise 16 . Which ideas do you
think are for and which are against animal
testing? Put the ideas in the correct groups.
new vaccines aga ins t fatal diseases
allergic reac tions to cosme tics
medi cal experimen ts on humans
the treatment of laboratory animals
th e life of a person or th e life of an animal
cost co nside rations
learning m ore about human a natomy
usin g animals for food, clothin g, etc.

Fo r Against

Try to add a few more ideas of your own to

each group.

15 Now expand the ideas from exercise 14 into

co n v in cln g arguments. Write a sentence that
explains how each idea is co nnected to the
issue of animal testing.

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

16 Read the following statement . Do you

agree or disagree? Prepare argumen ts to
support yo ur views. Then discuss the issu e
with your partner, responding to their
counter-arguments.
Animal testing is immoral and unnecessary,
and it sh ould be banned .
Answers on page 175

EXAM TIP
If you don't know the exact wo rd for something in
English, try to use words that you do know to explain
wha t you mean. Giving examp les may also help to
ill ustrate what you want to say. You 're not tested on
how m uch vocabu lary you remembe r, but on how
good your communication skills are.

Smart answe r key on page 174 NATU RE 57

 Reading ~ 35 minutes
-------
1 Read the text in exerci se 4
quickly to find out what it
is ab o ut. Choose the best
ti tl e for the tex t .
1 There is no success
wit hou t effo rt
2 How to do yo ur
h omewo rk wit h out effort
3 How to become a pe rfect
st ude nt
2 Read p ara gra p hs 1-3 in the
text carefull y. Ch oose the
co rrec t answer: a, b or c.
1 What is pa rag raph 1
abo ut?
a Th e ne cess ity to plan
yo u r wor k.
b The best place to do
homework.
c Creating the best
wo rking co n diti o ns .
2 W h at is paragraph 2
about?
a Buying sch ool
material s.
b Making notes.
c Keeping your papers in
o rde r.
3 What do es paragraph 3
te ll yo u ?
a When to do
homewo rk.
b Where to do it .
c Ho w to do it.
3 Now read paragraphs 4-8.
Underline each sentence
that co n ta in s a piece of
advice.
HOW TO STUDY
If you study on your own, work
with a watc h. Check the time limi t
for each task. Make sure yo u don 't
go over the time limit, but
remembe r to complete each task
carefully.
58 SCHOOL
READING EXAM ~ 15 minutes
4 Rea d this leaflet giving a d vi ce on doing your h omework.
Match headings A-I to paragraphs 1-8. There is one headi ng
yo u will not need to use.
o It's possible to get your homework done even if you have a busy
schedule - if you decide in advance what you have to do. On
Sunday or Monday, jot down your activities for the upcoming
week in a notebook and then include a time for homework for
each day.
Buy a folder for each of your classes. Divide it into three
sections: notes, homework, and tests. Always put papers in the
correct section.
e Forget about doing your homework in front of the TV. Find a
quiet place that's well-lit, where you can concentrate without
getting distracted .
e You won't get any work done if you're hungry. Your brain needs
energy to work effectively! Drink plenty of water, and snack on
some fruit or cookies to get more strength.
Begin with your best subject. Your success will give you a
feeling of satisfaction thatwill help you deal with your weaker
subjects later.
e If you've started your Science homework, finish it! Don 't leave
one part of your homework unfinished to start another - you
may not remember all those Chemistry formulas when you
come back.
o Take at least a five-minute break when you fe el tired . The rest
will re-energise you so you'll be able to finish your work.
Homework is rarely an exciting thing to do. But it's your lop
priority, and you have to getit done. Accepting this fact wili help
you deal with homework effectively.
A Start strong
B Complete eac h ta sk
C Plan ah ead
o Eat for energy
E Just do it!
F Keep t hings in order
G Talk to an expe rt
H Take a break
I Find the right place
Answers on page 17S
Smart answ er key on page 175
Listening ~ 30 minutes Use of English ~ 40 minutes

5 Which one is different from the other two? 8 Read the sentences and ch oose the best
How is it different? option: a, b, or c .
I eleve n forty-five quarter to tw elve I Each yea r thousands of yo ung people _ _
twelve fift een from British universities.
2 n oon twelve ten midday a grade
3 pay boo k reserve b grad uate
4 befor e no lat er than during c grad ua tio n
5 free in expensive n o charge 2 Mo st _ _ in sti tu ti ons in Fra nc e are
6 Can yo u find and correc t t h e grammatical financed by the sta te .
er ror in each se ntence? a educ ate
b edu cat io n
I I'm sure yo u're go ing to ha ve grea t time c ed ucatio n al
wit h us here at Westfo rd Co llege.
2 Yo u 'll be in class ev ery morning of during 3 Stu de n ts wh o are _ _ taiented in certa in
th e week. field s can foll ow an individual cur ricuiu m.
3 It's im po rt ant to m ake use wit h the Self- a except io n
Access Cen t re. b except io nal
4 Th e t rip'S alwa ys very popular, as don't c exceptionall y
forget to sign u p early! 4 Quite a few st ude n ts in the area su ffer fro m
seve re soc ial and eco n o mic _ _ .
a adva ntages
LISTENING EXAM .. 1S m inutes
b d isadva n tages
7 ~ 13 You will hear a teacher talking to a c advantageous
g ro u p of students who have just arrived at 9 Use a word ending (su ffix) fro m the list to
Westford Co llege, UK, for an En glish fo rm the required word for each of 1- 8. In
summer course . Before you listen, read some cases, more than one a n sw er m ig h t be
through the notes below. As yo u listen, possible. Watch out for the co rrect spelling.
complete the notes.
-ise -abl e -(at )ion -(i)ty -ly -ness
-ful -en -men t -less -al
-ance/ence -in g -ed
WESTFORD COLLEGE:
I wide (ad jective) -7 (verb)
ENGLISH SUMMER COURSE 2 create (verb) -7 (no un)
3 dark (ad jective) -7 (nou n)
I Classes h eld from 9 .15 to _ 4 ad just (ver b) -7 (ad ject ive)
Monday to Th urs day 5 resource (no un) -7 (ad ject ive)
2 Self-Access Cen tre open till _ 6 full (ad ject ive) -7 (adverb)
7 refu se (verb) -7 (no un)
3 For Internet PCs, book at
8 popul ar (ad ject ive) -7 (verb)
4 For London trip, rese rve place befor e
Now write an example with ea ch suffix yo u
didn't use.
5 En trance to Food an d Drink Festi val
is _
10 Ch a nge the b egin n in g of ea ch of the
6 Bring passpor t to get stude n t _ following words, using the right prefi x, to
fo rm the opposite of the word.
happy behave like understand
An sw er s o n pag e 17S polite co mplete do agr ee co rrect
possibl e
EXAM TIP
Don't try to understand every single word that you
hear. Focus your atte ntion on the information you need
in order to be able to answer the questions in the exam .

Smart answer key on page 175 SCHOOL S9

 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 1S minutes Writing ~ 115 minutes

11 Read the text about education in Bri tai n . Writing an invitation ~ 4S minutes
Co m p lete the gaps w ith the best form of
the word in brackets. There may be some 12 The Present Simple is used to describe the
words that you don't have to change. future when the future is ' t im eta b led '.

In Britain , ' (EDUCATE) is
compu lso ry between the ages of 5 and 16. At
the age of five, ch ild ren sta rt primary school.
Th en, at th e age of eleve n , they begin their
seco n dary ed uca tion . Mo st children go to
sta te sch ools, and only ab out 7% ' _ 2
(ATTEND) fee-paying private sch ools.
A sch ool year is divided into th ree terms.
, (NEAR) all sch ools work a five-day
week an d they are closed on Saturdays. Th e
day starts at nine an d finishes between three
and four. Th ere is a lunch break which
usually last s abo ut an hour and a quarter.
A' (TYPE) timetable includes
Eng lish, Science, Maths , History, Geography,
Art, Mu sic, Physica l Education and foreign
languages. A lot of schools offer a ran ge of
aft er-school .; (ACTIVE) such as
ch oir, drama, and t rip s to ' _ 1 when
(INTEREST) places.
Young people are ex pected to sh ow respect
for their teachers and obey sch ool ru les.
Students who 7 (BEHAVE) risk being
Read sentences 1-6. They a re all about fu ture
events . Is the future event ' t im eta b led'? If t h e
future even t is 'ti m etab le d', then rewrite t he
sentence using the Present Simple .
1 My flight is leavin g at 10.15 on Frida y.
My aunt is co ming to stay with us.
3 My aunt is arri ving o n t he 12.00 tr ain .
4 My exam is going to be on the 18th .
5 Th e electio n is takin g pla ce o n May 3rd.
6 It 's go ing to rain to morrow afte rnoo n .
13 Read the instructions to exercise 14 on page
61 carefully. Then read the invitation below,
and decide if t h e writer has included all the
req u ire d information . Tick the appropriate
box .
Yes No
0 0
2 where 0 0
3 wh at occasion / reaso n 0 0
4 wha t food and d rin k
~ 0
-

0
exclude d from school.
Th e main exams are GCSEs (school-leaving
exam s at 16), and A-levels (u niversity
entrance exams at 18). Un ivers ity students
, (GRADUATE) after completing
their first degr ee, usually in three years. Many
st ude n ts then co n tin ue their studies for a
Mast er's d egree, or a PhD.
Answers on page 176

EXAM TIP
First decide what part of speech th e missing word Plea"e come 10 Ihe I'lludenl,,' Union BUilding
sho uld be (verb, noun , adjective, etc.), then think about (234 We"lgale Lane) and ioin Ihe party.
what d ifferent forms there are of the words that you' re
given. T~~ fun "!arl,, al 8 p.m, on Friday 19 Hay.
(xc"mg quez, greal mu"ic and dance liIIlale
All "'uden'" are welcome. .

Be there or be squer'e...

60 SCHOOl Smart answer key on pag e 176

 WRITING EXAM ~ 20 minutes WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes

14 A group of foreign exchange students are 18 Here is part of a letter you have received
coming to visit your school. You have been from your penfriend Sam:
asked to organise a welcome party for their
arrival next Friday. Write a short invitation
(40-50 words), and include the following So :r.'/>1 really conf'used.
information: :r. can't See the f'O"nt 01'
wh en the party will take place (date and stay;"3 at school. E don't
tim e) See/>1 to be />1a.(;"3 />1uch
whe re the party will be
f'rOjreSS. i: F-nd ;t d;.f'F-cult
what the occasion /reason for the party is
wh at food and drink will be available, to .f'eel />106vated. Also, th;s
Answers on page 176 />1onth coe have to chooSe
what SUtVects u.Je w;11
EXAM TIP
study at advanCed level. You
When you w rite sho rt texts (like an invitation, for
exampl e) that provide information, it's very important
can chooSe three, but L
that you make sure you include all the necessary details . have no ;dea what to
chooSe, or whether to stay
Writing an informal letter ~ 70 minutes
at school at all
15 Match the two parts of sentences, 1-5 and
a-e, to m ake p o in ts about motivation for
studying a t school.
Write a reply to Sam,
1 Not getting enough slee p
2 Set yourself realistic targets telling him about ways to improve
3 Don't try to do you r homework motivation
4 Do exe rcise every day suggesting sub jects for him to study
5 If you eat a balanced diet, explaining the benefits of staying at
school.
a for doing homework,
b to in crease yo ur energy levels. Write about 150-180 words.
c you 'll feel more awake. Answers on page 176
d when you' re tired .
e can ma ke yo u feel uninterested. EXAM TIP
16 Match the two parts of sentences, 1-5 and Think carefully about the grammatical structures to use
a- d , to make suggestions about what to when you 're planning what to write. How you present
study. Two answers are possible in each case. your ideas is as important as what you r ideas are.

1 Why don't yo u try

2 Have you cons ide red
3 I think you sh ould
4 What ab out
5 On e idea wo uld be to
a Histor y?
b do science sub jects.
c taking Busin ess Stud ies?
d choose lan gua ges.

17 Ch oose a topic and use the expressions from

exercise 16 to write suggestions.
what sport to sta rt
what to stu dy at university
whe re to go on h oliday

Smart answ er key on pag e 176 SCHOOL 61

Speaking ... 70 minutes Picture-based discussion 35 minutes

Situational role-play .. 35 minutes 22 Look at the two photos: A a n d H on page 63.

19 Each of these sentences about practising
English contains a mistake. Ca n you find the
mistakes and correct them?
I Wat ching DVDs good because you can sto p
a nd rep eat to check the meaning.
2 Ma ny tourist s are native spea kers of Eng lish ,
so yo u getti ng authen tic prac tice.
3 When you read newspa pe rs, yo u can make
your ti me and use a d ict ionary.
4 Your frien ds are grea t to talk to so you have
thi n gs in co mmon .
S Cha t rooms h elp because it 's speaking but
typ ed because yo u can understand it.
20 Look at these sentences comparing ways of
practising En g lish. What words are missing?
Choose words from the box below to fill the
gaps .
1 Watching DVDs is easier _ _ rea ding
news papers.
2 Tourists speak _ _ better Eng lish than yo ur
frien ds do .
3 The typed English in chat rooms is a _ _
clearer than speakin g.
4 Read ing newspap ers is t he _ _ serio us way
of practi sing English .
S Your frien ds laug h if yo u ma ke _ _ ma ny
m istakes in Eng lish .
lo t too m ost than much
SPEAKING EXAM .. 10 minutes
21 You and your partner have been asked by
your teacher to recommend the best ways
for improving your English outside classes.
Look at this list of possible activities.
Discuss them, and decide which two you
wou ld most recommend.
watching DVDs
talking to tourists
reading n ewspapers
talk ing to frie nds
using Internet chat roo ms
Answers on page 176
EXAM TIP
Read these sentences, and decide if the
sentence describes A, H, or both.
I There are abo ut half a dozen stude n ts in the
clas s.
2 The teacher's at the front o f the cla ss.
3 The teach er's handing o ut so m e work.
4 The stude nts look ve ry in terested .
S One st udent seems to be slee ping .
6 The students seem to be from diffe ren t
coun tries.
7 One st ude nt seems to find the wo rk ve ry
dif ficult .
8 You can see a ni ce garde n in the
background .
9 Th e teac he r's quite a yo ung woman.
10 Th e tea ch er's as king the stude nts a qu esti on.
23 Co m p lete these se n ten ces by writing one
word in each gap .
I'm af raid that photo A is _ _ like my
school than phot o B!
2 I guess that the te acher in phot o A is giving
th em a Maths test _ _ do.
3 I don't kn o w, but I su ppose photo B shows
_ _ sum me r school.
4 I th ink that the students in photo Bare
older _ _ t he ones in photo A.
HOW TO STUDY
If yo u pract ise alone, you can record your answ ers on a
tape. Then listen to the recording and check that you
have
answered all the questions
used the correct tense
used the correct phrases for spec ulating.
Correct your mistakes, then try the task again.
,
SPEAKING EXAM 5 minutes
24 Look at the two photos of classrooms on
page 63. Compare and contrast the two
lessons.
What are the studen ts doing?
What is the teacher doing?
Ho w do yo u think the stude n ts mi ght be
feelin g?
Which phot o reminds yo u of lessons at
yo ur school? Why?
Answers on page 171

If you feel you can't think of anything to say about one

thing in a list, start comparing it with another thing in LANGUAGE TIP
the list: that way, you're guaranteed to have something Remember that you should usually use the Present
to say. Simple and Present Continuous tenses when describing
photos. Make sure you practise using them correctly.

62 SCHOOL Smart answer key on page 176

Smart answer key on page 177 SCHOOL 63
Reading 30 minutes
1 Read the article in exer ci se 4
quickly to find out what it
is about. Ch o o se the best
su mma ry for t he text.
I A pa rticu lar ed u ca tio n al
ins ti tu tion in New York.
2 C ha n ges in th e Am erica n
sys tem of ed uca tio n .
3 Prob le m s that yo u n g
America ns face w it h
ga ining qu alifications.
2 Re ad parag rap h 1 carefully.
Ch o o se the b est answer: a ,
b , or c. W hat is the
parag raph about?
a T h e sc hoo l building lo oks
frig h ten ing.
b T h e stu d en ts w h o attend
Man hatta n C a m p make
fri ends th ere.
c Ma n h atta n Ca m p is not
what it se ems at fir st
sigh t.
3 Now read p a ra g r a p hs 2-5
a n d summarise e ach
paragraph in a single
sentence.
EXAM TIP
First read the whole text quickly to
get a ge ne ral idea of what it's
about. Then read each paragraph
more carefully to decide what its
main focus is. This w ill help you
find th e right mi ssing sentence
that fits the context.
America 's First N ight H igh School by Retta
Blaney, Current No.6 1992 . Mary Glasgow
Maga zines/Scho lastic. Reprint ed by perm ission
o f Mary Glasgow Magazin es.
64 SCHOOL
READING EXAM .. 15 minutes
4 Read this article about an American school. Four extracts a re
missing from the text. Complete the text with t h e missing
extracts from options A-E below. There is one extract yo u
will not n eed to use.
AMERICA'S FIRST NIGHT
HIGH SCHOOL
The first impressions are rath er menac ing. Visito rs must s ign in and s how
identification before being allowe d into the building. ' _ _ But w hat a
deceptive first impression! Manh attan Comprehen sive Night High Sc hool
may be the friendliest, most ca ring inst itution in all of New York City. A
sc hool of last resort for many of its students, it is their best chance to turn
their lives around , and make friends in the proc ess. Manhattan Comp, as
it's called, is the first full-time night high sc hool in America.
High school is compulsory until the age of s ixte e n in Am erica, but many
students drop out, either before or afte r they reach sixteen , and before
re ce iving th e ir high s c hool diplomas. Until now, night educa tion
programm es for dropout s only provided the basics and then aw arde d an
equ ivalen cy certific ate . ' _ _ The stude nts rec eive an ac ade mic
diploma, which th ey say is more helpful in getting a job than an
equivalency certificate. More than sixty per ce nt of Manh attan Cornp's
st udents go on to college .
Most of the sc hool's 450 students have either bee n expelled from or
dropped out of othe r high s chools. Some have bee n in two or thre e
school s before this one.
What seems to make this s chool work for thes e hard-to- pla ce stude nts
is the staff and, most importa ntly, the principal. All the stude nts call him
Howard. a_ _ The institution is his own cre ation. He designed and
opened it in 1989.
Most students at Manhattan Comp are between eighteen and twe nty-
two yea rs old. Yo u must be at least seventeen to en rol Iin regu lar day high
schools, students are usu ally between fourtee n and eightee n years old).
The class es run from 5 to 11 p.rn., Mondays th rough Thurs days, with all-
day enric hment programmes on Sunda ys w hich explore topics like
playwriting, art and video production. _ _ Most students alread y have
some academic cred its from previous sc hools, s o instead of the normal
four years in high s chool, they s pe nd, on average, between s ix months
and two yea rs at Manhatta n Comp.
A School t erms ar e ten wee ks long, w h ic h gives stu d en ts the
opportunit y to take time off for famil y matters o r jo bs.
B The community coord in ato r h e lp s st u de n ts w rite resumes
and find jobs, a n d has eve n brought in clothes for stu de n ts
so they ca n dres s up for in terviews .
C As h e walks th rough th e building, h e g reets students by
name, ask s about th eir fa m ilies or jobs and jokes w ith them
about the la ck o f va rie ty in th e sc hool ca feteria .
D Su ch light sec u rity gives o ne th e fee ling of en te ri ng a p rison
or some other d an gerous pla ce .
E But now, Manhattan Cam p o ffers th e total high sc h ool
ex perie nce, com p le te w ith a ' lunch ' break, physical
education and clubs.
An swers on page 177
Sma rt answer key o n page 177
Listening 2S minutes
S Read t he instruction to
exercise 8 , a n d a nswer the
questions.
Ho w many peop le are yo u
going to hear ?
2 W ha t will they be tal king
abo u t?
6 W hich of the argumen ts
bel o w are for, and w h ic h
are against wearing sc hool
unifor ms? Write For A.
a School unifo rm s are
ex pe ns ive. _ _
b If everybo dy wear s
uni form s, it's ch eap er -
st ude n ts can 't sho w off
their trendy clothes. _ _
c Un iforms are less
co m fortable than
st ude n ts' own clot hes.
d Wea rin g co m pu lso ry
unifo rm s limits st ude n ts'
freed om . _ _
e Th ere's mo re eq uality if
eve rybody wears the same
clothe s. _ _
7 Try to p redict which of
spea kers A- D will be for,
a n d which will be aga ins t
w earing sc h ool uniforms.
A: teen age girl o f 17
B: teenage boy of 14
C : a st ude nt's mother
D: a yo u ng teach er
For Aga ins t
Smart answer key on page 177
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 m inutes
8 . , 14 You are going to hear four people talking about
wearing school uniforms. Read statements 1-5 and match
ea ch statement to one of speakers A-D. Th ere is o ne question
that yo u can match to two speakers.
1 I never had to wea r a u n ifor m . _ _
2 I can see some advantages of school unifor ms. _
3 I used to wea r a uniform without protest. _ _
4 Wea ring uniforms has a psychological effect . _ _
5 I don't be lieve unifor ms m ake st ude n ts loo k equal. _ _
Answe-rs on page 177
EXAM TIP
In the listening exam, you wi ll hear every recordi ng twice. When you are
practising, listen to the recordings twice. During th e second tim e you listen,
complete and check your answers.
Use of English 30 minutes
9 Which t wo words o r ph ras es from t he li st bel ow co u ld go with
ea ch w ord o r phra se in the first column o f the table? Ad d th e
missing examples.
the airport surfing the Internet repeat th e sentence
tea Eher is 18 sma rt > age badly 6 o'cloc k
pentathion try harder lives in Pari s
RULES EXAMPLES
o ur + noun teacher
interested in + noun or -ing form
(activity)
meet yo u at + n oun (p lace/ ti m e)
she + ve rb (is/was or os)
cou ld yo u + ve rb (base fo rm)
ex ceptionally + a d jec tive/adverb
10 Read the te xt in exercise 12 o n page 66 quic kl y to a ns wer the
questions.
What typ e o f schools is the article about?
Is the writer's o pin io n ab out th ese school s positi ve o r negative?
11 Read th e text again. Don 't fill in the gaps. Ma ke a list of a t
least fiv e positive things the writer m entions a bo u t the
schools.
SCHOOL 6S
 1 introducin g an argum en t
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 1S minutes
2 introducing a co un te r-argu me nt
12 Read th e following a rticl e about schools in 3 giving an exam p le
Britain. Pill in each gap with one word 4 co nti nu ing an arg u me nt
only. 5 su m m arisin g/ con clud in g
6 giving a personal view
British Public Education
British pub lic sch oo ls are famo us for ' _ _ WRITING EXAM ~ 70 minutes
exce llence. Even those w ho criticise them fo r
a_ _ a sym bo l of class privil ege admit they 1S Write an essay of 200--250 words about the
have much to offer. Th ey ' _ _ ch allen ging issues involved in this question:
for u n us ually cleve r st ude n ts, but al so Should you start a career or en ter uni versit y
appreciative ' _ _ less aca de m ically-gifte d
at 18?
pe rsonalit ies. They teach self-discip line, but
also creativity. They are exc iting , an d s_ _ Co ns ider the Iollowing:
t he same t ime, successful ' _ _ conven tio na l ea rn ing a livln g
ter ms of percen tage of exam inatio n passes sta rti ng a fam ily
a nd uni versit y en tr ances. Indeed, r_ _ gain ing experience
schools where stu de n ts live, wor k an d play m eeting n ew people.
toget he r do seem ' _ _ have more success in Answers on page 178

reali sing th eir ob jectives ' _ _ any other

educa tional in stitution of our times. EXAM TIP
When you w rite an argu mentative essay, t his struct ure
Answers on page 117
of paragraphs is usually suitable:
1 introduction of the topic
EXAM TIP
2 a rgume nts for, with examp les
In a cloze task, where you have to fill in gaps in a text 3 arguments against, wi th examp les
with just o ne wo rd, it's imp ortant to understan d wha t 4 summary and co nclusion
the text is generally about. The context will help you 5 personal views (if appropriate).
wo rk out the possible meanin g of t he missing words.
It's also a good idea to read the text quickly, and look
for clues that help you decide what part of speech Speaking 55 minutes
(verb , noun , preposition, ete.) is each missing word.
Picture-based discussion 3S minutes

Writing 90 minutes 16 In each sentence, ch oose the co rrec t word: a,

b, or c, to fill the gap.
Writing an argumentative essay 1 I imagin e _ _ th e bo y is feeling anx ious in
13 Lo ok at the example essay on page 139, and th is sit uation.
find the fo llow mg: a how b t h at c what
2 Th e girl is con cen trati n g h ard on _ _ sh e's
1 tw o sen ten ces that suppor t th e statemen t in doing.
t h e ti tle a th at b what c it
2 two sen te n ces that argu e against th e 3 I d on't know, but pe rha ps the boy is _ _ a
statem en t in t he title test .
3 two sen tenc es w he re the writer shows actual a taking b getting c m akin g
exam ples 4 Th e teach er is showing the girl how to _ _
4 two sen tenc es where t he writer summarises the ma chine.
wh at h as been said befo re. a put b do c use
14 Put these linking words and phrases into the 5 You co u ld n 't be _ _ the boy all the time.
correct groups 1-6. a as b like c for
6 We can't te ll _ _ th e girl's learning as a
however to su m up in contrast bu t h obby or fo r her job.
o n th e one ha n d in addition suc h as a why b wh et her c wh ich
as far as I'm concerned for one thing
in other wo rds in fact furth ermor e
in my ow n exp erien ce conversely

66 SCHOOL Smart answer key on page 177

17 Read what a student said about the pictures in exercise 18. EXAM TIP
Ch o ose from sentences A, Band C underneath to fill in
Talking about w hat you don't know-
spaces 1-3 in the text.
guessing, having theories, wondering
There a re obvious d ifferences be twee n the two images. ' _ _ - is an important part of
The sell ing in one is academic, but it is pract ical in th e othe r. comm unication, and this is reflected in
However, I thin k there are in fact some important similarities the speaking exam .
bet ween the two pictures. z_ _ We don 't see either of them
working with other stude n ts. ' _ _ Both of th em are Debate 20 minutes
operating machines. So, I think the same ideas of educati on
are involved in eac h picture. 19 Read the follow ing arguments
and decide if t hey support t h e
A For o ne thing, bo th images are of a student lea rn ing statement in exercise 21 be lo w.
ind ividually. Write yes, no, or not sure.
B In add itio n to this con ne ction, they both sh ow stud ents
wh o a re learning by doing someth ing . 1 You ca n earn mor e money if
C For exa m ple, one sho ws a bo y and o ne a girl. yo u have a university degree.

2 On ly peo ple from wea lth ier

SPEAKING EXAM ;0, 10 minutes fam ilies can afford tu ition
fees. _
18 The two photos show different kinds of learning.
3 Talen ted people are not
Co m pa re and contrast the two pictures. Which image always th e riches t. _
feels closer to your own experience of lea rn in g?
4 Scho larsh ips sho uld be
ava ilable for those who
deserv e it . _
5 Teenagers usually have no
mon ey, so tuitio n fees are a
burden on th e parents.

6 Society need s ed ucated

people. _

20 Write similar arguments both

for and against the statement
in exercise 21.

HOW TO STUDY
Pra ctise different ways of ex pressing
your opinion, agreeing and
disagreeing, and inviting someone's
opinion. You can find useful phrases in
th e Speaking Bank on page 128.

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

21 Read the st atement below

and prepare arguments for or
against it. Then discuss the
issue with yo ur partner, and
respond to his / her co u n ter-
arguments.
Peopl e wh o go to un iversity
sh ould pay for th eir educa tion.
Answeu on page 178

Answers on page 178

Smart answer key on page 178 SCHOOL 61

Reading ... 35 minutes READING EXAM

1 Fo r ea ch sentence 1-4, choose the only w ord
of A-D that it is NOT possib le t o use to
complete it.
I lt tak es a lot of time, effo rt and m oney to
o bt ain the speci al licence n eed ed t o d rive a
ta xi in London. _ _ , only th e m ost
determined ca nd idates ach ieve t h is goa l.
A As a result, D Therefore,
B Moreover, E of the ir hands. Just jump into one of the city's
C Because of th is,
2 Taxi dr ivers are expected to know t he city
like the back of their h an ds. _ _ , they
must be as p leasant as possible, eve n to rude
passengers.
3 Read the article about taxi drivers in
Lon don . Seven ext racts have been removed
fro m the t ext. Put an extra ct fr o m A-H back
in the right spa ces to co m p le t e the te xt.
There is one ex t ra ct yo u will not need .
London taxi drivers know the cap ital like the back
22,000 distinctively-sh aped cars and tell the d river
your destination. No matter how small and difficu lt
to find the street is, the driver wi ll be able to get
you there witho ut any trouble.
' _ _ Dur ing

A What's more
BAlsa
C In addition
o
E
Nevert heless
Knowing this period, which
can ta ke fro m two to
four years, the

3 During t he train ing period, tra inee taxi

dr ivers h ave to cover their own expenses,
London wo u ld -be taxi driver
has to learn the
most direct route to
_ _ the cos t of gett ing arou nd London
using private t ranspo rt. Inside every sing le road
and to every
important building
A as a matter of fact,
B for ins tance,
C for exam ple,
D suc h as
E Out in London. To
ach ieve thi s, most
lea rn ers go around
4 Being a taxi d river m ay be dan gerous. _ _ , the city on sma ll motorbikes, practising how to
most London taxi dri vers wo uld neve r wa n t move to and from d ifferent po ints of the city.
to change t he ir job. Going around London on a sma ll motorbike can
A However D Nevert h eless have its prob lems, especially during the w inter.
E z_ _ T here was thick snow everywhe re an d I had
B Therefore
C In spite of this to wea r m y mothe r's tigh ts becau se I was so cold:
he said.
2 Ch oose one word from the list below which Learner drivers a re not allowed to work and
cou ld a lso be used to fill the gaps in the ea rn money as d rivers. 3 _ _ The trai ning period
sen tences in exercise I aho ve. Write the can cost quite a lot, becau se learn ers have to pay for
correct w o rd in the bl ank space (E) after eac h the ir own expenses (getting around Lond on using
sente nce. private tran sp ort), the tes ts they take and a medi cal
exam.
sti ll consequently additiona lly like
On ce a new taxi driver has a licen ce, the nex t
thing he or she has to cope with is the public.
EXAM TIP Drivers agree tha t most passengers are very
When doing the task, mark the extracts you have used. pleasant, although occasiona lly they can be nasty.
When you have completed the task, check that you But, as Brian Tu rner, 53, a taxi d river for thirty
d id n't use a fragm ent twice. yea rs, exp lains : 'Your job is to tak e them whe re they
wa nt to go in a poli te and pleasant ma nner,
whatever they are like. After all, if you're
unp leasant to your passenger, yo u won' t ge t a tip.'

68 WORK Smart answer key on page 178

 ~ 20 minutes Listening ~ 20 minutes
---
4 Read the in struct io n t o exercise 6 a n d answer
these questio n s.
' _ _ Colin Sinclair was once attacked by a
passeng er w ho did not want to pay the fare: ' He 1 How ma ny people are go ing t o speak?
grabbed m y han d and said, 'I am going to beat you 2 What are they go ing to ta lk about?
up', and then he started pushing m e towards th e 3 Do yo u know who's go ing to speak first?
window. Luckil y, I m an aged to reach the emergenc y 4 What do yo u h ave to listen fo r?
radio and w ithin five minutes twenty drivers had
5 Deci d e which of the jobs A-E can be
come to my aid .'
d escribed using the wo rds or phrases in the
s _ _ The big adva ntage of thi s system is that
li st bel ow. You ca n u se so me o f t h em more
drivers then know the na me and th e destination of
tha n o nce.
their passen gers in advance, w hich is very useful if
something nasty happen s. pu t to bed t rees blow-dry get ti ps
'_ _ Celebrities an d politicians often use taxis m orning paper customers ' was h frui t
and thi s can ad d a bit of exciteme n t to the lives of crates te ll sto ries fro n t door
the drivers . Brian Turne r once carried two do a rou nd h ai rcu t far m ' feed
princesses in his taxi - w itho ut even realising it! He serve m eals pe rm ' bring the bi ll
recalled: 'They stopped me in front of the gates of pick fruit ne ighbourhood lo o k af ter
Kensingt on Palace. [ knew I had seen th em in
photograp hs but it was on ly after they left tha t [ A Babysittin g
realised who th ey were!' B Fru it pi cki ng
Talking and dri vin g at th e same tim e is not easy. C Serv ing customers in a tea -room
'_ _ They and their taxis ar e a landmark of the D Deli veri n g news papers
capital and are recogni sed th rou ghout the wor ld, E Helping in a h aird ressin g salo n
along with th e Queen and Big Ben, as a grea t British
tradition . L15TENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

6 '" 15 You will hear four teenagers talking

about how they earn some pocket money.
A But so meti mes it is not o n ly the tip that is at Decide which person does which job (A-E) .
risk; a taxi dri ver's job ca n also be dangerous. Write the number of the speaker in the
B To avoid situa tions like this, more and more correct box. One job does not appear in the
drive rs are join in g radio ta xi co m pan ies, recording.
wh ich o n ly d eal with cus tome rs who h ave
A Babysitting Speaker D
telep ho ned for a taxi an d who often ha ve an
B Fruit pi cking Spea ker D
account with t hem.
C Serving cus to m ers in a t ea-room Speaker D
C Therefo re, m any of them keep t he ir pr evious
D Deli vering newspaper s Speak er D
jobs un til they get their taxi-driving licence.
E Helping in a hairdressing salo n Speaker D
D But t h is is the art that Lon do n 's tax i drivers
Answers on page 178
h ave brought to perfect io n.
E Colin Sincla ir, 40, w ho h as been a ta xi d river
EXAM TIP
fo r fift een years, desc ribed hi s training peri od
as a ti m e of extreme p hysica l d iscomfort . Before you listen for the first time, make sure you read
F Learner taxi d rivers are tested several t imes the instructions carefully. Check that you know exactly
what you have to do (write something down? tick
by government officers.
boxes? number boxes? choose an answer?, etc.).
G Ho wever, n ot all u nex pecte d m eetings are
nasty ones.
H The reason Londo n taxi drive rs are so
p rofessional is t hat they h ave all go ne
through a very d ifficul t t rai n ing period
kn own as 'the knowledge' t o get the special
licence n eed ed to drive taxis.
Answers on page 178

Smart answer key on page 17 8 WORK 69

Use of English 3S minutes
7 The gaps in the sentences
below are the sa m e types of
things you often find in an
open doze test (like exercise 9).
Here your task is to choose the
correct w ord: a , b , or c, to fill
each ga p.
1 Nor t htown School, _ _ I go
to, is well known for sport .
a which
b t hat
c where
2 My cit y's footba ll tea m has
n ever _ _ successfu l in t he
championshi p .
a been
b gone
c had
3 I h aven 't visited as m any
co un tries _ _ my siste r.
a as
b than
c so
4 As Ed ucatio n Min iste r, she is
respo nsible _ _ the quality
of ed ucatio n in o ur schools.
a to
b wit h
c for
5 _ _ yo u t h in k yo u cou ld
help me wit h my pro ject?
a Wi ll
b Do
c Can
8 Rea d t h is short text. It contai ns
seven errors. Can yo u find and
correct t h em?
When I thi nk o n t he future, I
reali se I reall y have no idea w hat
I' m go ing to do. Th at I wa nt to
do is to enjoy the prese nt and
live for t he m oment. W hen my
brot her h ad my age, all h e d id
was make plan s. He kn ew wh ich
h e wanted to go to uni versit y,
wh at co urse to take - ev eryt h ing .
Even as a teen ager, he has
decided of hi s jo b. And, let m e
tell yo u, my brother is ve ry
boring! I' m go ing to live m y life
di fferen t.
70 W ORK
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM 1S minutes
9 Complete the text by writing one word only in each gap.
SHOCKING NEWS:
STUDENTS WANT TO TEACH!
Teachers may feel underpaid and unappreciated, but,
judging from the results of a recent career survey,
they're inspiring ' _ _ very tough crowd: teenagers .
The sur vey found that teaching is a top car eer
choice for teenagers, ranking as high z_ _ doctor - a
frequent favourite - and just above lawyer - another
popular choice. Th e sur vey was based on respo nses
from more ' _ _ 1,000 people ' _ _ were aged from
13 to 17 . The qu estion asked was, 'What kind of work
' _ _ you think yo u will do for a care er?' The
te enagers were asked ' _ _ give thei r to p three
choices. The other top ten choices included spo rts,
scien ce, architecture, business, th e military,
engineering and nursing.
Results have always differed between girls and
bays. For example, a military career ' _ _ never been
a top-ten ch oice among girl s, but it 's often popular
with ba ys. ' _ _ the o th er h and, nursin g is usually a
popular choice with girls , but h as never made the top
ten wit h bo ys.
Answers on page 179
EXAM TIP
Open doze, w here you fi ll in gaps with one word of your ow n, is
design ed to test your knowledge of gra mm ar. So, alth ough you should
consid e r th e meaning of the sente nce that cont ains th e gap, th e word
you write in th e ga p will probably be a g ra mmar wo rd. In oth er words,
you need to show the exa miner wha t you know abou t grammar, not
how many words yo u' re famili ar w it h.
Writing ~ 75 minutes
Writing a formal letter
10 Make so me notes a b o u t yo u rse lf under the fo ll o w ing
h eadings. Write a t least two fa cts in ea ch ca te gory.
Educati on:
Ho bbi es:
Ambiti ons/ Plans:
Skills:
Smart answer key o n pa ge 178
11 Use the information fro m ex ercise 10 to write a short text LANGUA GE TI P
a bout yourself. Use the following framework as the basis
for your text. . Direct question : 'Can you tell me how
to get to your house?'
My nam e is and I live in . In my family, Indirect question : 'I wo uld like to
_ _ _ _ . I atte n d school, wh ere I study seve ral know how to get to your hou se:
sub jects: . The exam results I have ac h ieved are: Indirect qu estion s are more forma l and
___ _ . The sub ject(s) that interest me most is/a re respectful. In a formal lett er we usually
_ _ _ _ becau se _ present questions indirectly. You
My hobbies and interests are: . . I en joy it/th em should practise forming indir ect
because _ questions so that you can easily do
this in any situatio n in th e writing
In the future, I h op e to and to . I th in k I
exam task.
would be good at beca use _

If yo u're practising with a partner, compare what yo u have

written and check each other's work for errors.
Speaking ... 10 minutes

Situational role-play
12 Ch o ose from the words below to fill in gaps 1-4. (You don 't
. . 3S minutes
need to write the end of the sentence yet.)
15 Look at these questions about
wondering like interested hope
choosing a summer job. What
I wo uld ' _ _ to know wh at qualificati ons I would n eed to be word is m issing in each case?
a . Choose words from the list
I was z_ _ if wo rk placements are available in . underneath.
I ' _ _ that yo u can tell me about su itable tra ining co urse for 1 What kinds of jobs hav e you
_ _ before"!
I wou ld be ' _ _ to know if opportu n ities for pro mo tion are 2 Do you h ave other _ _
good In . exp erien ce?
3 Well, for exa mp le, hav e you
13 Th ink of at least two ways of fin ishing each sen tence in
_ _ so me th ing at sch ool?
exercise 12.
4 Do you ha ve a _ _ ide a of
the work yo u wou ld like?
WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes 5 Would you like a job _ _
with people?
14 You h a ve seen the fo llowing a n nouncement, a n d decided 6 Would you _ _ to be in an
to w rite a letter to the Cou ncil. Write 200-250 words. office env iro n me n t?
7 _ _ me, is th ere a job that
yo u wo uld not want?

Education and Skills workin g prefer o rganised

done tell releva nt clea r
Support Council
The Cou nci l's ro le is to provide yo ung people in
th e region w ith help an d a d v ice abou t pl anning
th eir future.
We w ill tell yo u ng people abou t education ,
training , work pl acemen ts and career prospec ts
if th ey w rite to us:
telling us ab ou t their st u d ies, achievements
and interest s
saying w ha t ambitio ns and plans th ey h ave
for stu d y and /or w ork
exp la in ing what h elp they want.

Answers on page 179

Smart answe r key on page 179 WORK 71

16 Look at these suggestions. Choose the correct word: a, b, or c EXAM TIP
for each gap.
It's important to pract ise
1 Why don't yo u try _ _ to t he local to u rist information office? expressing yo urself in English in a
a apply b applying c ap plication range of different ways. You
2 I think yo u _ _ see if you can get a job in a sh o p . should be able to ask questions,
for example, or make suggestions,
a sh ould b might c would
in several ways. It can be boring -
3 W h at a bo ut jobs _ _ you could pr acti se yo u r Engli sh? or even rude - if you always do
a wher e b how c wh ic h t hese things in exactly the same
4 It sho uld be possib le _ _ you to work in a restaurant. way.
a if b wit h c for
5 Look for businesses which need to _ _ an interpreter. Picture-based discussion
a put b ha ve c do .... 35 minutes

18 Ch o o se from t he wo rds
SPEAKING EXAM I<>- 10 minutes below to complete t he text
about jobs and work.
17 Your friend wants to get a job this summer and asks you for
a dvice. assistant o ffice
h o lid ays st ressfu l 0
Look at this list of job advertisements: qualified u nskilled
highly skill ed promotion
training m anual
SUMMER JOBS
pension skilled
Child minder co m m u te wh ite-co llar

Eng lish family living here lor the sum mer requ ire a Traditionally, job s ha ve been
child minder lor their two child ren (3 and 7). Use 01 car divided into two ty pes, based
and meal s provided. 5 d ays a week and some eve nings. o n the clot h ing peop le wore
to d o their wo rk: bl ue-collar
Cit y guide job s in fact ories an d ' _ _
Tourist office look ing to em ploy guides during the job s in offi ces. These da ys,
su mmer. Official city tours last two hours and are in we usually refer to the two
Eng lish. History knowledge essen tial. types as z_ _ jobs and
' _ _ jobs respecti vely. Some
Shop assistant jobs ar e ' _ _ : anyone can
do these jobs, without being
Busy store in shop ping centre requires su m mer shop
trained . Mo st job s, howe ver,
ass istants. Friendly manner, sma rt ap pe arance, in terest
are s _ _ and many job s are
in fashion, rea sonable Eng lish.
' _ _ . If you get a certi ficate,
Waiter diploma o r d egree, then yo u
will be ' _ _ . Because man y
Busy city cen tre bistro w ishes to employ seasonal jobs ar e ver y spe cialised, yo u
wa iting staff. Good com munication skills a mu st. will recei ve ' _ _ to h elp
Flexible hours, to include some wee kends and yo u d o the job . Alt h o ug h
evenings. yo u will probably start as an
' _ _ , yo u ca n hope to get a
Hotel receptionist to _ _ after a wh ile . If yo u

Excellen t opportunity for the right person to begin a ha ve to " _ _ a long way to
career in hotel industr y. 4* hotel near airport requires work, you ma y find it u_ _ .
recepti on ass istan t during su mmer. O n t h e o t her hand, if yo u
can tak e long u _ _ and
Discuss the following points with your friend . yo ur co m pa ny pr ovides yo u
w it h a good " _ _ plan, you
o Ask your frien d what ex perience he or sh e has. may fee l glad to h ave yo u r
o Ask wha t kinds of work h e o r she would like to d o. job.
o Ask wha t kinds of work h e or she wo uld n' t like to do .
o Make su ggest io ns ab out wh ich job or job s adver tis ed wou ld
be suita ble fo r your frien d .
Answers on page 119

72 W ORK Smart answer key on page 179

19 Here are some sentences
that students said about the
photos in exercise 20. Ca n
you match the beginnings
1-5 with the endings a-e?
1 Personally, I th ink I'd be
better at
2 Yes, actually, my father
does a very
3 Well, he is some kind of
mechanic, but
4 Maybe this company is
involved
5 Although this man wo rks
very hard physically,
a similar job to th e one
shown here.
b I think it may not be too
stressful.
c in marketin g or th e med ia
- some th ing crea tive.
d an o ffice job tha n manual
wo rk.
e th e others could be almos t
an ything.

SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes

20 Look at the two photos

of jobs. Compare and
contrast the work and the
situations.
Wh at jobs are shown?
Whi ch job wo uld yo u
prefer doing?
Do yo u kn ow people
wh o do th ese kinds of
jobs?
An swet'S on page 179

EXAM TIP
In the speaking exa m, the picture-
based discussion usually relates to
a part icular top ic. Every to pic has
its ow n specific vocabulary, w hich
you can imm ediately use in talking
about the pictur e. Look at the
Word Bank on page 151.

Smart answer key on page 179 WORK 73

Reading 35 minutes
1 Read the fo ll o w in g
paragraph, then decide
which of the statements
below, A or B, is true,
acco rd ing to the
in formation in the
p ara gra ph.
50% of the su rvey
respondents ad m itted the
applicant's appea ran ce pla yed
a rol e in rec ru it me n t
pro cedures. The rate wa s
three times lower among
successful job applica nts, and
only one in twenty
em ployers (5%) agreed that
ap pe arance was a de cisive
factor.
A Half of the job app licants
that we re turned down
believed that the way they
looked was to blame.
B 95% of em ployers claimed
appearance wa s
co m p letely irrelevant
when em plo ying n ew
staff.
EXAM TIP
Read all four options carefully.
Remember, one word can change
the meaning of the whoie
sentence to make it a w rong
answer. If you're not sure which
option is the best answer, try
eliminating the ones that you
know are w rong to reduce your
choices.
74 WORK
READING EXAM
2 Read the a rti cl e abou t discrimination in the workplace, and
choose the best option: a , b , c, or d to complete statements
1-5 about the te xt.
Overweight, underpaid
Sexual, racial and age discrimination are
outlawed. Are sizeism and lookism the last
prejudices?
SONYA is heaviiy overweight and used to what she describes as
'fatism' from the general public. But she hadn't expected her obesity
to affect her career prospects. ' I knew the moment I turned up to my
iast job interview that my chances were low,' she says. ' When I met
my two interviewers, I knew I'd lost immediately because of the way
they looked at me. The thing that was most upsetting was that the
telephone conver satio n I'd had with one of them beforehand
suggested I had all the skills and experience necessary and the
interview was just a formality.'
'Lookism' is the latest discrimination to hit the workplace,
according to the law firm, Eversheds. Victims of the trend are judged
by employers on aspects of their appearance ranging from weight to
clothing and from hairstyle to body piercing. Some are turned down
for jo bs, others miss out on promotion. The latest research has
revealed a culture of appearance disc rimination swe eping businesses
across the world. A staggering 16% of Americans believe they have
been discriminated against because of the way they look and 33%
believe that those who are more physically attractive are more likely
to get promoted.
Discrimination claims involving alleged lookism are surging in the
US. In fact, there are only two states of America that have specific
laws against appearance discrimination. In other states , lawyers are
turning to discrimination laws relating to issues like gender, race and
disability. So if someone is overweight because of a clinical problem,
they can claim disability discrimination.
There are examples of lookism issues already arising in the UK as
well. A couple of years ago, Fitness First received widespread
criticism after a leaked email claimed that larger employees did not fit
the firm's image. In the UK, we don't have any laws against
appearance discrimination, but Ms Emma Harris, an assoc iate at
Eversheds, believes it won't be long before we do. ' I think it's only a
matter of time before some kind of beauty bias legislation comes into
play,' she says. In the meantime, victims of lookism are, like most
Americans, relying on sex, race and disability discrimination. Among
the British who have been successful in an indirect discrimination
claim are Matthew Thompson, who last year argued that he had
sutTered sexua l discrimination because he was forced to wear a tie
while his female colleagues weren't , and a man who was made to cut
his long hair by his employers.
Sma rt answer key on pa ge 180
 ~ 2S minutes
I Before her last job in terview,
Sonya
a had expected problems
gett ing the job.
b h ad n ever felt
discrimin ated aga ins t.
c had n ot realized h ow
ove rweigh t she was.
d had thought the interview
wo uld be a forma lity.
2 Du ring the in te rview
a Sonya was surprised there
were two in terviewers.
b she d id n't like the way the
in terviewers looked .
c th e interviewers we re
sur prised at her
qualificati ons.
d she h ad a feeling she
wo uldn't be accept ed .
3 Looki sm
a is n ot lim ited to job
applicants.
b is opposed by one third of
American s.
c o n ly affects un attract ive
a nd overweight people.
d h as been research ed for
ma ny yea rs n ow.
4 In the USA
a lookism is forbidden by
federal law.
b race di scriminati on is more
Widespr ead than 100kisl11 .
c the number of cases
related to lookism is
growing.
d lawyers turn down peopl e
wh o claim appea rance
di scrimination .
5 In the UK
a the re is pu blic acceptance
o f lookism.
b legal regul ati ons aga inst
loo kism are expected soo n .
c victims of lookism h ave n o
ch ance to claim th eir
rights.
d there have been n o cases
related to looki sm so far.
Answers on page 180
Smart answer key on page 180
Listening 20 minutes
3 Write a list of three a rgu m en ts for, and three arguments
against starting a fa m ily at an early age. Th in k especially
a bou t how having c h ild re n would affect someone's career.
, LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
4 .s, 16 You are going to hear four women talking about
balancing a career with raising children. Match speakers
A- D to statements 1-8. There is one statement yo u
ca n n ot match to any of the speakers.
A Tara Hastin gs
B [anice Pepper
C Linda Stern
D Vanessa Carroll
I She doesn't m iss the luxur ies that working couples
without children have. _ _
2 She believes family is more important th an h avin g a
career. _ _
3 She planned her career so tha t having child ren wo uld n ot
affect it so mu ch . _ _
4 She thinks h er partner sh ou ld have given up hi s job to
stay with the ch ild ren so she co uld retu rn to h er caree r.
5 Her pa rt n er had to wo rk longer hours when she gave up
h er job to be with the ir kids . _ _
6 She acce pted a lower salary so she cou ld be in a better
pos ition at a smaller compa ny. _ _
7 She is raising her children on her own besides having a
job . _ _
8 She did n't want to be old when her children left high
school. _ _
Answers on pag e 180
EXAM TIP
It's easier to understand th e recordin g if you know wh at to expect. Read
th e task carefully before you listen. Be careful: if a phrase in the recording
sounds sim ilar to the stateme nts in the task, it's not necessarily the
inform ation you' re looking for. Pay att ention to the meaning of w hat yo u
hear.
WORK 75
Use of English ~ 25 minutes
S Match phrases 1-10 with their definitions
a-j.
1 apply
2 sta rting salary
3 curr iculum vit ae (CV) (BrE)/resu me (AmE)
4 permanent job
5 in te rview
6 tem porary job
7 q ua lifications
8 working co nd itio ns
9 experien ce
10 pa rt-time job
a a jo b which will en d o n a specific da y
b tra in ing or exams need ed fo r a job
c working less t han the normal wor king wee k
d to ask questions to find ou t if so meone is
right fo r a job
e a job wh ich yo u can expect to do for a long
ti me
f the amount of money yo u are paid when
yo u start working
g knowledge yo u get from doing a job for a
long time
h situatio n in which you work
to ask for a job in writi ng
a short hi stor y of yo ur ed ucatio n an d whe re
yo u have wo rked so far
6 Read the text in exercise 7 quickly (don't fill
in the gaps yet) and tick the four pieces of
a d vice of A- F below that are mentioned .
A Yo u can fin d information abo ut jobs in
n ewspap ers an d o n the Internet. 0
B If yo u don't find a permanent job
immedi at ely, tr y to find a temporary job for
a short time. 0
C Apply for eve ry attractive full -time and part-
time job that yo u find to increase your
chances of get t in g a job . 0
D W h en you sen d in yo ur CV, don't write
about all yo ur qu alifications there, leave this
to t he interview. 0
E Ask q uestions about t he wo rking co n ditions,
bu t try to avoid br ing ing up the questi on of
money yo u rself. 0
F If yo u d ress elega n tly, yo u ' ll h ave a better
chance of succeed ing at the interview. 0
76 WORK
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM .. 10 minutes
7 Read the following advice from a ca ree r
consultant, a n d fill in gaps 1-1 0 with a
suitable word or phra se fro m list. Use eac h
word or phrase only once. There is one
word or phrase that yo u don't need.
why n ot fo r ' t h is kind of those
bein g except something even to
Get it right!
Katy Sm ith, career co ns u ltant, has a few tr icks
up h er sleeve for ' loo king for a jo b.
Go on and get it right!
Read rec ru it ment sections in newspapers an d
o n the Intern et . A good pe rma ne n t job wit h a
promise of lo n g-t erm employment can be
diffi cu lt to fin d, so z take a
tem porary job, 3 if it is only for a
few mont hs? Every day in m ost local
news pa pe rs there are at t rac tive
ad ve rtisemen ts for both full -time an d part -
time jobs, so don 't miss them!
W he n yo u've decided to apply ' a
job , sen d yo ur ap plica tion wit h a CV as soon
as possible. Don't forget to list all yo ur
qu alifi catio ns (degrees and di plomas) and any
previous experience yo u h ave wit h s _
work.
At t h e inter view don't be afraid ' _
ask abo ut working co n d itions (e.g. h ours o r
holidays) but wait for the in terviewer to
me ntion the questi o n of starti ng sa lary.
Mo ney is a deli cate issu e an d ' _
greedy will n ot get yo u a job.
Dress for success! Put o n smart clothes an d
wea r ' bri ght to boost yo ur
co n fide nce at the in terview.
Answers on page 180
EXAM TIP
Before you fill in th e gaps, read the text quickly to
check that you understand the main points. This will
help you find the right word more easily.
Smart answer key on page 180
Writing ~ 70 minutes Speaking 20 minutes

Writing a formal letter/job application Picture-based discussion

8 Read these pai rs of sentences from job
applica tion letters. In ea ch case, d ecide
which alternative: a o r b, you think is more
appropriate.
a I am writing in reference to your
advertise ment for tourist gu ides .
b [ am writing beca use [ saw your
advertisement.
2 a There are many reasons why [ wo u ld be
great at the job.
b [feel I wo uld be suita ble for th e position
for a n um ber of reaso ns.
3 a [have ac h ieved h igh marks in my
Eng lish language exa ms .
b My English lan gua ge ab ility is
un believable.
4 a I can say everyth ing I want to say.
b I believe that I h ave goo d
commun ication skills.
5 a I am a ma jor ex pe rt on ou r town's
hi stor y.
b I have always taken a keen interest in th e
h istory of our town.
6 a [ would like to develop my caree r.
b My present job is rubbish .
10 What do you think? Are the fo llowin g jobs
better done by women, or by m en, or is there
no difference?
train d river n urse foo tballer politician
arch itec t web desig ne r coa l miner
11 If you're working with a partner, discuss
you r answers to ex ercise 10 . Give reasons.
Discuss other jobs, too.
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
12 Look at the photo of th e woman, a n d
discuss t he fol lowing questions.
Whe re is she? What is she doi ng?
Are some jobs more su ited to men or
wo me n? Why?
Answers on page 181
EXAM TIP
Fillers and connecto rs are very useful wo rds that give
you tim e to t hink. Don 't overuse th em t houg h, becau se
thi s mi ght give the impression that you can't find the
words you' re looking for.

WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes

9 You h ave seen this job advertisement and

have d ecided to apply. Write your letter of
ap p lic a tio n (150-200 words) .

Wanted: people with

the right attitude!
O ur town is g rowing in popular ity w ith
foreign to uris ts. We need guides to show them
round . Gu ides need to:
have a friend ly manner
speak goo d English
know abo ut our city - facilities, history, etc.
If yo u fit this description, se nd us a letter of
app lication, ad dressed to the Officer for
Tou rism.

Answers on page 180

EXAM TIP
The most impo rtant thin g about w riting a job
application task in the w riting exam is to rememb er
w ho th e reader is. WiIi your lette r tell th e reader all th e
inform ation he or she needs to know ? Chec k t he
required poin ts carefully. Also make sure yo u use
appropriate formal language.

Smart answer key on pa ge 180 WORK 77

Reading . . 30 minutes

1 Match ve rbs 1-8 with phrases a-h to form 2 Match the phrases with their d efinitions.
coll ocati ons co n n ected wi t h a healthy 1 put o n weight a sta rt (e.g. a n ew hobby)
li fest yle. There may b e diffe rent so luti o n s 2 give up b grow fatte r
possible . 3 cut do wn on c h ave less of
1 stay a en o ug h sleep 4 take up d stop (doing)
2 keep b fit
3 avoid c a sensible diet HOW TO STUDY
4 go d jogging Record any new vocabulary that you wa nt to remember
5 wo rk o ut e in sh ape in your notebook. It's usuaiiy a good idea to write down
6 get f weigh t th e new words in a phra se or sentence, which shows
7 lose g st ress yo u not only the meaning of the word, but also how it's
8 follow h in the gy m used in context.

READING EXAM ~ 20 minutes

3 Read the following leaflet giving advice on leading a healthy life. Some phrases
h ave been left out of the text . Ch o ose from phrases A-I below to complete the
gaps. There is one phrase you're not going to need.

How to live to be 100

Reduce calories and cut down on sw eets, cakes and chocolate. If you are overweight, try to lose
weight. Bein g overweight increases yo ur ' of developi ng circu lation problems.
Follow a sens ible diet - eat as mu ch low-fat food as possible: chicken, fish and yogurt are good
for you. Aim to eat at least five portions of fruit an d vegetables a day to ens ure your z _
of Vitamin C and health-giving minerals.
Give up smoking - eve ry cigarette shortens your life.
Lead an active lifest yle. Keep fit and stay in sha pe: ' out in "the gym or take up
jogging? Cho ose an activity that you' . Exercise sho uld be a pleasure, not a d u ty. Aim
to exercise for about 30 minutes at least five times a wee k. If you wor k sitting down , s _
up as often as you can and wa lking around for a whi le.
DON'T
Don't go to bed late: if you don't get enough sleep, you w ill lack energy and you w ill age faster.
Sleep replen ishes the energies spe nt d uring the day and aids the natural healing p rocess of the
bod y.
Don't get stressed: 6 and avoid stress at h om e, scho ol or work. Learn to relax, and
when you feel that your stress level is rising, take a break .
Don' t eat between meals: it's the fastest way to put on we igh t. If you 7 snacks, try at
least to eat healthy snacks, like fruit or yog urt.
Don't be a fitness fanatic' You need to stay in sha pe bu t reme mber to ' _

A why n ot wo rk D chances G maintain a bal an ced lifest yle

B it's wor th practi sing E can 't give up H en joy doing
C keep ca lm F t ry get ting I intak e
Answers on page 181

78 HEALTH Smart answer key on pa ge 181

Listening 25 minutes
4 Read carefully the
in st ruct io n to exercise 6
to find out about the
recording you are going to
hear. Then choose the best
ending for the sentence
below.
In t he exa m task yo u are
go ing to listen to
a a speech given by an old
woman.
b an in te rview with an o ld
man,
c a story of a yo ung man.
S Read the possible answers
in exercise 6 and try to
guess what kind of
information to expect in
t he recording. Which of
sentences 1-7 do you t h in k
are true (T) and which a re
false (F)?
1 Mr Sin cla ir may be around
one h undred yea rs old.
T/ F
2 He has never been
married . T / F
3 He has more than one
grandchild . T / F
4 He says so met h in g about
t h e times when he was
you ng. T / F
S He was an o nly ch ild.
T /F
6 We' re going to h ear hi m
ta lk abo ut his attit ude to
life. T / F
7 In h is interview h e ta lks
ab out smoking. T / F
HOW TO STUDY
Remember that during the
exam inatio n yo u will hear the
recordin g twice. When yo u
practise, try listen ing to the
recordi ng no more t han tw ice to
complete the task.
Smart answe r key on page 181
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
6 '" 17 First read sentences 1-7. You are going to hear a radio
interview with an elderly man. Ch oose the correct option:
a, b, or c, according to the information you hear in the
recording.
1 Mr Sin clair te lls us that h e
a h as already celeb rate d hi s l Oflth birthda y.
b is goi ng to celebrate his lOath bir thday soon .
c can not remember pr ecisely when hi s bir thday is.
2 Mr Sin clair has been married
a o nce.
b twi ce.
c th ree times.
3 Ho w many gran dc h ildre n does Mr Sinclair h ave?
a Six.
b Ten.
c Twelve.
4 When he was you ng , Mr Sinclair
a worked in the open air.
b ate a healthy diet .
c took regular exercise.
S Most of Mr Sinclair's brothers and siste rs
a resembled their mother.
b lived for a long t im e.
c had health probl em s.
6 Mr Sincl air be liev es it is important
a to avoid problems.
b to work hard.
c to be optimistic.
7 Mr Sinclair gave up sm o king
a at the same time as hi s wife.
b to please hi s wife .
c whe n his wife left him .
Answers o n pa ge 181
LANGUAGE TIP
The no un exercise whe n it refers to physical exe rcise is uncounta ble. Yo u say
You should take more exercise. Mr Sinclair doesn't do any exercise. (NOT
5 (ei'cis85)
EXAM TIP
Always read th e inst ruction s carefully, as t his may give yo u some vital
information abo ut the record ing yo u are goi ng to hear. Then, befo re you
listen to the recording, read the possible answers. This will help you guess
what information to expect in th e recordi ng .
HEALTH 79
Use of English ... 25 minutes Writing ... 80 minutes

7 Look at the following words. Ca n you put them in the right Writing an informal
gra m m a r groups? Eac h group con ta ins an example that might letter
h elp yo u.
9 Use this framework to write
from cou ld him th at in an a lot o f senten ces describing ea tin g
sho uld have herself as alth oug h bu t below will a n d drinking in yo ur
its is going to SOIll e neverthe less co u n try. You shou ld also
a d d some ideas of your
prepositi on s modal pronouns articles determiners linking own .
verbs words
---j
We have breakfast at ... and we
into may we th e mu ch however
eat our main meal of the day at ...
Restaurants usually close at .. .
The mai n ing redients of our
cooking are: ... and ...
Add a few word s of you r own to each gro u p .
The most popular trad itional dish
is ... or ...
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes If you want a snack, you should go
8 Read the extract from a book on British culture, and use oue to a ... and ask for ....
word onty to fill each gap in the text. My favourite meal consists of ..
Is the situation changing? Well, .

The conquest of food in Britain 10 Look at these sentences

taken from informal letters.
Fil l in the gaps w ith the
The ethnic minorities are taking over British food. And
correct word from th e list.
it's a good thing, too, since no one would say the
British have ever ' _ _ famous for their cooking. We fash iona ble at mosphe re '
are actually famous for not being ' _ _ to cook at a ll. deliciou s vegetarians
After hundreds of years of trying to create a national soph ist icated
cuisine ' _ _ could impress the world, the British have
never really got much further _ _ breakfast. in fact, Speak ing for m yself, my
other Europeans have always said that in s _ _ to eat favourite is ' kefir' . It's a
well in Britain one has to eat an English breakfast spec ial kind o f yogur t. I
three times a day. think there's no English
But times ' _ _ changing . Nowadays, if you turn wo rd for it . But it's
t _ _ for a meal in a British family home, you are
abso lutely _ _ .
more e_ _ to be given Indian curry or a Chinese stir- 2 Our cuisine may n ot be
fry than roast beef with Yorkshire pudding . the most _ _ in th e
wor ld, bu t I think it tastes
the best . It h as a long
h istory, too .
Answ.rs on page 182 3 Restaura n ts have a lovely
_ _ in th e eve n ing, with
EXAM TIP violins playin g a nd sad
Don 't worry if there are some wo rds in the text that you don't understand. In songs .
this task, the gaps are usually g rammar words (prepositions, mo dal verbs, 4 I th ink th e situa tion for
pronouns, etc.) - it's not a test of vocabulary. _ _ ha s im proved in
recen t yea rs. But we really
love our meat!
5 Inevitably, fast food is
beco ming _ _ , wh ich is
causing a litt er prob lem, if
nothing else.

80 HEALTH Sma rt answer key on page 181

11 For an informal letter, which sentence, A or Speaking ~ 45 minutes
E, in the following pairs would be more
suitable? Situational role-play ~ 20 m inutes
I A I was pleased to receive yo ur recent letter.
14 Read the instructions to exercise 16. Look at
B It was great to h ea r from yo u.
the list of recommendations. Match each
2 A I'll t ry a nd answer yo ur questi ons . recommendation with a reason 1-5 below.
B I sh ould be delighted to respond to you r
I becau se if you don't, you' ll get fat .
enquiries.
2 becau se you mustn't get col d.
3 A I trust yo u are in good h ealth. 3 because if yo u don 't, you' ll get tir ed .
B I hope yo u' re we ll. 4 because too much o f it m akes yo u fat .
4 A I look forw ard to h earin g fro m yo u in the 5 becau se you mustn't spread ge rms.
near future.
1S Look a t these comments m ade b y students
B Please write again soon .
co n sid erin g the recommendations from
12 Look a t these openings a n d closings of exercise 16. What words are missing? Ch oose
letters . W hich ones are fo rm a l, and which the correct word for each ga p fro m the li st
in fo rma l? underneath .
Dear Sir/Madam /D irector Dear Ms Bowles I We n eed to tell people to kee p clean _ _
Dea r jessica Lots of love that we can sto p illnesses sp readi ng.
Yo urs faith full y Yours sincerely 2 It's im po rta n t to get people to slee p en ough
All the bes t and m ainta in _ _ energy levels.
3 I thin k regular exe rcise is the _ _
Inform al o pening Fo rm a l opening importan t po int - kee ping fit .
4 I do n 't really ag ree . It's more impor tan t to
protect yo urse lf _ _ the co ld in win ter.
5 Well, what do yo u think _ _ the
recommendation to eat less suga r?
In fo rmal closing Formal closing
th eir about so most from

H OW TO STUDY

Which cl osings go with which openings?
WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes
13 Here is part of a letter you receive from an
En glish -spea kin g fr iend:
... and that's why 1'11I so curious to know about
YOllr country's food. I mean, what are the
national dishes? What are YOllr OWII personal
[avourites? Whell do yOIl eat YOllr main m eal of
the day? Is everything very traditi onai, or is it,
like ill so lIlallY countries these days, all
cha nging? ...
Write you r repl y to yo ur friend, answering
the questions. Write no more than 200
words.
Answers on page 182
LANGUAGE TIP
It's important to write letters appropriately. Don't send a
chatty note to a business and don't write to your friends
Two of the most common ways of explaining reasons
are shown in exerci se 14: Take your umbrella, because
you mustn't get wet. OR Take your umbreilo, because if
you don 't, you'll get wet. Practi se explaining reasons in
these two ways until you can do this automatically.
SPEAK ING EXAM .. 10 minutes
16 You and your partner have been asked to
choose the topic for a poster campaign in
your school. The topic you choose will be
the subject of posters displayed around
your school to improve health.
Discuss the options on the list below, and
choose the one you think is most suitable
for the poster campaign.
eat less sugar
always wash your hands
dress sensibly
exercise regularly
get enough sleep
Answers on page 182

as if th ey we re gove rnme nt depa rtm ent s! The difference

affects everything, from the opening to the closing.

Smar t answer key on pag e 182 HEALTH 81

Picture-based discussion ~ 25 m inutes
17 Read these sen te nces about food a n d ea ting.
Ca n yo u co m p lete them b y writi n g o ne word
fro m the list below in each ga p?
in with to of the
Of co u rse, I accept that fast food has th e
adva ntage _ _ co nvenience .
2 _ _ truth is, a lot of our traditional
n ation al di sh es aren 't very healthy eithe r.
3 Actua lly, th e most important thing is _ _
have a balanced diet.
4 I don 't thi n k a burger and ch ips provides
yOll _ _ enough vitami ns.
5 I prefer th e ra nge of flavours
19 Look at the two photos of food. Co m pa re
yo u get _ _ traditional di she s.
18 Ca n you put the words in the correct order
to make senten ce s? Eac h se nte nce co ntains a
reason why people buy fast foo d .
If yOll have to work late, fast your di n n er
you can food a way ea t on home.
2 For young peop le, alt ernative is to a cheap
fast food a restaura nt.
3 Let 's face it, they don 't means it so me fast
food people an d like coo kin g don 't do have
to .
4 If you need to provide grou p a meal, with
large a fast food is a n way easy to do it.
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
and co n trast the two meals shown.
Wha t kinds of food are there?
Whi ch is h ealthier?
Which would you pre fer?
Answers on page 182

EXAM TIP
Begin by describing what yo u can see in th e phot os.
Say something about one phot o and t hen compare that
to th e other photo. After making a number of
observations, you can move on to express ing opinions.
The prompt questions wi ll usually guide you.

82 HEA LTH Smart answe r key on page 18 2

--~----~-- -

HIGHER LEVEL

Listening ~ 20 minutes Use of English

15 minutes
1 Read the instructions for exercise 4 and answer the questions.
I How many people are you going to hear? S Read the article in exercise
2 What are they going to talk about? 6 on page 84. Now decide if
3 What do yo u have to write? statements 1-6 below are
true (1') or false (F).
2 Look at the sentences with gaps in exercise 4 and this list of
words. Which words could fit into each gap in the sentences? I Cold weather is the main
Use each word only once. cause of colds. _ _
2 In the drier seasons we are
dairy products running smoke dangerous mountain
more prone to illnesses
roast chicken basketball money
like colds and flu . _ _
What part of speech is the word that best fits each gap? 3 Most people suffer from
colds, especially between
3 Write another word of your own for each gap that would fit early autumn and the
sentences 1-8. If you're working with a partner, compare your spring. _ _
lists. 4 Children suffer from colds
and flu less often than
adults . _ _
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
5 It's best not to have any
4 ~ 18 You're going to listen to a conversation in which three physical contact with the
friends talk about medical problems they have experienced. person who suffers from a
Before you listen, read through the text below. As you listen, cold . _ _
complete the text by writing one word in each gap 1-8.
6 You can't get ill from
John shaking hands with
1 He hurt his foot when he was on a _ someone with a cold .
2 His doctor told him not to _
3 When he's ill, his favourite food is _
Agneta
4 She broke her leg when she was _
5 Her father had forgotten to organise any for her.
6 She missed when she was recovering.
David
7 He thought his spots were very _
8 He's not allowed to eat any _

EXAM TIP
Read the instructions very carefully: do you need to write one or two words?
Should you write numbers? Don't expect to guess the correct answers
without listening. But do try to see what sort of word or words or numbers
will fit in each gap.

Smart answer key on page 182 HEALTH 83

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM .. 10 minutes Reading 40 minutes

6 Read the magazine article below which 7 Read these pairs of sentences. Ch oose fro m
gives yo u advice about the prevention a n d the list of words and phrases below to fill the
treatment o f colds. Fill in the gaps with the gaps and create a logical link.
best word: a, b, c, or d to form a coherent,
as a result of so because of this
logical and grammatical text.
although
Health smart 1 He seem s to be add icted to ice-cream. He's
The cold and flu season is back again, so it's get t ing very fat.
time to ' _ _ up on preventio n an d He seem s to be add icted to ice-cream .
treatment. z_ _ to popular belief, cooler _ _ _ _ , h e's gett ing ve ry fat.
weather doesn't cause co lds. What is more 2 Somebody rang whil e she was cooking . She
likely is that we stay indoors more, giving bu rnt th e di n n er.
viruses ' _ _ to spread fro m pe rson to Somebody ran g wh ile she was cooki ng
pe rson. In add it io n, the co ld m onths are _ _ _ _ she burnt t h e d in ner.
associated ' _ _ lo w humidity, an d the dr y 3 I don 't feel hungry now. I o n ly had a little
a ir m akes t he n asal cavity mor e susceptible to lunch .
bugs. Co n seq u en tl y, cases of co lds and flu _ _ _ _ J o n ly had a little lunch , I do n' t
surge between the begin n ing of autu mn a nd feel hungry now.
spring (t he s _ _ adult gets two to four 4 It's Nation al Diet Week. The town 's
respiratory infections a year; children even restaurants are losing m o ney.
more). Because the seaso n is upon us, it is a The town's restauran ts are losin g m oney
good ' _ _ to revise a few co ld and flu _ _ _ _ Nat io n al Diet Week .
tactics.
8 Read paragraphs A-I in exercise 9. Then look
To p reve n t an infecti on, the best defence is a at the statements below a n d decide if each
good offence. The first ste p is to r _ _ statement is true or false, according to the
physical co ntact wit h the co ld sufferer. When information in the paragraphs.
someone with a co ld sneezes, co ug hs o r
sniffles, ' _ _ your dis ta nce. Huggi ng , kiss ing A Th e meaning of t he wo rd ' diet' h as cha nged .
and shaking hands are sure ways to catch a
cold. B Before the di scov ery of Vita m in C, sailo rs
used to suffer more from sea sickness. _ _
1 a bri ng 5 a ave rage C Willi am th e Co nq ueror t ried losin g weig ht
b brus h b d ifferen t by stayin g in bed a nd drin kin g alco hol.
c get c o rdinary
d ta ke d same D Befor e the beginning o f m od ern food
2 a Co n t rary 6 a idea scien ce, nobo d y understood wh y so me
b Opposite b suggestion people gain ed weight while o th ers d id n 't .
c Similar c sense
d Un like d advice E For most people, eat in g a va ried di et ens u res
break weig h t loss. _ _
3 a chan ce 7 a
b chances b control F Dieti ng is a ve ry m odern pheno m en on.
c the o ppo rtu n it ies c limit
an o ppo rt un ity d lose G So me di et s help people ga in we igh t. _ _
d
H Wilbur Atwat er introduced a new
4 a fo r 8 a cover measurement for weigh t. _ _
b on b judge Modern food scien ce starte d w ith t he
c to c keep d iscovery of Vitamin C. _ _
d with d rem ember
An sw ers on page 183 EXAM TIP
Two things can help you to decide the correct order of
EXAM TIP paragraphs wit hin a text. O ne is the overall mean ing -
If you're not sure if an answer is correct, make sure that the logic of the subject. The ot her is the linking
all t he other possi ble answers are w rong. You w ill then language - t he wo rds and phr ases that tell w hat comes
know if the wo rd you've chosen is the best. before and after something else. In the exam, you need
to th ink about both these things .

84 HEALTH Smart answer key on page 183

 READING EXAM ~ 25 minutes

9 The title o f the article below is The history of dieting. Paragraphs 8-H a re in
the wrong order. Decide on the co rr ect order for the paragraphs, and write the
letter next to the number below. The first and last paragraphs are correct .
1 A 4 7
258
3 6 9

The word "d iet' or iginally meant "things tha t peo ple usually cat', bu t, th ese days, we use
the wo rd to mea n an eating patt er n o r programme designed to cha nge some thing.

e But it has take n a lon g time to fi nd o ur exactly what these arc. Sea tra vel led [0 some
increase in understa nd ing . When it became possible to bu ild ships tha t cou ld go on lon g
voyages, sailo rs sta rted to spe nd many mo nths at sea. They also starte d getti ng a stra nge
d isease called 'scurvy'. Eventually, it becam e dear that th ey neede d fru it or vegetables to
survive. Today, we know that Vita min C is the reason .

e But when d id it all start? T he re's a sto ry that in 108 7, William the Conq ue ro r, King of
England, had beco me so fat th at he co uld no longer ride his horse. H e stayed in bed an d
d ran k alcohol instead of eating fo od to try and lose weight .

Although the d iscovery helped their lives, there was much more that wasn't known.
Nobody knew, for example, why so me people got fat an d others d id n' t, o r what to do
ab o ut it .

e Now, it may o r may not have wo rked for him, but we can't really reco mm end it as an
approach fo r most people . What 's important is the kinds of food yo u eat, because d ifferen t
foods co ntai n d ifferent th ings o ur bo d ies need .

o H owever, despite all these, we usually say 'd iet' ab out losing weig ht. T his is 'cert ainly the
area where th e mo ney ge ts spe nt. And it has a long histor y.

We could be talking abo ut anyo ne o f man y di ffe ren t kinds. There are d iets fo r avo id ing
certain che micals, like salt, and th ere are d iets to increase amo unts of certa in things, like
po tassium. There are even diets to help peo ple put o n weight.

T hen, in the 189 0s, a che mist called Wilbur Arwar er bega n investiga ting ho w fo ods
co nsisted o f proteins, fats, and carbo hydra tes. He fo und tha t he co uld measure the heat
value of these by bu rn ing them and called a un it of this heatin g a "calo rie' .

o T his meas uremen t he crea ted can be seen as th e sta rt of modern foo d science and dietin g.
Since th en , kno wled ge has come q uickly - som e peo ple say to o qu ickly!

Answers on page 184

Smart answer key on page 184 HEALTH 85

Writing 60 minutes EXAM TIP
Because you are responding to a
Writing a letter from the editor
letter you have received, yo u can
(of a student magazine) use the lette r as a sou rce for you r
ideas. How ever, avoid copying th e
10 Rea d th is part of a letter written by a sch ool magazine ed it o r.
words and phrases used in the
For each gap, ch oose the correct answer : a, b, or c.
letter. Find you r own ways to
It sho uld be interesting ' _ _ othe r stude nts to read your express your ideas.
opinions. z_ _ we need to do now is to fin d out everybody else's
opin io ns . So let 's start by enco urag ing more people to write
lett ers, ' _ _ their point of view. We'll keep prin ting opinions as Speaking 45 minutes

long _ _ you keep send in g them to us. We're also s_ _ to

Picture-based discussion
arrange a kind of vot e about it. Th is will mean that th e sch ool
20 minutes
authorities are fully in formed of the situation .
1 a with 3 a giving 5 a ru nning 13 Match the sen tence
b in b h aving b going beginnings 1-6 with the
c for c placin g c makin g en d in gs a- f.
2 a What 4 a so You can avo id deve loping
b How b by tooth d iseases
c Which c as 2 Fluoride in your toothpase
3 You shou ld ch ange your
11 Rea d the instructions and the stu d en t's letter in exercise 12. toothbrush
Do yo u ag ree with h er ideas? Why? / Why not? 4 If you eat or drink a lot of
sweet things
5 Tooth decay is
WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes
6 It's a goo d idea
12 You a re the editor of a school magazine. Read the letter a every two or th ree
bel ow, w h ic h yo u h a ve received and are going to publish in months.
the m aga zine. b this might damage yo ur
teeth .
Dwc Dckool Ne.WS, c ofte n caused by sugar.
I vJ~1\1- 1-0 cOI\A.pla il\ abolA1- he.al.f1.t and cc r school . There. ttre. d if you brush your teeth at
se.ve.c,,1 proble.MS. Firs-rl~ , -l-ke. lu,ck Orwk we. 'Je.-r ,,-r sckcor is least twi ce da ily.
1-0 0 skor.f-. You C?H\ l\c* e.a.f- a prope..r M e-al il\ 15 1\l.;l\u-re..s - e to visit yo ur dentist
e.spe.ci"lI~ i+ ~ou +irs-r k"ve. -l-c quwe. +oc ~ouc +ood i, -rke. regul arly for check-ups.
c" , -re.e..! We. Iwc. -rk,,-r " kwl-rk~ die.-r is iMpoC-r",-r, bu-r kow f ma kes yo ur teeth stro nger.
~l\ uJe. e.a.f- ke..al..f-ki[lj ;+ . Hte.re.'s I\(..ve..r -riMe. +01 i.f-?
14 Co m p lete t he sentences
5e.co"'I~, we. do,'-r 'Je.-r e.'ouqk -riMe. +or e.<<.rc;se. ",d spor-r,
w ith yo ur ow n id ea s.
" '" -l-kis is, '-r 'Jood +or us , e.i-l-ke.c. The. ,,+.re.c-sckool spor-rs
clubs ,,-r ouc schoct MVe. c10se.d dow, be.cause. 0+ I"ck 0+ MO'e.~ . 1 helps yo u sta y
F;l'\tllljl I ..f-kil\k. Oaf' P.~. Ie.SSor\S should a llow ",ore. -riMe. +or qaMt. S h ealth y an d prevents you
",d scoots. ",d le.s S -riMe. +or bori,'J e.<e.ccise.s! We. would ,,11 be. from getli ng ill.
MOCe. i,-re.ce.s-rw i, 'Je.-r-ri,'J +i-r-re.c. 2 If yo u feel yo u're gett ing
Maljbe. ;1- ' S -riMe.. -l-c chal\qe.. al\d ..f-ke. school should -l-ake. SOMe.
ill, _
1

achol\. 3 , you sho uld go

Yours +"i-rk+ulI~, to the doc tor im medi at ely.
-gifa Kll-il\ 4 It's important to
_ ___ regu larly.
You d ecide that yo u will publish you r letter of response to
this letter next to it in the m aga zine. Include the foll owing:
th an ks for the letter
co mmen ts on the poi n ts made in th e letter
sugges tions abo ut wh at should be done
encouragemen t to othe r stude n ts to write lett ers.

Write 200-250 words.

86 HEALTH Smart answer key on page 184

 SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes Debate 25 minutes

15 Look at the two photos. They show images 16 Read the following words and phrases
related to dental care. One shows connected to our modern way of life. Decide
prevention, while the other shows if you think each thing is healthy or
treatment. Compare and contrast the two unhealthy. Then add your own ideas to each
photos. How are they connected? What group.
advice would you give someone about gym s fast food cycle paths
looking after their teeth? commuting to work/school by public transport
Answers on page 184 surfing the Internet living in cities
soft drinks

Healthy Unhealthy

17 Read the statement in exercise 3. Why do

you think we tend to liver longer nowadays
than our grandparents? Read the ideas below.
Write down at least five more reasons.
improved healthcare, better medicines,
more free time to concentrate on ourselves

HOW TO STUDY
The speaking exam w ill ofte n require you to talk about
different or co ntrove rsial aspects of a subject. Pre pare
for this w it h yo ur fri end s. Have discussions or arguments
v,
in Engl ish.
. ""
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

18 Read the following statement. What do

I you think? Prepare arguments to support
your opinion, then discuss the issue with
your partner, responding to their counter-
arguments, as well.

Some people believe that our modern lifestyle

is very unhealthy. However, we tend to live
longer than lOO years ago .
Answers on page 184

/ EXAM TIP
Listen carefully to w hat your speaking part ner (o r you r
'I \ exami ner) is saying, so you know what you nee d to
react to. While yo u' re listening, collect your ideas. Try to
bu ild on or respond to what yo ur partner has said.
Re member th at yo u do n't have to agree w ith your
partn er (or yo ur examiner)!

Smart answer key on page 184 HEALTH 87

Reading ~ 40 minutes
1 Read the introductory
paragraph of the interview
in exerc ise 3 . Which
sen tence SU IllS up best what
the inte rvi ew is abo ut?
a jason ta lks abou t hi s
experiences as a player for
Liverpool Fe.
b jason tells us what it is
like to be a suppo rte r of
Liverpool Fe.
c j ason informs us abo ut
t he activit ies of the
Live rpool FC fan club .
2 Read the interview in
exercise 3 qu ickly. Wri te
down what happens or
happened at each of these
times in jason's life.
a few week s after h is fift h
birthday:
2 wh en he was at sch ool:
3 at the age of twelve:
4 every yea r:
5 in 2005:
6 when he wa n ted to go to
t he FA Cup Final:
EXAM TIP
Before you start filling in the gaps,
read the text quickly to find out
what it's about. Read the text
again more carefully and identify
the main idea in each paragraph .
Then read the m issing questions
and think about what information
they're looking for. Now all you
have to do is match the topic of
each paragraphs to the question.
Remember, the re is one qu estion
you won't find an answer for.
88 SPORT
READING EXAM
3 Read the follo wing interview with jason Eva ns fro m Liverpool.
The reporter's q uestions h ave b een rem o ved . Match the
repo rte r's questi ons A-G to each paragrap h 1-6 t h a t sh o u ld
fo llow t hem . There is o ne question t hat yo u wo n 't n eed to u se.
Good times, bad times
[ason Evans, 28, has been a fan of Liverpool Football Club
sinc e he wa s five. H e told us about his expe rience s.
1
Well, it wasn' t really an automatic cho ice. There's always a lot of
tension betw een us in the family whe n the two local team s play
each othe r. My fathe r and my olde r broth er support Eve rton, but I
suppo rt Liverpool.
2
I rem emb er watching Everton play Liverpool with my dad on TV
at my uncle's house a few weeks after my fifth birthd ay. They were
both wearing their Everton team shirts - and were getting more
and more dep ressed as the game we nt on because Liverpool were
two goals up by half-time. And I just loved the wa y the Red s
played that da y. I remember jumping up and down with joy when
they sco red the first goal. Then my dad told me that I was actually
chee ring for ' the w rong tearn ' ... But I swore to myself that one da y
I wo uld become a Liverpool player myself.
3
I played in the school team for a few yea rs. I was only the reserve
goalkeepe r, so I didn't often get a cha nce to play in the compe titive
matches. But I've never played for a serio us team, no. Then, whe n I
was about twe lve , I won a sw imming competition, and I've been
concentrating more on my swimming ever since .
4
I bu y a season ticket every yea r, and I go along to all the home
ga mes . No t just the Premi ership matches, but the cup games and
friend lies, too. And whenever I can, I travel whe n we p lay away
from hom e. I read the team's website regul arl y, and occasionally
contribute to a fans' newsletter. too. Oh , and I wea r red every
Satur day, of course!
5
When we wo n the Cha mpions ' League in 2005. Tha t was amazing!
I watched the ga me on TV with my mates. Three-nil down at half
time, then we equ alised , and ende d up winn ing it all on penalties.
I was sitting on the edge of my seat all evening. And I have to
ad mit, I wa s in tears w hen the game ended . I still can' t believe it!
6
I wa s going to go wit h my friend, N ick to Card iff for the FA Cup
Fina l against West Ham. Our car broke down on the motorway and
had to be towed aw ay for repairs. I didn't man ag e to get to Cardiff,
and there wa sn 't even a TV I could watch the game on . Luckily. my
girlfriend taped the game for me, so I could see it wh en I got home
in the evening.
Smart answer key on page 184
 . . 25 minutes
A Have you eve r p layed
foot ball yourself
professionally?
B What's yo u r first mem or y
of bein g a Liverpool
su ppo rte r?
C What was your best
experien ce of being a fan ?
D How do you support your
tea m? W hat do you do in
a typical week ?
E When did yo u first go to
watch a live game at
Liverpo ol ?
F What was yo ur ma in
reason for choosin g
Liverpool FC to sup po rt?
Do yo u suppo rt the same
team as your fam ily?
G Wha t was yo ur b iggest
di sappointment?
Answers on page 184
Smart answer key on page 184
Listening 25 minutes
4 Read the instructions and the multiple-choice sta te m ents in
ex ercise 6 . W hat a re yo u go in g to h ear about? Give as m u ch
inform a tio n as p ossible.
The record ing is about _
S Two of the three state men ts a-c in each gro up 1- 3 ha ve the
sa me meani n g. Which two ?
I a All's and Laila's boxin g techniques are n ot a like.
b Ali doesn't like Laila's boxing.
c Laila do esn't bo x like All.
2 a He had won three cha m pio nsh ips by the age o f 25.
b He won the championsh ip three times before he turned 25.
c He won the first three cha m pio nsh ips wh en he was 25.
3 a It too k him less time th an anyone ex pec ted to win the
match .
b He took longer to win th e mat ch tha n everyo ne expec ted .
c He won th e match ea rlier than eve ryo ne expected.
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
6 of,19 You are going to hea r about a famous sportsp erson .
First read the statements and the possible options below.
Ch oose the best option: a, b, or c, to com p lete eac h
statem en t about the recording.
Muhammad Ali
a first beca me fam o us as a rap pe r.
b o rgan ised an ti-racist demon strations.
c won three Olympic gold med als.
d was goo d at composing poems.
2 Ali's first boxin g coac h was
a a po licema n in his ho me town .
b the Louisville Club owner.
c a te levision repo rter.
d a forme r thief.
3 All's career as an amateu r boxer
a lasted nearl y 18 yea rs.
b en de d whe n h e was 18.
c brought h im on ly a few mat ch victories.
d didn't bring him po pularity.
4 In the 60s, Ali
a served in the American ar my.
b spent five years in prison.
c lost his champion's title.
d refused to fight in cha mpionships.
5 In retirem ent, Muhammad Ali
a sto pped taking part in public activ ities.
b sup ported his da ughter's boxin g career.
c wrote for sports magazin es.
d was still very popular.
Answers o n page 185
SPORT 89
 EXAM TIP Writing . . 110 minutes

W hen you are listening for the first tim e, read the mul tip le-choice statem ents
Writing an email
and mark the answe rs. The statements appear in the same order as the
. . 35 minutes
information about them in the recording. If you don't know the answer to an
item , don 't stop there, continue listening and m arking your answ ers. You'll
9 Rewrit e these sen tences to
have tim e to look at the unsolved item s w hen you're listening for the second
cha nge th em from a ctive to
tim e. If you really don't know the answer after the second listening, mark any
answ er. Don 't leave any item s w ithout an answ er.
passi ve.
Almost eve ry boy in m y
region plays basket ball.
Use of English ~ 20 minutes

7 Which o f the a lte rna t ives is co rrec t in the following sentences?

2 Everyone ad m ires
Ch oose t he right ve rb .
O lym pic cha m pio ns.
1 Millions of peop le watch / vie w th e Olym p ic Games o n TV.
2 Ath letes fro m all aroun d the wo rld are go ing to co m pe te /
op p ose fo r the ch ampionship. 3 Our co untry wo n a total
3 The win ne r is th e tea m wh ich won / sco red mo re goa ls th an o f te n m edals in the last
their oppo ne n ts. Olym pic Ga me s.
4 I know a good sports cen tre whe re we ca n d o / p la y te n nis for
free.
5 jayn e d oes / exercises yoga every Th ursday eve n ing . 4 I'm afraid fewer yo ung
6 In field hockey, players use a stic k to hit / score th e ball in to peopl e will play spo rt in
th e goa l. th e fut ure.
7 Ellen MacArthur h as sailed / driven arou nd th e wo rld in h er
bo at.
8 Go lf pl a ys / is pl a yed o n a golf course. 5 Ove r 20 m illion people
wa tc hed t h e league
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes cham pions h ip fin al.

8 The following sentences about the modern Olympic Games

have be en jumbled up. Put the words in each sentence in the
co rrect order. 10 Ca n yo u fi n d a n d co rr ect
t he six mistakes in th is
Ath en s / held / Olympic Ga mes / Th e / first / in / modern /
email a bou t sport?
were / 1896. / in
2
3
gold / winner / wins / each / of / a / com petition / The / medal.
win n ers / played . / their / When / m edal, / th eir / the /
.. '"
n ati onal / receive / an t he m / is
4 also / 1924 . / years / been / Winter Olym pics / every / h as / a / ill
Th ere's nobody inthe world as
four / since / Th ere
mad on sport than my sister.
5 o n ly / co m pe te / Before / th e / amateurs / could / in /
She wakes up talking about it,
Olympic Ga mes . / 1988
and plays it all seco nd she car
6 wat ched / peopl e / Ove r / th e / television. / Syd ney Olympics /
ofthe day. Ithink she dreams
3.5 / billi on / o n
about it at night. Her bedroom
7 in / thousand / Mo re / t ha n / 2004 / com petitors / to ok /
walls is covered in posters of
eleven / part / in / Sum mer Olym pics. / the / Syd ney
famous sportspeople. All her
8 t he / Th e / large / it / of / w ho / take / Olympics. / makes /
friends are just same. I'm total
n umber / d ifficult / expensive / pa rt / for / h ost / to / people /
different. I can take it or leave
cities / o rga n ise / and
it. Iwatch a game of football
Answers on page 185
occasionally, but only if there
isn't the good film on.
LANGUAGE TIP
English has a very clear sentence st ructure. The order of t he wo rds is different
in statem ents and questions. In t his task, decide if th e item s are statem ents or
q uestions. Check if there are any oth er clues abo ut w hat type of sentence it
might be (conditional? passive? relative clause?). Find the subject and the
verb first. If you can w ork out the m eaning of the sentence from t he
individu al wo rds, it wilt be easier for you to reconstruct it.

90 SPORT Smart answer key on page 18 5

 WRITING EXAM ~ 20 minutes
11 You see this announcement in an Internet
forum:
International
survey
Calling sports lovers everywhere!
We want to get a picture of sport around
the world.
Send us a message, telling us about:
what sports are played in your region
which ones are the most popu lar
the differences between older and younger
people's interest in sports.
Write yo ur m essage in 40-50 words.
Answers on p ag e 185
EXA M TIP
Make sure you show the examiners how mu ch English
you know. For example, look at the first point required:
'w hat spo rts a re played in your region ', Now, if you just
w rite a list of th e names of spo rts, you' re not go ing to
be showing the examiners very much English. It's beller
to take the opportu nity to present you r ideas more
interestingly: 'Awide variety of sports are played in my
region, from football to ice hockey. We play different
sports at different times of year, so we go skiing in
w inter and swimming in the summer.'
Writing an informal letter ~ 75 minutes
12 Read th ese sentences ex p ressing opinions
about sport. Can yo u com p lete them by
writing one wo rd in each ga p?
1 I th in k spo rt is goo d _ _ you.
2 In my o pin ion, eve ryone sh ould do _ _
least o ne sport.
3 If yo u want to kn ow _ _ I think, spo rt is
boring.
4 I'm just not int erested _ _ spo rt.
5 I don't like swea t, dirt _ _ rain - and spo rt
seems to include all three.
6 After a da y in a n airles s classroom, I just
ca n't wait _ _ play som e sport.
Smart answ er key on pag e 185
13 Match these parts of sentence s.
1 If you do n 't keep fit,
2 Team sports h elp people to develop a good
attitude
3 You need to understand th at you ca n
achieve mo re
4 Sport makes people
5 Keeping you r body he althy
6 Doing spor t is a ve ry soc iable a nd en joyable
A to th e people they work o r study wit h.
B helps your mind to be clearer.
C as part of a team th an as an individual.
D you'll en d up in hospital.
E way to look after yo u rself.
F behave in a less selfish way.
WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes
14 Write a letter (ab ou t 200 words) to yo ur
penfriend . Tell him or her a bou t yo ur
personal ex p erienc es of sp orts. Include the
foll owing information:
w h ich spo rts yo u have played
wha t yo ur at titude is to sport
how you think sport can help peopl e in
th ei r lives.
Answers on page 185
EXAM TIP
If you're not really int erested in th e Writing exam
questions, don't wo rry ! Look at the th ree points yo u are
required to w rite abo ut: all three are possible to answer,
even ifyou hate sport. On the other hand, ifyou love
sport, be a little careful! Don't let your enthusiasm mean
that you write too much and forget to check for
mistakes!
Speaking ~ 45 minutes
Situational role-play ~ 25 minutes
15 Read the ins t ructions for exercise 17 on p age
92 carefully. Loo k at t hese sentences that
so meone is as ki ng t heir partner. Ca n yOll put
t he words into the correct o rder?
Are / more / o r / you / p layin g / interested /
in / spo rts / wat ching / ?
2 Wh y / in teresting / do / find / more / you /
that / ?
3 Do / curren tly / of / you / kind / or / spor t /
play / watch / some / ?
4 What / it / is / about / you / t hat / like /
spor t / that / ?
S How / h ave / yo u / ti me / for / mu ch / do /
a / ava ilable / sport / new / '!
SPO RT 91
16 Match these parts of 19 Rea d these sentences tha t some st udents sa id a bout t he two
suggestions. For each p hotos. Ch oose fro m t he wo rds below to fill t he ga ps .
beginning 1-5, two endings,
soon long ve ry together be tte r just
A-D, are possible.
I If I were yo u, I'd 1 I think they've _ _ won a race, probabl y a relay.
2 Hav e you co nsidered 2 Mayb e she's go ing to be in a co m pe t ition _ _ .
? 3 I im agine they've become ve ry good friends by do ing spo rt
3 W hy don't yo u ?
4 I t h ink yo u shou ld 4 J think she mu st be _ _ det ermined to succeed .
5 Hav e you thou ght abo ut 5 I expect that t he ir team sp irit ha s h elp ed them to perform
?
6 You mi ght en joy 6 I'd like to kno w how _ _ she's been interested in her sport.
A take up badminton
B playing tennis o r sq uash SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
C tr y so me kind of at h let ics
D watchi ng su mo wrestl ing 20 Look at the two photos. One sh o ws somebody practising
for a sport. The other shows a group celebrating a result.
Co m p a re and contrast the two pi ctures. Co n side r the
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minute s fo llowing:
17 You have agreed to advise playing or winni ng indoo rs or outdoors
your partner about the best practisin g o r watching so lo o r team effor t .
sport for him or her to play men and women
or watch . Answers on page 186

Find o u t whet he r yo ur
EXAM TIP
pa rt n er is more in terested
in p layin g or watch in g Talking ab out photos effectively usually involves using a range of verb
spo rts . tenses. To describe a photo in a clear and simple way, the Present Simple
and Continuous tenses are usually suitable. Then you may want to
Find o ut what spo rts your
imagine t he past or futur e in relation to the photos. What happened
partner already plays or
before the photo was taken? What's going to happen later?
wa tc hes.
Discu ss h ow much time
yo ur partner has ava ilable.
Recommend a spo rt to yo ur
partner, giving reasons.
Answers o n page 186

Picture-based discussion
. . 20 minutes

18 Read thes e se ntences that

stu de n ts sa id a bout the two
p hotos. Deci de if t hey a re
correct or incorrect. W here
there is a mistake, can yo u
co rrect it?
Sh e's dr essin g a bla ck belt, so
she m u st be reall y we ll.
2 All fou r o f t he m h ave abou t
the same age .
3 I wonder if she likes the
exe rcise or the fighting m ore.
4 You can see that they 're rea lly
pleased of themselves.
5 Perh aps a jo urn ali st fro m a
n ewspaper is taking the photo
o f them .

92 SPORT Smart answer key on page 186

Reading 35 minutes
1 Read th e article in exercise
3 q u ic k ly, and d ecide
wh ich of the following
sentences b est describes
w hat it 's about.
1 Over weight ch ild ren
watch television more
ofte n.
2 Ch ildren watch less
television if they ha ve to
work for it.
3 Ch ildren like to com bin e
watching televis ion wit h
physical exercise.
2 Read se n ten ces 1-6 in
ex erc ise 3. Then underline
those parts of the a rticl e
th at ea ch se n ten ce re fers to.
Example:
1 The flew invention is II
television set com bined with
a bicycle.
In the text, yo u find :
'A television set that will
on ly work if ch ild ren
ped al an exe rcise bicycle
to provide th e electr icity
h as been invented by
research ers [...1at a New
York hospital.'
HOW TO STUDY
We often use 'skimming' (readi ng
qui ckly without t rying to
understand every detail) in
everyday life, for example w hen
we skim through a new spaper
art icle to check if it wo uld be of
any interest to us. We only focus
on key wo rds and phrases to get a
general idea of w hat t he text is
abou t. Practise t his as ofte n as
possible.
Smart answer key on page 186
READING EXAM ~ 20 minutes
3 Read the article about a new invention carefully and then
decide which of sentences 1-8 are true (T), which a re false
(F), according to the text.
pE1)1\L p~WE1\ T\'
TO UPROOT COUCH POTATO
A television set that w ill only w ork if children pedal an exercise
bicycle t o provid e t he elec t rici ty has been invented by
researcher s examining w eight problems at a New York hospital.
Experiments involving overwe ight children aged betw een
eight and twe lve showe d that tho se w ho had to pedal w hen they
wa nted to watc h their favourite programmes not only watc hed
far less television, but also recorded impressive loss of fat.
The 'co uch potato TV' was developed by researc hers at St
Luke's Roosevelt Hospital as a result of growi ng conce rn over
we ight problems among an increa sing number of Ameri can
children. David Allison, w ho headed th e research, said: 'I am not
naive enough to thin k we' re going to solve the wo rld's we ight
problems w it h TVs hooked to bicycles. But there are other things
we could do that are only limited by our imagination.'
Mr Alli son once proposed that people should be charged to
travel in lift s in an effort to encourage them to use t he stairs. He
said that 13% of Ameri can children we re considered seriously
overw eight, and that th e number w as growing . Duri ng the tests
children w ho had the 'c ouch potat o TV sets' w atc hed on average
one hour of television a we ek, w hile children in a second
'c ontrol' group w atc hed more th an twe nty hours.
1 The new in vention is a television set co m bined with a
bi cycle. T / F
2 Th e aim of the expe rime n t was to m easur e h ow mu ch
electr icity we can gen erat e th rough exe rcise. T / F
3 Mr Allison says wat ching te levision limi ts ch ildre n 's
imagin ation . T I F
4 Mr Allison tri ed to discourage peopl e from usin g lifts. T / F
5 Th e in ven tion has redu ced th e number of ove rwe ight
ch ildre n in the USA by 13% . T / F
6 All the ch ild ren in th e experi me n t watc hed television for
twe n ty hours. T / F
Answers on page 186
EXAM TIP
Start w it h skimming through the text to get a general idea. Ignore the wo rds
yo u don't know. Then fin d those parts of the text t hat contain the
information you need to do the task. Finally, decide whether a sentence is
tru e or false only after yo u have read t he relevant part of the text carefully. If
t here is no inf orma tion that co nfirms if a sentence is tr ue or not, mark false.
SPORT 93
Listening 45 minutes
4 Answer the questions.
Wh at th ings do you th in k a re important for
do ing well at a sport?
Wh at th ings do you th in k are particularl y
important for cycle racin g?
5 He re a re so me things students sa id a bo ut
sp ort a n d exerc ise. Match the beginnings of
the sentences 1-5 with the endings a-e.
I To be good at a sport, you must
2 It's important that you have all
3 Without follow ing a suitable diet, you
4 If you look at success fu l spo rts people, you 'll
5 You need to have a good trainer to
a have a high level of p hys ical fitn ess.
b won't develop yo ur full poten tial.
c help yo u bri ng out the best of your ability.
d see that they're extreme ly am bitious.
e the co rrec t equipme n t.
6 Look at these sentences giving a d vice. Which
two se n tences do you think give the advice
less strongly than the others?
A It's important that you do mor e exe rcise
than yo u do at th e moment.
B I th in k you co uld do more exe rcise than you
do at th e moment.
C You really mu st do mor e exe rcise than you
do at th e moment.
D You sho uld do mor e exercise than you do at
the mom ent.
E You need to do more exe rcise than you do at
the moment .
F Make sure you do more exe rcise than yo u do
at the moment.
HOW TO STUDY
To practise you r note-taking skills, yo u can listen to
recordings from you r Engl ish books before yo u do the
exercise that goes w ith them . Instead, m ake your own
notes as you listen and write down what you think the
main points are.
94 SPORT
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
7 ~ 20 YOu are going to hear a sports trainer
talking to a group of cy cl ists about
different aspects of training. Before you
listen, read through the notes below, and
think carefully about the kinds of words
that yo u will need to write in the spaces.
Clrcle tmi...i"'3
ckoiu of b ;~e is tke -Firs t tki"'3
I Mvi"'3 tke ri~kt protects lr""
2. -..eel! to develop ~ s"'i t~ble _
3 ...",st Mve to develop
per-For~...ce
4- e.CA.Y..,." kow to w.o..e.- -)tot
t r CA. i-ni1'tC1
5 i-F 1\0'" do...'t well ,
per~on. . e -ace wil decrease
b t")r to st~lr ~ t ~ll ti...es
Answ ers on pag e 186
EXAM TIP
Remember, the words used to express the same
m eaning in th e task and in the recordin g ma y be
different. Listen for the ideas, not for the exact w ords.
Use of English 40 minutes
8 Ch oose the correct alternati ve to co m p lete
each sen ten ce. Co nsider both the grammar
and the meaning of each option.
Using illegal substances to enhance your
performance is usually harm / harmful for
yo ur body.
2 New measu res have been introduced to
facility / fa cilitate the post-competition
testing of athletes before they leave the
ven ue.
3 New laboratory tests that help identify /
id entification the substances used qu ickly
an d defi nitively a re deve loped a ll the time.
4 Ath letes m ust understand tha t these tests are
important / importance for th e fairness of
th e co mpet ition, rather tha n a n ecess ary /
an unneces sary intrusion in to their lives.
5 Some believe that the fact that the fate o f an
Olympi c titl e may n ow o n ly be d ecided /
decisive in the testing lab rather tha n in the
stadium ha s h ad a negative impact on the
prestige / prestigious of th e ga mes.
6 People who agree / di sagree with th e
introducti on of post-competition testing put
en terta in me nt before the health of ath letes
and before fair play.
Smart answer key on page 18 6
 9 How many different words can you form using the prompts Writing 80 minutes
from exercise 11?
Writing an
vcrbs nouns adjectivcs adverbs argumentative essay
useful 12 Read the statement in
useless exercise 14. Makc some
necessary notes under these hcadings:
unnecessary

refuse
offend
qualify Defj."ifio"" 0-1' spori '
disqualify
suffice
co m pe te
specta cle

10 Which words from exercise 9 have a negative form as well?

Add these to the table. How do you make a negative form ?
Exam p les:
useful > useless
necessary > unn ecessary
qualify > di squalify

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes

11 Read the extract from an article about doping in sport. Fill

13 Read the ideas below.
each gap with a word formed from the prompts givcn in Decide which hcadings in
brackets. exercise 12 thcy bclong
under,
No dope, no hope?
too co m petit ive
The ' _ _ (USEFUL) by sportsme n of an y forbidd en
h elps yo u co nce n trate on
pharm aceutical subs ta nces o r method s co nsidere d as doping
studying
z_ _ (NECESSARY) d isciplina ry action. Accord ing to the
enc ouragcs tea m build ing
regu latio ns of the sports fed erati ons, th e 3 _ _ (REFUSE) to ta ke
o rgan ised phy sical activ ity
a n an ti-dopi ng test sho u ld be regard ed as a positi ve result of
in co m petition
suc h a test. Doping _ _ (OFFEN D), if rep eated , may eve n
keeps yo u fi t
bring a lifetime s_ _ (QUALIFY).
creates co n flict
But man y believe th at th e warning is "_ _ (SUFFICE). The lu st makes peop le who don't
for success and the desire to ach ieve bett er result s th an one 's like it feel exclude d
' _ _ (COMPETE) mean s tha t o ne forgets th e co nseq ue nces of makes peopl e feel proud
bein g found out. It is not on ly a race for ' _ _ (SPECTACLE)
results; it is also a race to find new method s of stay ing one step If yo u ' re working with a
ahea d of the scien tists working in the an ti-do ping lab orator ies. partner, di scuss your ideas
about the notes in exercises
Answen on page 187 12 and 13 . Ex p la in your
reasons.
EXAM TIP
Read t he text first to und erstand what it's about. Then decide what type of
wo rd is mi ssing from each sentence ( is it a verb, a noun , etc.? is it positive o r
negative?). Practise various ways of forming new words.

Sma rt answ er key on page 18 7 SPORT 95

 WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes
14 Write an essay (200-250 words) for or
against the following sta tem en t:
Physical Educatio n should on ly be an
optio na l sub ject at school becau se not
everyone's equa lly good at sports.
Answers on page 187
EXAM TIP
The examiners expect to see w hat yo u know of English
in the 2 00 wo rds or so that yo u w rite in the W riting
exam. Make sure yo u show them w hat yo u can do!
When you practise writing tasks, get into the habit of
checking that you are using a wid e range of langua ge
(grammar and vocabulary).
When you finish your first draft, read it through, and
check for: numb er of adjectives and adverbs used,
active /passive structures, different verb tenses,
cond itional structures, mixture of sim ple and complex
sentences, ete. Don't forget to check also that yo u've
used these correc tly.
16 Read what a student has sa id about the two
photos and her own feelings about sport.
Ca n you find and correct the six mistakes
she's made?
To be h onestly, I don't really en joy looking at
these images! Isn't sport someth ing that
interests me much. I mean , of course I can see
that lots of people like it . Some peopl e are
com plete ly obsessed of it - my brother, for
exa mple. I think the problem for me is th at I
was bad at sport whe n I started sch oo l, and the
sports teacher mad e it ve ry clea rly that this was
true ! So we n ever really h ad a close
conv ersation suc h the one h ere, becau se I was
ne ver in the team . Sport always makes me feel
left away of th ings, not as goo d as ot her peopl e.
HOW TO STUDY
It's very com mon to find photos in magazines that are
connected in some way. W hen yo u come across them,
either im m ediately say some things to compare and
contrast them, or keep them to practise on later.

Speaking 45 minutes SPEAKING EXAM ... 10 minutes

Picture-based discussion 25 minutes 17 Look at the two photos. One shows a sports
team talking together. The other shows
15 Read t hese sentences that students said about sportspeople competing in a n individual
the two photos. Ca n you think of words that sport. Com pare a n d con t ra st th e pictures.
might fit in the spaces? When yo u have Which one relates more closel y to you r
considered yo ur own ideas, choose words own id ea of sp o rt?
fro m the list underneath.
Answers on page 187
1 Altho ugh I ad mi re people who ca n com pe te
o n th eir ow n like this, I th ink it wo uld make
me very _ _ .
2 I kn ow from m y own expe rience tha t the re's
n o better _ _ than bein g part of a team
th at 's on its way to victo ry.
3 You see, in this picture, the coach has to
encou rage the players, bu t each swim me r in
the other picture has to be _ _ from in side.
4 I've n ever liked th e idea of tea m games , but I
do think doing exe rcise in this sort of _ _
way is ap pea ling.
5 Sport, as far as I'm conce rne d is basically a
_ _ act ivity, so I'm mu ch mor e att racted to
th is picture.
social motivated feelin g nervou s
in depen dent

96 SPORT Smart answer key on page 187

 Debate 20 m inutes

18 Read the fo llow in g words and

ideas about extreme spo rts. Put
them into two groups: for and
against.
risk adren aline rush
danger is exc iting
cha llengi ng your body
sense of ach ievement
doing some th ing dif ferent
accide n ts fun
you n eed reliabl e eq uip ment

Fo r

Aga inst

Add som e ideas of your own,

as well.

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

19 Read the following

sta te m ent. What d o you
think? Prepare arguments to
support your opinion.
Discuss the issue with yo ur
partner a n d respond to their
cou n ter-a rgu men ts.

Extreme sports are da ngerous,

but they are becoming more
and mo re popular wit h
teenagers. Extreme spo rts
should be banned .
Answers on page 188

EXAM TIP
In this task, it's possible that you don 't
have any strong opinions about the
subject you are given. In this case, just
choose w hichever side you have better
arguments for. The exam iner is
interested in finding out about your
com munication skills, yo u are not
tested on what your views are.

Smart answe r key on page 187 SPORT 97

Reading
1 Read through the a rticle in exercise 3 q uickly. Ignore t he ga ps.
Try to summarise in a sentence what each paragraph 1-4 is
about.
2 Read the following extract carefu lly, a nd decide which
sentence a-c fits logically in t h e gap.
The United Kingdom is the country with the biggest number of
daily papers in Europe. Over 60% of all t itles are
tabloids.
a That's why the tabloids are so popu lar there.
b One in two Britons buys a newspaper every morni ng.
c That means an enormous n umber of trees are cut down .
READING EXAM
3 Read the article abou t the British p re ss. Seven extract s h a v e b een remov ed fro m
the text. Put an extract from A-H in t he correct gap 1- 7 to co mplete t h e text .
There is one ext ract you're not go ing to need.
(1) Newspapers ha ve existed in Britain since
1621. But for over 300 yea rs they were w ritten
and rea d by only a tin y m inor ity. ' The
Daily Ma il, w h ich is still running today, was the
mother of the m odern ta bloid, a nd the
beg inn ing of a whole new su bcult ure in th e
British press. Today more th an tw ice as man y
tab loids are so ld th an the so-called 'qua lity
p ress' titl es such as The Times or The Guardian.
(2) Origina lly, th e word tabloid referred to
th e size and forma t. ' Bu t today, for
most people, the word tabl oid has nothin g to d o
with sha pe and size. What ma kes a tabloid a
tab loid is content, an d above all, style. The
tab loids follow a spec ial formula: they rep or t the
news, sure, but on ly cer tai n kinds. J _ journalistic standards, consume tabl oid s like
Scandals, m urders and d isasters all are
described in detail, but the de tails of political
and economic life jus t do n' t appear. Tab loids
dedica te most of their pages to stories abou t
celeb rities. ' However, the tab loids
a re not simply an ir ritation for celebrities; they
a re also a vehi cle for self-p romotion, a m eans of
gaining popul ari ty.
98 FREE TIME A ND CULTURE
30 minutes
EXAM TIP
Skimming (reading quickly
without looking at specificdeta ils)
through the text will give you a
gene ral idea of what the text is
about and how it is structured (in
othe r words, you will have a good
idea of what the individual parts
of the text are about). This will
help you match the sentences to
the right gaps.
(3) Th ou gh they have millions of devoted
read ers, tab loids are also widely criticised in
Britain . They are accused of being sensationalist,
h yp ocritical, in b ad taste, an d of having no
et hical standards in their reporting methods.
s Th eir 'research' metho ds are totall y
uneth ical. They w ill tap people's p hones, follow
them on holiday, and even break into their
houses in order to ge t a sto ry. As a
consequence of th is attitude, many peop le
beli eve th at it was the tab loid s, and the
papar azzi, w hich caused the tragic dea th of
Pri ncess Dian a.
(4) So why on earth does Britai n, w hich h as
access to the best press agencies and the highest
chocolate? r Tabloids a re not actua lly
about news at all; tab loids a re just about gossip.
And we all know that w hen it comes to gossip,
wha t matters is not w hat is true or what is kind,
but what is en tertaining and w hat is funny. The
more in bad taste a story is, the funnier it seems.
A nd bad taste is what the British tabloid s have
m ad e in to an a rt.
Smart answer key on page 188
Listening 35 minutes S Write answers to the questions in exercise 4.
Practise saying them a lou d . (You could
4 Can you write one word in each gap to record yourself doing this, and then listen to
complete these questions? yo urself.)
1 Wh at's last film you saw? 6 Read these pairs of sentences carefully.
2 Was it at th e cine ma , was it o n TV Decide if they have the same or different
or DVD? meanings.
3Why d id yo u choose see it?
1 A The weat her was bad in the morning, bu t
4W ho did yo u see it ?
then it turned out nic e.
5What d id you th ink was goo d it?
B The day began with bad wea th er bu t it
6Was there yo u didn 't like?
got bet ter.
7Wh o was it di rected ?
8Who played main par t? 2 A 1 really want somethi ng to eat.
9Have yo u seen those acto rs in _ B I'm feeling very hungry.
film s? 3 A I th in k my grandfather's sto ries are more
10 Did it a lot of special effects? interestin g than hi stor y books.
B I prefer learn ing abo ut h istor y from
proper boo ks to listening to my
gran d fathe r's sto ries.
. . 20 minutes 4 A I wonde r if m y bro ther will go to the
con cert.
A Wh en criticised for their actions, the
B I expec t m y brother will wa nt to go to th e
tabloids sta te that th e public has a right to
concert.
know abo ut an ything and everything, but
celebrities ha ve no rights to privacy at all.
B You won't find anything on changes in the LISTENING EXAM ~ 15 minutes

stock market, but you can be sure to read if

th e prime minister's wife has a lover.
C Tabloid papers were smaller and handier
th an normal newspapers, known as
b road sh eets.
D Maybe the reason is that we have en ough
n ews on the television, the radio and in th e
quality newspapers.
E But the co n te n t is on ly half the sto ry. Th e
real key to th e tabloid newspaper is the style.
F Whe n, in 1896, a new newspap er was
produced in large numbers and at suc h low
pri ces th at ordinary people could bu y it on
eve ry street corner, it was an instant success.
G An d it's enough to take a quick glance
throu gh a tabloid to see that many of th ese
acc usa tions are justified.
H Thi s involves phot ographing them in
emba rrass ing situations, gossiping abou t
th eir pri vat e lives and generall y making
th em look a bit silly.
7 " 21You will hear three frie n d s talking
a bo ut a film they went to see. Before yo u
listen, read through the list of sta temen ts
below. As you listen, de cide whether eac h
sta tem en t is true (T) or fa lse (F).
Anna was lookin g forward to seeing the
film . T / F
2 Maria felt hungry during the film. T / F
3 David thinks the film was very long. T / F
4 Maria says the story was very interesting.
T /F
5 Anna thinks the book is more interesting
than the film. T / F
6 David is going to buy the film on DVD as
a present for his sister. T / F
An swers on page 188
EXAM TIP
Be careful w hen doing listening tasks in the exam. Don't
just match a qu estion to someth ing in the record ing
because a w ord is the same. Think carefully about the
meaning of the words and sentences you hear.

. - Answers on page 188

Smart answe r key on page 188 FREE TIME AND CU LTURE 99

Use of English ... 25 minutes EXAM TIP
First fill in the gaps that you are
8 Read the text in exercise 9 and a ns w er the questions. Don't fill
certain abo ut. M ark each w ord or
in a ny gaps ye t .
phrase t hat you have used. Then
I Wh at typ e o f film is City of Angels? fo r each rem aining gap, try to rule
2 Wh o are th e m ain acto rs in th e film ? What are the names o f out the wo rds or phra ses that are
th eir characters? definitely wrong. This will reduce
3 What's Set h 's responsibility in Los An geles? the number of options to choose
4 What h appen s between the two main ch aracte rs? from.
S What ch oice does Set h face?
6 Is there any aspec t of the film that the reviewer is not so Writing . . 90 minutes
impressed wit h?
7 Wh y does the reviewer cons ider the photograph y effect ive? Writing an email
8 Wh o does the reviewer recommend th e film to? . . 25 minutes

10 Ca n you find a n d correct

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes the eigh t mistakes in this
te xt?
9 Read this film review and fill in the eight gaps with the best
word or phrase from A-I below. Use each word or phrase Th ere's wonderful sta tue in
only o n ce . Th ere is one word or phrase that you will not City Park, wh ich is on ly few
need to use. m in u tes' wa lk fro m wh ere I
live. It's ab solutely fascin ated.
It 's fro m George Frin, a local
scu lptor. It loo k likes Henry
Moore ma de it. I don 't know
very much about it, exce pt
Directed by Brad Silbe rling and photographed by Joh n Seale. that it were put in the park
City of Angels fa lls into t he category of rom ant ic fantasy. The whe n I wa s still in a
story is set in Los Angeles and t he two prot agonist s are Seth, pus hc hair. Thes e da ys, I love
' _ _ by the excelle nt Nico las Cage, and Magg ie - the go there with my book, an d
st unning Meg Ryan. t h en J sitti ng n ext to it and
Seth, ' _ _ with all the other black- cloaked ange ls who
read an d look up at it an d
w at ch over the city of Los Angeles, is charged with escorting t he
sm ile.
spirits of t he dyi ng t o Heaven and helping t he living cope with
their daily problems. We meet the angeis in the library w here 11 Write in t he co m p ara tive
t hey eavesdrop on the t ho ughts of readers. Seth fa lls in love and su p erla tive forms of
with the sensit ive doctor, Maggie, and must choose between his these words and phrases:
immortality w ithout ' _ _ the pain or t he j oy of physical
l aid
existe nce and the option of becoming human .
' _ _ I particula rly li ked about t his f ilm was the excellent
2 impor tan t
performance of t he actors . ' _ _ the dialogues between t he
3 frequ ently visited
charact ers might seem simplistic, t he emotions seen on the 4 well kn own
act ors' faces tel l us more than anything they might say. ' _ _ , S beaut ifu l
the photog rap hy in the f ilm is very im pressive. Each close-up 6 popular
shot seems to be steeped in meani ng and I am positive that 7 arch itecturally sign ifican t
' _ _ scenes will evoke deep emot ions in every sensitive viewer. 8 photographed
I have seen City of Angels several ti mes myself and I can 9 writ te n abo ut
st rongly recomme nd it to anyone w ho likes watch ing good and
engrossing fi lms. ' _ _ is defin itely worth t heir t ime . The
ending is totally unexpected and will leave you speechless for a
long time after the credits have f inished rolling.

A This one F What

B performed G either
C What is more H Althou gh
D ce rtain I played
E alo ng
Answers on page 189

lOO FREE TIME AND CULTU RE Smart answer key on page 188
 HOW TO STUDY
There are ma ny things that you could have a favourite
one of - think about sports, musicians, places, and so
on. You can make a kind of game of it with your friends.
One of you says a category, and everyone says the ir
favourite, giving reason s.
WRITING EXAM: EMAIL MESSAGE
~ 15 minutes
12 You receive this email fro m a penfriend :
l ri'
-G ------
e
...
In our school project, we' re try ing
to find out what the best loved
work of art in the wo rld is. Can you
help us? What's your favourite
work of art? (It could be any
picture, statue, building, ate]. Wh at
do you know about its history?
W hy do you like it so much?
---
15 Read the in structions for exercise t6 . Loo k at
these sentences taken from a st u de n t's letter
a bo u t a co ncert they wen t to . Ca n YQU put
the se n tences in to the correct o rde r, so th at
they fo llow the required poi nts in the
In struct ions? Th ree of the se ntences a ll relate
to the same po in t.
a SQ we all went along to see June Tabor, the
legendary folk singer. b I t ho ug h t it was grea t
th at I cou ld finally see her live, not just h ear
recordings. c I'd listened to h er so ngs m any
times, because my brother's always playi ng
th em. d Th e on ly problem was that I h ad a bad
seat , and could n 't see very well. e It wasn't
reall y m y choice, but th ey'd bo ug ht ticke ts for a
co n cert. f My older brother and tWQ of hi s
friends in vited me to go ou t wit h t hem one
eveni ng . 9 She's got real ene rgy an d passion,
an d YQU can feel it whe n she performs,
1_ _ 2 __ 3 _ _ 4 __
5 __ 6 __ 7 __
WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes

Writ e yo u r reply to yo u r penfriend in 16 You recently attended a performance

about 50 words. (music, theatre, dance, etc). Write a letter
An swe rs o n pag e 189
in 120-150 words to tell your p enfriend
about it. Include t h e following:
Writing an informal letter ~ 65 minutes who you wen t wit h
wha t eve nt yo u we nt to
13 Pu t the underlined words in to the co rrect why you chose t hi s event
order to m ake se ntences fro m the beginni n g what YQU liked about it
of a letter to a frie n d. what YQU didn't like about it.
I It from was goo d yo u h ear really to . An sw ers o n pa ge 18 9
2 I en joy your hearin g news always .
3 I' m glad in long m anaged for stay we've so EXAM TIP
to to uc h. The beginnings and endings of man y lett ers are always
4 Tha n k yo u much very the en closed photos very similar. Practise w riting the familiar parts, so that
for. you don't w aste time thinking too hard about these
5 Sorry busy I bee n but soon er reply I've so sections of the letter in the writing exam. You can find
didn 't . useful tips for writing an informal lett er in the Writing
Bank on page 132.
14 Pu t the underlined words into the correct
order to ma ke sentences fro m th e en d section
of a letter to a fr iend.
I'd sto p to better get m y back and
h omework.
2 Please soo n aga in writ e.
3 I co me an d h op e me you can one day visit.
4 Please your parents to my regards give.
5 Looking in tQ YQU later forward the su m mer
seein g.

Smart answ er key on page 18 9 FREE TIME AND CULTU RE 101

Speaking .... 60 minutes
Situational role-play ~ 3 5 m inutes
17 Read the instructions fo r exercise 19
carefu lly. Then look at this jumbled d ialogue:
two students a re performing the task. Ca n
you put the di alogue into the correct order?
_ _ Well, then I'd say the tennis an d the
ga mes are n't any good .
_ _ Yes, that seems a good way to do it .
_ _ We co uld say first the ones we think we
sh ou ld definitely n ot choose.
__ OK, we need to di scu ss these. Where sh all
we start?
_ _ You mea n because yo u can pla y tennis
anyw here?
_ _ Oh, wh y's that ?
_ _ And I ag ree wi th yo u.
_ _ Yes, I do, exactly that.
_ _ They're n ot spec ial, I m ean, they' re not
typical of our to wn, are they?
18 Here is a n ot her part of the same dialogue.
Can yo u p u t these lines into the correct
order, too?
_ _ O r the lovely rain.
_ _ Do yo u think they'll find it interesting?
_ _ Well, they wo u ldn't be able to en joy fresh
air at the same time, wo uld they?
_ _ Now, the first one wh ich we should
defi n ite ly orga n ise is th e guide d tour.
_ _ Don't be pessimistic. Anyway, what else?
_ _ But they could learn about th at in the
mu seum.
_ _ Yes, becau se they'll learn abo ut our
hi story.
_ _ That's a good idea - with local spec ialities .
_ _ They'll be hun gry afte r all that walkin g,
so the restaurant.
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
19 You a n d your partner have been asked to
organise activities for a group of foreign
visitors to yo ur town. Discuss these
possibilities , and choose which three to
organise fo r the visitors.
tennis com petit ion
guide d to ur of hi storic to wn
ga mes in the park
visit to museum
spec ial m eal in restaurant
co ncert of tr aditional music
t rip to different bars
Answers on page 189
102 FREE TIME A ND CULTURE
EXAM TIP
There are no 'right' or 'w rong' answ ers in situational
role-plays like th is. Take the opportunity to exchange
ideas and comment on what each oth er says. The
exami ners want to see how mu ch English you can
demon strate you know.
Picture-based discussion .. 25 minutes
20 Look carefull y at these sentences that
students sa id a b out the two photos on page
103. Eac h sen ten ce contains a mistake. Ca n
you find and correct the mistakes?
1 I t h in k the girl en joys being by h er.
2 It looks like that sh e's reall y interested in h er
book.
3 She's sitting outside , and sh e's wea ring the
T-sh irt , so it 's pro babl y in th e sum me r.
4 Th is is probably a group of frien ds, or
colleagues pe rhaps, doing a m eal togeth er.
5 Some body just to ld a joke, I t h ink , because
t hey're lau ghing all.
6 I can't see exactly what's on th eir p lates, but
it's probably qu ite tasteful.
7 Person ally, I find t he restaurant photo more
attracting, becau se t hey're clear ly h avin g
fun .
21 Read this text. A st u den t is a n sw erin g the last
question in exerci se 22. Ch oose word s fro m
the list to fill the gaps.
like depends go n eed gets take
change
How I spen d my free tim e ' _ _ on a lot of
thin gs. For one thing, there's the time o f yea r.
In the su m mer, I z_ _ to be out side as mu ch
as po ssib le. I tr y to ' _ _ advantage of th e
warm weat her, and play ga me s in t he park, or
go swim mi ng . I love be ing wit h my frie n ds,
telling each other jokes. The n whe n th e
wea ther 4 _ _ worse, in the w inter, I have to
s _ _ wh at I do wit h my spa re tim e. It becomes
to o cold to spe n d very long out side, so you
6_ _ to think of in door activities. One of m y
friends lives in a h uge h ou se, so we all ' _ _
ro und there m ost even in gs. We watc h DVDs or
listen to music. And te ll jokes, of co urse.
Smart answe r key on page 189
 SPEAKING EXAM " 10 minutes EXAM TIP
W hen you have to describe a
22 Look at the two photos. They show different ways of
picture, try to use your
spending free time. Compare and contrast the pictures. imagination. Guess wh ere the
people are, or why they are there
Whi ch picture ap pea ls more to you?
or what they might be think ing
Wh at othe r ways do you ha ve of spending free tim e? about. Tell the examiner how you
An swe rs on page 190 think someone might be feeling,
for example.

Smart answer key on page 190 FREE TIME AND CULTURE 103
Reading 35 minutes
1 Match each sentence 1-6 to t he
sentence a-f that should
logically follow it.
1 Willi am Blake grew up in a
middle-class famil y in
London.
2 In 177 2 he sta rted wor king as
an appren tice of an en grave r
in London.
3 Blake bec ame a studen t at the
Royal Acade my in 1779 .
4 Whe n Blake married
Cat herine Boucher in 1782.
she co uld n't read or write.
5 Blake fell seriously ill in the
spring of 1825 .
6 Th e Blake Prize for Religiou s
Art was esta blished in h is
h onou r in Australia.
a Seve n years lat er, at th e age of
twe n ty-one, h e be cam e a
p rofessional en graver himself.
b It has been awarded annually
since 1949 to artists of
outstanding m erit .
c Wh ile he was tea ching her
these skills, he also decided to
train her as an engraver.
d Desp ite hi s worsening
physical con dition, he
remained occupied with hi s
art.
e Th e institution was then
bas ed at Old Somerset House,
near the Strand.
f His father worked as a hosier
(a person wh o makes or sells
stockin gs), wh ile hi s mother
was responsible for William's
educ atio n .
2 Read sentences a-f again.
Underline the pa rts of each
sentence that refer back to
information in sentences 1-6.
104 FREE TIME A ND CU LTURE
READING EXAM ~ 25 minutes
3 Read this extra ct fro m a literary en cyclo pa ed ia. Six
clau ses have b een removed from the text. Co m p lete each
gap with a missing clause from A- G. There is one clause
that you do not n eed to u se.
Wi lliam Blake ( 17 57-1827) is today rega rde d as on e
of the most original of English writers and artists,
Born in Lo ndon, he spe nt mo st of his years in the
ce nt re of the capita l, 2__ ; the st ree ts of the
me tropolis became for him windows to in fini te tim e
and space .
Blakc's visio ns began early, and throu ghout his life he
experien ced wh at was, fo r him, d irect co n tac t with
spirits o f the lon g -dead , with ang els, God and th e
devil. Whi le mo dern psychiatr y would co nsider Blake
to have been under th e spell of hallucinati ons, 3_ _
He was also not shy in describ ing the so urces of his
inspir ation to his friends and co lleagu es. The eccent ric
reputation he th us gained did little to help him to
commercia l success; for most of his life his wo rk was
neglected, ~ _ _ .
But wh ile his work was o ften o ut of step with his
time , 5_ _ Trained as an engrave r, he pushed
for ward th e boundaries of that art by his o wn
innovations, and combined it with his poetry to suc h
an exten t that one canno t be properly understood
witho ut the other. Amo ng th e best known (and easiest
to understand ) of his hand-illustrated books are Songs
of In nocen ce and Songs of Experience, b __
A for hi m the visions we re rea l, and directly in sp ired an d
gu ided hi s art
B bu t hi s visio na ry powers transformed all around hi m
C despite all this, hi s de dicatio n to hi s art never wavered
D and he often lived near to po verty
E wh ich co ntain some of the sim plest and most beau tiful
lyrics in t he English lang uage
F yet durin g hi s lifeti me he was largely ignored and often
called m ad
G few of t he best artists of hi s da y doubted h is technical
ability
Answers on page 190
Smart answe r key on pag e 190
 EXAM TIP Use of English
Sentences in a text are connected by cross-references. Find those parts 25 minutes
that refer to some informa tion in another sentence (or other parts of the
same sentence). Then decide if t he information should appear before or 9 Ch oose th e co rrec t alternative:
after the cross-reference (does the reference assume you already know a, b , or c, to co m p lete ea ch
the information? or does it suggest that something will come later in the sentence below.
text?). This w ill help yo u wo rk out w here the missing clauses belong .
1 Th e Elgin Marbles, a la rge
co llection of anci ent Greek
Listening 40 minutes sculp tures, we re brought to
Britain fro m Athe ns in 1806
4 Use t h e w o rds below to co m p lete the ga ps in t he questi ons by Lord Elgin, _ _ was then
a n d resp o n ses. Use each wo rd o nly o n ce . the Brit ish a mbassador there.
before of do ing just with o ut a wh ich
b who
1 W h at kinds of t h ings do you en joy _ _ at weeken ds? c tha t
2 Do you ever _ _ do n othing at all?
2 The Elgin Ma rb les in the
3 Do yo u p refer to stay in o r go _ _ ?
Briti sh Mu seum are o n
4 I expect yo u like spe nd in g time _ _ yo ur family.
di spl ay for all to see, free of
5 Do yo u plan wha t to do a lo ng ti me _ _ the weekend
starts?
a ch arge
6 Co uld yo u give me an ex am ple _ _ yo ur favo uri te
b m oney
acti viti es?
c paym en t
5 Look a t th e quest ions in exercise 4. Th in k of yo u r answ ers. 3 Lor d Elgin _ _ the Ma rbles
Then write th e a n swers down. Ch ec k yo ur writing for in h is private co llecti o n fo r
mistakes. many yea rs wh en he decide d
to sell them to th e
6 Wr it e a sho rt text (a bo u t 60 words) expanding your
Govern m ent.
a nswers in exercise 5. Practise reading it aloud.
a kept
7 Th in k of so meo ne yo u know well - a frie n d o r a fa m ily b has kep t
m em ber. Im agine w h a t answers this person w ould give to c h ad kept
the questions in exerc ise 4 . Write a sh o rt text (a bou t 60 4 The Ma rbles were
wo rds) based o n this information. pe rm an ently dam aged in t he
1930s by Mu seum sta ff, who
HOW TO STUDY decid ed to clean t heir su rface
When yo u listen to anyth ing in Engli sh - 1V news progra mme, ete. - and scraped away the o rigin al
make quick notes of the numbers, names, dates, and so on, that you co lo uring to _ _ the sta tues
hear. Afterwards, look at your notes and try to reconstruct information wh ite .
from w hat you heard. a change
b tu rn
c m ake
LISTENING EXAM .. 15 minutes
5 The main reaso n _ _ the
8 . , 22 Yo u a re going to hear five different people talking Gree ks' interest in the
a bo u t w hat they d o a t w eekends. Before you li st en, read Marbles is t ha t they fin ally
the sta te men ts below. As yo u listen, for each speake r 1-5, wan t their ancien t treasures
decide w h ich o p in io n A- F they express. There is o ne back.
statement that doesn't match an y of the spea ke rs. a for
1 3 5
b to
2 4 c of

A Th e m ain thi ng is en joyin g friends' co mpany.

B I like to do as m uc h exercise as possibl e.
C Film s and co ncerts are usuall y fun to go to .
D I often do m or e at the weekends during the win te r.
E There are lo ts of spo rt yo u can watc h o n TV.
F I usu ally do as litt le as possible.
An sw ers on pag e 190

Smart answer key on page 190 FREE TIME A ND CULTURE 105

10 Read the sentences in exercise 9 again. Then
read the text in exercise 11 as well, and
answer the fo llowin g questions.
1 What are the Elgin Marbl es?
2 Wh ere are the Marb les kept?
3 Wh ere are th ey from origin ally?
4 Wh en were they made?
5 Who took th e Marbles to Brita in?
6 Who wo uld like them retu rne d to their
or igina l place?
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 10 minutes
11 Read the extract from a London travel
guide and use one word only to fill each
ga p to form a logical, coherent and
gra m mat ically correct text.
Playing with marbles
If yo u ha ve been to the British Museum in
Lon don, you will be fam iliar I the
Elgin Marbl es. The y are ' of th e
Museum 's key exhib its 3 sh ow in
the Duveen Gallery, a grand extens ion to the
Museum which was specially built to exh ibit
them . The Elgin Marbl es mainly ' _
from the Parthenon in Athens. For that
____ they are aiso referred ' _
as the Parthenon Marbles. Th ey are a
collection of sculptur es, considered by many
artists an d critics to ' the fine st
examples of Ancient Greek art there are. The y
were made between 447 and 432 BC,
_ _ _ _ the Parthenon was rebuilt after it
had ' destroyed by the Persians. Th e
collection 10 of seve ral statues and
fragments of statues from the Parthenon.
The re are aiso a few pieces that come from
Writing a book review 70 minutes
12 Look at these sentences taken from d ifferent
book reviews. Ch oose words from the list to
fill the gaps.
interruption twist description set
price
I Th e book is _ _ in the fut ure in an
imaginary wo rld.
2 One of the mo st interesting things abou t
this book is that it shows how everyo ne ha s
their _ _ and can be co rrupted.
3 [ suppose [ liked it becau se it's an
old-fash ione d roma nce but with a modern
4 Aithough some of the _ _ is rather ted iou s,
the dialogu e is very lively.
5 It wo uld be a good book to take on holiday,
so that you could en joy it witho ut _ _ .
WRITING EXAM (OPTION 1):
A BOOK REVIEW ~ 60 minutes
13 Write a review for a stud en t magazine
a bou t a book you h a ve enjoyed reading.
Yo ur review should include the fo llow in g
info rmation about the book:
the title
a brief outline of what h appens
what you think is interesting abo ut it
wha t you think its best aspects are
who you wo uld recommend it to.
Write 200-250 words.
Answers on p ag e 191
Writing a literary essay 70 minutes

the othe r tern pies on the Acropolis. 14 Match the words to the definitions.
Answers on page 191 I plot 5 cha racter
2 pro tago n ist 6 dilem ma
EXAM TIP 3 con flict 7 con clusion
Always read the whole text again after you have filled in 4 reso lution 8 am biguity
the gaps, to check that it's correct logically as well as
a a decision based on all the in formation
grammatically.
con nected wit h a given sit ua tio n
b a series of even ts that form the sto ry
Writing 70 minutes c a situatio n whe re there is more tha n one
po ssible meaning
OPTIONS d a situ ation whe re there are oppos ing ideas,
feelings or wishes
In thi s unit, yo u can choose to w rite a book review or a
literary essay. Read through the two exam tasks, and e a situation wh ich creates a problem by
decide which one you would like to concentrate on. offering more tha n one possible cho ice
f a person in a story
g the h ero or the most importan t person in a
story
h the act of findin g a solutio n to a problem or
diffi culty

106 FREE TIM E AND CULTURE Smart answe r key on page 191
 WRITING EXAM (OPTION 2):
A LITERARY ESSAY ~ 60 minutes
1S Think back to a novel that you 've recen tly
read. Write a n essay in 200-250 words,
discussing the following points.
o Describ e the main conflict in the piot.
o How do th e protagonists try to reso lve the
key co n flict?
o What obs ta cles do th ey h ave to overcome?
How successfu l are they?
o Who is t he chief protagon ist? What is h is /
her m ain ambit ion?
o How is the protagon ist's ambition
connected to t he ma in co n flict?
Answers on page 191
HOW TO STUDY
Practise describing various graph s, tables, and so on.
By yourself, you can take a graph or table and write a
description of the inform ation it con tains. Leave it for a
few days. Then read your description. Don't look at the
original, but draw the graph or table, according to your
description . With a partner, yo u ca n describe graphs to
each other and draw the graph you hear described.
Then check to see how well the descriptions worked.
SPEAKING EXAM e- 10 minutes
18 Look at the pie chart of how the average
person spends his or her time, and look a t
the bar ch a rt showing results of a survey
about popular free-time activities.

EXAM TIP
How the average person spends their free time
Writi ng starts w it h planning. Make not es of th e main
points you want to include in yo ur review or essay.
Decide how mu ch detail yo u want to add to each main Going out
point. Each main point should be explored in a separate
paragrap h. Decide on the most effective ord er of your
paragraphs. Finish t he review or essay w ith your ow n
summary or conclusion. After you have fini shed, check
what you have written.

Speaking 30 minutes

Statistics-based discussion
Working/studying
16 Look at the tw o graphs in exercise 18 and
make sentences a bou t the information. Use
ea ch of the following phrases at least once. Popular activities

m ore th an higher than much less than

less than lower than not as much as
far greater t ha n about the sam e as

17 Look at what some students said about the

information in the graphs in exercise 18.
Match the two parts of the sentences together.
1 It sur prises m e that workin g
2 It 's strange , isn't it, that we spe n d
3 These are averages, so
4 I get to school in a few minutes, but my
father
5 I would ha ve expected to see
6 It's a pit y that theatre isn't
7 In a way it's fu nny to think of Comment on the information contained in
A so much of our lives asleep. the charts.
B eating food together as a form of o Do you think you are sim ila r to or
en te rta in me nt. different from the average person?
C isn't a bigger proportion than this. o Do you think people h ave enough free
o m or e popular - I reall y like it . time?
E a hi gh er figur e for goin g out. o Do you think people spe n d their free time
F ma ybe n ob od y actually ha s this life. sensibly?
G spends an h our t ravelling to work. Answers on page 191

Smart answe r key on page 19 1 FREE TIME AND CULTURE 107

Reading ..... 50 minutes
1 Read t he instructions and th e
title of the article in exercise 4,
then choose the correc t ending
to the sentence below.
The text is proba bly about
a cha nges in th e ways people
spe nd the ir holidays.
b different eq uipmen t needed
for d ifferen t typ es of holidays.
c types o f h oliday mo st suitable
for differen t type s of people.
Now read t hrough the text
quickly to check if yo ur a nswer
was correct.
2 Find the words or exp ress io ns
in the article that match the
definitions belo w.
areas of land whe re the
anima ls an d plants are
prot ected by law
(pa ragraph 1)
2 places wh ere a lot of people
go on holiday (paragrap h 1)
3 a co m pan y wh ich arranges
othe r people's holidays
(paragraph 2)
4 peopl e whose job is to show
tourists aro u nd towns,
mu seums, etc. (paragraph 2)
5 a holiday in a place where
people do not often go
(pa ragraph 3)
6 visiting places for pleasure
ins ide o ne 's ow n country
(pa ragraph 3)
7 a h oliday spe n t sun bath ing at
th e seaside (paragraph 4)
8 boat trips mad e for plea sure
(pa ragrap h 4)
3 Read se n tences A- H in exercise
4 ca refu lly. Un derlin e those
parts in the arti cle that co n tain
informatio n a bout them .
108 TRAVEL
READING EXAM
4 Read the a rticle on tourism. Decide which sen ten ces A-H
a re true (1) a n d which are fal se (F), acco rd ing to th e text.
J ~J
(1) Back in the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first
realise d th at tourism might be a way out of poverty, they built big
concrete hotels on t he beaches of Kenya. South Africa and other
countries. For some t ime numerous charter flig hts came from
Germany and It aly. Tourists hoping to see lions in nature reserves
- but also expect ing to enjoy the comforts of home - packed into
overcrowded resorts that were trying to look like the
Mediterranean.
(2) That was then . Fortunately, a new kind of travel is in
fashion now. Today's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels
for more authentic experiences, like horseback-riding through the
bush . Sitting by the fire at night after a typical dinner of meat
stew, pumpkin leaves and wild spinach. they listen to the local
Xhosa people telling folk stories. This experience is not offered by
a multinational tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves.
through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures. The
money they earn will provide the Xhosa tour guides with an income
two and a half times the average local wage.
(3) In many ways, this off-the-beaten-track holiday represents
the futu re of global to urism . Despite difficulties. internat ional and
domestic tourism is expected to grow fast over the next two
decades . While a global recession and the terrorist attacks of
9/ 11 pushed down to urist numbers in 2001 for the first t ime
since 1982, the impact was less tha n many had expected . Longer-
term tre nds, including a rise in global wealt h, imp roving transp ort
technology, cheaper fl ights and the use of the Internet as a tr avel
t ool, will make it possible for more people around the world to
t ravel than ever before . Last year there were 693 mil lion
internat ional touri st arrivals. The World Tourism Organisation
Smart answe r key on page 191
 ~ 20 minutes + 15 minutes
expects that number to increase to more than 1
billion by 2010. Tomorrow's tourists will come
from new places ; the number of Asian, and
particularly Chinese, tourists is predicted to
explode as that region becomes more integrated
into the global econo my.
(4) Future tourists wi ll also want to do diffe rent
thi ngs. While su n-and-sea to urism still dominates ,
overcrowding a nd time pressures mean that the
sta ndard two-week beach holiday is becoming les s
popular, Rat he r than spending two wee ks on a
beach, Americans and Eu ropeans are now tak ing
s horte r but more varied trips , ca using the rapid
deve lopment of adventure travel, ecotouris m,
cultural tours , spa holidays , cruises and spo rts
vacat ions in eve r more dista nt places: China , the
Maidives, Botswana. Western traveliers who have
'been there and done that' choose more exotic,
individualised experiences . Local governments and
fi rms are trying hard to satisfy this new demand,
which offers them the opportunity to make huge
profits from tourism.
A Hotels built in Africa in the 1980s and early
1990 s were totall y differ ent from European
h otels. T / F
B Twe n ty years ago, tourist s from Europe,
w h ile o n h oliday in Africa , expected the
sa me co n d itio ns they we re used to in their
own countries. T / F
C Ther e are no African agencies providing
se rv ices to Euro pe a n tourists . T / F
D African tour gu ides earn less than people
doing other jobs. T / F
E Acco rd ing to ex pecta t io ns, the tourist
indust ry is facing a serious cr isis in t h e near
future. T / F
F The number o f t ourist s from Ch ina is
ex pected to grow fast . T / F
G Sunbathing at the seas id e is st ill the most
popular for m of holiday. T / F
H There is little cha nce that new types of
holidays, like adventure travel or cultural
tours, wi ll be offered in African cou n tries.
T/ F
An sw er s o n pag e 192
Smart answer key on page 192
5 Read the text again and write short
answers to each question.
1 Wh y d id Africa n co u n t ries promot e
tou rism in the 1990s?
2 W hat di d th e African t ourist reso rts lo o k
like in the 1980s an d 1990 s?
3 W ha t are the new tr ends in tour ism
n owadays?
4 Acco rd ing to the arti cle you've just read,
wha t d ifficulties h as globa l tourism h ad to
overcome lately?
5 W hat are the co n d it ions that w ill
sti m ula te the develo pmen t of to ur ism in
the n ear fu tur e?
6 What two m ain cha nges in glo ba l tourism
does the article pr edi ct?
EXAM TIP
When doing a true/false task, fi rst familiarise yourself
with the text. Read the instructions and the title, and
skim through the whole text to get a general idea of
what it's about. Then focus on the key words that tell
you about the gist of the text. Finally, find those parts of
the text that include the informat ion you need to
decide about the statements.
Listening 25 minutes
6 Read the instructions a n d the m ultiple-
ch o ic e statements in exercise 8 carefull y, a nd
answer these questions.
1 Who is go ing to be spea king? Do you kno w
thei r na mes?
2 What a re they go ing to talk ab ou t ?
7 Rea d the following pai rs of sen t e nces. Do
they have the same m eaning (v") or do they
h ave different m eanings (X)?
1 Th ere were no vacan cies.
They we re full y booked. D
2 We found a hotel in n o time at all.
It didn't take us lo n g to find a hotel. D
3 The roo m was fairly big.
The roo m was as bi g as a shoebox. D
4 We co uld n't wa it to go .
We d id n 't wa n t to go. D
5 I liked everyth ing about t he hotel.
I liked eve ryt h ing bu t the h o tel. D
6 I ca n't sta nd t he weather.
I ca n't co mplain about the weathe r. D
7 The t rip was n 't lo ng enoug h.
The tri p was too short. D
TRAVEL 109
LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes Use of English 20 minutes

8 os.23 Read the sentences below. You a re 9 Read the dialogue in exercise 10 below, then
going to hear two women talking about a answer the following questions. Don 't fill in
holiday in France. Read the sentences, and the gaps yet.
choose the best option: a, b, or c, to 1 Who's talking? Wher e do yo u think the
complete the statements about the co nve rsati o n takes place?
recording. 2 What's th e gues t 's complaint?
1 Paula's friend says that 3 What's the di sadvantage of the new ro om
a she h as been ill. the reception ist is offer ing?
b Paula doesn't lo ok very well. 4 What's t h e adva ntage of the new room ?
c she's pl eased to see Paula. 5 W ha t form of extra compensatio n does the
2 Before the trip, Paul a receptionist offer?
a was en t h us iastic ab out it.
b wa n te d to go to the Lake District. USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 10 minutes
c didn 't t ell anybody sh e was going.
3 Before Mark and Paula went to Par is, 10 Read the fo llo wi ng dialo gue. Fill in the
a Mark's boss didn't want him to go. gaps w it h the correc t fo rm of the prompts
b Paula arranged for so mebody to look in bra ckets.
after the h amster.
c Paula's sister prom ised to look afte r the Guest I'm not going to stay in th at roo m any
ch ild re n. , (long). It's z _
4 The journey across the Ch an nel (noisy) than a train station. Last night
a was ve ry smoot h . 1couldn 't sleep at all! It was
3 (bad) night of my life.
b was unpleasant for Paula .
Could yo u find me so mew here
c lasted eight h ou rs. , (quiet)?
5 The o n ly thing Pau la liked about Paris was Reception ist Well, it's 5 (difficult)
a the wea ther. th an it seems. We have " _
b the acco m moda t io n . (prac tica l) no vacan cies. The o nly
c the sh o ps . room I could offer is on the top floor.
It's much ' (small), so it
6 The return trip from Pari s was won't be 8 (com fortable) as
a di sturbed by a flood . t he o ne you're in at th e moment.
b an en joyable experience . Guest Anyth ing is 9 (good) th an
c earlier t han plan ned . what I went thro ugh last night! And I
Answers on pag4! 192 assume th e price will be 10 _

(significant) lower ...

EXAM TIP Recep tionist 11 (certain ). Our top -
floor roo ms are cheape r. Also, I'd be
Remember that mult iple-ch oice tasks may co ntain
glad to offer you a complimentary
options that are very similar to phra ses used in th e meal in o ur restaur an t to nig ht.
recording, but their meaning is different. Try to get a
general sense of the text, rather than understand single
words. Answers o n p iilge 192

EXAM TIP
First read through the dialogue quickly to understand
who's talking, and what they're talking about. Then
decide what part of speech the missing word is. When
you've completed the text, read the whole dialogue
again to check it sounds natural.

110 TRAVEL Smart answer key on page 192

Writing 90 minutes
Writing an argumentative essay
11 What do you think are the advantages a n d
disadvantages of cars? Write down a list of
five advantages, and five disadvantages.
12 Read th e statem ent in exercise 15 carefully.
What do yo u think? Do you agree or disagree
w ith the st atement? Sta rt planning. You can
use id ea s from ex ercise 11. Arran ge your
notes unde r these h eadings, and add more
p oints if yo u need to.
In t ro du cti on to essay:
Argu me n ts t hat yo u ag ree wit h:
Argume n ts t hat yo u disagree wit h:
Your co unter-argumen ts to the arguments that
yo u di sagree wit h :
Sum mary and co n clus io n :
13 Loo k at these pairs of sentences. Use the
prompts to rewrite them as one sentence.
1 A Many people prefer to drive to wo rk.
B People ofte n spend a long time sit ting in
t raffic jams.
Ma ny people r despite the fact
that _ 16 Look at these questions. Fou r of them
2 A Peo ple spe n d large sums of money on
cars.
B Ma ny peo ple wa nt to h ave status an d
pr ivacy.
People in o rde r to
3 A Many peop le don't believe how bad the
env iro n men tal situa tio n is.
B Gre en activists don't understand it .
Gre en act ivists t ha t
4 A Peo p le often prefer to use t he ir cars.
B Public transpo rt is slow and
unco mfo rtable.
, wit h t he result that
cars.
5 A Th e transport sit ua t io n will get wo rse.
B Th e govern ment co uld tak e acti o n.
Un less wo rse.
Smart answ er key on page 193
14 Read this part of the conclusion from
a student's essay. For ea ch gap, choose a, an,
the or - (no article) to complete the text.
For these rea sons, I believe that ' _ _ problem
is extremely complicated . This means that
z_ _ solutio n can n ot be ' _ _ sim ple o ne. I
think that ' _ _ h eart of ' _ _ problem is n ot
' _ _ question of logi c. Logically, eve ryo ne
should stop using r _ _ cars. However, o ur love
for s _ _ car is n ot logical. We like co m fo rt,
personal spa ce, an d so o n . If yo u want m e to
leave my car, yo u n eed to offer m e s_ _
luxury minibus - not m _ _ di rty, crow de d
normal bu s.
WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes
15 Write an essay of about 200 words for or
against the following statement:
People should be en co ur aged to get out of
their cars and find o ther way s to travel, like
public transport or cycling and walking.
Answers on page 193
EXAM TIP
In a for/against essay, you ca n write about arguments
on both sides of the que stion, but you must come to a
clear conclusion.
Speaking 7S minutes
Situational role-play 40 minutes
co n ta in a mistake and one question is
correct. Ca n you find and correct the
mistakes?
1 What's last holiday you h ad ?
2 Had you been to there befo re?
3 What did yo u do wh ile yo u we re away ?
4 What pr eparations did yo u m ake before
leave?
5 Where are you go ing for next yo ur holi day?
17 If you're working alone, answer the
questions from exercise 16. If yo u 're working
with a partner, ask each other a bo u t a
holiday you've had .
TRAVEL 111
18 Look ca refu lly at the instruction to exerci se 19 . Then Picture-based discussion
match the sentence beginnings 1-6 to the endings a- f to 35 minutes
make co m p le te su ggesti o n s.
20 Read these sentences. Look at
I I'd like to go to A th e C roatian coast is very ni ce.
the three photos o n page 113,
2 I've h eard that B th e m ountain s.
and d ecide if eac h se n te nce is
3 I thin k I'd en joy just C lyin g around being lazy.
right or wrong.
4 I'd prefer to o investigati ng accom moda tio n.
5 I'd say th e most E mak e the travel arrangeme n ts. I The two cyclists are ridi ng
im porta nt t h ing is F do so me hill-wa lkin g. away from the ca me ra. 0
6 I'm ha ppy to ag ree to 2 The ma n 's co ncen trat in g o n
hi s bu sin ess m agazin e. 0
3 The sur face is wet from the
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 5 minutes recent rain. 0
19 You and yo u r friend(s) have won a competition and the 4 The tr ain's pas sing wh at loo ks
prize is a holiday of your ch o ice. Discuss the following like a h arbour. 0
issues a n d choose a holiday from the options below: 5 One of th e riders is look ing
over h is shoulde r. 0
which would be t he best type of holiday to go o n 6 The passen ger doesn 't seem
what you would like to do wh ile you ' re there ve ry in terested in the view. 0
how long you would like to go for 7 The re a re a lot o f cars
what preparations yo u need to make for the trip. tr avelli n g in both d irec t io ns .
8 Bo th peo ple are cycl ing o n
t he cycle path .

Holidays from A to Z No w decide which sta tem en t is

about which picture A- C.
ACTION ADVENTURE
Cro ss the Sahara on a came l. Fly in a balloon safari. 21 Look a t the list of ideas below,
Sleep under th e stars. Live your lite to the full! and put them in the right
g ro u p in the table .
BEAUTIFUL BEACHES
spee d econo m ica l
\ Vhite sand and palm trees as tar as the eye can sec .
ge tt ing exercise
Brigh t sun and warm water. Exchange your stress for tim e to catch up o n the news
peace!
relaxing
COUNTRYSIDE CAMPING o pportu n ity to meet o t he r
people
Put d own the picture postcards of t he pre tty
doesn 't depend o n the weather >
co untryside and pack your bags because we' re going
n eed a change of clo t hes when
there . Bc parr of nature!
yo u get to work/schoo l
DATE WITH HISTORY enviro n m en tally friendly
Bored with TV? Come on our great tour o f
monumen ts and mu seums and historical to wn centres.
Feed your brain and your eyes!

EXCITING SPORTS
Fed up with sitt ing aro und? Wan t to get fit an d have
fun? Water spo rts, mo un tain-climbing, indoor skiing,
and more: everything 's possib le at o ur special centre !

An~wers on page 193

EXAM TIP
Remember that this part of the exam is like acting in a play. The
imp ortant th ing is to say your 'lines' well. This means you need to involve
the 'audience'. Speak with enthusiasm and interest. Speak clearly - don't
mumble. Make eye contact.

112 TRAVEL Smart answ er key on pa ge 193

 Public transport
Advantages Disadvantages

Cycling/Walking
Advantages Disadvantages

Add some ideas of your own, as well.

22 Now think about the advantages and

disadvantages of using a car to get to work/
school. Write down some idea s.

HOW TO STUDY
You may be asked abo ut any to pic in the spea king
exam. Whatever topic you are given, there are always
adva ntages a nd disadva ntages to think about and
discuss. Practise with a friend: if he or she says o ne
thing, think of a n arg ument aga inst it. Don't worry
abo ut yo ur own real opi nions, just practise saying the
op posite view.

SPEAKING EXAM 10 minutes

23 Look at the three photos. They show

different ways of going to and from work
or school. Co m p a re and contrast the
pictures .
Which way of tra velling would you prefer?
What are the ad vantages and
di sad vantages of the other ways that
pe op le use to tra vel?
Answers on page 193

Smart answer key on page 193 TRAVE L 113

Reading 35 minutes
1 T he fo llowing tw el ve
phra ses a re ta ke n from t he
article in exercise 2 . Ea ch
o n e o f the phrases 1-6
refers to the sa me t hing in
the a rti cle a s o ne of the
phra ses A-F. Fin d t he
twel ve ph rases in the
a rticle, then match the
pairs of phrases below
which refer to the same
th in gs.
I Mediterranean beach
2 my fina l destina t io n
3 my home
4 w ild life
5 h eat
6 like a tramp
A mid-thirties
B the so ut h of Italy
C in n eed o f a shower
D sma ll lightweight tent
E snakes, lizards, deer, wild
bo ar and wo lves
F n orthernmost tip of
Nor way
EXAM TIP
Reading texts usually contain a lot
of cross-references. Focus on the
key words and try to work out
when they refer back or forward
to other parts of the text. This will
help you find the correct answers
in the task, w here the informati on
is given in different paragraphs.
114 TRAVEL
READING EXAM
2 Read the article about someone who w alked ac ross Eu rop e.
Ch oose the hest option: a , b, c, or d , to com p le te the
sta temen ts about the text.
ACROSS EUROPE
On 1 May 1997, 27-year-old Londoner Andrew
Terrill began a 7,000-mile walk from the south
of Italy to the northernmost tip of Norway. The
aim of his walk was to raise 100,000 for
homeless people in England's capital. Here he
reports on his experiences at the start of his
adventures.
'WHEN I stood on a de ser ted bea ch at the so uthe rn tip of Italy
on 1 May, I didn't know quite what to expec t. Perha ps that w as
just as well. If I had known, I might never have left that
p leasan t Mediterranean beach . As I walked north into the
foothills of the Ape nnines, it seem ed impossible that I would
ever reach my final destination , Nor th Cape at the top of
Norway. I wa s both excited and ner vou s. My 35-kilo ru cksack
contained food for up to seven da ys. It a lso held my hom e - a
sma ll ligh tweight tent - and ever ythin g else I needed for
wild ern ess trav el.
The Ape nn ines we re certainly a cha llenge. The mo un tains
were covered in den se forest, and there we re few footpa ths.
The ma ps we re wo nderfully imagina tive. Valleys, mo un tains
and lakes we re mar ked, but d idn' t exist. Those that did exist
often weren 't marked . As a result, I was frequen tly lost - once
for two and a half days. It wasn' t a ver y promising sta rt. The
wil d life kep t me on my toes. There were many evil-looking
snakes, a million lizard s, deer and wild boar. Wolves were said
to be hidden away in the deepest forests.
Walking in the so uthern Apennines wa s ver y tough. It was
also fascinating , w ith ramshackle mountain villages along the
way. The locals were friendly and helpful. It wa s great to be out
in the hills wi th the freed om to trav el and live life at my own
slow pace.
It was also very hard, though. In May and June, the
temperatures reached the mid-thirties, and there was little
wa ter. I finished each day ba thed in sw eat. I wa s footsore and
exha us ted . I rarely had a cha nce to recover. Mosq uitoes and
barking dogs kept me awake at night, as d id the heat. I felt like
a tramp, and I looked like one, too .
Sometimes, in great need of a shower and a chance to relax,
I tried hotels. On man y frus trating occasions, empty-look ing
hotels sudde nly became full whe n I arrived . At limes, in the
southern Apen nines, I wasn' t at all happ y.'
Smart answer key on page 193
 ~ 20 minutes Listening 30 minutes

1 Andrew Terrill started his 3 Expressions 1-5 appear in the recording in exercise S. Match
ex pedition each of them to the expression in a-e with the same meaning.
a with eno ugh food for 1 on board a be sucked out
the who le trip. 2 blow out b burst
b in Londo n, the capi ta l 3 be drawn out c hold tightly
of England . 4 black out d o n the plane
c on a Mediterranean 5 cling to e lose consciousne ss
beach.
d well aware of what lay 4 Match each word or phrase 1-5 to one of the expressions a--
ahead. that has a n o pposite meaning.
2 While walking th rough 1 land a blan k it out
th e mountain s, And rew 2 strap (into) b rem ain conscious
a rema ined alert to wild 3 lose control c take contro l
anima ls. 4 black ou t d ta ke off
b had reliable map s. 5 th in k about e undo
c came across wolves.
d followed esta blishe d HOW TO STUDY
foo tpaths. An effective way of practising listening comprehension is to record a short
3 Walkin g in th e southe rn English text and then try to write down the complete text.
Apennines was hard
becau se LISTENING EXAM ~ 15 minutes
a Andr ew couldn't keep
up a fast enough pace. S ~ 24 You are going to hear an account of an accident. Read
b the peopl e in the the sentences below. Listen to the recording twice and
villages were complete the missing information with no more than three
unfri endly. words.
c it was hot and Andr ew 1 Wh en the accident happen ed, most of th e passenge rs o n
couldn' t have a shower. board were _
d And rew go t seriou sly 2 Wh en th e windo w blew ou t, Capta in Lancaster was nearly
ill. _ _ _ _ _ of the plane.
4 Th e thing And rew did not 3 During th e twenty minutes before the lan ding, the Captain
co mp lain about was
a th e lack of sleep. 4 In hospital Captain Lancaster th ou gh t he might not be
b high temperatures. ______ again .
c th e standa rd of hot els. 5 The results of the investigat ion in to the cause of the accident
d ach ing feet. have not _
Answers o n page 194

EXAM TIPS
The same information may be given in differen t wo rds in the recordin g and
in the task. Pay attention to phrases that have the same or the opposite
meaning.
If there is a word limit, check that you haven't written more, otherwise you' ll
lose points . (Cont ractions like wasn't, don't, you've and it's count as sing le
words .)

An sw ers o n p ag e 193

Smart answ er key on page 193 TRAVEL 115

Use of English 20 minutes Writing 90 minutes

6 Read the w ords bel ow. Each w ord has the Writing a student magazine article
sa m e meaning as a phrasal ve rb (a verb with
8 Look at the list of fiv e questions in exerci se
two or more parts, e.g. give lip , put aside).
11. Try to think o f as many id ea s as possible,
1 persuade 3 stop 5 refi ll and whether you a g ree with them o r not.
2 discharge 4 give 6 board Make notes of yo u r id eas.
Read the sto ry in ex ercise 2 quickly, Find and 9 Read these sentence s. Th ey relate to the five
underline the phra sal verbs which m ean the questions in ex ercise 11. Match each
sa me as wo rds 1-6 above. sentence to its question.
In years to co me, mo re people will work at
HOW TO STUDY
home and so reduce the n eed for tr avel.
You may find it easier to remember the meaning of 2 The m ain issues co nfro n ting us at prese nt
phrasal verbs if you record th em in your vocabulary are tr affic co ngestion and pollut ion .
notebook together with their most com mo n synonyms. 3 I don't want to sound too pessimistic, but I
don't believe they're go ing to be put into
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 10 minutes effect.
4 To be rea listic, the o rigin of the whole
7 Read the story a student has written about situation is economic growth : jobs to t ravel
his disastrous holiday. Fill in the gaps with to and m oney to buy cars.
the words or phrases from A-I. Use each 5 O ne way of solving it wo uld be to increase
word or phrase only once. There is one taxes o n cars .
word or phrase that you won 't need to use.
10 Look at this list of words and phrases. Ea ch
one is similar in meaning to a word or
I t k.ppe"ed two lle.,s .",0. I w.s ",eHi"", ,..dll to phrase in a sentence in exercise 9. Ca n you
30 to f~Y"is to kP.ve. . tk~ til'\..t- of '""11 fife. wv.. e 1'\ ( o-xt.
match them together?
Mll be.fore ~ll t ' .'''J o,,, ,,ell I ~s ~"oc~ed - - -
bll . bss .,,0 b,o~e ~ll.'~ ' I tk01<",kt " otki"", cur rently depressed key problems
wCYse. CO'Uld kP.ppe'K to l't. J so :I- dec.. i&d t o ero time ahead raise decrease used
"ll~ll ' face facts method beginn ing
I "",_ ",ed to t.l~ ~ll .f.tu., i" to ",ivi"", ~
r ide to tk.e st "t io'M J .-M.ic.k wl.S ..fIve j(ll~tns fro.. . .
ottI' ktnAse. . We. p~ "11.'lttd to se.t 1 ve.1' e."d~ to WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes
CAte,. tke 1- ".l'I\. . tyC\i-x. The. CAr .....c14.ld"11. 't stD.d
bece vse ~JI .f. tu, kad leH tu /M.edlillkt s 11 You have received the following note from
$ fAt l 1'\i:t~d ,,')\6 t(..o...e oo.tte.r;r W "'14"'" dow'11 . the editor of Teen Voice, the student
Wu" we .fi_llllleH it ~s .l,..dll ' .3 0. "Ill magazine you sometimes write a rticles for.
.f" t k.er is " "e.1) slow dr iver so :t t\sJ(e.d k n... to s~ed Write your article in 200-250 words.
" """0 wt-.,e-)1. we wer-e doi't\(} [2.0 )(1"-//11. o: polIce
"", c."",kt ' s. We p"lIed " p bll tu side o.f In next month's edi tion, we're going to focu s
tke 1'"0"0 o:.....d (}ot " ear . 1k.e polic.el1'.G\-)1. cr'\nd o n transport. I hope you'll be able to write an
"t 1AS L\-xd ~-xde d o-ut L\ 'm t~y keL\l1 .fi-xe to I1l.lr arti cle ab out the t ransport situation in our
fL\t~ y f oy speea.i-tt(t. .r; ~s ve1) -xerlO1AS - it wL\S town for us.
t.4-S L\-ttO we weYe -ttov.Y.eYe -tteL\Y tv..e st L\tio--tt lret . i o
What are the ma in problems we're facing
~J(e t ki-x(ts wCJYse / t v..e c.&\Y st L\yt ea. t ojuJ( Ml,a. it
SOO--tt t 1AY-xea. we Md Y1,(--tt ~ pe trol . We
today?
kl>d to stop . t tu petrol st. tio" to .fill " p t u
W ha t are th e causes?
t.,,~ . We .fi_llll (j'"t to t u milw.ll st.fio" .t
W hat are the possible so lu tions?
t kYU l1l.i-x'to(tes t o St.ve-x. How likely do you t h ink it is that these
I ~i ssed ~ll .f. tu, ",oodt:lle,j,,~d cm tu solutio ns will be applied?
tYL\i--tt L\-ttO bYeL\tv..ed L\ si(tk of Yel le f . B'to( t L\S SOO--tt L\S W hat predi ct ions wo uld yo u m ake for t he
we Yet\~a. tv..e --ttext st L\ tio-x} ::r: YeL\l is ea. tkL\ t ::r: Md future?
(tot 0'11 tv..e wYo-x(t hL\i--tt: ::r: wL\S trMelli-x(t to Answ e rs on page 194

A off
------_.......
::r:st L\--ttht.4 1) -xot PL\yis!

D do wn G in
EXAM TIP
A maga zine article is a g reat op portunity to show what
B up E o ut H out of the you can do in English. When you practise writing
C up w it h F o ut of I on articles, check that you have used a wide range of verb
Answers on page 194 tenses, sentence structu res, and a numbe r of idioms.

116 TRAVEL Sma rt answer key on page 194

Speaking
Statistics-based discussion
12 Look at the information in the two ch a rts in
exercise 14. Read the following sentences
that d escr ib e this informatio n . Rewrite the
sen tences in the passiv e.
1 Peo ple book most h olidays at travel age nts'
office s.
60 minutes EXAM TIP
Remember charts are similar to photos. They both
30 minutes
contain inform ation . Some of the information is obviou s
and factual. You can also begin to speculate about what
you see in both cases. You can ask yourself q uestions:
What is that? Why is that? You can suggest things:
Perhaps this means.. ., and so on .
Speaking: Debate 30 minute s

2 People use the In ternet to book a large
number of ho liday s.
3 People wit h de ma nding job s take a lot of
short-break h olidays.
.. Peop le often take th eir honeymoon ab road .
13 Here are so me sentences fro m students
talkin g abo ut the two graphs. Ca n you
m atch t he two parts of ea ch sentence
together ?
1 I suppose th e traditional way is
2 It's not su rprising th at th e Internet is so high
3 Th e ho neymoon figure mu st be lower
4 I imagine it's more likely to be younger people
5 I gu ess th at in the futur e we'll see
6 I think I'd still feel safer booking it
A whe n you think h ow many web sites are
tra vel o nes.
B becau se you on ly go on one of those!
C by going in to an office m yself.
o the Int ern et in creasin g furth er.
E to go in to th e trave l agen t's office.
F using websites to book th eir trips.
SPEAKING EXAM
14 Th e two ch a rts sh ow information about
holiday bookings. Th e first one shows how
people book their holidays, and the other
sh ows the kinds of holiday they book. Talk
ab o ut the information presented in the
c h a rts. Do yo u think the situation will
ch a n ge in the future? How?
SOURCES OF HOUDAT BOOKINGS
1S Fill in the gaps in the following sentences
about mass tourism with words fro m the list
below. There are two ga ps in eac h sentence.
Use ea ch word o n ly once. If n ecessary, use a
di ctionary.
awareness wealthy cha racter in co me
pop ularity h igh-rise eco no mic local
dominan ce dr ive u p
1 Tour ism provid es an im portan t sou rce o f
_ _ wh ere there is no othe r _ _
opportun ity.
2 _ _ Western tourists _ _ prices in local
shops in poo rer cou ntr ies.
3 Th e _ _ of globa l hotel an d restau rant
ch ains in resort s con tributes to the loss of
local _ _ .
4 Visitor s raise global _ _ abo ut _ _
culture s in faraway countries.
5 Th e _ _ of some Mediterranean beach
resorts led to the constru ction o f _ _
hotels in previou sly quiet fish ing Villages.
16 Look a t the sentences in ex ercise 15 again.
Which sen ten ces talk ab ou t the advantages,
~ 10 minutes a n d which about the di sadvantages of mas s
tourism?
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
17 Read the following question. Prepare
a rgu m en ts to support your opinion. Discuss
the issue with a partner, responding to a ny
counter-arguments they have.
Is ma ss tourism a th reat o r a blessin g for local
com m u n it ies?

Answ@rson page 195

Visillo travel Telephone Internet Direct response Personal EXAM TIP

agenl's crnce 10 advert recommendation
In the debate task, always try to think of both sides
(positive and negative) of an issue so you' re better
prepared to respond to your partner's possible co unter-
arguments.

Short Family Independent Group Honeymoons

breaks holidays travel bookings

Answ er s on page 19 5

Smart answe r key on page 19 5 TRAVEL 117

12 Science and technology
Reading 40 minutes
1 Before yo u rea d the article
in exercise 3, lo o k at
sentence begi n n in gs 1- 6
afte r the t ex t. Try to
complete each st a tem en t
with yo ur o wn ideas. (Yo u r
ideas don't have to be
based on the article.)
2 Read the t ext quickly and
fi nd the words or phrases
tha t match the definitions
below.
a give u p so me of your
demands o r ex pectat io ns
to m eet the wishes of
others
b the t ime w he n th e roads
are full of tr affi c because
of people travelling to o r
fro m wor k
c slowly begin to cover
m or e a nd more space
d places u sed fo r a particular
purpose o r acti vity
e toget h er; close ly
co n necte d
f form a bord er around an
area o r border o n to an
ar ea
EXAM TIP
Read the incomplete statements
and t hink about what info rmat ion
th ey co nta in or refer to . Then find
the part of the text which talks
about the same thing. Don't
forget, the actual words used in
the statements and in the text
may be quite different, while their
meaning is simila r. The stateme nts
in this task type follow the same
orde r as th e ideas in the text.
118 SCIENCE AN D TECHNOLOGY
- - - -
READING EXAM
3 Read this newspaper article about our ch a n g in g world. Match
the sentence beginnings 1-6 with the endings a-g so they
express the m ain ideas in the text. Write the numbers before
the endings. There is one ending you won 't need.
The Rise Of The Machines
The changing face of our motorised world
A Cars have give n us freedom . We can go w herever we wan t to
go, whe never we wa n t to go. They have also give n us
independence. We do nit have to comprom ise or cons ide r
whe re other people w ish to trave l. Cars p rovid e us w ith a
personali sed, door-to-door tra nsp or t solution th at's always
available. But they also change the world we live in.
B If you had to cons ider the im pa ct of cars on your town,
firs t of all yo u would probabl y think of traffic jams and the
difficulty of getting about in a car in the ru sh ho u r. O r maybe
you wou ld thin k of pollution, and how the toxic fum es ero de
th e facades of build ings alon g b usy tho rou ghfares. But there
is a much bigger cha nge we almost never thin k abou t. Cars
cha nge th e face of the towns themselves.
C As peopl e buy more and more cars, roa ds keep getting
w ide ne d to acco mm odate the increasing volu me of traffic.
They encroach upon formerly green spaces: law ns,
flow erb ed s, or trees that used to line th e roads. They expa nd
un til th e pavements becom e a thin strip along th e foot of th e
buildings, further na rrowed b y th e parked cars th at invade
th e last remaining inches of ped estria n space.
D We all enjoy the facilities th at shopp ing mall s, multiplex
cinemas and enormo us entertainment complexes bring -
because we can use our cars to ge t to th em. They are efficient,
conve n ient, and fas t. At the sa me time, we are sad dened by
th e loss of our local groceries, our beau tiful Ar t Deco p icture-
houses and th e friend ly ne ighbourhood com m unity cen tres .
What we must also rea lise is tha t th ese cha nges go hand in
hand, and we are to blame.
E Preferring ou r freed om to sha ring transp ort w ith oth ers,
we get into our cars to ge t to our workplaces. to do ou r
shopping, to go out to th e thea tre, and ma ny would even
drive to go for a wa lk in th e fields. And w herever we d rive
to, w e have to park, too . Parking spaces are h uge areas of
land use d up b y empty cars waiting for ho urs on end for th eir
passen gers to return. Wh at used to be a vast grassy meadow
now becomes a small muddy field (criss -crossed by th e tyre-
tracks of vehicles th at use the field to take a shortcu t ou t of
the parking lot) frin ged by a squa re of concrete and tar. And
what cars have changed will never be like it used to be, eve r
again.
Smart a nswer ke y on pag e 195
 ... 25 minutes
1 Amo ng the effects of
usin g cars, we usually
2 The reason we find
shop pi ng and
ente rta in men t cen tres
co nven ien t is th at we
can
3 Olde r sh ops an d services
in towns
4 Ca rs have enabled us to
5 Even ou tside the cities,
green spaces are
beg in ning to
6 Streets in our towns
_ a dri ve to th em. D
_ b cha nge to provide
more room for mot or
veh icles. D
_ c close down becau se
th e new facilities take
their place. D
_ d trav el freely and
independently o f
othe rs wh ere we like.
D B Maria Mitche ll
_ e realise that the effects
of increasing ca r
ow ne rship a re
irreversible. D
_ f regard traffi c
co nges tion an d
pollution as the most
important. D
_ g be rep laced by parking
lots for cars . D
4 Now match the sentences
above to the paragraph
(A-E) in the text which
contains information
about them . Write the
letter of the paragraph in
the box after each
sentence.
Answers on page 195
Smart answe r key on page 195
Listening 25 minutes
5 Answer the following questions about you rse lf. Give as much
detail as you can . Try to answer each question without
repeating more than two words from the question.
1 Do you come from a sma ll family or a big family? How man y
brothers or sister s hav e you got?
2 Have you received an y awards or won any com petitio ns? Wh at
were they?
3 Are yo u interested in scien ce? Wh y? / Wh y n ot ?
4 Wh at do you r pa rents think ab out your wo rk at school?
5 Whi ch sub ject at school do yo u spend most time study ing?
6 Wh at a re yo u plann ing to do after leaving school?
7 Would you like to become a teacher? Wh y? / Why n ot?
8 Where d id yo u grow up ? Do you still live in the same place
where you were born?
6 Now read questions 1-8 in exercise 7. Rewrite ea ch question
using your own words so it has the sa m e meaning.
LISTENING EXAM .. 10 minutes
7 . . 25 You are going to h ea r part of a rad io programme about
the liv es of famous in ventors. Read questions 1-8, a n d
match each questi on to the person A-C that it refers to .
A Alexa nde r Graham Bell
C jan Szczepanik
1 Who came from a big family? _ _
2 Who receive d a medal from a king? _ _
3 Whose scientific interests were n ot grounded in famil y
traditions? _ _
4 Whose ac hie ve ments were app reciated outsi de his/her
coun try? _ _
5 Wh ose research was conce n trated on one field of science?
6 Wh o ha d planned a different caree r? _ _
7 Who wo rked as a teache r? _ _
8 Whose bir thplace is open to the public? _ _
Answ ers o n pag e 196
EXAM TIP
Before yo u listen for t he first tim e, read t he qu estions carefully. Think about
different ways of answ ering each qu estion . Rem em ber, the answers in the
recording are usually phrased differently from th e questions.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 119
Use of English 30 minutes Writing 65 minutes

8 Read the text in exercise 10 quickly and Writing a student magazine article
answer the following questions.
11 Rea d the instructions for exercise 13 on page
1 Does t he wr iter t h in k space travel is a good 121 carefully. Then look at this mind map.
idea? Why? / Why not? Collect yo u r ideas for each category. Ca n yo u
2 What does he t h ink abo ut the cos t think of more categories to a dd?
con nected with space sh utt les? Is it
expe ns ive or chea p to run them ?
3 Wh ich orga n isation in the USA is home
respon sible for th e financing of space tra vel?
4 What do es the writer suggest th e
organ isatio n should do?
C experiences >
9 How many different words can you form
from the following prompts?
school
1 po int (n )
2 expense (n)
disadvantages
3 science (n )
4 maintain (v)
summer jo b
5 fly (v)
6 astronomy (n ) business
7 difficu lt (ad j)
8 effect (n)

What parts of speech (verb, n o u n , a d jective,

adverb, etc.) a re the word s t h a t yo u have
formed?
C advantages : )
~ ~
C future >
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes
t ransport
10 Read t h e following text a bo u t space travel.
Fill in each gap 1-8 with a word formed
from t h e prom p ts given in bra ck ets.
sport
Many peopl e think that it is ' _ _ (POINT)
to send people into space. It is dangero us and
also very z_ _ (EXPENSE), and some wo uld If you 're worki ng with a partner, show each
say t hat it's not even ' _ _ (SCIENCE) use ful. other yo ur min d maps. Disc uss your ideas,
The costs of the ' _ _ (MAINTAIN) of th e a nd try to a dd more to your m in d m aps.
space sh ut tles wh ich are used for manned
' _ _ (FLY), and of the Internati onal Space 12 Read this part of a letter w ritten by an
Station, are simply ' _ _ (ASTRONOMY) . imaginary student in t he ye ar 2050. Ch oose
NASA - the Nation al Aeronautics and Space words fro m t h e list to fill t he gaps .
Administration - consequently faces huge full wit hout th is aga in say te ll
financial ' _ _ (DIFFICULT). Perhaps they we re there
should forget th e manned programme and
look for more ' _ _ (EFFECT) missions. I know it's d ifferent for m e and for my parents.
They ' _ _ they can remember a world z_ _
An sw ers on page 196
the Int ernet. There was, th ey ' _ _ me, a
EXAM TIP
building ca lled a library whe re yo u co uld go .
These buildin gs co nta ine d many book s an d
Und erstanding w hat th e text is about w ill help you
there were people ' _ _ who co u ld give yo u
wh en you are tryi ng to fill in the gaps. Look for clues
advice. Well, ' _ _ all sou nds very st ran ge to
that help you decide what part of speech the missi ng
me! Perhaps one da y in th e futur e, th e wh eel
wo rd is. When yo u have finished, read t hroug h t he
who le text again to check that the words fit in logically will turn ' _ _ circle a nd we will sta rt to build
as well as grammatically. libraries ' _ _ , as if th ey ' _ _ a new
inventi on!

120 SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLO GY Smart answer key on page 196

 HOW TO STUDY
If yo u want to w rite well, yo u have to plan . Planning is
for write rs w ha t training is for ath letes! Practise d ifferent
ways of planning essays on a really wide range of topic s.
Anything could be the basis for an essay plan : 'My trip
to th e sho ps yesterday.' 'W hy my broth er is annoying.'
' Living on my street.'
WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes
13 The editors of a n international student
magazine have asked you to write an
article about people and technology. They
would like yo u to deal with the following:
What experiences d oes the av era ge perso n
have of technol ogy in their daily life?
Do yo u think technology helps us, or does
it just ca use problems?
How do yo u predict technology will affect
o ur lives in the future?
Write your article in about 200 words.
Answers on page 197
Speaking 70 minutes
Situational role-play ~ 30 minutes
14 Read the instructions to exercise 17 carefully.
Then read the suggest io ns below. Co m p lete
the responses. Fo r each one, you should first
agree, and then disagree. In each case, you
n eed to give a reason.
If we're goi ng to ta lk abo ut o ur homes, we
could ta ke some photos and bring t he m in to
class.
Yes, that's a good idea, bec ause _ technology an d the workplace
I don't think so, because _ ed uca tio n for science an d technology
2 Why don't we prepare a short play or drama
about work in the pas t, and t h en act it to
the class ?
Yes, that's a good idea, because _
I don't think so, because _ If you wan t yo ur role-play to be realistic, you need to
3 For that sect io n of the presentati on, we
m ight ask o ur teacher to tell the class all
abo ut it.
Yes, that's a good idea, because _ page 128.
I do n ' t th ink so, because _
4 I think we co u ld write lot s of different
predi cti on s o n pieces of paper and displ ay
them ro un d the classroom so eve rybo dy
co uld go and loo k at them all .
Yes, that's a good idea, because _
I don 't think so, because _
Smart answer key on page 197
15 From each pair of answers yo u have written
in exercise 14, choose the one that's closer to
your opinion.
If you 're working with a partner, co m pa re
your ideas.
16 Two students are talking ab o ut the topic in
the ex a m task below. Ca n you put their
dialogue into the correct o rd er?
_ _ That's true. We co uld make a chart
showing the different possibilities for
qualifica tions.
_ _ No w, what do yo u think we sh o uld start
off with?
_ _ Yes, why not? We all have tha t in
co mmon . How sh all we do it?
_ _ Yes, that would make eve ryone feel
d irec tly in vol ved .
_ _ She is, yes, but t his is supposed to be our
ow n ideas.
_ _ Co uld we ask yo ur mother how to do it?
She is a science teacher, aft er all.
_ _ Then we could ask the class if people in
t he ir families have those q ua lificat io ns .
_ _ That wo u ld be effective - nice and clear.
_ _ Why don 't we begin h ere? I mean , wit h
the qu estion of ed ucation .
SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes
17 You and your partner have been asked to
give a presentation about the role of
science and technology in today's society.
Discuss and decide together how you will
address the following:
scie nce an d life in the h o m e
predi cti ons for the fut ure.
Answers on page 191
EXAM TIP
learn to respond and react to what the ot he r pe rson
says to yo u in a natural way_ Practise using the
expressio ns in exercise 16. Learn ot her ways, too. You
can find some useful phra ses in the Speaking Bank on
SCIENCE AND TECHNOlOGY 121
Picture-based discussion 40 minutes EXAM TIP
18 Read these se n tences about the two photos It can be useful to think about what is not in the
on this page. Ch oose the correct a nswer: a, b, pictures as well as what is there. You can see examples
of this in exercise 18, w here the student wa s th inking
o r c, to fill eac h ga p .
about the things that aren't visible in the pictures. You
I can 't see _ _ th is wo ma n is sitt ing in an can find useful phrases for spec ulating abo ut a picture
o ffice with ot he r people or alone. in the Speaking Bank on page 128.
a how b if c that
2 It's not sh own h ere, bu t I assume this is
_ _ on th e st reet somewhere.
a out b ove r c off
3 I don 't which co untry this is in, but it's not
my co untry, _ _ the post box is quite
sim ilar to ours.
a altho ugh b de sp ite c except
4 Of co urse we don 't know wh o _ _ is th at
sh e's calling, bu t she seems to be en joying
the co nve rsatio n anyway.
a the re b thi s c it
5 She's definitely prett y, but she's do ne
someth ing a littl e stran ge with h er hair,
_ _ it up wit h those thi ng s.
a attac he d b tied c con nec ted
6 I'd say that th is was a man 's ar m that we see
here, and I th in k h e's _ _ three enve lopes
int o the box.
a send ing b making c putt ing
7 I'm won de ring if the wo rd 'times' is written
on the box, in wh ich _ _ I guess it's in
Ca nada or Aust ralia or some wh ere like tha t.
a case b point c exa m ple

19 Match the tw o parts, 1-5 and A- E together to

fo rm questions that you might expect an
examiner to ask during the exam task.
I Are yo u ab le to relate either
2 Cou ld yo u say a little mor e
3 As far as you' re co ncern ed, has email
4 Wha t do you imagine she mi ght be
5 Wha t kind of letters do you think
A rep laced the nee d for the postal service?
B o f these pictures to your own expe rience?
C using a com puter for at the momen t?
D the ones h ere m ight pe rhaps be?
E abo ut tha t to explain what yo u mean ?

SPEAKING EXAM I', 10 minutes

20 Look at the two photos. They show

different aspects of communication in
today's society. Com p a re a n d contrast the
pictures.
Wh at is you r exp erience of th ese
situations?
How do you think com m un ication will
develop in th e future?
Answers on page 197

122 SCIENCE AND TECHNO LOGY Smart an swe r key o n page 197
HIGHER LE VE L

Listening 35 minutes Use of English 40 minutes

1 Read st atements 1- 10 in exercise 2. Ch oose the correct 3 Read the following sentences.
alternative below to com p lete the information about the Look carefully at t h e
recording you 're going to hear. underlined words. Are they
1 Ryan in vented a device to help blind / deaf people. correct (.I') , or should they be
2 Ryan thought of the idea in a restaurant / in a science deleted (X)? Decide in ea ch
lesson. case.
3 The dev ice translates sign language / foreign languages. I Rem ember that th e history of
science an d technology is a
history of m istakes as well as.
LISTENING EXAM . . 25 minutes

2 . , 26 First read sentences 1- 10 below. You will hear a 2 A scien tist ha s to start
radio in terview with Ryan Patterson, the inventor of a some where, so he starts with
n ew device . Decid e which of the sentences a re true (T) a guess an d tries to prove it
a nd w h ic h are fa lse (F), ac cording to the recording. wrong. _ _
3 Havin g kn owled ge doesn 't
1 The idea for th e inve n ti on occurred to Ryan wh ile
n ecessaril y make us wise: we
wo rking at a Burger King restaurant. T / F kn ow that abo ut po llut ion,
2 The deaf people Ryan saw were showing the cash ier what but we still fly an d d rive.
they wanted to order. T / F
3 Ryan used th e idea whe n h e en tered a science con test .
4 Th ere are also issues such as
T /F global wa rmi ng abo ut which
4 A cell pho n e is used as the receiver wh en using the Sign
it seems eve n the experts
Language Trans lator. T / F can't agree. __
S Ryan 's in vention help s deaf people learn sign lan guage.
5 Man 's ap pare n tly un stoppabl e
T/ F hunger for en ergy is leadi n g
6 The in vention brought Ryan mo ney to cover the costs of to the terribl e damage to th e
hi s fur the r educatio n. T / F plan et . _ _
7 Ryan had to learn h ow deaf people use sign lan guage. 6 Grow ing in terest in the
T /F pot ential of alternative
8 Ryan had n o pre vious expe rien ce of building electron ic
sources of energy is a cause
devices. T / F
for some ill cautio us
9 Ryan h ad consi de red various typ es of gloves for hi s opti mism . _ _
in ven tion . T / F
10 Ryan h as sold hi s in vention to a deaf commun ity cen tre.
T/ F
Answers on page 197

EXAM TIP
Use your time systematically:
, Read the task carefully.
2 Listen to th e recording for th e first time , and while you listen, mark
th e answ ers you' re certain about.
3 Look at the task again, paying special attention to the items you did
not answer the first time you heard th e recording.
4 Listen to th e recording again a nd mark the missing answers.
5 Check that all answers have been marked . If you really don't know the
answe r, g uess.

Smart answer key on page 197 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 123

4 Now read these sentences. For
each gap, d ecide which is
correct, the word in A o r B, o r
no word (C).
We tend to t hink we' re so
clever t h ese days, forgetting
that the Egyptia ns, fo r
example, built the pyramids
wit hou t _ _ electr icity.
A the B so me C -
2 1 sti ll feel th e postal service is
the m ost amazin g thing: you
put a letter _ _ in a bo x in
o ne co u nt ry an d it appears in
so meone else's house o n th e
o ther side o f the wo rld .
A through B off C-
3 Change h appens so q uickly
t hat it see ms ha rd to kee p
_ _ wit h it so metim es.
A up B on C -
4 I won de r _ _ the day will
co me when they'll say, OK,
th at's it, we've invented
everyt h in g n ow.
A that B if C-
5 It seem s to m e t ha t there's
m o re magic _ _ in a single
n ew flow er in sprin g than in
a ll t he space ro ckets.
A bein g B been C-
Reading 35 minutes
6 Read the following sentences from the article on page 125.
Decide from the context what the underlined words mean.
1 No co ns u me r prod uc t in hi st or y has cau gh t o n as quickly
as t he mobile pho n e, global sales of which have risen from
six millio n in 1991 to m o re t han 400 millio n a yea r now.
Catch 0 11 m eans
a beco me po pu lar.
b di sco ver by chance.
c attract atte n ti o n .
2 Mo bile phone take-up among the poor has actually been far
quicker than it was in the case of previous products, such as
co lo ur television, co m pute rs a nd In ternet access.
Take-lip is
a the act of gain ing co n trol.
b the proper way of using so me t h ing .
c the rat e at which people buy o r accep t so me th ing .
7 No w find the following words o r phrases in the article in
exercise 8, a n d write similar short definitions for them.
1 opin io n poll 4 in n ovati o n
2 landline 5 bridge t he gap
3 run up 6 dr awb ack
EXAM TIP
When you have completed yo ur answers, check t hat no qu estion was left
unan sw ered . If you are really not able to decide whic h answer is righ t,
just g uess.

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 25 minutes

5 Read this text about rockets. Most lines co n ta in an ex t ra word - a word that is
eit h er grammatically incorrect or one that does not fit in with the meaning o f
the te xt. Some lines, however, are co rrec t . Find the extra word, cross it out,
a n d write it after the line. Tick (,f) the correct lines. There are two examples
at the beginning.
THE HISTORY OFROCKETS
o The complete truth of the history of rockets will probably never be enti rely clear. ~
00 but it does seem that it all was started in China overtwo thousand years ago. But it was
1 took on quite a while for rockets to reach Europe. Although the Chinese were fully
2 used to incorporating rockets into their military strategy by the time William the
3 Conqueror invaded England from France in 1066. neither of the English northe
4 French were familiar with them . The rocket seems to have been arrived in Europe
5 in the year 1241 . There are historical records that showing that the Mongols used
6 rockets against the Magyars in their attack on the cityof Buda on Christmas Day of that year.
An swers on page 198

EXAM TIP
The re are m any ways in w hich a w ord in an exercise like t his can be w rong. Think carefully about
w hat yo u have practised in thi s sequence, and m ake a list of the various reasons. Then yo u will be
better prepared to find t he errors next time you do an exercise like this one.

124 SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY Smart answer key on page 197

 READING EXAM .. 20 minutes

8 Read the a rt icle a bout mobile phones . Th en ch oose the 1 The gro up wit h t he highest
co rrec t en d ing: a, b, c, o r d , to co m p lete sta te men ts 1- 5. number of people who own
a m obile phone is
a teenagers.
b people between 40 and
('lOaILE SO.
c men.
rtEVOLUTIOn d women .
No consumer product in history has caught on as quickly as the 2 According to th e opin ion
mobile phone, global sales of which have risen from six million in poll, women
1991 to more than 400 million a year now. a spend more time on th e
The arrival of the mobi le phone has transformed our lifestyles phone than men .
so much that men now spend more time on the phone than b spen d less time on the
women, according to the results of our special opinion poll. phone than th ey used
Mobile phones are no longer just the domain of the teenager to .
and, in fact, just as many 40- and 50-somethings now own a c like to pla y with their
mobile phone as the 15 to 20 age group (slightly below 70%). Even mobile phones.
among the over 65s more than 40% now have a mobile.
d don't worry about their
The survey found that men with mobile phones 172% of all
p hone bills .
men) spend more than an hour a day making calls on an average
weekday. Th e average man spends sixty-six minutes on his 3 Accord ing to th e text,
land line or his mobile, compared with fifty-three minutes before mobile phones
the mobil e phone revolution. a are modified too fast .
But the poll reveals that, while men are using their phones a b are incorporated in to
lot more, women are actually spending less time on the phone. cameras.
Slightiy fewer women 167%1have a mobile phone, and the survey c can now rep lace many
shows that the average amount of time they spend on the phone
ot her products.
on a weekday has gone down from sixty-three minutes before
they got a mobile to fifty-five minutes now. The explanation might d a re more complica ted to
lie in the fact that men love to play with tec hno toys while women operate than rad ios.
may be more conscious of the bills they are running up. 4 Among the poor, the
innovation in mobile phones has been happening so fast that demand for mobile phones
it's difficult for consumers to change their behaviour. Phones are a has created more of a
consta ntly swall owing up other products like cameras, gap with the rich .
calculators, clocks, radios, and digital music pl ayers. There are
b is higher than am ong
twenty different products that previously might have been bought
the rich .
separatelythat can now be part of a mobile phone. Mobiles have
changed the way peopletalk to one another, they have generated c follows th e pattern of
a new type of language, they have saved lives and become style similar innovations.
Icons. d ha s grown faster th an
Obviously, the rich have been buying phon es faster than the the demand for
poor. But this happens with every innovation. Mobile phonetake- computers.
up amongthe poor has actually been far quickerthan it was inthe 5 One di sadvantage o f
case of previous products, such as colour television, computers
mobile ph ones that the
and Internet access. Indeed, as mobile phones continue to
article does not mention
become cheaper and more powerful, they might prove to be more
successfulin bridging the gap between the ri ch and the poorthan is the
expensive computers. a high operating costs.
There are obviously drawbacks to mobiles as well : mobile b h igher crime rat e.
users are two and a half times more li kely to develop cancer in c poss ible h ealth risk.
areas of the brain adjacent to their phone ear, although d in creased danger to road
researchers are unable to prove whether this has anything to do users.
with the phone; mobile thefts now account for a third of all street
robberies in Lo ndon, and don't forget about all the accidents
waitingto happen as people drive with a mobi le in one hand. But,
overall, mo bile phones have proved to be a big benefit for peopl e.

Answers on page 198

Smart answer key on pa ge 198 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 125

Writing 10 minutes
-----
Writing a discursive essay
9 Read the statement in exercise 12 carefully. It
suggests that there are many problems
curren t ly rela ted to te chnology, and perh a ps
more to come. What problems do you thin k
there a re at presen t? What p roblems do you
think m a y a rise in the fu tu re? Make notes o f
your ideas.
10 Read th is part of an essa y. Ch oose words and
p hrases from the list to fill in the gaps.
Thus The resu lt of Mor eover
In con trast Th is is However
It may be useful to remind our selves of one
perh aps rat her obv io us point. ' _ _ that the
people who design software an d th in k up n ew
applicatio ns for IT with in the wor kplace are
experts . a_ _ r the vast majority are
en th usiasts. "_ _ th ey feel comfortable an d
hap py with tec hnology. ' _ _ to them , the
average person, say an office wor ker who has to
learn a new softwa re package, lacks confidence.
s _ _ th is disti nctio n is that developments are
d riven by the min ority. ' _ _ r it is the maj ority
who feel the effects.
11 Read this part of a n introduction to an essay.
Ca n yo u find and correct the six er rors it
co n tains?
Th e sta teme nt that this essay bases on is a
pess im istic one . It h as been issued by some one
fro m a co m pletely n egat ive attitude to
tec h nology. I will begin my essay by
co nside ring h ow is meant by the sta teme n t. I
will then move over to look at a number of
coun ter-arg ume nts. Finally, I will deliver m y
conclusion. Th is is basically that the action we
n eed to take is grea tly to in crease the level of
technologically educa tio n gene rally available.
WRITING EXAM .. 60 minutes
12 Write an essay (200-250 words) based on
the fo llowing topic.
The worl d to day faces a serious ch allen ge: we
don't really un derstand the ways in whi ch
tec hnology is cha n gin g our lives: our
wo rk/ed uca tio n, our leisur e, our
com m un icatio n, ou r relations h ips -
everyth in g. An d if we don't understand
tod ay's world , ho w can we m ake sure
tomorrow's wo rld is a goo d o ne for ou rselves,
ou r ch ildre n, our ch ild ren's ch ildren .. .?
Answers on page 199
126 SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
EXAM TIP
Planning is very important for this type of w riti ng exam
task. The task itself doesn't always provide you with a
list of points. This mean s th at you m ust spe nd some
time plann ing very carefully, sta rting with produci ng
ideas - as yo u did in exercise 9 here.
Speaking 45 minutes
Picture-based discussion 25 minutes
13 Here are some jumbled sentences from
students talking about the photo on page
12 7. Ca n you put the underlined words into
the correct order?
1 She's some old sto ne o utside on sitti ng steps.
2 I guess she rem embered when she was sen t
walking she h adn 't sudde nly an im portant
email along.
3 Perhap s before she's to h er p lane try ing an
to colle ague em ail h e takes a send .
4 Of course , might just be inspiration she a
moment write r wh o a h ad of.
5 I don 't think quite she's lon g going to it's
stay un comfortable beca use .
14 Read this paragraph. Somebody is talking
about using computers. Co m p lete the text by
choosing one word for ea ch ga p. One of the
words is used twice.
tot ally suc h mean s wit h m ore
them selves actually
For me, computers are a ' _ _ to an end,
n othing z_ _ . I don 't find them in teresting in
a_ _ Th ey en able me to do th ings that I need
to do, ' _ _ as sen d ing ema ils o r chec king
in formation on websites to h elp me s_ _ my
h omework or con nected to one of m y h ob bies.
But ' _ _ m y sister the situatio n is ' _ _
different. It's like you can't believe we're ' _ _
related . She is ob sessed wit h com puters. I don't
understand, but tha t's the tru th .
SPEAKING EXAM .. 10 minutes
1S Look a t the photo of so m ebody using a
laptop. Ta lk about the picture.
Wh y do yo u th in k sh e's where she is?
What do you think sh e's do ing?
Wh at do yo u think will h appen next?
How does this situa tion co rnpa re to yo ur
use of com puters?
Is life without computers an d th e Int ern et
possible th ese days? Why? / Wh y n ot?
Answers on page 199
Smart answer key on page 199
 EXAM TIP SPEAKING EXAM .. 10 minutes

When you are imagining things or speculating about a picture or

17 Read the follow ing
situation, you need to control your language carefully. Make sure you
und erstand how to use m odal verbs and conditi onal struct ures so t hat
statement. Do you agree or
yo u can describe w hat yo u are imagining, guessing, and so on. You can
disagree? Prepare arguments
find useful phrases in the Speaking Bank on page 128. to support your view. Discuss
the issue with your partner,
and respond to their counter-
Debate 20 minutes
arguments.
16 What do you think are the most important scientific
discoveries or technological inventions? Read the following Technol ogical inventions do n't
list, and think about how these things have changed the make our lives better. Th ey
way we live. Write down at least one reason why you think sim ply creat e mor e products
each of them is important. we're expected to buy.

a nuclear energy An sw ers on pag e 199

b cars
c antibiot ics EXAM TIP
d mapping o f the human gen ome If yo u can' t think of w hat to say
e the Internet qui ckly for or against som ething , try
f space flight com paring it to som et hing else: w hich
g planes thing has more advantages and which
more disadvantages?
Are there any other important discoveries or inventions?
What do you think should be added to the list?

Smart answer key on page 199 SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY 127

Sgeaki rng Ba til ~

Situational role-play Let's (do sth).

How / What about (doing st h) ?
Starting a conversa tion
I was wondering if you 'd like to (do st h)?
Excuse me. Can I tell / ask yo u some t h in g? It wou ld be great if we (did st h).
Can I ta lk to you fo r a m oment?
Can I h ave a wor d ? Accep ting suggestions / arrangements to meet
(Yes .) I'd love to .
Ask ing for directi ons / information
(Yes.) I'd be glad / happy to.
Excuse me. How do I get to ... ? Su re, why n ot?
Is t here a (post office) n ear here? Sounds goo d to m e.
Could yo u te ll m e th e way to ... ? Gre at !
I'd like to know ... , please. Yes, that would be (great / good / useful / excellent).
Do you know (where the bus stop is)? Yes, (I think) that's a good ide a.
And there is one m o re thing I'd like to kn ow. Th at's a great ide a!
And yo u wo uld n' t know ... , would you? That's a goo d / an exce llent suggestion !
Giving directions Yes, that 's prob ably th e best option.
Th at wou ld / cou ld be fun / interesting.
Go straigh t ahead.
Turn left / right . Rejecting suggestions / arrangements to meet
Take the first / secon d tu rn in g on yo ur right / left . Sorry, but I can 't.
Go past (the school). Sorry, bu t I'm bu sy o n ...
Keep going until you get to ... Sor ry, but I've got to (do sth) .
Go along (Green Street) as far as the traffic lights. I'm afraid I can' t .
Th en ... Th at' s a good idea, but ...
You need to ... I'd love to, but ...
Expressing opinions I don't th in k so, (because .. .).
Well, I'd rather (do st h).
see under Debate
Yes, but don't you think it wou ld be bet te r to
Apologising (do st h) ?
(I'm) so rry for (sth / doing sth ). Asking for help
I'm really sorry.
Could yo u (do st h) ?
I'm aw fu lly sorry.
Would you mind (do ing st h)?
I apol ogise.
Can you help m e, please?
Making Cl requ est Cou ld you give / lend me a h an d ?
Can / Could you ... ? Offering something
Would you mind (doin g st h) ?
Would you like (a biscuits ]
Do you think you could ... ?
How about (a cup of coffee)?
Do you think yo u could pos sibl y ... ?
Fancy (a drink)?
Will you ... ?
I'll do it for you.
Agreeing to Cl request Shall I help you to (do sth)?
OK. / All righ t. How can I h elp (you)?
Yes, sure. Accepting an offer
Cer ta in ly.
Yes, please. / Thanks.
Refusing a request Th an k you very much . Th at 's very kind of you.
Sorry, but ... Tha t wou ld be lovely, th ank you .
I ca n' t reall y ... A sking for permission
I'm afraid I can 't ...
Cou ld I ... ?
Making suggestions / arrangemen ts to meet Is it OK / all right if I ... ?
Are you doing anything on ... ? Do you mind if I (do st h)?
Would you like to (do st h)? Would you mind if I (did sth)?
Do you fancy (st h / doin g st h) ? Would it be OK if I (d id st h)?
Why don't we (do st h)? I was wondering if I could ... ?

128 SPEA KING BANK

Giving permission A quarter of .
Yes, of co urse. Hardly a ny .
Yes, sure. Com pared to ... it's (tm times / 55 %) m or e (likely /
Yes, th at 's fin e. conunoni ...
No, t hat's fin e. Th e contrast between (air travel) an d (sea travel)
No, go ahead . is (in)s ign ifican t.
No probl em. Ex plaini ng what something is
Refusing permission It's so me t h ing that (covers the windows. You can
Sorry, but ... (1'" 11 it).
I'm afraid that's not po ssible. It's a kind of (bed) t hat you ca n (sit 011 when yOIl
I'd rat her you d idn 't (if yo u don't min d). want to watch TV).
It's (a box) made of (wood) where (somebody keeps ... )
As king for a dvice
Specu la ting
What do you think I sh ould do?
Do yo u think I sho uld ... ? (I gue ss) they might / co u ld be (brother and sister).
Can I as k yo ur op in io n abo ut som eth ing? It mu st be (some kind of a machine ),
She is prob abl y (more than 17).
Giving advice She can't be (011 holiday), beca use ...
I think you shou ld / oug h t to ... She co u ld be or ...
If I were yo u , I'd (do st h). He looks as if .
Have yo u th ought abo ut (doing sth)? It's not clear if .
Have yo u co ns idered (do ing st h)? It looks like (they 're [tiends v.
Why don't you .. . ? Th ey see m (to be ill love).
You mi ght en joy (doing st h) . I im agine they're .
You could ... I expect that she's .
Sayillg tha nks I wonder if h e's ...
Tha nks a lot. / Many thanks. Debate
Thank yo u very m uch.
Orde ring arguments
That wa s / is very kind of yo u.
To start with, ...
Respo nding to thanks First of all , / Firstl y, ...
Not at a ll. Seco n d ly, .
No probl em . Another thing is that ...
Don 't mention it. On the one hand ... but o n th e other hand ...
Any time. On the other h an d, .
Th at 's O K. The main reason is .
You' re welcome. Another rea son is .
It's a pleasur e. / My pleasur e. Well, the thing is th at ...
It's a lso true that ...
Picture- or statistics-based discussion
And on to p of t hat ...
Desc ribing a pic t ure And fina lly ...
In t he picture I can see ... Givi ng examples
Th e picture shows ...
For exam ple, ... / For in stance, ...
They look (tired).
To give yo u a n idea, ...
She see ms / appears to be (happy) ...
One exam ple of this is ...
On th e right / left th ere is ...
Look at th e case of ...
At the top / bottom th ere are ...
In th e top righ t-hand co rne r there see ms to be ... Su tn murising
In the foreground / backg round ... So wh at it co mes down to is ...
I think th ey represent .. . The point I'm tr ying to make is ...
Th e image reminds m e of / makes me think of ... Let m e just recap wh at's been said so far.
Th e setti ng is ... In short ...
Ta lking about sta tistics In other words ...
To sum up ...
Most ...
The vast ma jor ity of ... Ask ing for som eone's opi n ion
Nearl y ha lf / all (o f th e respondents) ... What do you think (of / abo ut ... )?
Less than half of . Have you considered .. . ?
Nea rly a third of .

SPEAKING BANK 129

What's yo ur view / opi n io n / take on .. . ? Other useful functions
Don 't yo u ag ree t hat ... ?
Responding to what someone has said
Expressing opinions Do you? / Are yo u? / Is it? (the ap pro p riate
I thin k (t hat) ... question ta g from the sta te ment)
In my view / opinion, .. . Th at's interesting.
I'm co nv inced / posi tiv e that .. . Really?
To my mind, ... I see.
Person ally, I thi nk .. . Oh , OK.
As I see it, .. .
Playing for time
From my po in t of view, .
As far as I'm concerned, . Let me see, ...
I don't th ink .. . Well, let m e think, ...
I don 't really know (if) .. Hrn, let me think about that for a m oment ...
I'm n ot sure (abo ut / if) .. I'll have to think ab out it.
I don't have a stron g / definite opinion abo ut that. How sh all / can I put it?
What's the wor d for it ?
Agreeing / Accep ti ng the other person 's viewpoint
Asking for clarification / Saying you don 't
Yes, I agree (with you).
understand
I co m p letely ag ree .
I co uldn 't agree wit h yo u more. Pardon?
Th at's exactly wha t I think. Sorry?
My po in t exac tly. Sorry, I didn't quite catc h that .
I know. Sorry, I mi ssed that .
I can go along wit h that . Do you m ean .. . ?
(I thi n k) yo u 're righ t. Does t h is m ean ... ?
Righ t. / That's right. Ca n you say it / that again, please?
True. / Th at's true. Would yo u mind rep eating that , please?
Abso lutely. Co uld yo u repeat t ha t more slow ly, please?
Exactly! Co uld you spell that, please?
I su ppose so.
Disagreeing
Yes / True, but ...
I'm afraid I di sagree / can't agree wit h you .
I take / see yo u r point, bu t .
I see wh at yo u m ean, bu t .
I'm not sure ab out t h at.
I'm not sure that 's true / cor rect / right.
I'm not sure I can acce pt that.
I ag ree to so me ex te nt, but ...
Th ere mi ght be so me truth in th at, bu t ...
I can't agree / go along with that .
I d isagree.
I do n't see why / h ow.
You m ust be jokin g!
Sure ly yo u don 't t h in k that .. .
Actually, .. .

130 SPEAKING BA NK
Email

The com pute r includes yo ur
email address and the date
auto matically.
Write the email address of the
person you' re w riting to .
Write the address of the people
you would like to send a copy of
the letter to.
Choose a subject.
Write the message like a short
informal lett er or a personal
not e.
.. e
III
From: " d an iel.hugh es @m ail st ar.com Sent: 21 /07/06
o--t---t<I*--. - k_schneid er @ma yersoft. at
Cc: ank e76 5 @f re ipost.net
le':! M y v is it
Hi ~n
d;;';~~u r m essag e a bo ut t he weat he r. I'll m ake su re I pack m y
umbrella !
M y fl ight is arr ivin g in Vie n na t om orro w at 15.35, th en I' ll t ake a
bu s from th e airport to the ce ntre . I'll gi v e y o u a ring f ro m th e
hotel wh en I g et th ere. Ho w about m eetin g up lat er for dinn er?
If Ank e arri v es from St uttg a rt, pe rha ps she co u ld joi n u s, t o o .
It will be great to see yo u aga in soo n !

Tak e ca re,

Dani el

Postcard

W rite th e nam e an d add ress of

~
t he person you're writin g to. 2:3r~/y
~e"r "l'lA....~ Do.d
Pu t the date at the top. (You
can leave this out.) :r '.... k"Vi1<(J" " -t"1<t~i ...... i1<
A'lAstri" . The we"tker's (}re"t:L:o~
/ s'lA1<ski1<e "1<,1 1<0 ",i1<. "l/y kote.i's
Write Dear and the name of the
pe rson yo u' re w riting to.

W rite your message . Use sho rt

I B'lAit e co....-tort"b.l.e, too.
We've ".l.re"d/y visited Scko1<br'lA1<1<
c." st.!.e . :r t 's be"'lAti-t'lA.l. 1 NeXt weeKe1<d
we're p.I."1<1<i1<(} to (}Oto S".l.t;b'lAr!j" :r '....
"lr "1<,1 "lrS P H'lA(}keS

3 4- c."r.!.to1< c.o'lArt
form s (I 'll, it's, we're) and short "l,,/y! ie.id Ro"d
sentences. re".I..I.)\ e1<j"/ji1<(J" ..../Yse.i-t, b'lAt .r :tor(J"ot
to P'lAf 01< S'lA1<Cre" .... "1<,1 1<OW :r tki1<X Br isto.l.
Finish with a friendly phrase: ~e (}ot s'lA1<b'lAr1< !
BSi. 3QA
See you soon,
Wish you were here! Wish lJ01A were. k ere!
1AK
(Lots of) Love, (to family
members and close friends)
L.ots o-t .l.ove,
Best wishes, D"1<ie.l.
7/
Sign yo ur nam e. First nam e is
usually enough.

WRITING BANK 131

Informal letter
Put your address in the to p right
corner. We often leave this out,
Wri te the date.
Start with Deaf and the nam e of
the person you're w riting to.
If you 're w riting a reply, thank
the person for the ir lett er or
anyt hing else t hey sent you,
Use inform al language to w rite
yo ur lette r.
Finish with a friendly expression:
(Lots of) Love, (t o family and
close friends)
Take care, (to fri ends)
Best wishes,
All the best,
Sign your name. First name is
usually enough. Close friends
sometimes put XXX (= 'kisses')
at th e end of t heir lett er.
132 WRIT ING BANK
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We..stblXk1tlko-t) IX1tlO i-t lj01A (}ive. I'1'.. ljo1Ar e. l1\.lXi lXoore.ss) I ct\1tl se.1-tO
Jr01A tke fi"K to tke ir website.
let "'" KMW wk"t Jr01A tki"K! :r:t w01Afd be (}re"t t o see Jr01A
"(}"i", ""d :r: co1Afd skow Jr01A "if tke be"1Ati-l'1Af tki,,(}s i" ....Jr
kOl1\.e.tow1tl .
Write. S0011 .
MORE USEFUL PHRASES :
Thanks far your letter.
It was great to hear from you.
I'm sorry I haven't written for ages / for so long.
It was a nice surprise to hear from you / to receive yourletter.
Write soon.
Keep in touch.
Give my regards / love to your parents / Anke.
Regards,
All the best,
(Lots of) Love,
leaflet

Choose a title to attract

attention .
-{Share your car
and save the planet!
Write your message in short, Millions commute to work each day by car.
effective sentences.
Most people trave l alone in t heir cars .
Cars on the road cause traffic jams and pollute the air.

Reduce the number of car s on th e road by setting up

car-sharing schemes at work.
When four of you share a car, t hat makes three cars that
Use con vincing arguments. stay in the garage !

If you take turns driving, you ca n even reduce your level of

stress!

Contact Ci aire Harris for an information pack:

Write you r contact details if you 45 Ch arlotte Street
want peopl e to get in to uch. Bristol BS2 6ZX
phon e: 07986 135246

Invitation
@) ~ @)

Choose a title to g ive

information about th e eve nt.
~

~ - ~aL.L.OW~~N
~ ...... ~
~
~ ~
~ ~
~
~ paR.-f.Y! ~
~
~ ~
'--- ~ ~
PLEASE COME TO A fANTASTic fANCy-dRESS pARTy ANd
Include all the key information :
date, time and place.
~
~
--- cElEbRATE HAllOWEEN
...... SATURdAy 28
wirh
OCTobER

FROM 7.l0 !'.M.

us ON

~
~
~ ~ ~
Also say :
- if the re is a dress code (do AT ThE STudENT CLub (44 ST MichAEL's Hill, BRiSTOL).
peo ple have to wear certain
~1-----.... AdMissiON
fANCy dRESS o!,TioNAL, bUT RECOMMENdEd. ~
~ ~
clothes?)
FREE, bUT bRiNG SOME Food ANd dRiNk .
- if t he g uests need to bring
anythi ng
~ Hope to see you there: ~
- if th ere is a charge (do peopl e
~ ~
~ ~
have to pay to enter?)
DANiEl ANd CLAiRE

Ask peopl e to reply if it's <----

~ (CLAiRE HARRis, ChARLOTTE
~
RSVP
~
~~ ~~
necessary. You can use RSVP 4~ STREET, BRiSTOL BS2 6ZX,
(= 'please rep ly', fro m th e !,hONE: 07986 1 H246)
French repondez s'it vous plait)
@ ) ~@)

WRITING BANK 133

Formal letter 1 (information request)

Put your address in the top

corner.

6, Esterhazygasse 19
A-l060Wien Write the date.
Austria
Put the following information
30 June 2006 below the date:
- the full name (and title) of the
Jessica Campbell
person you're writing to (if
Information Office you know)
English Language Academy - the department within thei r
99 Downs Road company
Bristol BS6 OYW - the name and address of the
company
Dear Ms Campbell,
If you don't know the name of
~ the person, start with:
I am writing w ith regard tb-t~tensive English summer
Deor Sir (if you know it's a man)
courses that you offer. I would be-very grateful if you could
Dear Madam (if you know it's a
send me some detailed information ;Bout~ courses that woman)
will be held in your school in Bristo l this summer as well as Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Siror
what kind of accommodation you provide.
/
Madam.

I am 18 years old and I have been learning English in If you know the name of the
Austria for seven years now. My written English is quite person, start with Dear and

I
good but I would like to improve my speaking skills. Do you write their title and surname .

have any courses for teenagers which offer a lot of speaking

practice in small groups? As I am a student I would be Explain your reason for writing.
int erest ed in details of any d iscounts that are ava ilable, and
the full pr ice of the course including accommodation . Write more relevant details.

I look forward to receiving your reply. Suggest or request action if

appropriate.
Yours sincerely
Finish with a polite expression, t---

such as:
Looking forward to hearing from
you soon.
Karin Schneider
Write:
Yours sincerely (if you addressed
the person by name)
Yours faithfully (if you didn't).

Sign and print your full name.

/
MORE USEFUL PHRASES :
I am writing to enquire about ...
Could you pleose send me furt her information! details abou t ... ?
I would be very interested in finding out more about .. .

134 WRITING BANK

 Formal letter 2 (complaint)

96 Russell St r e e t
Hen l eaze
Bri stol

-
BS4 lAB
Customer Service Dept .
Cheap-O Stores Ltd . 10 September 2006
52 Stroud Road
Gloucester
GL2 aLO

Dear Sir or Madam

~

I am writing to complain about the goods and service i n one

of your supermarkets .

La s t Saturday, I visit e d my local Chea p-O Supermarket i n

Bris to l to buy g r o c e r ies, wh i ch y o u adver ti s ed a s b eing

/ e x t r e me l y good value . Howe v e r , most p roducts we r e bei ng sold

at a price much higher than i n other shops, a nd when I got
home, I also found out that nearly all the dairy products I
had bought were past their sell-by dates . I think overpriced
food that has gone off is anything but good value .

When I r e t u r ned to t he s hop to make a compla i nt , I was told

that the dai ry she lve s ha d bee n che c ked that morn i ng and
that a ll the products were fre sh . They also cla imed I had
bought the products in a different shop, and refused to give
me a refund .

I am very disappointed, and expect you to take some action

immediatel y. I am enclos ing a c opy of the rec eipt for my
pur c ha ses, fo r whi c h I am e x pec t i ng a fu l l r e fund . If I do
not hear from you with i n 14 days, I will contact the Fo o d
Standards Agency with my complaint .

I look forward to hearing from you soon .

Yours faithfully
....-'"

Doy;S Staple-toVl
~
/ Doris Stapleton (Mrs)

MORE USEFUL PHRASES:

I am writing to complain about ...
I want to express my strong dissatisfaction with ...
I demand a full refund .
I expect you to send me a replacement.
I would be grateful if you could send me a refund / replacement.

WRITING BANK 135

Formal letter 3 (job application cover letter)

A cover letter is often written in reply to a job advertisement. Put yo ur address in th e to p

corner.

Write th e date.

Wanted: Zoo Guides Wr ite the name, compa ny

details and add ress of the
idea l summer job for stu de n ts person you're writing to (see
Ju ly and August, part-time (15 hours/week), ISO/wee k Formal letters 1 and 2).
so me weeke nd work required
job involves gu lding walking tours around Bristol Zoo, You can write a subject. If there
atte ndi ng Visito r Information Points, distributing leaflets is a reference number, write this,
too .
goo d co m m u n ication and people skills, goo d level of a
spo ken fore ign language required
Write Dear and the title and
training provided , but some experience with anima ls is an surname of the person you're
advan tage writ ing to. If you don 't know
the name of the perso n, you
Apply (with CV) to : can write:
Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Sir or
Michael Cross ley Madam or To whom it may
HR Manager concern:
Bristol Zoo
1'.0 . Box 100
In th e first paragraph, refer to
Bristol BS99 I I'll th e advertisement and say why
Referenc e number: ZG/ P-07.06 you are writing.

In the next paragraph, give

information about your interest
and availability.

Say what experience and skills

yo u've go t. You have to
persuade the reader that you're
the best person for the job !

Add any other relevant

information.

Finish with a polite expression,

such as:
I hope you will consider my
application.
I look forward to hearing from
you soon.
:/
Write Yours sincerely (if you
addressed the person by name)
or Yours faithfully (if you didn' t).

Sign and print your full name.

I

136 WRITING BANK

 45 Charlotte Street
Bristol
BS2 6ZX

16 June 2006
Mr Michael Crossley
Hum an Resources Man ager
Bristo l Zoo
I'.O.Box lOO
BS99 II'B

Ap p lica t io n for the position of Zoo Guide

Ref. No . ZG/P-07.06

Dear Mr Crossley
I h ave seen yo ur ad vertise me n t in the May issue of Ci ty Life ma gazin e, and I
wo uld like to ap ply for the part-time position of Zoo Guide.
I am 18 years old, and h ave rece ntly co mpleted my A-leve ls in French, Biology
and Social Studies. I hope to stu dy Zoology at Reading Uni versity from
September, and I am curre ntly looking for a su m me r job before my course starts .
I would be able to sta rt work from 17 Ju ly and will be avai lable until th e en d of
Augu st.
I have gained valuable experience of working wit h an imals at my paren ts' farm
in Gloucestershire, whe re I grew up, and in my last two years I h ave been
studying Biology quite extens ively in preparation for my A-level exa minations. I
a lso en joy wor king with people, and I ha d th e responsibility of dealing with
custome rs in my part-tim e job last sum me r as a Box Office Assista nt at th e
Natural Histor y Museum in London. I have a good co m mand of French, both in
writi ng an d speak ing, and I also speak some Spanish . I am enc losing my CV with
details of my p revious education and work experie nce.
I believe I wo uld be a useful member of your team at the Bristo l Zoo, and I hop e
you will consider my app lication for th e posi tio n.
I look forwa rd to h earing from you soo n.
Yours sincerely,

Claire Harri s

MORE USEFUL PHRASES:

I am writing in response to / with regard to your advertisement which appeared
in the ... issue of .. .
I would like to apply for the position! the post of .. .
I would be grateful if you would cansider my application.
I hope you will be able to consider me for the position of ._.

WRITING BANK 137

Discursive essay (on a given topic) I Student magazine article

If you're given a topic to w rite

about, read the instructions or
notes carefully to make sure you
understand what you need to
do.
Before you write your essay or
....-...-.. .
art icle, take notes of the key
points you w ant to make. Make
sure you w rite something about
each of the points in the
instructions.
Write 220-280 w ords on the follow ing subject:
Teleoision channels are becoming more and more specialised. There are
channels catering fo r a wide rallge of differellt viewers. This is challgillg
the role tcleoision plays ill our lives.
Include th e foll owing p oints:
the background to this change (what made it p ossible?)
the ro le TV played twenty year s ago
.r:
the ro le of TV today
your personal view s on th e subject.
a su itable title for y ou r essay.

Always think about your

audience. (Who's going to read
your writing?)
Make a general statement to
introduce you r topic at the start.
Write a paragraph about each of
the required points.
Use examples to illustrate th e
points you are making.
Use linking words to con nect
your sentences and your
paragraphs.
If you're asked to include your
opinion, don 't use infor ma l
expressions to express it.
If there is a wo rd lim it, check
that you have written the
required amount.
Television: still the centre of our lives?
Nowadays, te levisio n is becoming increasingly specialised ,
~ each channe l offeri ng differe nt experiences fo r different
v iewe rs. There are channels ded icated to sports, to coo kery, o r
to f il m s, to give a few examples.
The deve lopment of sate llite tec hno logy in the 1980s and
digita l broadcasting in the late 1990s increased the number of
te lev is ion channe ls, which is now no lo nger rest ricted by the
capacity of trad it iona l TV aeria ls. But t hi s increase in cho ice has
also made our expe rience of watch ing te levision diffe rent fro m
w hat it was like before.
Twe nty yea rs ago , mostTV sets could on ly rece ive a small
num ber of channels. Thi s also meant t hat peop le were
watching the same thi ngs, and eve nts in popular programmes
often became the central to pi c of co nve rsations . For examp le,
w hen th e characte r of JR Ewi ng was shot in an ep isode of the
popula r soap opera Dallas, many peop le spent the following
day disc uss ing their theories about the identity of his attacke r.
~ Today, people can choose wh ichever channe l shows
"" programmes abo ut t heir favourite subjects . One per son m ig ht
wa tc h a footba ll game, but ot he rs spend the sam e eve ning
wa tching a f ilm or pop music videos. Apart from ma jo r eve nts
t hat attract a globa l audience, like t he Olymp ic Games, there
are few th ings on TV that cap ture the public im agi nat io n t he
same way t hey did in the past.
But I be lieve having the freedom to w atch w hat we want, when
we want to , is worth the pr ice of losing a shared topic for
conversations .

Re-read your finished essay or

article to check tor mistakes.

MORE USEFUL PHRASES:

Furthermore, ... For one thing, .
In addition to this, ... For example, .
A further (negative / positive) aspect of this is ... For instance, .
Such as ...
On the one hand, ...

138 WRITING BA NK
Argumentative essay (for/against a statement)

Read the instructions carefully

Write an essay of 200-250 words for or against the and make sure you understand
following statement: what you need to write.
Shoppillg celltres have improved the way we shop.

Write the title of your essay.

The way we shop Make a general statement to

introduce the topic.
Shopping centres have chang ed the way we shop - but is
this really an improvement?
Write about the advantages and
One positive aspect of shopping centres is conve nience: we disadvantages or the arguments
can find everything from groce ries to electron ics, from for and against in separate
cosmetics to clothes, under the same roof. paragraphs.

Furthermore, shopping centres offer entertainment facilities,

like cinemas or bowling alleys, with an enormous range of .-- -f-- Use a new paragraph to
introduce each new topic.
things to buy and to do.
In addition to this, they are places where you can meet
Support your main ideas with
people and socialise in cafes and restaurants. They have arguments.
become the focus of socia l life for many teenagers.
However, sma lle r loca l shops which used to offer a f riendli er, Use linking words and discourse
more personal service are closing down because they cannot markers.
keep up with the competition .
The same thing is happening to local cinemas, and
sometim es even bars and restaurants. In fact, we are losing
places that were once im po rtant in our lives.
Another disadvantage of shopping centres is that they offer
bland, uniform products all ove r t he wo rld - loca l character
is disappearing . In orde r to supply a large numbe r of
customers efficiently, mass-produced goods replace Summarise you r arguments at
custo m -ma de products. the end of your essay.
To summarise, on the one hand, they offer a more
comfortable shopping experience, but on the other hand, You should include your own
they make us all the same: customers in a commercialised opinion, but don't use informal
world where the most important things are things you expressions.

can buy.
Check that you have written the
In my view, shopping cent res are useful, but we shou ld not
requ ired num ber of wo rds.
allow them to change t he wo rld we live in.

In contrast, ... As far as I'm concerned, ... To sum up, .. .

However, ... In my view / opinion, .. . To summarise, .
In fact, . My view / opinion is that ... In conclusion, .
Actu ally, .
On the other hand, ...

WRITING BANK 139

Book review
Always think about your
audience. (Who are you writing
for? Who's go ing to read your
review?)
..-_~
P'
Introduce the book you're
writing about. Give the title,
and the author, and any other
relevant background
information.
Summarise the plot without
getting into too much detail.
(What happens in the book?)
Focus only on the most
important things that you liked
or didn 't like about the book.
Use examples to illustrate the
points you are making.
Summa rise what you think
about the book.
If you liked the book,
recommend it for others to
read, and give a reason w hy you
th ink they should read it.
If there is a word limit, check
that you have written the
req uired amou nt.
Re-read your finished review to
check for mistakes.
140 W RITIN G BAN K
Ender's Game
One of my favourite books of all time is End er 's
Game by the American author Orson Scott Card. It is
t he f irst novel in a series of books wh ich all take
p lace in the same im ag inary universe.
End er s Game is a science fiction story about a
ta len ted boy, Ender, who is t aken to a mi litary
tra in ing school at a very ear ly age . End er spends h is
days tra ini ng and pract isi ng, but he is never told
about the purpose of his p reparation . After a difficult
start, he starts enjoying his train ing, and soon
becomes t he best among h is fe llow trainees . What
he does not real ise is that he is being prepared for
war aga inst an al ien race .
T he sto ry is written from the boy's perspective, who
cannot quite understand what is happening around
him .T he reader identifies with the protagon ist, and
when the f ina l twist comes (wh ich I do not want t o
give away), we live t h ro ugh the shock of it together
w ith Ender.
The book raises important questions of inno cence,
adu lts' respo ns ib il it ies towards chi ldren and about
the nature of specia l talent.
Card 's powerful story-te ll ing makes Ender 's Game a
real page-turner, and I pe rsona lly found it very
difficu lt to put down.
A n all-t ime science fiction classic, which I wou ld
definitely recommend to fans of the genre.
 1 Family life grandmother l 'g m:nm Ao a(r)1
grandpa (informal) l' gr", npa:1
run away (fro m h o me) IrAn a'wer/
se t an ex ampl e I,set ;ln tq'zn.m pl/
Stages in life grandparents (1'1) I'gr",npe, r, nlsl split up (Wit h sb) /spht 'Al'l
grann y (info rmat; I'gr"'nil st a rt a famil y I,sto:t J 'frem cli/
adolescence /,.edJ' lesnsl hal f b rother I'ha:f b"o, (r)1
adolescent 1,<cd d'lcs ntl h alf sister I'ha:f slsto(r)1 Family history
ad u lt l'",dAlt! husband "hxzbond/
ad u lt hood 1" edAltltodl ancestors (pi) "amsestcz/
husband -to-be l ,h Azb;md tJ 'bi:1
age grou p /' c1d3 gr u:p/ descendants (1'1) /dr'scndants/
in-la ws (pI ) I'mb "}
at the a ge o f fa m ily histo ry l ,fi.c m;)li 'hrs tri/
m other I' m AoJ(r )1
(eigh teen) 1' 1 oi 'cld3 ovl famil y tree l ,fa:mJ li 't ri:1
mot h er-in -la w l ' m Ao::>(r )m ,b :1
baby "berbi/ forebears (1'1) l'fo:be, 71
mum (A mE m om ) (informal) /m xm/
be born Ibi 'bo-n/ genealogist Id 3i:n i'a:IJd 3ISt/
m ummy (info rmal) "mxmi/
birth Ib3:01 neph ew /' nefju:1 genealogy Id3i:ni'",I,d3il
child ItJaIldl origi n s (p i) /' o n d3mzl
niece Ini:sl
ki d (inforll/ol ) /k td/ pas t /pc .st/
nuclea r fa m ily I,nj u:klid 'fern oli/
childhood " tj a ndho d/ trace bac k /t rcrs 'be k/
a n onl y c h il d /an .acnli 'tj arld/
d eath IdeOI parents (1") " pearants/ Daily routine
die /da t/ partner l 'pa:l n, (r )1
eld e rly (person) l' eld, lil relative "relcuv / babysit "berbisrt/
gen e ra tio n /dgena'rerj n/ sist er l 'slstJ(r)1 bring u p (ch ild ren) /bn n 'Al'l
g row up /qrao '" pi sister-in -la w l 's rstJ (r)m ,b :1 brush (one's) teeth IbrAJ 'li:OI
grown-up (inforll/ol) "q rco nxp (n)1 son ISAnl (do mes tic I h o useh old ) chores
marriage /' ma:n d ;yl so n-in-law l ' sAnm ,b :1 I IJo:zI
mi d d le age 1,lTI ld l 'cld31 sp ou se (forma l) Ispaosl clean Ik li:nl
middle-aged (pe rso n) I,mldl 'erd gd/ st e pd a ugh t er "stcpdon cm/ cle ar up Ik h, (r ) 'xp/
OAP (BrE) (Old Age Pensioner) 1'0 st ep fa t her /' stepfa:o, (r)1 com m u te /ka'mj urt/
Cl 'p i:! st epmother l'stepmAoo(r)1 d o housework Id u: 'hao swa.k/
old age /ao ld 'eldy st epson "ste psx n/ d o ". Idu:1
p ensioner I' pcnI J l1d(r)! triplets I'ln pl, lsI th e co oking 1<), 'k ok uj /
teenager /'ti:ncld3J (r)/ twi ns Itw mzJ th e dusting 10;) 'd ASt ll)l
toddler l 'todl, (r)1 u n cle l 'AQk ll the ir oning l o i 'atanuj /
yo u t h Ij u:OI wife Iw mfl t h e shopping 10' 'JopIQI
wife-to-be I,WaIft d'bi:1 t he w ashing 10, 'w nj uj/
People in your life the washing-up 10;) ,WOJII]'Apl
Relationships get d ressed Ig et 'drestl
acq ua in ta n ce /a'k wemtans/
ad o pted /a'd np trd/ be m arried (to sb) Ib i 'me nd/ get ready (for bed I schoo l) /qet
a d o ptio n /a'd npj n/ 'r edi/
be e xp ecti n g (a chil d) Ibi
a u n t lo:ntl tk's pektuj /
ge t up Iget 'Al'l
best frie nd /best 'fren d/ go .,. Ig, ol
be p regna n t I bi 'preqnont/
bo y fri e nd "borfrend/ to bed (ea riy I lat e) 110 'bed/
be a rol e model Ibi J 'raol mod ll
b roth e r l 'brAo, (r)1 to sc hool It, 'sku:1I
be single Ibi 'snjq l/
ch il d re n (1") l'IJIldr, nl to the o ffi ce It;) o i 'of ISI
break up (Wi th sb) /brerk 'Al'l
close friend /klaos 'frend! to w ork ItJ 'wa.k/
circle of frie nds I,S3:kl JV 'frend zl
co u p le I' kApl/ go out /qao 'a o t/
fall out (wit h sb) Ifo:l 'aot!
cousi n I' kxzn/ have (A II/E take) a bath /ha v 0
generation gap /d geno'rerj n ,g a:pl
d ad (into rmat; Id"'dl 'ba:SI
get divorced Iget dr'vo.st/
daddy (info llnll l) I'd",dil h a ve ... / htev/
get engaged Igel m'qetdgd/
daughter l' do:l o(r )1 a mea l IJ 'm i:1I
ge t m arried (to sb) Igel 'mrertd/
daughter-ill-l aw l'dJ:tJ(r)m,b :/ brea kfast "brekfcst/
get o n w ell (with sb) Igel on 'well
divo rced /d r'v ccst/ lunch I IAntJI
go out (With sb) /qao 'aot/
e x -husband /eks'h azband/ tea It i:1
h a ve a n a rgu men t / a
ex-w ife dinner l 'd mJ(r )1
/eks'wa if/ di sagreement I a row (Wit h sb)
famil y m ember I' fa~m J l i membat r j/ su pper I'SA po(r )1
l ,hOEV an 'u tqj uman t J drsa'qrirmant ;;I
father I'fa:oo(r)/ 'rao/
h ave (AII/E ta ke) a shower /he v 0
father-In-law l 'fo :o ;;l(r)m ,b :1 'Jao, (r)1
ha ve a c h il d 1,It", v , 'tjatld/
fiance /fi'n nser/ have a re st /htev o 'rest/
make up (with sb) /merk 'Apl
fiancee /tl'onser/ li e down /lar 'd a u nl
marri ed co u p le 1,I11 ccn d 'kxpl/
foster children /Tosta .tj tldran/ li e in / Ia t ' 101
(close I d istant) relation /rt'Ietjn/
foster parents /Tcsto .pearants/ look afte r (ch ildren ) Ilok 'o:fl, (r)1
relationship /rt'Ierj nj rp/
girlfrie n d l'g3:lfrendl (ma ke / prepare) meals I mi:lzI
marry (sb) "me riz
gra ndchildren (PI) "qrren tj rldran/ (h ave a I take a) n ap /nrep/
(start a I have a I en d a)
gra n d d ad (i nt onnol) I'gncnd"'dl provid e (for t he fam ily) /pra'va td/
relatio ns h ip (Wit h sb)
grandfath er l 'gr", nfa:o, (r )1 put o n (clot hes) Ipot 'onl
/rr'Ierj nj tp/
gra ndm a (inform al) I' g m:n m o:1 ra ise (ch ildren) Irelzl

Words i n blue suggested f or the Higher level W ORD BANK 141

run t he home l,fAn 0;1 'h ae m/
set off I set 'ofl
2 People and have a good figure I ,ha:v a gud
'flg,(r)1
sh a re the chores (wit h sb) I Je, I), society obese /a' bi rs/
overweight IJovJ 'wenl
'tIo:zI
stay up late I,stel Ap 'len/ Personal information (have a) paunch I pJ:ntII
take (the ch ild ren to school /the plump / plam p/
ag e leldy sk in ny i inton nat, I'skmil
dog for a walk ) Itetk!
take ca re (o f ch ild ren) /terk 'ke, (r)1 citizen I'sltIz nl sli m Ishm!
take turns (to do housework) /t erk citizenship "stttznj rp/ stoc ky I'stoki!
dat e of birth I ,delt , v 'b3:01 thin 10101
'ta mz/
travel (to schoo l /to wo rk) "tra vl/ female ((ormal ) I'fi:merll we ll-b u ilt "welbtlt/
ge n der (fo rma l) I'd3cnd, (r)1 hair
va cuum "ve kj uorn/
wake up /werk 'Apl job Id30bl bald Ib oldl
occupation (ormal ) / nkj a'pctj n/ blonde (A III E blond ) Iblondl
walk (to schoo l / to wo rk) Iwo:kl
male (t iJr/na/) /metl/ fair Ifc;'l(r)1
Special days man / (pI) men limen 1 mcnl curly 1'k3:li l
nationality ImeJ' na:b til dark Ido :kl
anniversary /ee nt'v arsari/ people (PI) I' pi:pl/ d yed /da td/
hest m an /best 'ma-n/ person f' p3:snl fin e /fa m/
birthda y ca ke "bs. udc r kerk/ place of birth l,plelS ' v ' h3:01 ginge r I' d 3m d 3~( r )1
bonfire I'bonfal, (r)1 profession /pra'fej n/ g rey Igrel I
Bonfire Night (BrE) "bnnfata na n/ sex (onnal) Iseks/ fringe Ifrmdy
b ouquet /b u'kcr/ woman I (pi) women f' w O I11~ n I h ave a h aircut I,ha:v ;) 'hcokxt/
bride /brard/ 'w tm m/
hi ghlights (PI) I'haJlansl
bridesmaid "brardzmerd/ long ~ o Q I
ca n d le I' k",ndll Marital status
m edium-length 1' l11 i : d i ~m. l e I) O!
(Ch rist mas / birthday) ca rd Iko :dl natural I'nx tJrJl1
ce leb ra te (a b irt hday) "selabrett/ divorced /d r'varst/
marital status " mrernl .stcttas/ parting I' po:tll)l
(h ave a) celeb ratio n /selo'brerj n/ red Iredl
married "me nd/
cerem o n y "seramani/ plaits (1'1) Ipl"" SI
separated "separertrd/
christening "k rtsn uj / pony-tail "paonitetl/
single I'sll)gll
Ch rist m as "krrsmas/ short II J:ll
unmarried IAn'01 x n dl
Ch rist m as Eve l,kns mJs ' i:vl shoulder-length n , old', 1eQOI
widow "wtdao/
c h u rc h ItI 3:tI I spiky "sparki/
widower f' wld ~ u d ( r )1
decorate (the Ch rist ma s t ree) straight /strcn/
f'dekJrenl Descril:!ing people thick 10,k!
dress up / dress up as Id res 'A P I thin l OIn!
dres 'AP ~zl appearance wavy I'welvi!
Easte r l' i:sto(l)1 attractive /a'trtek t rv/ white Iwalt!
e n joy (o n eself) Im'd3Jr/ beautiful I'bju:t1W face
famil y gathering l,f",m, li 'g", l), rIQI good-looking I'godloklQI beard I'blod/
festival f' fesu vU elegant I'elog, nt! birthmark "ba.Bmo rk/
funeral f' fju:nJfJU handsome "he nsarrv black / white bl ek I wan/
get-together I'gelt' gel), (r)1 pretty I'prni/ bush y eyeb ro ws l ,bo I i 'a tbraoz/
(b ride) gro o m Igru :m/ scruffy I'skrAfil ch ee kbo nes I' tIi:kb, onzl
Halloween /helco' im / ugly I'Agli/ clea n -sh aven "klim.j ervn/
have a good time I, h a~ v d god unattractive IAnJ' trce ktlvl (clea r / good / h ealth y)
'ta irn/ age complexion /kam'plc kj n/
have fun /h ev 'fA nl adolescent /azd c'lesnt/ dark (skin / co m plex io n) Ido:kl
honeymoon "hxn imu m/ elderly "eldali/ distinguishing features ((orlllal )
light (a ca n d le / spa rklers / a in (h is / h er) early twenties 110 IdIS,liQgWIIIQ 'firtjaz/
bonfire) /la It! 3:li 'twenttz/ facial features I'felII ,fi:tI'zI
look forward to (st h) Ilok 'forwod in (h is / her) late forti es 110 lcn fair (skin / co mplexio n ) Ife, (r )1
t, 1 'Ix uz/ freckles I'freklzl
m aid of honour I,meld JV ' on ~( r)1 in (h is / her) mid-thirties 110 goatee IgJo 'ti:!
Nati o n al Holida y /nrejnl 'hnlcdet/ m id 'OJ:nzl m oustache /mc'sturj/
New Year's Day I nj u: j taz 'del! middle-aged /rmdl 'erdgd/ (poi n te d / flat / snub) nose
New Year's Eve Inj u: jraz 'i :vl young Ij AQI In ~ u zl
(give get) presents I'preznts/ height p al e (skin / co m p lexio n) I pcJlI
registry office f' red3lstri ofIs! average height l , rev~m d 3 'halt! sca r Isko :(r )1
sparklers "spotklaz/ medium height /'rui.diam halt! side b urns "sardbainz/
Thanksgiving (A m E) 1'0"' QksglvlQI short II J:t! tanned (skin / complexio n)
wedding I' wed lQI tall Ito:l/ /ncnd/
wedding reception "w ednj n .sepj n/ build tattoo It <e't u:1
(b ride 's / bridegroom 's) witness athletic l<eO'lelikl wear glasses I sp ect acl es Iwea
z'wnncs chubby l 'tI Abil 'q lu.s rz I 'spektaklz/
c h u n k y tin fonnat) l 'tI AQk il wrinkles "rnj klz/
fat If", tl
fit Ifltl

142 WORD BANK Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
Body Descr ib ing personality m essy I' rncsil
modest " modrst/
hod y parts adven t uro us /ad'ventjcras/ narrow-minded z.mcrao 'mamd rd/
a rm j' o:ml agg ressive /c'q rcstv/ nast y I' no:st il
ha ck "brek/ a m h it io n /rcm'b tj n/ neat Ini:tl
bottom /'botml amhitious /zem'b tj cs/ nice 10:.1IsI
brea st I' brestl amusing 1:'l'mj u:zll)/ obedient /o'bkdiom/
ca lf I' ko :fl a rro ga n t l' a: r~ Jn tl o pe n I'J o pn!
c h ec k I' tJi:kl bad-tempered I' boed ,lempodl outgoing l' <l o tgJ UII)I
c hest l ' tJestl biased " ba rest/ personality /parsan'a ilati/
ch in I'tJml boastful " baostfol/ pl easant I' plczntl
ea r l ' I:>( r )! boring l ' bJ:n l)l polite / pa'l a rt/
elbo w "elboo/ hos sy (il/(orllla/ ) I' bosil quiet I' kwa l:'lt/
ey e I'al! bra ve /b rcrv/ rea sonable r' ri.znobl/
eyeb row I'albraol b rig h t /bnut/ rebellious /rt'beljas/
ey e la sh l' ail;eJI broad-m inded /brord'm amdrd/ rel a xed /n' hekst/
finger !'fIDgo(r)1 ca lm I ko:m! reli abl e /rr'larabl/
fing ern ail 1'f1 1)9:lnelll candid I' k<endldl reserved /rt'zarvd/
fist !'f,stl carefree "keofrir/ re sp onsible /rt'sponsabl/
foot (1'1 feet ) !'fotl ca re less I' k e~ I J sJ rude l ru :dl
fore hea d I' fo:bedl c h a rac t e rist ics (pI) /krerrktc'r tstrks/ ruthless I' ru:Ob sl
h an d /' h<endl c ha rm in g I' tJo:m ll)/ se lf-assu re d l ,selfo'Joodl
h ea d I' bedl c h a tterbo x (intormat; I' tJ'etoboksl self-centred l,seIrsent:xJ1
h eel I' hi:11 ch a tty I' tJ;et il self-co n fiden t l,seIr k onfldJ ntl
hip 1'1111'1 c h ee rfu l I' tJlofil self-conscious l ,se lr konJJsl
ja w l 'd30:1 clever I' k levo(r )1 selfish I'selflJI
knee I'ni:! conceited /kon's imd/ se lfless "selflas/
leg I'legl c rue l "krural/ se nse of hum our I,sens av
lips (1'1) I'hps! d ependable /dt'p endabl/ 'hju:mo(r)1
lower hack "lcoo 'b.ek/ determined /dt't aimmd/ sensible "sensabl/
midriff "nu d n f/ dishonest /drs'omst/ sho rt -tempered IJo:t 'tempodl
mouth j ' m a o OI di sloyal /d rs'Iaral/ shy /jat/
ne ck I'nekl dull Id,,11 sociab le I' s, oJ, bll
nose I ' n;m z) easy-goin g l i:zi'g;)o ll)l strict Istn ktl
palm (o f hand ) I'po:m! eg oist (noun) l' eg Jo lstl strong-willed /strmj'wrld/
shoulder I' Joo ldo(r )1 ex t rove rt /'c kstrcvan/ stu bbo rn I' s t A b~ nl
sk in I'sk m l fair Ifeo(r)/ sweet Isw i:tl
stomach I' slAITI;)kl frank Ifr;eDkl sympathetic /srmpa'Ueu k/
thigh /Oal/ friendl y l'frendlil ta ctful " tre ktfl/
throat 19r;lotl fu n ny I' fAnil tactl ess I' t a; k t l ~sl
t h u mb 10" m! ge n ero u s I' d 3e n ~r~s1 talkative I' t:>:kJu vl
t oe It ;:lol ge n tle /' d3entl/ te m pera men t "tempromant/
to n gu e / t AI)/ good-natured Igod 'neltJodl tidy I' tmdil
tooth (1'1 teeth) I tu:OI gullible I'g,\hbll tolerant I' t o l ~ rJn tl
tummy (i llfom w l) I'L\ mi/ hard-working "hctdwaiknj/ trait It renl
trunk Itr" Dkl h elpful I'helpfil trustworth y l 'trAstw3:o i!
w ai st /wclstl h onest l' onJstl t wo-fac ed I' t u:felstl
wrist Ifl st! h ypocritical /h tpa'k rtt tkl/ unfri endly /'\ n 'frendlil
in side the body idle (0rl/ U1 1) I'ald\! u n p leasa n t IAn 'pleznt/
artery I' o :t:>r il ill -mannered I' lIm..enod/ unreasonahl e IA n ' r i : zn ~b l l
backhon e "bekbao n/ immature IIrnJ 'toJ( r)1 unreliable IAlln 'l<tIJ bll
bone /bao n/ impartial IlIn 'pa :JII un scrupulous IAn'skru :pj J IJsl
co lla rbo n e "k nlabaun/ impatient /tm'perj nt/ unselfish !An'selfIJI
flesh lOeJI impolite /rmpa'lan/ va in Iveml
h eart Iho:t! in de pe n den t /mdt'pcndant/ take aft e r (o ne's father I m o th er I
kidn ey "k rd ni/ insecure Imsl'kj o J(r)1 gran d father) /terk 'o:fto(r)1
liv er I' hv;)(r)! intelligent /m't ehdgant/
lung 111\1)/ intolerant /m'tulo rant/ Things you wear
muscle l'm l\Sl! irresponsible /ms'pcnscbl/
nerve In3:v/ irritable "trttabl/ accessories /ak' sescri.z/
n er vous syst em I'n3:\';)$ srstam/ judgemental Id ;).\d3'mentll a nk let I'reDklot!
rib In bl just Id j.\ st! anorak I '<cn:m ck!
sho u lde r bl ade i'J ooldo bletd/ k in d Ik amdl b a g Ib ,egl
skeleton I'skelnnl la zy I' lclzil belt Ibeltl
sku ll Isk " l/ livel y "Ia tvli/ bl ouse Iblaoz!
spine /spatn/ lo yal 1'101011 boots Ibu:tsl
tendon I' tend:m! m ake an imp ressi on I,mclk :m bo xer sh o rt s (1'1) I' bokso Jo:ts!
vein IvemJ tm'prejn/ bra Ib ro :!
m ature I m ~ ' tj o :'l( r )1 b racelet I' b re l s l ~ tI
m ean Im i:nl briefcase I' bri:fkelsl

Words in blue suggested for the High er level W ORD BANK 143
butto n I'bAlnl
ca p I k,epl
ca rd iga n I' k a : d l g ~ nl
casua l (clot hes) 1'k<e3001l
c hange (clo t hes) I II emdy'
c hec ked (sh irt) /tj ekt/
(elega n t / sma rt ) clot hes (pi)
Iklooozl
coat / kau t/
collar I' k olo(r )1
corduroy I'L):dr.)1!
cotton I' kotnl
c uff Ik Afl
denim I'demml
dress Idrcsl
d ressi ng-gown "drcsnjquun/
fashio nable I'f<cI nobll
flat (shoes) m,et!
formal (clo t hes) I'fo:mll
get dress ed /qet 'dr est!
get u nd ressed Igct ...n'drestl
g lasses (PI) I'glu:slzI
g loves (1'1) Ig IAVzI
h an dbag (AmE pu rse) I 'h<cob<cgl
ha t /han/
hi gh h ee ls (1") /har 'hi:lzI
ja c ke t I'd3'ekltl
jeans (pi) Id3i:nzl
jew ellery l'd3uolril
jumper I' d 3 A m p ~ ( r )!
kil t IkI1 tl
kni cke rs (pi ) (AmE pi pan ties)
1'llIk;l7J
leather 1'lc() :J(r )1
lin en 1' 1111 1111
mack in to sh (informal ma ck)
I' nue k III t 0 JI
necklace I'neklJsl
n igh tdress (informal nightie)
" nund rcs/
o ut of fas h io n laut ov 'frejn/
outfit I'aotful
overcoat I';JUVJkJut!
pa nts (1'1) (AmE 1'1 under pants)
/pam ts/
patterned I' p,elondl
p lain /plcm/
pocket I' poklt!
polo -n eck (A mE tu rtleneck)
" pcol co nc k/
pullover I' p o l ~u v;)( r )/
pu rse Ip3:sI
p u t o n (clo thes) Ipo t 'on!
p y ja m a s (1'1) /pt'd gurmaz/
raincoat " rcmkoot/
sa nda ls (pi) "srendalz/
scarf Isko :fl
sh irt 1I 3:11
shoe II lI:1
shorts (1'1) II o:l sl
shrink II fl Dkl
silk ISllkl
size IS<'lIzJ
sle ev e Isli:vl
sleeveless "slitvlas/
slippers (pi) "shpcz/
smart casual (clothes) I,sma:t
' k,c30, 1I
sock Isokl
s po tted "spend/
144 WORD BA NK
stoc kings (1'1) "stukujz/ ha p p y I' h,epil
st riped (sh irt ) /st rarp t/ hate /hcn/
stripes (pi ) /stra tps/ hide o ne's emotio ns I,hald wa nz
sued e ISWCldl r'moo jn z/
su it I su:tl hostile I'host;.ull
swea te r I'swctJ(r)! idolise "ardolatz/
sweatshirt "swetj a.t/ in sen sitive Im'SCnSJlIVI
swim m ing costume "swrmm like /lark/
,kostju:mI loathe 11:>0 01
swim ming trunks (pI) I'swlmuj lonel y 1'1, 0 nlil
,tr.. . IJ ksl loo k down on (sb) Ilok 'dao n on!
swimsuit "swtmsurt/ look u p t o (sb) Ilo k 'AI' 101
ta ke off (clo t hes) /terk 'of! lo se one's te m per 1,lu:z wa nz
tartan I' to:tnl 'tem patr j/
tie Itall lo ve I l.wl
tights (1'1) /tans' mel an ch oli c /mclan'k uh k/
tracksu it "tne ksun/ mind one's own bu si ness I,mamd
t ra in ers (1'1) (AmE pi snea kers) wxnz dun 'brzms/
/' rrcmoz/ m ise ra b le "mrzrcbl/
t ro u sers (PI) (A mE 1'1 pant s) m ood y I' m u:d il
I'traOZJ7J moved I mu:vdl
T-sh irt I'ti:J3:11 o n top of th e wo rld (iuformal) Ion
umbrell a l .... m'brcla/ ,top :'w OJ 'warld/
underwear l'.... ndoweotr )' over th e mo o n (informal) 1,:w \'J OJ
V-nec k I'vi:nckl 'mu:n/
vest Ivestl o ve rw he lme d /cu vc'wcl md/
waistcoat (AmE vest) "werstkao t/ re luctant /r t'Ia k tan t/
w ea r (sth ) Iwe, (r )1 resp ect (verb) In'spcktl
wool Iwoll respect (1101111 ) In 'spcktl
woollen "wolan / restless "rcstlos/
z ip (AmE zipper) IZl pl scared /skcod/
back-to-front l , b a: k l ~ ' fr A n tl sensi tive " scn sonv/
inside-out 1,1I1saHJ'aotl senti me nta l /scn u' mcntl/
surprise d /sa'pra tzd/
Fee li ng s and e mot ions te r rifi ed (of st h) "tcnfurd/
t h rilled (W it h sth) I O" ldl
admire l~d ' m <'lI ;l( r }!
tired "ta tcd/
adore /;)'dJ:(r)1
touc hed I L\lI II
a frai d (of) /o'Ircrd/
weary I'wlJril
amazed /a'm erzd/
wo rried I'wAndl
a n g ry (w ith sb) I' <C Dgr il
a nx io us I' <CDkI osl Countries
aston is he d IJs'tomJtI
bad m o od /bied 'mu:dl abroa d /a'b ro.d/
be a ttracted (to sb) Ibi a't rrekttd I ana rc hy l'<enJkil
be e n t h us ias t ic (about sth) Ibi b ord er I'b, :do(rll
mBj uczi'tesuk/ bo u nda ry "baundar i/
be fo n d of (sb) Ibi 'fond ,vl cit izen I'slt!znl
be keen o n (sth) Ibi 'ki:n onl citizens hip I'sulznJlpl
bewildered /bi'wrldod/ cou nt ry I' k....ntril
bitter I' bll , (r )1 dictator Idlk' tello(r)!
bored I bo:dl dictators h ip /d tk't ettajrp/
ca lm do wn Iko:m 'daon! do mest ic /d a'm esttk/
ca n't stand Ika :nt 'sta nd/ em igrate "ermq ren/
d elighted /d r'lattrd/ ern tgrat lon /er m'qrerj n/
em p ire I'cmpaIJ(r)1
depr essed /d t'p rest/
despise /d rs'p atz/ ex ile I'cksaJiI
det est /d r'tcst/ fo reign /'forml
di sappointed /d tsa'pomnd/ foreigner I'formJ(r)1
di slike /d rs'la tk/ frontier I'frAntl;l(r)1
emotio nal /r'm ao j nl/ home co un try "haem kant ri/
excited /rk'samd/ homeland "hac mhend/
exhau sted / rq'za.strd / Immigration /trm'q rctj n/
fall in lo ve (wit h ) l,f, :1 10 'IAVI immigrati on policy /mu'q rerj n
fe d lip (with st h) Ifcd 'Apl .p olosi/
fe el down jfi:1 'dao nl independen ce /md r'pcnd ons/
frigh ten ed /Tran nd/ independent /mdi'pcnd ant /
frustrated /fras't rertrd/ in d ige nous Im'dld3:lnJsl
gloom y I'glu:mil inhabitant / m'h a-b rtan t/
internal I m't3:n:J1I
go od mood /qod 'mu:dl
Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
kingdom l 'k l l)d :Jml King Ik IQ! economic (gro wt h I decline)
lo cal l ' l, o k ll law 110:1 /ekc'n onuk/
monarchy "m nnaki/ left-wing I' lef l wlQI (grow ing I decl in ing) econom y
nation "nerjn/ legislate l'Ied31SIeltl /r'k nnami/
national I'n.rJn:J1I legislation lled3ls'lclJnl exchange rate !Ik'stJemd3 rcn /
national anthem l , mcJn ~ 1 'a:nO;)m! liberal "hbral/ finance I'fam;cnsl
national flag l,n<eJn:Jl 'fl .rgl lo cal ele ction 1,l, okl t'Iekjn/ free-market ec o n o my l ,fri: murktt
nationalit y /nrej a'nrelati/ local government !,I~ o k l r'knnam i/
overpopulated /ac va'p npolerud/ 'qxvon mom/ fund IfAndl
o ve rpo p u lat io n 1,;w v:lpopjo 'lcIJnl Mayor I' m cI;){r )1 gross national product (G NP )
political asylum /pa.l tt rk l a' satlam/ minist er I' mmlstd(r)1 l,grJos mejonl 'p r rxl.vkt/
(den sely / heavily / spa rsely / Ministry (of Defence / Finan ce / income "mkxm/
thickl y) p opulated "popjolemd/ Foreign Affairs / Hom e Affairs) industry /'md astri /
population /pnpj o'I ctj n/ "mnus tri/ inflation /m'flct j n/
province " provms/ MP tBrl: Member of Parliam ent) invest /tn'vest/
refugee /rcfju'dgir/ lem'pi:1 investment /m'vcstmant/
region l ' r i:d3;)nl opposition /opa'z tj n/ market I 'mo :k ltl
regional I' ri : d 3~ n l! party m ember I' pa:ti .mcmbatrl/ (ba n k)n o te In, 0I1
republic /rr'pebhk/ policy (on st h ) I'polosil payment "per mont/
ro yal famil y I D I:J1 'fieml i/ political leader /pc'hn kl ,li:d:>(r)1 rate of inflation I, ren J V m'flc tjn/
ro yalty "roralti/ political party /pa'Irukl ,po:til rec ession /rt'sej n/
state Isteul political system / pa'h trk l .srstam/ sa ve Isclvl
th e p eople 10' 'pi:pll politician /p nla't rj n/ spend /spend/
politics r'potenks/ tax / treks/
Politics President /' prezrdont/ trade deficit "trcrd defrsn /
Prime Minist er (PM) I,pralm workforcc I' w 3:k fJ :sl
act (of pa rlia me n t) /rekt/
'mtrustal r j/
ambassador l.rm ' b ;c s~ ~( r )1
Qu een I k w i:nl
activist I'C:CktlVIstl
agitator l' a:d 3 I t e u ~( r )1
radical "rted rkl/ 3 Sh~ps and
anarchist I \c n ~ kis tl referendum /refa'rendom/
reform In 'form/
services
hill (o f parli am ent) / b rl/
Representative (USA ) /re prt'zcntat tv/ Food
cabinet minister "k.e bma t
,mll1 lst:,)(I')1 republican /n'pebh ku/
resign In 'zaml meat
c h a m be r (o f pa rliame n t)
resignation /rezrq'n erj n/ bacon "berkn/
I' IJcnnb,( r)1
nght -wlng "ranwnj/ beef !bi:fl
city co u n ci l I ,sn i 'ka u nscl/
rule (wrb) !ru :11 c h icke n I'tJlklnl
city h all /.sni 'hJ:1!
secretary (o f sta te) "sek rcrri/ co ld cu ts " kcold kat s/
civil servant 1,51\"1 'ss.vont/
Senate (USA) I'sen, tI game Igcmtf
com m u n ist " komj omst/ gammon I'g;cmdl1l
Senator (USA) I'sen, I>(r)1
Co ng ress I'kol)gresl
(i n ) session I'seJn! ham Ib'em/
Co n g ressm a n / Co n g ressw o m a n
Shadow Ca h in et (UKj 1.J:cd, o lamb Ihc ml
(USA ) " konqrcsman I
'krebma t/ (fatly / lea n) m eat Imi:tI
'kmjq reswo man/
sitting I'slu l)1 meatball "mi.tbx l/
Co n se rvati ve (BrE also Tory)
socialist I' s ;)uJ~ h st! mince (m inced meat ) /m ms/
/ k cn's arvouv/
Speaker (of the Parliam ent) mutton l' mAtnl
constituency /kan's nt uonsi/
I'spi:b (r)! pork !po:kl
co n stit ut io n /ko nst t'tj urj n/
takeover l ' tel b o v;)(r )1 poultry "pao ltri/
d ebate /dt'ben/
term I t3:1111 red meat I' red mi. t/
democracy /d t'ru nkrasi/
the Ca b in et 10' 'kiebmat/ salami /sa'kn mi/
democrat "de rna krret/
the intelligence service l o i sausage I'sosld:y'
d emocratic /derne'k ne uk/
m't ehd j ons ,53:VISI (well do ne / med iu m / rare) steak
demonstrate "demanstrc tt/
demonstration (info rm al de mo) the secret service 10 :J .sbkrct 'S3:VISI /stctk/
town councillor Itaon 'k ao nsJIJ( r)/ turkey I'IJ:kil
/dcman's trcrj n/
vote IVJo tl veal I vi:1I
diplomat "dtplarruet/
venison I'venlsnl
elec tio n /i'lekJnI Economy white m eat "wan mi :tl
e m b assy "embosi/
fish
general el ection l , d 3c nr~ 1 t'Iek jn/ bank account "benk akaon t/
ca rp Ik o:pl
go ve r n I'gA,,;)n! black m arket I ,bl:<k 'murkn/
catfish I'k<c lflJI
government (A mE ad ministra tio n) budget I' bAd31t1
cod I k odl
l ' g A v~ n m ;) n tl business "brzrus/ fillet I'fIinl
head of state I ,hed ;)v 'stctt/ change ItJell1dy
fish and c h ips l,flJ end 'tjrps/
House of Commons (U K) I,ha us ;)v co in I k .J1Il1 haddock "h tedak/
'k 0J11Jn7J co m m erce "koma.s/
herri ng "hcrnj/
House of Lords (UK) I,haos ov crash !kneJ! lobster l 'lobst, (r)!
'Io:dzl currency l' kAr;)nsil mackerel I'm.ckr;)l!
House of Representatives (USA) debt /dct/
mussels (pi) "mx slz/
l,h,IOS ;)V reprt'zentatrvz/ devaluation (of currency)
oyster /';:)(st;1(r)1
introduce a law l,mtr;Kjj u:s ;) 'Io: I /d irva -lj u'etj n/

Word s In blue suggested fo r the Higher level WO RD BANK 14S

 pike /pa tk
perch I P3:tII
p rawn I prJ:nl
salmon I' sa~ m ~ n/
sardine Iso:'di:n/
seafood I'si:ru:dl
scampi I' sk,c mp il
shellfish !'Jcl f lI I
trout Itrao t!
tun a I' tj u : n ~1
dairy product s
butter I' b,\ t ~( r )/
(ma t ure / mild ) c heese III i:z!
c heese s p read ItJi:z 'spredl
co ttage c heese I' koud3 ,tIi:z!
cream Ikri:m1
c re a m c heese I' kr i:m lIi:zJ
grat ed c heese I'grcltlJ tJi:zJ
ice c rea m 1',115 kri: m/
marg arin e Ima :d3;l'ri:n/
(fu ll / se m i-skim m ed / skim me d)
milk /m tlk/
milksh ake "rrulkjer k/
yo g u rt I'j og ~ t/
bread
(wh ite / brown / wholemea l / rye)
bread Ih rcdl
c ro issa n t " krwa.so/
loaf (1'1 loaves) o f bread /lao f' av
'bred/
roll I r ~ o l!
pasta l'pa:stJ/
pitta bread "pua bredl
sli ced (b read / Ioaf) /sla rst/
toast /toost/
sweet food
birthday ca ke I' b3:0deI kerk/
biscuits (A mE cookies) "brsku s/
brown ie I' brao nil
ca ke /kcrk/
c heesec a ke I' tIi:zkeIkl
(sin gle / double / whi pping)
c rea m I kri:mI
(a pple) c ru m b le "krxrnbl/
dessert (RrE pudding ) /d t'zart/
ice c re a m /' ;:115 kri:m/
min cem eat (BrE )
(apple) pi e Ipat!
whipped crea m I,Wlp l 'kri:m1
have a swee t tooth z.hrev a swi:t
'lu:OI
things add ed to food
h erbs (1'1) /ha.bz/
ketchup I' ketI Apl
mayonnaise /mera'n erz/
mustard I' m i\st:xil
oil 1:)11/
paprika /pc'p rkko/
parsle y I' po:slil
(black) p epper I'pepo(r)1
salad dressing "selod dresm/
salt ISDItI
spices (1'1) "spa tsrz/
sugar I ' J o g ~( r )1
tomato sauce /ta.m uttoo 'secs/
vinegar l 'vlll lg:>( r )/
fruits
apple I' pll
apricot I'clpn kotl
146 WO RD BANK
banana /ba'n u ma/ Meals
blackherry I' bkekb:>ri/
be full I bi 'foil
blueberry I'blu:boril
(sweet / so ur) cherry "tjeri/ be hungry Ib i ' h A IJ ~J r i l
co co n u t I' b o b ni\t/ clear th e table I ,klra 00 'tctbl/
(b lac k / red ) currant I' k.\IOnll course I k;:>:sl
g ooseberry I'go zbJril ea t out li:t 'a ut/
grape /q rctp/ helping I' h e l p l ~1
grapefruit "q rctpfrurt/ la y the table 1,Iel 00 'terbl/
kiwi I' ki:wi:/ meal Imi:l/
lemon I' lcm:>n! packed lunch / pie kt 'IAotII
lime /la rm/ picnic "prkruk/
mango I'miCl)gJu!
sn ac k Ismc k!
melon z'meton/ tea Iti:1
o ra n ge I' ormdy working lunch IW3:k ll) 'IA01JI
pea ch I pi:III
Restaurants
pear l peo(r)1
pineapple I'pa ma:pll t ypcs of rest aurants
plum IplAml buffet ca r "bufc: ko:(r)1
raspberry I'ro:zb;lril canteen / kren' ti .n/
strawberry I'str;,:bJ ril cafe I' k:cfc ll
watermelon I' \\'o : t ;lm e l ~n/ cafeteria /ktefa't raria/
vegetables fast food restaurant l ,fo:Sl 'fu:d
asparagu s /:Js' piC r~ Js/ rcstrn nt/
auhergine (A mE eggpla nt ) pub IpAbl
I' JOb3:3i:nl self-service restaurant /sclf' saivrs
avocado !<cV:'l'ku:dJol .restront/
(green) beans (1'1 ) /bimz/ snack bar I' sn:c k hu:(r)/
broccoli "brnkcli/ take-away "tcrkcwe r/
cabbage I'k bid:)! in a restaurant
carrot l' k,Cf:lt/ beverage (fc>r1llaf) " bcvcn dy
cauliflower l'knIIOa uJ(r)/ bill IbIlI
celery "s elori/ hook a table (A m reserve a table
co u rgett e (A wE zucch in i) / ma ke a reser vati on ) I,bo k J
I b :'3et! 'tetbl/
cucumber "kj urkx mbat r j/ m ain co u rse I,me m 'kccs/
garlic I'gu:hkl menu I' menj u:1
leek Ili:kl order (st h) 1'0:do(r )1
lettuce "lens/ self-service /self'sa.vrs/
mushroom I' mAJroml service I' S3:VISI
onion 1',\ njJ nl service chargc 1'53: \, 15 IJo:uy!
parsnip I'po:smpl sta rte r I' slo:t:J(r)1
pepper I'pepo(r)1 table service I' telbl S3:VlsI
potato I p~ ' I C U ~ ol tip (fo rmal 1'1 gratuities) IIIpl
radish l' " edIII waiter I' we u ~( r )/
rice /ralsl waitress I' wCItfJsI
I' mmsmi:tJ sweetcorn "swbtkccn/ win e list I' wa m h 511
tomato I t d ' m o : l ~ ol
turnip I' t3:mpl Shopping
Qua nt it ies types o f sh o ps
baker's " berkoz/
bag (of flour) Ib<egl booksh op I' bokIopl
bottle (of jui ce / m ilk) "bctl/ butcher's "botjoz/
box (of choco lates) Iboksl chain sto re l 'tJcm 5tJ :(r )1
can (of lem onade / co la) Ik ol c h e m ist's "kenusts/
carrier bag " ke n o , b;:(~ g l clothes s ho p I' klooOz Iopl
carton (of juice / milk) I' ko:lnl d eli catessen (infurma l d eli )
jar (of jam / honey) Id30 :(r )1 /dehka't csn/
loaf of bread J.I~of av 'bredl department st ore /d t'portrnant
packet (of biscuits / crisps / cerea l) Slo:(r)1
I' p<ekIlI designer shop IUI'ZaIllJ(r ) Jnp l
tin of (sa rd ines) 1,1In vt DIY store Idi: (1 1 'war st;,:(r)/
tub of (margarin e) l ,lAb ovt fishmonger's I' fIJ01AIJ9 J7)
(3) kilos (of potatoes) I' ki:l, oz! furniture shop l' f3:l1I tJ:I Jopl
(200) grams (of cheese) /qnemz/ greengrocer's 'qrimqraosaz/
(h alf a) litre (of milk) 1'li:l o(r)1 grocer's "qraosaz/
market I' mo :kul
n ewsagent's I' nj u:zc1d3:Jntsl
off-licc nce "nf'larsons/
Wor ds in blue sugges te d fo r the Higher level
 shoe sh o p l'J u: Jopl
sta ti o ne r's "sterjanaz/
supermarket "su.pcmc.k u/
go ing sh opping
bargain I'ba:gml
broken "brcok nz
browse /brauzJ
bu y in t he sa le I,ba l III
cash I ka:JI
ch ang in g room I' tJemd311] ru:ml
c h ec ko u t "tjekaot/
c us to mer I'kAstJ rna(r)!
d iscou n t "drskao nt/
excha nge (st h for st h)
/ rks't j cmdg/
fit (verb) I flu
fitt i ng ro om t full) ru:m/
free (of cha rge) I fri:1
ge t m oney back I,get mxni 'btek/
get a re fun d I,get J 'ri:fA ndl
go shop p ing /qoo 'Jopl!)1
h a ve (st h ) in stock I,hrev In
'stok/
lo ok fo r (st h) l 'lok fo(r) 1
ma tch Irnre tJI
out of stock /ao t J\' 'stok/
pa y (cash / by credit card / by
cheque) I pcII
re d uced /rt'dj uist/
retu rn (goo ds to t he sh o p)
/ rt't ain/
sa le Iscil/
s ho p ass is ta n t "[ op o.srstont/
size (I'm a size 12 . / It's t he righ t
size.) Isarz./
special offer l.speJI 'of* )1
su it (verb) Isu:u
su pe rm a rke t t roll ey
/ ,su:pamo:klt 'troli/
t ill It IlI
too (sma ll / tigh t / loose) Itu:1
t ry o n (clo t hes) /trar 'on!
wor k fW3:k/
Advertising
a dvertise I'<edvatalzl
a d ve rt(isem e nt) (in formal ad)
l' :.e d v3:tl
billboard I' bllbo:dl
brochu re I'brooJo(r)1
(advertising / ma rketing) ca m paign
/ ktem'pem/
(rad io / TV) co m m e rci al Ib 'm3:JII
hoarding I' h::>:dIIJI
leaflet I'li:notl
m arket research I,mo:kn rt'sanj/
place / put a n advertisem en t (in a
ma gazin e / a n ewspaper) /plers I
.po t an od'v a.usmon t/
p os te r I' pousto(r)1
publicity Ip., b' lIsotil
slogan 1', Iougonl
Banking and insurance
(ba n k) accou n t /a'k aunt/
account holder /o'kaont ,houldo(r)/
app ly (fo r a loa n) /a'plat/
ATM (Au tomatic Teller Machine)
lel ti: 'em/
Wo rds in blue suggested for the Higher level
cas h m achine I' kreJ mJ,Ji:n/
c h eq ue book I'tJek bokl
current account " kxront a.kau nt/
c red it ca rd h older "kredrt ka:d
,hooldo(r)1
d ebit card "debit ka:dl
grant (a loan) /g ra :ntl
cb 'sed/ in surance Im'JOJfJns!
insured Im 'Jo;xl/
invest (in stock / shares / bo nds)
fm'vest!
investment portfolio
px t'Icoh oc /
loan It w nl
m oney tran sfer I'nlA ni tn.cnsf3:(r )!
mortgage i' mo:gldy'
pa y interest / per 'mtrost/
payoff (de bt / a loan) / per 'ofl
(ins ura nce) premium "prkmiam/
savings account I'SCIVII)Z a.kao nt/
stockbroker "stukbraokatr j/
stock market investor I,stnk mcr ku
m'vestatrj/
withdraw m oney l,wl() d rJ: 'mxni /
4 Home
Types of housing
bedsitter (illformal bed sit)
IbedSI to(r)1
bl ock of flats (A mE apa rtme nt
block) I,blok av 'fhets/
bungalow I' bAQgolool
co tt age I' kolIdy'
d et ached h ouse /d r.tan j t 'haosl
far m h o u se I' fa :mhaosl
flat (A mE apa rt men t) lIla:tl
penthouse I' pcntha usl
sem i-d etached house (AmE d up lex)
/serrud t.ttet] t 'hausl
s kysc ra per I' s k a l s kre l p~( r )1
terraced h ouse (A mE town h ou se)
l,ler;}Sl 'ha o s!
tower block "taoa blokl
Size an d condit ion
c ra m p ed / k ne m p t/
(fu lly) eq u ip pe d /r'kwrpt/
(fu lly) furnished 1'fJ:n1Jl!
in (good / bad) co n d ition IIn
kon'drjn/
part-furni sh ed I' pa:tf3:n1Ju
roomy I' ru:mil
run -down /ran'd au n/
spacious I'SpCISJS!
tin y /' ta mi/
un furnished I An'[3:0I1tl
w ell maintai ned /wet mcm'temd/
with all modern conveniences
(informal mod cons) /WIO ,.:>:1
m od o kan'vimran srz/
Location
ca p ita l (city) "kscput/
city I' sltil
cou n trys id e " kxntrisaid/
(t he) cou n t ry I'kAntril
co u n ty "kau nti/
d is t ri ct "drstrtkt/
farmland /fcrmkend/
hamlet I'ha:mlou
h om e town /hao m 'tac n/
industrial zo n e /m'd xstrial zao n/
inhabitant / tn'htebn cnt/
in th e cou n t ry (nex t-door)
n eighbour I ,m 0;;1 'kxm ri 'nclb;}{r )!
neighbourhood " ncrbohodr
o ld town I'J uld taunl
/tnvestmam o u ts kirts
l' au tsk3:tS!
provincial /pra'v mjl/
remote /n'm aot/
(h o lid ay) resort / rt'z an/
rural I' ro ~ r;) 11
slums (PI) IsIAmzl
su b urbs (pi) I'SA b3:bzl
town Itao n!
u rba n 1'3:b;ml
vi llage I'vllIdy'
In t he h o u se
attic I' reukl
b alcon y "brelkani/
basem ent I' bclsm:lntJ
cella r I'sel* )'
ch im ney I' tJmm il
dow ns ta irs /dao n 'steoz/
drain pipe "dretn parp/
drive /d ra rv/
fence /fensl
floor Ino:(r)/
flo we rbe d "flaoobcd/
ga rag e I'grero:y'
(fron t / bac k) garden I' ga:dnl
ga te Igelu
lawn Ibm/
letter box "le ta boksl
loft 110ft!
ro o f Iru:fl
stai rca se "sreokc rs/
sta irs /s t e~zJ
upst a irs I h p' stC;)z}
w all I\\'~: II
(fro n t / back) ya rd (A ll/E) Ij a:dl
equipment / decoration
blind Iblamdl
ca rpe t I' ka :plu
ce ili ng I'si:hlJl
cen t ra l heati ng r.sem rol 'hirun/
cu rt a in I' k3:tn!
flo or lno :(r)1
lamp /le mp/
light bulb "lan balb/
net cu rt a in I ,net 'kann /
radiator I' re l d l e l t ~( r )/
wi n dow sill I' wlOdJO sIll
bathro om
ba th (tu b) I ba:81
laundry basket I' b :nd ri bc isk rt/
mirror / 'mlr;"l(r)1
plughole l' plAghooll
ra zo r I' rclz:l(r)!
(elect ric) shave r I'Jelvo(r)1
soa p /saop/
sha m p oo IJ,em'pu:/
WORD BANK 147
 shaver po in t I ' Je l v~ pomt / do housework Id u: 'haos wark/ to let (A mE 10 ren t ) /tu 'let /
shower I'Jao, (r)1 do up (a h ou se, roo m ) (informa l) unfurnished IAn'f3:IlIJtl
sponge Isp!lnd31 Id u: 'Apl viewing I' vj u:IIJI
tap Ita:pl dustpan I'd!lsp<enl
tiles (1'1) /ta tlz/ fi x / frks/
toilet I' I J I1 ~ {1 install I m 'st:'l:11 5 Nature
toothbrush I' luObr!lJI leak Ili:kl
towel rail I'taol rerl/ maintenan ce " mem tancns/ Weather
wash basin " woj bcrsn/ mend Imcndl general impression
bedroom m op (t he fl oor) /mop/ awful /,, :01
bed Ibedl pain t / pe rnt/ bad /b a-d /
bed sid e table /.bcd surd 'tetbl/ put (st h) in /pu t '101
beautiful I'bju:lJfII
b la n ket I' bl.cQk'l! redecorate / rir'd ekarert/ blue Iblu:J
bookshel f I'bo k Jelfl repair In ' peo(r )1
b oiling (inforlllal) l ' b, i1 ' QI
c h a ir ItJe, (r)1 tile (verb) / ta rl/
ch illy I' IJilil
c hest of dra wers 1,lJesl ~v 'd rorz/ va c uu m cl ean er "va-kj uam kli:n.1( r)1 cl ear sky /khc 'ska J!
dressing table "dresnj terb l/ close I k l;lUs!
du vet "d urver/ Leaving and returning to
cloud y I'kla odil
lamp /leemp/ your house co ld /k oc ld/
pillo w I'pIl, ol drought Id rao tl
ru g I r!lgl (be) at hom e I' t 'boo m/
be in Ibi 'ml dry spell I'd ra l spe l/
s heet IJi:l! dull Id AII
wardro b e 1'v.'J:d r;Jo bl co m m ute (to wo rk, school)
/ ka'rn j un/ fine Ifaml
sitt ing- roo m / liv in g-ro om fog If ogl
arm chair l' o :mtJe;J(r )1 feci homesick Ili:l 'hco ms rk/
get home Igct 'haom/ foggy I' fogil
bookcase "bokkcrs/ go rg eous l'g;,:d3:>sl
CD / DVD pl a yer Isi: 'di: I di: vi: go hom e Ig;)o 'hoo m/
go out Ig;)() 'ao tl heat Ihi:tl
'di: plel,( r)1 heatwave I'hi:twclvl
c h a ir ItJe, (r)1 lock (up) Ilokl
move house /m u: v 'haos/ horrible "horcbl/
co ffe e tabl e I'kofi tetbl/ hot Ihotl
cush io n l' koJnl
move in Imu:v 'm/
move out Imu:v 'ao tl humid "hju .mrd/
fireplace "fatoplcrs/ humidity /hj ur'nud ati/
furniture 1'f3:nltJd(r)1 stay in /stc: '1111
lovely I'Lw lil
rug !r!ly l mist / nus t/
Renting and buying' selling a
settee Isc' l i:1 misty J'01 lstil
sofa (A IIIE co uc h) "saofa/ home
nice Ina[sl
stere o "stcna o/ a ccommodation /ak nma'd etj n/ overcast " co vcko .st/
tel evision se t l ' t el ~w l 30 set! (elec t ricity ' gas ' telephone ' uti lity) scorching I'sk;,:tJIIJI
V CR (Vi deo cassette recorder) bill /btl/ s u n ny l'sAnil
Ivi: si: 'u:(r)! co u n ci l tax (U K) I' kao nsl trek s/ t errible I'ten bll
wallpaper I'w, :lpelpo(r )1 d eposit /d r'p ozu/ warm IWJ:m1
kitchen esta te agent (A mE rea lto r) /t's tert rain y / wet
coo ke r I' ko ko(r)1 e l d3~ntl b e so a ke d /bi 'scu kt/
c u p bo a rd " kebcd/ flatm at e (A mE roomma te ) d e w Idj u:1
dishwa sher I'dIJwoJ, (r)1 "fl.etmen/ dri zzle I'd nzl!
drain in g b oa rd /' d remuJ b::>:dl for sa le I f, 'setl/ flood m Adl
fr eezer I' fr i : z~ r )1 furni shed I'f3:mJtl hail Ihclll
frid ge Ifn dy' inclusi ve / m'k lutstv/ h ailst one " hcilstoo n/
kitch en table /krtj m 'tetbl/ interest rate "mtrost ren / lightning I' la' ImQI
m ic rowave (oven) "rnark rawcrv / landlad y "ke ndlerdi/ puddle I'r Ad11
o ve n I',w nl landlord I'hond b :dl p our down I' p;,: da o nl
refrigerator In 'fn d3.1relt.1(r)1 let (a fla t ' a h ouse) (A mE ren t o ut) (heavy ' ligh t) ra in Ireml
r u n n ing wa te r 1,T.\ OIIJ 'w::>:t;:l(r)1 I lel! raindrop J'rcmd ro pl
sin k ISIQkl lodger I' lod30(r )1 ra in fa ll I' remb :1!
washing m a chine I'WOJII) lodgings I'Iod31QV rain y I' rcmil
ma.j im/ pay the rent l,pCI O~ 'rent! showe r /'fam (r)1
hall p.c.m . (pe r ca len dar m onth ) I pi: si: sh o we ry "[aoori/
back d oor /brek 'd, :(r)1 'em l soaking w et l , s~ o k I IJ 'wctl
coat hook "knot ho kl p.m . (pe r m o n th ) I pi: 'eml sto rm /sto.m/
doorbell I'd, :bel! p .w . (pe r wee k) Ipi: 'dxbl ju :1 thund er I' OAndo(r)1
doormat I'd:'l:ma:tl property (AmE rea l estate) "prnpati/ wet Iwetl
front door /frxnt 'd:'l: (r )1 rent I rentl windy
share (a room , flat ) IJe, (r)1 blow /bloo/
Looking after a house
show (sb) round th e house 1.J;m breeze /bri.z'
hroom Ibru:ml rau nd O:l 'hues / gale Igcill
change a Iighthulh l,tJcmd3 a sign (a lease / a co n t rac t) Isa ml gale force wind /qcrl fc.s 'wind/
'Iau bxlb/ take out a mortgage I ,terk au t a hurricane J'h!lflknl
decorate I'dckoreltl 'm, :gldy' still IsIIlI
DIY (do-it-yourself) /dir a r 'wall tenant "tenant/ tornado /tor'nerdao/

148 WORD BAN K Wo rds in blue suggeste d for the Higher level
 wind y I 'wmd il prune (verb) I pr u:nl wag (a tail) Iw a~ gl
snowy root I r u :tl whin e Iwaml
aval an che l' a: v ~ l o : n t fl seed Isi:dl
blizzard z'bhzed / so il IS;)III Environment
freez e If r i:zJ sow I s;)ol
fr eezing I'fri:zll)l stem Isteml environmental d am a ge
fr eezing co ld (informa l) Ifri:zlI] thorn 10;):nl acid rain !<csld 'rem/
'kao ld/ tree It ri:1 (bus h / forest) fire I'fal, (r)1
fr ost I f rostl trun k I t r.... l)k l become ex ti nct /br.kxm rk'sunk t/
fros ty I'frostil vegeta b le I'ved3lobi! burn rubbish l ,b3:n 'fA blJI
ice l alsl w a te r (t he plant s) (verb) I'wo:lo(r)1 car ex ha us t fum es I ,k o :( r )
icy "arsi/ weed Iw i :dl 19'Z;):st fju:m zJ
m elt I meltl carbo n di o xide I,ko:bn
weed k iller I'wi:d kllo(r)1
sleet Isli:t1 wildlife I' wa lldlalfl dar' oksard /
slipp ery I' s h p ~ r il deforest ati on I'di:fon s,tclf nl
thaw 100:1 Animals d estro y /d r'stror/
weather fo recast di e o u t /dar 'aut/
bird /ba.d/ d rought Id rau tl
above ze ro IJ,b,\V 'zroreo /
breed Ibri:dl ea r t h q ua ke 1'3:0kwelkl
bel o w zero Ibl,IJO 'zrarau/
carnivore I' ka:mvJ:(r)1 eco-frie n d ly /itkoo'frend li/
cha ngea b le I'tJcmd3Zlbll
d omestic animal /d o.mcsuk envlro n men ta lly fri endl y
cl ear up Ikilo(r) "' pi
'en nns l/ /mva tran.mentali 'frendlil
d egrees (Ce n t igrade = Ce lsius /
ex ti nct / tk's tnj k t/ flood m Adl
Fa h ren he it) Id l'gri:zI
extinction !Ik'stIl) kfnl gl obal warming I,gloo bl
(wa rm / co ld weat her) front
farm animal I' fo:m en rmol/ 'wu rm nj /
I fr" nll
feed 011 /' fi:d Dill greenhouse e ffec t I'g ri:nhaos
meteorol ogy I m i : t I J ' ro l ~ 3il
fish !fI JI r.fekt /
m eteo rologist I m i : t1 ~ ' ro l ;)d 3 I s tl
herbivore I' h3:bIV.J:(r)1 holes in t he ozone laye r /ji co lz
pres sure I'pccJJ(r)/
h erd I h3:dl m oi 'ao zoo n IC I;'!(r)1
temperature l ' t e m p r~ l fJ( r )1
insect I'mscktl landfill "Len dfrl/
thermom eter 1O;,!'mOl11JtJ(r)1
mammal I' nla.~ m ll lead lli:dl
unsett led IAn'sctldl
predator "predatatrl/ leak I ldl
weather forecas t I' weo;) fa: k a :stl
prey /prer/ natural di saster I,n,ctf rol
weather map I 'wcb;) nuep/ '
repti le I'repta lil d i'zo.statr j/
weather re port I'weoJ rt.pon /
species (sillg ll lar) l'spi:Ji:zI natural h abitat l,na:tf rJI
c li ma te
a ut u m n (A m E fa ll) I' ;): l ;)ml 'hiebrttet/
Pets oil spill 1'011 spill
climate "k larrnat/
h arsh (clim ate) I ha:JI bark (verb) Iba:kl ozo ne hol e " oozao n haul/
h ot /hnt/ bat Ib'etl pesticides "pcsusardz/
w arm /wonn/ bowl I boo ll p olluted /pc'luud/
cold /kaold/ cage Ikeld:;! pollution /pa'lurjn/
cool Ik u:11 ca na ry /ko'n eori/ sm og / sm eq/
d ry /d ra t/ ca t flap I'ka:1 n,epl gree n living
wet IwetJ claw Ikb :/ alternati ve (so u rces of energy)
!J: I' t3 : n ~ l l vl
Ind ian su m mer Ilmdi;)n ' sAI11;)(r )1 coat I k;)ot!
mil d / matld/ collar I'kolo(r )1 bi odegrad abl e /barood t'q rerdabl/
m oderat e c li mate /modorat (ca t / dog / fish ) foo d I f u:dl d isposa b le /d rs'p aozabl/
'kla rmat/ fur I f3:(r )1 e nergy-saving l'e n ~j-3i se l v l I]1
season I'si:znl gold fis h I'gooldflJI o rga nic I ;):' g<.em kl
s p ring Ispn I]1 guinea pig I'gmi plgl o rga nic fe r t ilise rs IJ:,g<Cl1I k
su m mer /' s,\m;)( r)1 hamst er I' h,emsl , (r )1 'fan cla rzoz/
winter I' w m t ~( r )1 h o u se-tra ined I'haostremdl ozo ne-frie n d ly "aozoc nFrendli/
keep (a pet ) I k i:pl rec ycle /rir'sarkl/
Plants kennel I' kenll recycled /rir'sarkld/
kitt en I' knnl rec yclin g /rir'sarkluj/
b ra nch /bru.nt]? returnable /rt'tamcbl/
lead Il i:dl
bush I buJI reuse (verb) I r i:'j u:zJ
fertiliser I' f3:tJi,lIZ;)(r)/ leash l li :JI
look a fte r Ilo k 'a:ft o( r )1 sel ective rec ycling /sa.lektrv
fl ower I' Oa o;)(r)/ rir'satklnj /
muzzle I' m.\ zll
fruit I fru :tl sola r (energy / pow er) l 's, o lo( r )1
paw I po:1
fu n g us (pI fungi) I' f" qgosl so lar panel " soolo .p.enl/
pedigree I' ped ly r i:1
garden I'yo:d nl so rt rubbish 1,53:l 'rAblfl
pet shop "pet Jopl
grass Ig ro :sl un lea d ed p etrol IAn,lcoJ(j 'petrel/
greenhouse I'gri:nhaosl puppy I' PApil
purr Ip:,=(r )1 water power I'W3:tJ p a o ~( r )1
grow plants I g r;)o 'pla:ntsl wind power l 'wlI1o pao o(r)1
rabbit " nc bn/
lea f (p i iea ves) Ili:fl wind turbin e I'wmJ ta.ba m
rat I r<e tl
moss Imosl
sn a ke /snerk/
pesticide "pcsttsatd/
stroke (verb) /stroo k/
petal I' peti!
turtle 1'13:111
pot plant 1'1'01 1'10:1111
ve t (veteri nary su rgeon) Ivetl

Words in blue suggested f or t he Higher leve l WO RD BANK 149

 6 School
Types of schools
h oard ing I' b:>:d ITJI
co-ed uca t io n a l (informal co-ed )
" kooed gu 'kerj anl/
college I'kohdy
co m p re h e n sive " kompn'h ensrw
e le m e n t a ry l'elJ'mentril
g ra m m a r sc hoo l "q ra-ma sku:l/
inde pe nd ent "md t'pcndant/
mix ed " mrkst/
primary "prannari/
privalc "pra tvat/
publi c school (lirE) I' pAbhk sku:1I
se co n da ry sc hoo l (A mE hig h
school) "sekandri sku:l/
single-sex 1'511)91 seksJ
state sc hool (AmE pub lic sc hoo l)
I'stell sku:1!
t echnic al "tckmkl/
u ni v e rs ity I'j u:m 'v3:SJliJ
vocat io na l "vao'kerjanl/
People in a school
class mat e " klo.smcn/
(persona l) tutor 1'lj u:lo(r )1
college st u d e n t I' kohd3 stj u:d ntl
d eputy head (m aster ) (A mE ass ista nt
p rinci pa l) I,depj uli 'hed!
exa m iner /' l g 'za:m mJ(r)/
headmaster (A mE prin cipal)
"hed'mu rstotrj/
lecturer I' leklforo(r)!
pupil I'pju:pll
sc h oo lbo y "sk u.lbor/
sc h oolgirl I'sku:lg3:11
sc hoo lmate "skutlmert/
st u d e nt I'stj u:d ntl
teac her I' l i:tf o(r )1
t eaching staff I' ti:tf lQ sla :f!
uni versit y st u d en t "j umt'varsati
,stj u:d nt/
Scho o l building
bl a ckboard "bhekbccd/
board pen "bo.d pen/
board rubber "bo.d "bo(r)!
ca n tee n I' kren'ti:nl
ch a lk I 'lf o:kl
classroom I'klo:sru:ml
co m p u t e r lab "kam'pj u.ta .he b/
des k I' deskI
!''Y111 (gym n asiu m) I'd3un/
h all I'bo:lI
h eadm a st er's office l' ,hedmo:stJz
' Dflsl
IT / Ic r unit / su ite I'al 'ti: I ar si:
'ti: j u:nrt / swi:t/
laboratory (informal lab)
"Io'b nrotri/
language lab 1'1<e I] gwld3 heb/
library "Iarbrari/
lo cker !'loko(r)1
o ffi ce l' of lSl
pla yground "plerqraond /
scie nce lab I'saIJI1S la-b/
spor ts field I'sPO: IS fi:ldl
1S0 W ORD BANK
st a ff room I'sto:f ru:m/
whiteboard "wa n bo.d/
Goi ng to / leaving / f in ish in g
sch o o l
absence "ebsons/
attend (schoo l / classes / a course)
"a'tcnd/
a tte nda nce "a't endons/
be a bs e n t I'bi 'e bscnt/
be ex cl uded (fro m school) I'bi
tk'skl urdrd/
he ex p ell ed (fro m sch ool) I'bi
rk's pcld /
b e present I'bi 'prezntl
drop out (fro m a co urse / fro m
school) I'd ro p 'ac t/
ex p u ls io n I' lk'spAlJn/
ge t / o b tain . . . I'gcl I ab 'tem/
a cer t ifica te I'J sa'ufrkc v
a degree I'J dt'qrir/
a dipl oma I'J dt'plcom a/
get into university I' ,get mta
j um t'v arsati/
go t o sc h ool l' ,g;'l O ta 'sku:11
gra d ua te (fro m a univer sity)
"q nedj uen/
leave sc h oo l I'Ii:v 'sk u:11
play truant "pler 't r uront/
regi ster I'red3lstJ(r)/
school leaver I'sku:1 li:vJ(r)1
skip classes /'s krp 'klu tsrz/
tru an cy "truansi/
Studying at school
be a t a class / les son I'bi et J 'klo:s
I lesn/
b e in cl a ss I' bi 111 'klo :sI
cop yboo k I'kopibo kl
co u rseboo k I' b :sbokl
exerci se- boo k "cksosa rz bok /
deadlin e I'dedlaml
d o . .. I' du:1
an ex ercise I'Jn 'eksasa rz/
a task I'J 'to:skl
an act ivity I'Jn tek't tvat i/
one's best I'WAI1Z 'bestl
project work I' prod3ekt wark/
hom ework "hac mwark/
extra les sons "eksrra 'lcsnzJ
folder rroo ldo(r )1
(do / get / give / set / h a nd in )
h omework "hcomwaik/
learn (st h / about st h ) I' la:nl
learn b y h eart 1'13:n ba r 'bo:Ii
m ake . .. "merk/
mistakes " m rs'terks/
n otes "naots/
a presentation I'J prezn'terjn/
progress "praoqres/
marks I' mo:ksl
m emorise "mcmararz/
n otebook "nao tbuk/
p a rticipate " pc c'us rpcn/
report I 'n ' p:>:tl
sc h ool t rip I'sku:l 'trtp/
set books I'set 'boksl
so lve a problem l' ,sDlv J 'problem/
Words in blue suggested for the HIgher level
stud y h ard l' ,slAdi 'ba:dl
take a break I' ,tclk J 'brctk/
take part " terk 'pa :t1
text book "tekstbu k/
workbo o k "watk bo k/
School year
break "brerk/
(su m mer / winter / Ch rist mas /
Easter) b reak "brcrk/
class I' kla:sl
fre e period (A mE) I f ri: 'pl, riodl
holid a ys (A mE vac at io n) "h ohderz/
lesson (A mE period) l 'lesnl
lunch break l' IAntJ brcrk/
re ce ss (A mE) "ri-ses/
semester (A mE) I' s~ ' m c s t J( r )!
term I't3:m/
tim et abl e (AmE schedule)
" ta rm tcrbl/
th e b ell goes a t (3 o 'cl ock) 1'00 'bel
gJUZ J t!
sc h o o l brea ks up o n ( 14 J uly )
I'sku:l bretk s ,Ap onl
Exa m in a ti o ns
a ssess I' ~ ' se s/
a sse ss men t "o'scsmcnt/
c h ea t (in an exa m) !'tJi:tl
(exa m resul ts) come out " kxm 'autl
do (an exa m) I' du:1
d o (we ll / ba dly) in an ex a m I 'du:
In an rq'ztem/
e n t ra nce exa m "cnu ons 19 ,za:m l
ev a lua te " r'velj uen/
e xa m (ina tion) I' lg'ucm!
ex a m paper I' lg':uem pelpJ(r)!
fail I Terll
give a test I'glv J 'test/
ge t t h e results (of a t est / exa m)
I' ,gct OJ rr'zxlts /
g ra de I' greldl
m ark (A mE grade ) (verb) I' ma:kl
m ark (rw llu) I' mo:k!
m oc k exa m I'mok ,g,z:.c ml
pass I' pa:sl
prepare for "prt'pea f::'l (r)/
re-sit (an exam) I'ri:'sltl
retake (an exa m) I'ri:'tclkl
revi se (for an ex am) I' n 'valzJ
scho cl-leavmg exa m "sk u.l'li cvrn
Ig ,z<eml
sco re I'sb :(r)/
sit (a n exa m ) I' snJ
st u d y (fo r a test / exa m ) I' sl Ad il
take (a n exam) I'telkl
School subjects
Art l' a:t1
Bio logy I' bal'olod3il
Business St u dies "brznr s stxd rz/
Ch em ist ry "kemrstri/
Co m p u te r Studies (I T! In form ati on
Tech n ology) "karn'pj uta stxd rz/
co m p u lso ry "kom'palsari/
c u r ricu lu m " ko'n kjalcm/
ext ra-cu rric u lar act iv it ies
I' ekstraka,n kjala rek't1VI UzJ
foreign languages I' .ror~m
'Ianjq wld31z1
Ge og ra p hy I' d 3 l ' og r~ lil
G ra m ma r (li n gu ist ics) I' g nc m ~ r )1
Hum aniti es I'hj u:' m..enur z/
Hist ory I' hlstJri!
Lit erature l ' h t r~t J~ r )1
Math ematics (Ma t hs)
I' m a: O J ' m a~ t l k sl
Music I'mj u:zlkl
o p tiona l 1'0pJ, 01l
Physical Ed uca ti o n (PE) I' .r,z,kl
edgu'kctj n/
Physics l 'fiZl ksl
Religious (an d Mora l ) Ed u ca t io n
1' f1 , lI d 3~ S edju'k e rj u/
Sc ie nces "sa rcnsrz/
Teach ers and students
a ctive I';.c k tl vl
ambitious l' a:m 'bIJJs/
a ttentive I'~' t c n t lvl
co nscie n tious I' konJI'enlJJsI
co-o pera t ive " koo 'oprau v/
c re a t ive "k ri'em v/
fair I'fe, (r )/
gifted I'glflldl
hard-working I'ho:d w3:kllJl
impatient I'IITI' pcIJnt!
la zy "Ie rzi/
motivated " moo uv crud/
motivatin g I'mJOUVellllJI
passi ve I'p..e srv/
patient "petj nt/
professional "pra'fe j nl/
punctual I' pA lJ k t J u ~ 11
s lo ppy I'slopi/
syste m a tic " srsra'm a-n k/
t al ented I'trel, nudl
unfair 1' ,\ n ' fc~ r )1
7 Work
Types o f work
blue-collar worker l ,blu:koIJ
'w3:k,(r)1
ca reer IkJ 'f1;l(r)1
duty I'dj u:lil
employ (sb) /rm'plar/
e m p lo yee I lm pl:-u ' i:1
employer h m' p b l ~( r)l
e m p loy me n t / rm'plorm om/
freelancer I' fri : l o : n s~( r )1
full-time job /fo ltarrn 'd30bl
h ard work Iho :d 'wark/
job Id30bl
manual work "m.enj uol wa.k/
occupation /nkja'perj n/
o d d jobs I' od ,d30bzJ
part-time job /pc rttarm 'd30bl
permanent job l,p3:mJn:lnt 'd30bl
physical work /Trzrkl ,w3:kl
profession /prc'fej n/
professional (110 1111) /pra'fej nl/
self-employed /selfun 'plord/
skilled work IskJid 'wa:kl
t emporary job I'tempr, ri ,d30bl
un skilled work /e n'skrld .wark/
Wo rds in blue sugge sted for the Higher leve l
w ell-paid job /wel.p etd 'd30bl go on strike 19JO 011 'strark/
white-collar worker l,wa u koIJ(r) jobless I'd30b1, S/
' w3:k :'l( r )1 job see ke r (RrE) I'd30b si:b (r)1
work IW3:kl k nock off (info rma l) Inok ' ofl
w ork for (sb ) "wark f,( r)1 let (sb) go (info rma l) l let 'g , ol
w ork fr eel ance I ,W3:k 'fri :lo:ns/ make (s b) redundant / metk
work from home I,W3:k from n'd.vndam/
'hco rn/ on holida y I on 'h oledev
out of work /a o t av 'wa.k/
At work pension I' penJJnl
pensioner I' pc n J~ n ~( r )/
assist 1;)'slst!
receive (sta te) b enefits In ,si:v
be in c ha rge (of st h / sb) Ibi 10
'bcnafus/
'tJo:d}!
resign / r t'za tn/
be nefi ts "bencfus/
retire In 'tal:'l(r )1
be o n call Ibi on 'b :11
retirement /rt't atcmant/
be re sponsible (fo r st b / sb) Ibi
sab ba tica l /sa'b retrkl/
ns'ponsobl/
sack (sb) (info rm al) ISlCkl
bonus " boo nos/
sic k leave "srk li:vl
busy I' blzil
take a d a y o ff I ,telk , del 'ofl
cloc k off (info rma l) Iklok 'ofl
take time off /tctk ta rm 'ofl
clock o n (informal) Iklok 'on/
take a lea ve /terk 'Ii:vl
co ncen t ra te (o n st h) " konscntrcn/
unemplo yed
d eadline "dcdlam/
(h igh / lo w ) unemployment
do a job /d ur a 'd30bl
IAl1Im 'pl::)(d
ea r n one 's living (as) 1,3:n wa nz
1,\ n l rn ' p b l m ~ ll tl
'h vuj /
unempl o yment benefit
ea r n in gs (pi ) 1'3:l1I lJ zi
/xmm'plonnant .benofu/
fee m:1
fill in (fo r sb) IfJi 'ml Looking for a job
get a pay rise / a raise Iget J 'per
ra tz I J 'rclzl applicant "eephkant/
get promoted I get prc'maott d/ appli cation form /reph'k erj n f:t:ml
give (sb) a hand I ,glv , 'ha -nd/ a p p ly for a job /a.plar fo(r) 0 'd30bl
income I' mk" m1 CV (cu rric u lu m vi ta e) Isi: 'vi:1
make a lo ss /rnetk a 'losl en cl o se (a CV) /m'ktaoz/
m ake a profit /merk ~ 'profu / ex pe rie nce /rk'spraricns/
man age I'm<.e l1ldy fill in (a fo rm ) IfJi 'ml
management "me mdgme nt/ Hu m a n Resou rces ( H R) l, hj u:mJn
m atern it y cove r /ma't a.mti , k A v ~ r )1 n 'ZJ:sI7}
off duty lof 'dj u:li/ interview (uorw) I' m t ~vj u :l
on duty Ion 'dj u:ti/ interview (verb) I' m t ~vj u :l
(work / d o ) o ver ti me "ao vetatm/
overworked I :JOVJ'W3:k tl
job advert(isem en t) I'd30b edva.t/
job appli cation I'd30b te ph.kerjn /
pay Ipell job ce n t re I'd30b sent,(r)1
payment "permcnt/ look for (a job ) I'lo k f,(r)1
pay rise I' PCI rarz/ personnel /parsc'n el/
perks (pi ) Ip3:ksl position / po'z tj n/
raise (lIoun) Irelzi post /poost/
run (a co m pa ny) I r Al11 qualifi cations /k w nlt fr'k erj nz/
salary I'sa:IJ ril recr u itme nt /rr'k rurtmant/
slow down IslJO 'dao nl references "refronsrz/
stand in (fo r sb ) /ste nd '101 starting sa la ry I'sto:tJlJ , s a~ I J r il
take things easy /teik ,O'QgZ 'i:zil vacancy I'vclkJ nsi!
take over (fro m sb ) /tetk 'Jo vJ(r)1 workin g co n d it ion s I'V.'3:kllJ
teamwork I'ti:rnw3:kl kon.dijnz'
wages I'wcld31z!
work long hours I ,W3:k 10 1) 'ao oz/ People at work
Not working assi stant /a' srstcnt/
boss Ibosl
be made redundant I bi .mcrd colleague I'koli:gl
n'd cnd ont/ employee IimpbJ' i:l
be o n t he d ol e (informal) Ibi .on OJ employer iIm'pb l, (r)1
'dcol/ lin e m an a ge r l'la m m<.emd3J(rl l
dismiss (!e)fl nal) /d ts'nu s/ manager I' m <.e n l d 3~ ( r )1
fire (sb) (in formal ) I' fal, (r)1 staff Ista:fl
give (sb) th e sack (illforma l) /q rv ,), team Iti:ml
'sa-k/ w orker (e.g. in a fac to ry) I' w3:ko(r )1
give up (A mE q ui t) work Ig lv AI'
'wa.k/
WOR D BANK 151
Jo bs
a cademi c /icka'd crmk/
accountant /a'k ao ntcnt/
a ctor l' ,ekto(r )1
actress J'a: ktrJs!
artist I'a :tlst!
au pair / ;) 0 'pc;)(r)/
b ab ysittcr /' bclbisJt;J(r)!
barher I' b(] : b ~{ r )1
barrister (A mE attorney)
I' b ,~ n s t ;'l( r )1
beau ti cia n /bj ur't tj n/
businessma n " brzmsrnan/
businessw oman " brzruswomen/
ca r m echan ic I'ko: ma.kzemk/
ca rp en ter I' ko:pmt:>(r)/
cash ier Ik,e'Jlo(r )1
c hef IJef!
chem ist I' kemlst!
co m p u ter prog rammer
'praoq ra~ m :l( c)/
con d uc tor Ik ;m 'd Akt:>(r )/
co nsulta n t /kon'sxltom/
co o k Ikukl
d entist "dentist/
(film ) directo r /dat'rektatrj/
doctor l 'd ok to(r )1
dress m aker f'd res m Cl b(r)!
(bus / lorry / tax i / AmE ca b) driver
l 'd n uvJ(r )/
driving instructor
m .strxk tatrj/
economist !I 'k nnonus t/
elect rici a n /clak't rtj n/
engineer /end31' ni;'l( r)/
est a te agent /r'stcn erd gan t/
ex ec u t iv e /rq' zckjou v/
fa ctory worker "frek tcri w 3:kJ( r)1
farmer l 'fo:m;l(r )1
firefight er I' fa I J fa n ~( r ) 1
flight attendant "flan J tendan t/
hairdresser I' hc~ res~ r)/'
housewife "haoswa rf/
interior d ecorator IIn ucria
'dckarcrtotr j/
interpreter Im't3:pn tJ(r)/
journalist I'd33:nJhst!
lawyer I' b l ~( r )1
lecturer I' lckI JrJ(r )1
lihrarian /lar'b recricn/
manager I'ma:md3Jt r)/
miner I'mamJ(r )1
musician /mj u r'z rj n/
nurse /na.s/
(portrait) p ain ter I'pemtJ(r)1
pensioner I'pcnS;mJ(r)/
pharmaci st I' fo:mJslstl
photograph er IfJ 'togrJfJ(r)/
pilot I ' pa" otl
plumber I' pI.\ mo(r )1
police officer /pa'I irs ,oflsJ(r)1
politician /p nla't tj n/
postman I' p~ o s l m J nl
postwoman " pco stwo mon/
psychologist /sat'k nladgrst/
receptionist /rr'sepj anrst/
road sweeper "rood swi:pJ(r)1
sales representative (sales rep )
I'seIlz rcpn.zcn tcuv/
1S2 WORD BA NK
scientist "sarcnus t/ junk food /'d3ADk f u:dl
sc u lp to r I'skAlpto(r)1 organ ic food h :'ga:llIk fu:dl
secre ta ry "sekratri/ preservatives I P fl ' Z3 : V ~ tI v zI
security gu ard /sr'kjo en ti go :dl protein "prao tim/
shop assistant "[ np J,slstJntl
Diet
shopkeeper l'J opki:po(r)1
soci a l worker I's;)oSI w 3:kJ(r)1
(be / go on a ) diet /' da'ot!
so lici t or ISJ 'hsItJ(r)1
high (in ca rbo h yd ra tes) /ha u
stoc kb ro ke r I'stokbrJukJ(r)1
lo se weight l .J u:z 'WCIl/
surge on I's3:d3JnI
Jow-calorie di et /lao .ktelari 'darat/
t ailor I'te" ;>(r)!
low-fat di et 11:>0 / <l:t 'd a rat/
teacher I' t i:tJ;>(r )1
put o n wei ght Ipo t on 'wen!
ti cket in spector " nku m,spekt J{r)1
translator Itr:.cnz'lenJ(r)1
rich (in protein ) I ntJI
sli m m ing diet I'shmllJ data t/
tra vel a ge n t "trrevl eld3Jn t!
vegan I'vi:gJIlI
TV presenter Iti: 'vi: prt .zent atr j/
vegetarian Ivcd3J'tc;JriJnl
vet (vete rina ry su rgeo n I doctor)
w eight loss programme I'WCII 10s
/vet
.prao qne rn/
Health problems
/kam.pj urta 8 Health
a ccident I'..ck srdoru/
Heal thy / unhealthy lifestyle addicted (to drugs / alcohol)
/a'd rk ud/
a t h let ic heO' lct,kl
avoid (st ress) I J'V:>Idl addicti on /a'drk j n/
be a fitness fanatic I fr eak Ibi allergic (to cats) 10'13,d3Ikl
d
'fu ries fa.me u k I fri: kl all ergy l '<cl od3il
co uc h potato / 'kao tJ pa.tertao/ appendicitis /o.pcndr's arus/
cu t down (on fatt y food ) IkAl backache "b.ekcrk/
'dao nl bedridden "bcdnd n/
blister /' b1lsto(r )1
"dra rvm do (reg ular ) exercise Id u: 'ekscsarz/
fast food /fo .st 'fu:dl (h igh / low) hlood pressure l 'blAd
fatty food IflC ti 'fu.d/ ,prcJo(rjl
fit I fltl broken (a rm ) "braok n/
follow (a sensible diet) I' f olool cancer I' ka:ns;J(r )1
casualty I'k,c30J1til
get enough sleep Iget r. nef 'slirp/
give up (smoking) /q rv 'A pl (have a ) co ld /koold/
go jogging IgJO 'd30911J1 co ug h I k ofl
gym Id31ml di abetic /da ro'bcuk/
junk food I'd3ADk fu:dl (physica lly / mentally) di sabled
keep fit Iki:p 'fu/ /d ts'e rbld/
ea rac he I' IJrclkl
look fit Iluk 'fu/
lo se weig h t Ilu:z 'welt! fa ta li ty I fo'tlClot il
low-calorie food /lao krelari: 'fu :d/ feel (a bit) off-colour (i nfo rma l)
l ,fi :1 of 'b lo(r)!
' low-fat fo od Ilou f'ct 'fu.d/
(be) out o f sh a pe laut av 'jetp/ fee l (a bit ) und er th e w eather
o verwei ght /ao ve'wen/ (in f orma!) l ,fi :1 .\ ndo 00 '\\eo* )1
put on weight /po t on 'wen / feel a hit po orl y l ,fi :1 0 bit 'po:lil
read y m eal I' rcdi mi:V fee l di zz y l, fi :1 'd rzi/
redu ce stress / rt.dj u rs 'stresl feel drowsy l ,li :1 'draozi/
sedentary lifest yl e /,scdJntri feel sic k m:1 'stk/
'larfs ta tl/ feel terrible m :1 'tcrrbl/
slo b (i nforma!) Islobl fev er I' fi :vo(r )1
st a y fit /ster ' fil l fev erish I' fi:\'JflJI
stay in sha p e /ster m 'jerp/ flu /flut/
takeawa ys "tcrkaweiz/ food p oi soning I'fu:d P.JIZ;)1lI1J1
take up (sport / exercise) /terk 'Apl headache "hcderk/
TV dinners Iti: vi: 'd moz/ heart attack I'ho:t o,tlCkl
work out IW3: k 'aut! hurt /han/
(critica lly / seriously / ter min all y) ill
Food and h e a lth 1" 1
illness I' lIl11sl
additives /'a:dlllvzI ill with /' 11 WI{)!
(h igh / low in) ca lo ries l 'klClonzl injure I' md3J(r)1
carbohydrates /kutba'h ard ren s/ injured l 'md3Jd!
fat If'etl injury l 'md3Jril
fally food /freti 'fu.d/ insomnia /m's nnuua/
fibre I'flllbo(r)/ (do) not feel very well Inot 'fi:1
health food I'helO fu:dl veri ,well
healthy food IhelO i 'f u:dl
Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
 (ta ke an ) overdose I'JUVJ<b usl
pain (in th e legs I ba ck) I pcml
pneumonia Inj u : ' I11~u m .11
ras h Ir"'JI
runn y nose /rani 'ncoz/
sneeze Isni:z!
(h ave a) so re throat Is;): 'urao t/
sprained (a n kle I w rist ) /sp rernd/
(a bee) sting IstllJI
sto m a ch -a ch e "stxrnck erk/
stroke /st roo k/
suffer (fro m illness) I' sAf, (r )1
swollen (tons ils / wrist) I'sWJo lJl11
(a h igh ) t emperature I' tem pr, tJo(r )1
tootha che I' tu:Oelkl
a twi st ed ankl e IJ .twrsud '..efJk ll
twist (o n e's) ankl e /tw rst 'a:l]kll
upset stomach I,Apset 'stxmok/
vomit "vomu/
wound (fUJlUl) Iwu:ndl
wounded "wu.ndrd/
Treatment
(fee l) as go od as n ew (informa l)
.ood JZ 'nj u:1
be better /b i ' beto(r )1
b e ex a m in ed Ibi 19'z..emmd l
(medica l I d ent al) c hec k- u p
l 'tJek Apl
chemist's "kcnus ts/
cough medicine I' kof medsn/
cure I' kj o, (r)!
drug IdrAgI
get better Igct 'bct;'\(r)1
get a prescription I,get J
prrs'krtpjn/
ge t ove r (t he operation) Iget
';'\ o vJ(r)1
go to bed 1,9.10 to 'bed/
go to hospital I,g;lo ta 'hns pu l/
go to the doctor 1,9;,\0 ta ('J
'J Dkt, (r )1
have a sca n I,h,cv J 'sk ain/
have t est s /haiv 'tests/
have an injection I,ha:v In
tn'd ge kj n/
m ake a n a p poin t m e n t (to see t he
doc tor) /jn erk an a'p om tm ant/
make a (good I fast ) recovery
I,melk .1 rt'k.weri/
medicine I'mcdsnl
(h ave a n ) operation /upc'retj n/
painkiller l 'pcmkIlJ(r)1
pharma cy "fu rmasi/
pills / prlz/
sle eping pill I'sli:pll] pill
st im u la n t "sumj ulant/
(h ave) surgery I's3:d3Jril
recover (fro m) I n ' k,w ;)(r )1
tabl ets " nc blots/
take (o ne 's) blood pressure z.terk
'bL, J preJ,(r )1
treat It r i:tl
(h av e an ) X-ra y "cksrcr/
Words In blue suggested for the Higher level
Healthcare handball I' h;cnJ bJ:11
h ockey " hoki/
A I'< E (BrE Accid ent an d Emergency)
hurdl e /' h3:J II
(A mE ER, Emergen cy Room) l el
.:md 'i:1 indoor s ports (p i) l ,ind::J: 'sports/
ca sua lty I'k..e3U;Jltil ja velin "dgevhn/
chemist's I' kenllstsl (lo n g I h igh / trip le) jump
c o ns u lta n t / kon 's.vlton t/ !J 3Am pl
dentist "denus t/ marathon I'ma:r;)OJnl
doctor I'J okt, (r)1 marathon runner "marcuan
,rAnJ(r)/
GP (BrE Gen era l Practitioner) Id3i:
'pi:1 pole vault "poo l vult/
health care centre "helukec scn t~ r)/ pole vaulter "paol voItJ(r)1
h ealth clinic I' helO khmk/ ra ce IrclsI
h ospital "hospn l/ roll erblades (p i) I'r, oi, bIeIJ zI
(t a ke) m edical lea ve I' med lkl li:vl rollerblading I' r~o IJbl c ld l I)1
n 11 rse In3:s/ rollersk atin g I' rJo lJskeltll]1
patient I' pctJntl run IrAnl
runn er I'rAnd(r)1
private medicine l ,pnuvll 'medsu/
public healthcarc l,pAbhk sh o t putter I'Jot potJ( r)1
'heiOke, (r)1 shot put(tin g) I 'Jnt PO tIQ!
specialist I'speJJllstl ska t eboa rd "skenbccd/
su rg eon I 'S3:d3Jnl skateboarding "sk ertbordnj /
s u rge ry l's3:d3Jril skater l ' s k elt~r)1
IJZ wa rd I\\,.):d! (figure I spe ed ) s ka ti ng l 'skell lQI
ski jump I' ski: J3 ., mpl
Alternative medicine ski-ju m per I'ski:d;;.\ mp;)( r)1
skier I'ski:;'l(r)/
ac u p u nct u re l' a:kj up,\ lJ ktJJ(r)/ skiing I'ski:11]1
acu punctu rist /rekj u'P,\ I] kt] ar tst/ sprint /sprtnt/
aromathcrapy /a.r ao ma'Uerapi/ spri nter "spnn tor r)1
arom a therapi st IJ, fJilJ11J 'OCf:tPlstl su rn o wrestling I ' S ll : Il1 ~ O reslnj/
faith healing I'fCIO hi:IIIJI sw im me r I ' s w lln ~( r )/
fa it h h ealer l 'felO hi:io(r)! sw im m in g l 'sw lITIlI]I
h erbal m edicine l, h3:bl 'rncdsn/ tabl e t ennis I'lelbl terns/
h erbali st I' h3:b;.lll stl tennis I'temsl
h omeopath y /hco mi'npatli/ volley ba ll I' vDlibo:11
h orncopath "haomrcop..e91 water pol o I' wo:t ~ paolao/
osteo pa t hy l osti'opJOil water sports (p i) I'w;,\:t:l spo.ts/
osteo pa t h l' ostl;lo, p.cOI weigh tlifter l\ ven llftJ(r)1
reflexology Iri:Oeks'olJd3il we ightlifting I'wellllftlI)1
refl exologist Iri:llcks'oIJd31stl windsurfer I'wmds:J:fJ(r)/
windsurff ng I'wmds:l:fIlJI
wrestle I'resl!
9 Sport wrestling "rcshrj/
pe ople, places , things, e ve n ts
Sport amateur l' a:m;lt3:(r )1
spo rts a n d sp o rts peo p le bat Ib t1
archer l'o:tJ, ( r )1 c h a m p io n I' tJa: m pi ~ nl
arch ery l'o:tJJril ch a m p io ns h ip I'tJ<empi:lnJlpl
athlete I';eOi i:t1 coa ch I b o lJI
athletics (siugular) I",O'letJksl co m pe t it io n /k nmpa'nj n/
ba seball l 'bclsb:dl (te nni s, sq uash , badmi nt on ) co u r t
basketball !'hu:skllhJ:11 I b :tl
boxer " boksom / doping I'ddOPII)1
bo xing "boksnj/ draw Id r.:l:!
c ross-c o u n t ry sk ii n g l ,krnskAntri drug test I'd rAg test!
'ski:IIJI fan I f nl
discus "drskcs/ fi eld I fI:IJI
diver I' dalvJ( r)1 ga me Igemll
divin g I'dalvll]l goa l Ig, o ll
downhill skiing I,J ao nhJi 'ski:JQI goalkeeper I'g, olki:p, (r)1
fencer I' fensJ(r)/ gym (gy m nasiu m ) 1<131011
fencing "fcnsm/ ice ska te s (p i ) l'..lI S skens/
football (AmE soccer) l'folbJ:11 net Inetl
go lf Igoif! Olympic games /altm ptk 'g CIJ117J
golfer I' gDif, (r )1 (foo tba ll I ru gby / hockey) pitch
g ym n a st I'd31mmcstl I plt JI
gymnastics Id3lm'mestlksf (foo tba ll) pitch I pJlJI
hamm er throw(ing) " hscma pra ct ice (1101111) I'pra: ktlsl
Or;lu l
WO RD BANK 153
 practise (verb ) "prtcktrs/ landscape "he nds keip/ playwright I' plclraitl
profes sional /prc'fejnal/ m asterpiece "mu.stcpi.s/ plot I plotl
rac ket I' nt:: kIll oil painting 1'~ I1 pemtnj/ poem "pao rrn/
referee / refc'ri r/ outline "ao tla m/ poet I' p:>OI tl
(ice / skati ng) rin k I fIIJkl paint Ipcmtl poetry l 'p;lOJtril
sco re Isb :( r )1 painter l'pCIIl1;;J(r)1 protagonist I p rJ ' l<e g ~ I1Is 11
sk i slo p e /'ski: sloo p/ painting I' pcIIltlIJI resolution /reza'huj n/
spectato r /spek'tenauj/ perspective /pas'pekttv/ review I n ' vj u:1
sp orts eq ui pmen t "sports photo(gra ph ) "Ioo toc / reviewer In 'vju:J(r)1
r.kwrpmant/ p hotograph er It~ ' t Dg r J fJ( r )1 romantic co m ed y / rao .m ten trk
sp orts fa ci li t ie s (p i) "sports photograph y /fc't nqrcfi/ 'k nmadi/
fast lanz/ (a) pi ec e of art I,pi:s JV ' o:tl sci -fi (scie nce ficti on ) film Isa r'faI
stad ium "sterdiorn/ portrait "pon rert/ fIlml
(h oc key ) st ick Istlkl sculp t /skal pt/ screen p lay "s krimpler/
su p porter /SJ'p:l:tJ(r )/ sculptor I'skAipt, (r)1 sequel "si.kwol/
tea m sport / 't i:m sp.J:tl sc u lpt ure l'skAiptJ, (r)1 set (nouo ) Isct!
tou rnament "tomamont/ sketc h IsketJI . (be ) set (in the 16th ce n tur y) Isetl
t rac k I t nckl still life ISHI 'Iarf/ sh o r t st ory ISJ:t 'stoiri/
trac ksuit "trte ks un/ take (p hotogra phs / pho to s / show 11:>01
t ra in /Irem/ pictu res) /terk/ so u n d t rack "sao ndtnck/
t urn professional l,t3:n watercolour I'w~ : t d k A l d( r )1 special effects (p i) l,spcJi t'fekts/
pra'fejncl/ (a) work of art I ,W3:k JV 'o:tl specta tor /spck 'tcn cm/
u mp ire I' Am pa IJ(r)/ st a ge Isteldyl
work o u t /wark 'au t/ Literature. theatre and film st u n t ma n I'stAlltlmenl
doing a spo rt su bt itles "se bta n lz/
a ction a d ve n tu re l ,a:: kSn
d o ... Idu:1 s u p p o rti n g (ro ie / actor / cha racte r)
, d'v entJ,(r)1
ae ro bics /ea'r ao brks/ ISJ'pJ:tIl]l
a ctio n (film / m o vie) 1'.ekJnl
high I lo n g ju mp "har / '101) theme I Oi:ml
adaptation /red rep'terj n/
d 3!~mp l thrill e r I' Qrri, (r )1
a n im a t io n /re nt'm etj n/
jud o I' d3U:d, 01 western "wcstan /
a u d ie n ce "o-dious/
go ... 19 ;101
bestseIler /best's elat rl / Press. radio and television
ridin g "rard uy
blockbuster l'blokb,\St, (r)1
skiing /' ski:lIJ/
box office I'bnks ofISI (cl assified) advert uscmcn t) (inton na!
swi m m in g I' SWl lTIIIJ!
cartoon I k a:'t u:nl ad) l' a:dv3:tl
lose (a gam e / a match ) Ilu:z/
ca st /ku.st/ a r t icl e l 'O:lI k l!
pl a y .. . /pler/
(mai n ) character l'ka:n kt:J(r)/ th e bo x (illfo rmal) l Oo ' boksl
hridge I'bfldyl
cinema "sm ama/ broadcast "bro.d ku.st/
foot ball l'fo tbo:iI
co m ed y "k nrnadi / broadsheet l 'b ro:dJi:tl
tennis "terns/
conflict (1101111 ) "k onflrkt/ ca b le TV I,kelbl ti: 'vi:1
(set / b rea k / eq ual a) record
critic "krmk / (an im ated) cartoon I k o:' t u:nl
I' rcko:dl
d e tective story /d r'tcknv starri/ ca r to o n strip /kor't u:n strip/
sco re ... I sk :>:( r )/
direct /da t'r ekt. dr'rekt / circulation /sa.kja'ler j n/
a goal IJ 'g 30 11
d irect o r /da r'rckto. r), d r'rektotrj/ co lu m n " kolam/
a p oint IJ 'pcmt/
disaster movi e IdIZ'O:Std mu.vi / co lu m n ist "k plamnrst/
throw ... 10 r::lo l
d oc u me n t a ry /d nkj c'mentori/ co m ic strip "k prruk stn pl
th e di scus l a;;J 'drskas/
drama I' d ro :m :J1 co p y I' k opil
the ja velin 10 ;) 'd3,-cvlml
dub (verb) IdAbl daily p ape r z. dcrli 'pelpo(r)1
th e h a m mer IOd 'lucm;;J(r)1
dubbing l 'dAblryl (ev en ing / spe cial) ed it io n /t'd tj n/
w in (a ga me / a m atch) Iwm
feature film 1'li :tJ, friml e d ito r l 'ed lt, (r )1
fi ction 1'flkJnl editorial /ed r't arrial/
10 Free time (ac t / pla y / star / feat ur e in a ) film
(A m E mo vie) I fJlml
ep isode "cprsao d/
glo ssy (m agazin e) I'glosil
and culture film based on (a book / a tr ue sto ry) interview I' lIltJvj u:1
/frlm 'beist on l (yesterday's / May 20 06 ) issu e l 'IJu:1
Art flop /flopl journalist l'd33:nJllstl
ho rror I' h o r;;J( r )1 letter to t he edito r /jeta to t"l i
art festival 1'0:1 fesuv l/
interval (in a play) I'mtJVJI! 'edlt, (r )1
a rt gallery I'o:t ga:l;;Jril
leading rol e /Iitd nj 'raol/ live broadca st 1,lalv 'bro.d ko.st/
art studio I ' o:t stj utdtcu/
literary "htarari/ lo cal p re ss /Iao kl 'presl
artist " omst/
litera ry criticism l,htJrJri 'kr tusrzm/ m aga zin c /mteqa'zim/
b a ckground I'ba:kgrao ndl
lo ve st o ry l'IAv st:>:ril monthly (m agaz ine) I'Il1 AIlOl il
ca n va s " ken vos/
leading rol e lIi:dlIJ ' r~'10 1! n ation al p res s 1,l1<c1nJI 'pres/
design /dt'z a m/
musical Z'rnjurztkl/ n ewsa gent('s) l 'nj u:zcld3dlltl
draw (in pen / pencil / ch arco al)
non- fi ction "nunfrkjn / n ewspa pe r i intormot pap er)
Id ro:1
novel I'novll "nj ursperpof rj/
(a) d raw ing l' d ro:II)1
novelist "n cvolrst/ obituary /a'bn j uari/
exhibit (verb ) /rq'z rbn/
performer Ip:J'f:>:mJ(r)1 p eriodical /prari'u d rkl/
ex h ibi t io n /eksr'brjn/
performance /pa'fo.mcns/ presenter /pn'zem om/
fram e Ifremll
play /pler/ press cu tt in g I'prcs kAtIIJI
graphics (sing lllar) I'gnc flksl

1 S4 W ORD BA NK Words in blue suggested for the Higher level

qu arterly (magazine I periodical) Leisure time (o n a) c ru ise Ikru:zJ
I' b :tolil depart (fo rma t; Id l' pu:tl
qui z /kwrz/ as k (sb) out lo :sk 'ao tl drive rd ra rv/
reality TV (show) / ri'ee loti ti: ,vi:/ e n te rta in m e n t /cnta'tcm mant/ fill up (wit h petrol ) If,l ' hpl
remote (co n t ro l) /r t'm oot/ f ree tim e Ifri: 'tarm / find (on e's) way Ifamd wc11
repo rt In' pJ:t/ go (swim m in g I dancin g I to the (t ake I catc h a) night /flan/
reporter / n ' pJ : t ~( r )/
cine m a I to a co nce rt) Ig;wl fly 1I1:u1
satellite TV I,Sa:l.11<1I1 ti: 'vi:! go out (with frien ds) /qao 'a ot! get a lift (illforll/al) Iget 0 '11ft!
sc ree n Iskri:nI (have I tak e up a) h obhy I'hobiJ ge t lost Iget 'lost!
se ria l I'sIoJri;J1I list en (to music I to the rad io) give (sb) a lift (inton nai; Ig ,v 0 'Irft/
series I' sloJri:zJ I'hsn/ go I travel (by tra in I by plane I by
show busin ess (informal showbiz) o ut d oo rs (adv) /ao t'd a.z/ boat I by car I on foo t) Igoo I
I' J ~w brzn rs/ (h ave I throw I go to a) party 'tnevl/
sitcom (formal sit ua tio n co me dy) I'pu:tiJ go on (a journey I a tour I a trip)
"srtk om/ pass time Ipo:s 'tarrn/ /qoo 001
soa p (o pera ) /sac p/ pla y (cards I chess I te nn is I have a (good I safe) tri p I jou rney
su bsc ribe (to ) /scb's krarb/ hasketball I th e piano I the /luev ~ 'tnp I 'd;p :oil
su bsc ribe r /sab's krarbalr j/ drum s) Iplcl! h ead fo r I'hed fo(r)1
t abloid "ueblord/ pl a y (video I co m pute r I boa rd) hitch-hike I' hIlJhall<l
ta lk sbow I'to:k Jool ga mes / plc r 'qermz/ hit ch-hiker l'hIlJhalko(r)1
t alk-show h o st I't:l:k 1.10 hao st/ read (boo ks I magazin es I co mic s) hitch-hiking 1'I11tJha lkllJl
television / 'tcl;JvI3;JnJ I ri:dl leave (for ) l li :vl
telly I'telil sp end t ime /spend 'tauu/ m ake fo r "mcik f~( r)1
TV It i: 'vi:1 take up (swim m ing I IJ0w li ng I a meet (sb at t h e sta tio n I ai rpo rt)
TV c h a n nel Iti: 'vi: tJa: n;JV hobby ) / tet k 'h pl Imi:t!
TV st u d io Iti: 'vi: stju rd tao/ wa tc h (TV I a vid eo ) IWDtJI miss (a tra in I plane I flight ) / m ts/
v ie wer I' vj u : ~ r )/ mot o rw a y I' m ~ o t Jwc l!
weekl y (magazine) I'wi:klil
11 Travel pull up Ipo l "' pi
reach (one's) d estination Iri:tJ
Music and dance dcst t'n er] o!
Means of transport
a lb u m l ' a~ l b ;)ln/ ride /ra td/
aero p la ne (A m E airp lan e) ride (a bike I a m otorbike I a ho rse I
b allet I'b'ek ,l
"ecrcplem/ a ca m el) / rard/
b and / bamd/
aircraft "ea k rurft/ (m ain I m ino r) road Iroo dl
beat (IlOlIII) I bi:t!
bi c y cle (illform al bik e) " ba rsrkl/ route lru:t!
blues Iblu:zI
hoat Iboot! run o u t of petrol I ,r,\ n ao t :IV
C D (co m pact d isc) Isi: 'di:1
bus I b/l. sl 'pe trol/
(t he) charts (p i) I tJu :ts!
ca r Ik u:(r )1 see (sb ) off Isi: ' nfl
ch o r eog r ap hy /k nri'pqrafi/
coach (BrE) I kootJI set off Iset 'of!
classical (m usic I ba llet) "k hestkl/
douhle-decker (bus) Idhbl'deko(r)1 se t out (fo r) /set 'aotl
co m pos e /kam'pao z/
ferry /'feril sh o w (sb) th e wa y 1.100 00 'we,1
co m p ose r /karn'poozatrj/
liner I' l a m ~( r )1 speed up Ispi:d ' Al' l
co nce rt " konscv
lorry (Am E truc k) I'lnriJ sto p ove r Istop 'ouv;)(r)!
co n ce rt h all I'konsJt h:l:V
minibus I' mmibAsI (get) stuc k in t raffic I,sthk 111
co n d uct / kcn'd e kt/
co n d uc t o r Ik ~m ' d h k t ~r )1 m otorbike "mao tcba tk/ 'trte frk/
motorcycl e "moo tosaikl / take a sh o rt cu t z.tcrk o ' J~ : t k ,\t!
co n te m p o ra ry (m us ic I dance)
on foot l oo 'fo t/ tour I' t o ~ ( r )/
/kon 'tem prcri/
taxi (AmE ca h ) "treksi/ traffi c "trtefrk/
dance Idu:nsl
train It rcml (be i n a ) traffic jam I' tncflk d3reml
folk Ifoo kl
(t he Londo n ) tube (illforma l) Itj u:bl travel "tne vl/
gro u p Igru:pl
underground (A mE subway) trip /tn p/
(a number o ne I a sm ash ) h it !hIt!
l 'AodJg raoodl voyage I'v:llldy
ja zz Id:;.ezl
van Iva:nl wa lk Iw.):kl
lyrics (s;tJgll lar) I'hn ksl
musical "mj urzrk l/ ya c h t Ijotl
Tra vell in g abroad
opera I ' npara/
Travelling
orchestra 1':>:klstrJI (bel go I t rave l) abroad /a'b ro.d/
(a m usical) piece Ipi:sl (travel) across (Ame rica ) /a'k rns/ a irport tax I'CJp.:> :t trek s/
p op 11'0 1'1 (trave l) a ro u n d th e world /a.r au nd c ross the border I,kros ()o 'b:>:d:l(r)!
rap Inep! 00 'wa .ld/ c us to ms (p i) "k.vstamz/
R & B (rh yt h m a nd blues) I ,u:(r ) on a rri ve (in I at ) Id' nuvl c us to m s office r "k.vstomz , o fJ s~ r )1
'bi:1 as k th e w a y la :sk 0 ;) ' w C11 duty-free Idj u:ti'fri:1
reggae I' rcgcll be o n (on e's) way Ibi on \ vCII exc ha nge office !Ik'stJclI1d3 ,0fIS!
rec o rd (" 01l1l) I' rc k ~1 break the journey /brctk 0;) 'd33:nil ex p ire d (passpo rt) /rk'sparod/
rel ease (a single I an alb um) In 'li:sl business trip "brzn ts tnpl foreign cu rre ncy /fo rcn 'ka rons i/
rhythm In o ml (go I t ravel) hy a ir /bar 'co(r)1 green ca rd (US) I'gri:n ku:dl
rock l ro kl (go I t ravel) hy ra il / ba r 'retl/ immigration office r /nm 'qrer] n
sing ISIIJI (go I travel) hy sea IbaI 'si:! ,0fJso(r)1
singer I'snp (r)/ ca tc h (u p With) I k,etJI in valid (passpo rt) /m'viel rd/
so ngw rite r I' s o lJ ra lt ~ r )1 co ve r a dist an ce l, k,w :t( r ) :I 'drstcns/

Words in blue suggeste d fo r t he Hig her level WORD BA NK 155

p assp ort control l,po:spJ:t
kan'trao l/
p erman en t visa l, p3:m:m:mt 'vi-za/
rene w (a passp ort) In 'nju:1
residen t I' rezld:mll
sec u rity check /sr'kjo s rati ,tJck!
tou rist visa "tusns t vi:z.11
va lid (pass po rt) I' v<ehdl
visa I'vI:Z;;#
At the airport' railway'
coach station
a ir line "eal am/
a rrival /a'ra tvl/
boa rd a p lan e / bord a 'pleml
bo arding ca rd "ba.dnj ko:dl
book (a tick et ' a sea t) I bokl
busin ess class "brznts klo:sl
ca b in c rew " ke bm krut/
c h a n ge (t rai ns) ItJcmd31
c h a rte r night I'tJo:to flau/
c h ec k in ( ver b ) /tjek ' 101
c h ec k-in desk I'tJekm deskl
(train) co m pa rt men t /kcm'punmant/
d epa rtu re Idl'po:tJo(r)1
depa rt ure lo u nge /di 'pc n] .laundy
eco no my class /t'k nnami ,klo:sl
excess baggage c ha rge I,ekses
'b<egld3 ,tJo:d31
fa st t ra in I'fo:st t rc m/
fa re Ifeo(r)1
ga te Igcltl
ge t o n , o ff (t he train ' th e bu s)
Igct 'on 1 'ofl
h and lugga ge "hicnd IAg ld31
land /lend/
left-luggage office Ilcft 'h gld3 ,0flSl
lu gga ge (A mE baggage) l'L\gld31
lu gga ge trolle y I' IAgld3 ,trolil
passenger I'presmd3J(r)1
passe nger tra in I' p:.csmd3J trem/
rail wa y pl atform I'reilwcl pla -tform/
reserve (a ticket I a seat) In 'z3:vl
ru nway I'r,\ l1well
sc he d u led flight /jedjurld 'flan /
slee per (carriage ' ca r) I' sli:po(r)1
sui tcase " s u.tkersz
take o ff /terk 'o fl
terminal "taimmcl/
t h ro ug h t rai n I'Om: trcm/
ti ck et "n krt/
plan e / train ti c ket I'plcm I
'trem u kn/
m onthl y ti ck et I'm" nOli uku/
si ngle (A m one-way ) t icket
I'S1 Qgl ttkrt/
p eri od ticke t I' pldnJd ukn/
return t icket /n't a.n ukrt/
season ticket I'si:zn uk u/
t icket o ff ice " ukn oflsl
t imet able "ta tmterbl/
At a hotel
accommodation /akmna'detj n/
11&11 (bed a nd breakfast ) I ,bi: on
'b i:1
(fu ll / ha lf) board Ibo:dl
bo ok a ro om Ibo k J ' cu:ml
156 WORD BAN K
booked up Ibo kt '" pi
c ha m berm a id l'tIelmbomcldl
c h ec k in ' ou t /tjek m I aot l
e n -su ite l on' swi:tl
fu lly b ooked Ifuli 'bo kt/
gu est h ouse I'gest haus/
include (b reakfast) Im'klu:dl
liv e e n te rta in me n t I'l:.uv
cmajeuuna m /
lounge Ilaund:>/
m ake a reservation I,mclk ,1
reza'verjn/
reception /rt'scpj n/
receptionist /rt'sepj ru st/
reserve a room /n.s a.v a ' r u:ml
(single I double I twi n ' fam ily)
ro om Ir u:mI
stay a t / in a hotel I,StCI at I m
hco'tel/
su ite Iswi:tI
th ree-st ar hotel I,Ori: sto: hao'tel/
vacancy "verkonsi/
yo ut h hostel I'ju:O hnstal/
Going on holiday
be on a holida y I ,bi on , 'holodei/
bu y so uve n irs I,ba l SU:VJ'I1IJzJ
ca m p / kremp/
ca m psite I'krempsanl
ca ra va n "kteravien/
go (bac kpac king I wa lking I h ikin g I
cyc ling ' ca m p ing) Igool
go o n holiday /qoc O il 'h nlade t/
h a ve a holiday I,hrev ,1 'h nlade r/
h olida y reso rt "h otodcr n ,z:l:tl
h olida ymaker "h otodermerkatrj/
indi vidual holiday /mdt'vtdual
.h nlad er/
package holida y I'p<ekld3 holoder/
put up (a tent) Iput 'Apl
(h igh ' mid ' low) seaso n I' si:znl
se lf-ca te rin g holida y /sclf'kertamj
.h olader/
(do I go) sightseeing I's<t ltsi:II)1
take a holiday /tetk ,1 'hnladcr/
tent Itcntl
tourist "toarrst/
travel a ge n cy "t rtevl cld3:11lsil
travel a gen t " tre vl eld311 l1
visit tourist attra ctions 1,vlzlt
't uanst ct rzekj nz/
12 Science and
technology
Technology in our lives
aeria l I' c ~m ~ lI
a p p lia nce IJ'plaIJI1s!
battery I' bx t ~ ril
button l ' bAt nl
ca b le I'kelbll
c h a rge ItJo:d31
ch a rge r I' tJa:d3, (r )1
co n n ect io n /ka'nckjn/
di gital (watch) I'dl31l11
e lec t ro n ic /rlek't rnntk/
e ng ine l' end3ml
gadget I' g:.ed 31t1
ge t a prize Igct J ' Pfi:1I1J
h eadph ones I'hedfdonzJ
h ea d set I'hedset!
lens (sillgular) /lcnz/
link IhQkl
m anu al I' m x nj u ~1I
m obile phone z. moo barl 'foon/
m oto r I' m Jot d(r )1
pl u g Ipl" gl
soc ke t "sokn/
st ra p Ist fi:c pl
t echnolog y /tek'n nladgi/
test tuhe I' tcst tju :bl
vcn (Vid eo cassette recorder) Ivi:
si: 'o:( r )/
wire I'walJ(c)!
,1
Sciences and scientists
a rc haeo logist 10:ki'olod3Istl
a rc haeo logy 10 :k i ' o lJd 3il
a rea of research l,cJn:l(r) J\' rt'san]"
biologist Ibal'ol.Jd3Isll
biology Ibal'0lod3il
c hem ist " kermst/
c hem ist ry "kermstri/
co m p u te r science /kcm. pj urta
'sara ns/
co n d uct (resea rch) / kan'd xk t/
d ev elopment /d t'velapm ant/
discover !<.iJs' k A v~( r )1
di scov er er I d l s' k AV;Jr:l( r )1
(ma ke a) discovery /d rs'k a vari/
e n g inee r lend31'11I;J(r)!
e nginee ring Icnd31'l1Ion l)l
(ca rry out I co n d uct I do I perform
a n ) ex pe rimen t /rks'pe nm ant/
(ch em ical' ma tbematica l ,
scie n t ific) fo rmu la I' fJ:mjd!.J!
ge ne t icis t Id3,J'netIslstl
ge ne t ics I d 3J'netI k sl
geulugist Id3i'olod31St!
geol ogy Id3i'olod3il
in vent /m'vent/
invention /m'venjn/
inventor /m'ventotrj/
in vestigate /rn'vesttqert/
linguist !' bl]9Wlstl
linguistics /lnjq'wr st tks/
m a thematician /rnrellama't tj n/
m athemati cs Iml.eOJ'ma:tlksl
p at ent (an inve n tio n) " pen om/
ph ysici st I' flzlslstl
ph ysics "frztks/
p olitical science /pahu kl 'sarans/
p sychol o gi st /sat'k clodjrst/
p syc h ol o gy Isa l'kolod3il
(ca rry out ' do , co nd uct I
undert ak e) research I n' s3:tfl
resea rcher In ' s3:tI ;)(r )1
research ins t it u te /rt'sait] .mstuju n/
research lahoratory /n'san]
lo.bnra tri/
sci e n t ific /saron'ufrk/
sci ent ifi c th eory IS<1101l ,1I flk 'OI Jri!
sc ie n tis t "sa rennst/
so cial scie n ces l,sooII 'S<1 I.JIlSlzJ
sociolog ist ISJoJi' oldd3Ist!
socio logy ISJuIi'ob d3i1
Wo rds in blue suggest ed for the HIghe r level
spe ci a lisa t io n /spejalat'zerj n/ meteor l'mi:tIJ(r)1
speci a lise (in st h) "spejcla tz/ m eteorite "min rcrau/
stat ist ica l d ata /sta.ns n kl 'derto/ o rb it I' o:blll
sta t istics /sta't rst rks/ o u te r s pace /a uta 'spers/
stud y l 'stAd il rocket I' ro k nJ
su rvey I's3:veu satellite z'se talau/
shoot ing sta r I'Ju:tIl) sto :( r )1
Computers space /spets/
space shutt le I'SPCIS JAt l1
a p p licat io n /e pn 'kerj n/
space sta ti o n I'SPCIS sterj n/
CD- rea der Isi:'di:,ri:do(r)1
space tra ve l "spers tre vl/
CD-ROM Isi:di:'roml
spacec ra ft /'s perskrc.n'
C D-w riter Isi:di:'rml;)(r)/
spa ceship l 'spelsJlpl
(d o uble-)cl ic k Ik likl
s pacesu it "spcrsu-t/
co m p u te r program /k om'pj un au-)
the unive rse IQd 'j u:I1IV3:s1
praoqnern/
UFO (u n ide n t ified fiyin g ob ject )
co m p uter prog ramm er /kam. pj u.ta
Ij u: ef ' Jol
'prJogra:mJ(r)1
voyage I'vJlld:y
co n fig ure Ik;)n'flgJ(r)1
co nfigu ration /kcnfr qa'rctj n/
c ras h Ik neII
customise I' kAst:lmarzJ
data I' den ;)1
d a ta ba se I'dCIl:lbelsl
d esktop (co m pu ter) "deskt op/
d o wn load (a file I da ta ) Idao n'loudl
fil e IfaIlI
flop py di sk /flnpi 'd rsk/
h ard d isk Iho:d 'drsk/
h ardwa re /'ho:dwc;)(r)/
install I m 'st ::J:11
IT (info rmatio n tec h nology) /ar 'ti:1
ke y Iki:1
ke ybo ard I' ki:bo:d/
laptop (computer) "heptop/
m emory "memari/
m enu I'mcnj u:/
m onitor I'monnJ(r)/
m o u se Imao sl
o pe n (a p rogram) I'JupJnl
PC (pe rso na l co m puter) /pi: 'si:/
portabl e I'po:lobll
p rin ter I' prmtJ{ r)/
RAM (Random Access Memory)
/nem/
ROM (Read -O nly Me m o ry) lroml
run (a program) I r An /
sca n n e r I'sk<cnJ(r)/
setup /' sctApl
soft wa re I'softwe:l(r)/
surf (the Intern et I the n et I th e web
I th e World Wide Web) ISJ:fl
too lb a r I't u:lbo:(r)1
be o u t of o rder
be p lay ing u p Utlforma/) /bi plcun
'Apl
brea k d o wn /b rerk 'daon/
go dead (informal) /qao 'dedi
ou t o f o rder I,a o t :lv 'J:d:l(r)1
stop wo r ki ng I st o p 'w3:kll)/

Space
a lie n "ctlian/
as t ro n a u t l' <c s t r ~n J : tl
co rnet / 'k DIllIII
co u n td o w n "kao ntdao n/
ex t ra tc r rcs t rial I,ckstrate'restridll
laun ch Ib :ntII
la u nc h pad I'b :nlI p.cd/

Words in blue suggested for the Hig her level WO RD BAN K 1S7
1 Family life
Reading
1 b 2 c 3 a
2 The mother, the father and their ch ildren.
You find th e information in line 2. Th e word 't his' in line 3 refers
back to it and con nects it to ' nuclear family' in line 4.
2 He spent all day at work.
You fin d t he in fo rmation in line 8, wit h lin e 7 int roducing the
'f ifty years ago' t ime frame.
3 She stayed at hom e to man age the house an d look after the
ch ildre n.
You fin d t he info rma tio n in lines 10 a nd 11.
4 Some people t h in k that the fami ly un it is dying because many
modern fam ilies live diffe rent ly from fi fty years ago.
The first sentence in the final pa ragrap h co n trasts the situa t ion
today with what we read about fi fty years ago in the previou s
pa ragraph, an d tells us what some people th ink abo ut th is
change.
S No . Many couples get married. but others do n 't .
There is a gap in t he sen tence (in line 15) where it should say
wh at some 'o ther' people do, bu t the lin kin g word ' but' tells us it
is th e opposite of wh at ' ma n y people' do.
6 Smalle r.
The last sentence tells us th at 't he size of t he average fam ily is
shri nki ng'.
TIP: Notice that the order of que stion s follows the orde r of
information in the text.
3 READING EXAM
I D
It cannot be H beca use 'when ' introduces t he first of two cla uses
that make up the sentence. Because o f t h is, the second cla use,
which starts with t he ga p, m ust have a main verb .
2 A
The verb ' is' tells us this is a passive sentence, so we need a pas t
par ticiple, but we don 't need to pu t ' is' again . The meaning o f t he
sentence decides whether t he cor rect a nswer shou ld be A, B or J.
3 K
Only two p h rases have a passive verb with an 'is', but only K has
the preposition, wh ich links t he phrase to 'a nuclea r family' after
the gap.
4 B
This continues describing t he nuclea r family, and on ly B is
sui ta ble for t h is fu nction. The prepositio n ' in ' is an other clue
which helps us choose t he right answer.
S G
This is a Simple Past sen te nce, so we need a Sim ple Past verb. J
cannot be correct becau se its meaning doesn't fit t he sentence.
The co llocatio n ' make decis io ns ' shou ld also be fam ilia r.
6 J
Th is is th e o n ly answer th at is poss ible gram ma tically a nd th at
also makes sense .
7 E
We need a passive sen tence here in t he Present (E or K). K can not
be at t he en d of a sentence because it fin ishes wit h a preposition .
8 C
Only a noun or an -ing for m can fo llow the prep osition 'w it hout'.
9 I
Th e perso na l pro no un 'they' is needed to refer back to 'cou ples'.
D is not poss ible beca use of its mean ing.
10 F
The collocatio n 'get ma rried ' is a he lp ful clue .
Listening
4 1 A psycho logist.
2 To parents.
3 Five pieces of advice are mentioned in t he reco rd ing. You mu st
choose t hese out o f ID sen te nces (A-J ).
5 a
The clues that mig ht he lp yo u decide about t he to pic: ' no t to a nswe r
telephone calls ' (in B), 'open t he door' (in C), ' leave your children
alone' (in D), ' ho use key' (in E), 'u se t he cooker' (in F), 'a neighbour'
(in H) - which all suggest a ho me co ntext.
158 SMAR T ANSWER KEY
6 LISTENING EXAM
Th e recor d ing gives the following pieces of advice:
A We h ea r 'w hat you really need to assess is thei r mat u rity' as well
as t heir age.
E We hear ' ins tr uct them to a lways keep it in the ir school bag' ,
whe re th e pron oun 'it' refers to the house key.
F We hear 'le ave snacks that they can eat st raight away wit hout
having to cook - using th e cooker is t he leading cause of
accide nts'.
G We hear ' have a med ical kit a nd a fire extinguisher availa ble an d
teach your kids how to use th em ' .
We hea r' lock away ... alcoho lic dr in ks', w hic h gives the same
advice in different words.
~ 01 TRANSCRIPT
Radio presenter
Good afternoon and welcome to ou r programme, 'Family Tips' . Today
we' re talking abo ut the prob le ms pare nts have in decidi ng when their
children are old enough to stay at home by themselves for the three or
fou r hours between school and the time mo the rs ge t back from work. We
have with us in the stu dio, psychologist Alex Clarke.
Alex, at what age is it safe to give children the front door key and what
sort of things sho uld pa rents discuss with their children first to ensure
thei r safety?
Alex Clarke
It is ge nera lly accep ted that kids between ten and t hirteen are capab le of
taking care of themselves and the ir siblings, but what you really need to
assess is their mat urity. If you're co nfide nt they can follow instructions and
ha nd le emergencies, the next step is to establish some rules. Fi rst, have a
plan of act ion for the m to check in with you when they get ho me - it's
importa nt t hey ring you as soon as they get in. Then you shou ld give
the m a call when you leave work to go home. You should agree what to
do whe n the phone rings or if someone comes to the house. It is best to
teach them neve r to open the door to anyone, rega rdless of whether they
know them or not. Then, little by little, get your children used to a new
situat ion whe re they are left alone - initially for a very short time, say,
about 20 minutes. Make sure that you have a trial pe riod in which your
kids can familiarise themselves with using the house key. Instruct them to
always keep it in their school bag and attac h a long key chain that will
help the m to find the key easily. Make emergency numbers available by
leaving them nea r the phone. l eave snacks that they can eat straightaway
witho ut having to cook - using the cooker is the leading cause of
accident s. Show you r children where the medical kit and fire extinguishe rs
are and teach your children how to use the m. l ock away med icines and
alcoh olic drinks. And do n't forget to talk freq uently to your children about
all sorts of situat ions that might happen. You could even use role play as a
techn ique for showing the m how to dea l with such situations.
Use of English
7 clean ing
We use 'e njoy' wit h -ing to talk about wha t we like doing.
2 've clea ned /have cleaned
Presen t Perfect: completed action with relevance to the ti me of
spea king ('already').
3 are clean ed
Presen t Simple passive (in plura l form) fo r ha bitua l act ion .
4 is cleaned
Presen t Simp le passive (in singu lar fo rm ) for habitual action.
S was clea ni ng
Past Continuous for one act ion at t he tim e of another in the past .
6 will be cleaned
Future passive to express a stro ng prediction.
S 1 inven tio n 4 pu blicat io n
2 arr iva l S explanat io n
3 im proveme n t 6 traine r
TIP: Memorise the different endin gs we can use to make nouns of
verbs.
9 Possible a nswe rs:
I If you believe in som et h ing, then t his is one of your beliefs.
2 The departure o f a t rain or plane is when it depa rts fro m th e
airpor t o r station.
3 Whe n people perform t hey give a performan ce, a nd thi s can be in
a t heatre, sports stadium, etc.
10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM 19 Possible answers:
I ha s changed do the washing-up
Present Perfect with a period of t ime that conttnues in the polis h t he orna ments
present. clea n th e bath
2 inven ti on water th e plants
We need a noun after the defi nit e a rticle ' the'. do the hoovering
3 arriva l 20 SPEAKING EXAM
We need a no un aft er the def in ite a rticle ' the '.
TIP : You must follow the requ irements of the situa tion. Make sure
4 was
you talk a bo ut all the three points in the instructions.
The sente nc e co ntinues t he ideas in th e previo us sen te nce, and so
As in the exam ple conve rsation in exercise 17, try to show your
it is t he same ten se: Past Sim p le.
feelings in the way you talk.
5 are expected
Passive verb in plura l form. The prepc stno n 'by ' is a helpfu l d ue. Picture~based discussion
6 Improveme nt
21 J If you have o lder brothers and siste rs, they can
A noun fo rm is needed afte r an ar ticle and a n adj ect ive.
~ you useful advice.
In finit ive witho ut 'to' aft er modal verbs.
Writing 2 In a big fam ily, you may ~ learn to be independent.
In English , adve rbs of frequency usua lly follow the auxiliary verb
Writing an email and come befo re the ma in verb.
11 I Yes 3 If yo ur fam ily is small , you'll probab ly have your own bedroom.
2 No (not where) Thi s is a co nd it ional sente nce , so we need ' if'.
3 Yes 4 Your bro t he rs a nd sisters ca n play mth you whe n yo ur pare nts arc
4 Yes busy.
5 No (no t w hen) Wrong pre position .
6 Yes 22 1 In 2 to 3 as 4 on
12 Possible answer: TIP: These words usually appear toge ther, so it's a goo d idea to
I'm David and I'm from Budapest.. . memorise them as set phrases.
I do my homework after din ner, but I reall y don 't like doing it..
23 SPEAKING EXAM
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include the four points you are told about. You can
TIP : You must make sure you include all the points listed in Exercise talk about them in any order you want.
1. You will lose marks if you miss this information out.
Of course, there are no right or wrong answers here : you just need to
Pay attention to the word count: don't write too much or too little.
explain you r ideas. Using the expressions from exe rcise 22 correctly
Don't try to include other information - for example, do n't descri be
will help you to presen t you r ideas.
what food you eat.

Writing an informal letter

14 1 '1' 2 F 3 T 4 T S F 6 F 7 T Higher level
15 Everybody t hinks, my siste r is very good-look ing. She has a hu ge
ward robe full cl clothes and she:S always well d ressed - but I th ink Listening
she wears too Illl.ldl ma ke-up! U seems she 's/She seems 1.QJ8 q uite
popula r, ~ she has a wide circl e of frie nds. She's always eit he r 1 I a 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 b
out with friends Q[ at ho me talking QD t he phone to them. 2 John 's pa rent s come from lip north and moved
here .bf..fQ.u: he was born.
16 WRITING EXAM 2 Ange la th in ks there are w me problems, in lobn ', fam Uy.
TIPS: You must give all the information req uired : 3 Angela's family are having a big party next month, ~
say who you are desc ribing (for exam ple, ' my co usin Angela') prefe r to do s,omet hing ehe.
explain why you like him/ her 4 John 's expec ted to join h is un cle's company, hut jI's, really bo ring
de scribe his/ her appearance lhlli.
say wha t job/studies he/sh e does. S Angela' s always, tQld he r olde r sbter wha t she sho uld do.
Try to take advantage of the oppo rtunities here: 6 Jo h n 's brot her's never s,tlld irc!at un ive rsity.
use a rang e of adjectives and adverbs in your description
write complex sentences to explain the reasons. 3 LISTENING EXAM
Remem ber to write in an informal style. 1 F
Because hi s parents ' moved down here when they decided t hat
Speaking th ey wa nted to start a family' - in ot her words, 10 have kid..: Jo hn
and hi s brot her.
2 F
Situational role-play She asks him, 'do you get on well with your famil y?' , but she
17 Possible answers: doesn 't say whet her the family seem happy or not .
1 He's going to clean he r windows. , T
2 They're going to mee t after school. She say she 'ca n 't wait for t his party we' re havin g nex t mo nth .'
3 She's going to help h im with h is English hom ework . 4 F
He is ex pec ted to wo rk th e re, but he says 'I t h ink it 's boring.'
. . 02 TRANSCRIPT 5 T
She says her siste r has 'always helped me o ut by telli ng me what
See Key to exercise 18.
to do .'
6 F
18 Agne ta I'm reall y pleased you ca n help me, Ma rk. John says t hat his brot her is ' away at u n iversity' whe re ' he has a
Mark That's OK. I know there's too mu ch ho usework for o ne person IQt of fu n'.
to do. What will you want me to do ?
Agneta CQuld yeu clean the wind ows?
Mark QK. But I'm quite busy right now, Can we do it in t he eveni ng
perhaps?
Agneta I'm going to the cinema lat er? Are YQU free afte r school?
Mar k Yes, )'11 mt'!'t ye ll at ye m home afte r s,choo!
Agneta Fant asticl I mu st return t he favo ur. How call I help yo u?
Mar k CQu ld you 1)(' In me wit h my J:m:!js,h homewor J,;? It's really
d ifficu lt t h is week.
Agne ta 5..uIf..

SMART AN SWER KEY 1S9

 7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
. , 03 TRANSCRIPT 1 C
Angela Th is ad verb is th e only o ne of the fou r optio ns tha t ca n ta ke thi s
I d on 't know y our fam ily very w ell, John . I gue ss I haven 't been to yo ur posit ion in the sentenc e.
hou se tha t of ten . 2 B
A complete beginne r is some one w ho is co m p letely a beginner, a
'ohn
No - you m ust com e round again soon, and have din ner. My pa rent s are begin n er in all way s.
qui te fun . They come from up north, and th en th ey moved down here 3 A
when they decided tha t they wa nte d to sta rt a fa mily. The ph rasa l ver b ' fin d o ut' mea ns 'discover' or ' lea rn ' . No ne of
Angela the other ch o ices here ca n be a ph rasal ve rb with 'out'.
My fam ily have alw ays lived round here. It's full of my cousins! $0, d o you 4 A
g et on we ll wi th yo ur fam ily? You don 't t alk abo ut them as m uch as some The ph rasa l verb 'set ou t' means 'begin' o r 'star t' , par tic ularly on a
peo ple talk ab ou t their fami lies. journey o r process.
jotm
5 C
Oh yea h, they're fine. It's OK. They bo th work hard , so I do n't see them W he n some t hi ng h ap pens, the re are reasons 'why' it ha p pe ns; we
use ' why' w it h 'r easons'.
so m uch .
Angela 6 D
Somet imes I w ish I saw a little less of min e! But in fact , I'm go in g to see A 'process' is a set or collecti o n or series or course of steps or
every body soo n. 1can't wa it for t his party we' re having next month. m o ve m ent s. You do t he se things in or de r to ach ieve a ce rta in
Everyone 's com ing . result.
,ohn 7 D
That sounds like fun. I could do with som e fun . ' Bring' ha s th e basic m ean ing of ' take (so m et h ing) fro m t her e to
Angela h ere', and so is the correct word fo r t h is situati o n, taking yo u
Oh? Is somet hing the matter? fro m no t knowi ng to kn owing peo ple.
John
Well, it's just tha t I'm exp ec ted to follow trad itio n and jo in my uncle 's firm Reading
w hen we finish schoo l, but I think it's bor ing. OK for a holiday jo b,
8 1
maybe, but that's enough...
'Fath ers a re read y to parti c ipate in ta kin g ca re of ch ild ren' m ea ns the
Angela
sa me thing as ' fat he rs want to loo k after the ba by '. ('Baby' is used to
Hm - what can yo u do? In th at kind of situatio n, I always ask my big
refe r to chil d ren in gen eral h ere.) The phrasa l ve rbs 'ta ke ca re' a nd
sister. She' s a lways help ed me o ut by telling me what to do.
'loo k afte r' a re syn o nyms .
John
The ph rase 'yes, rea lly' is no rma lly used in spo ken English to ex press
Yeah, I wou ld ask my o lder brot her, but he 's away at university.
sur prise.
Angela
Better than being in your uncle's firm? 9 READING EXAM
John 1 d
He says yo u have to study hard, but he has a lo t of fun too . We read 'pa renting class es wo uld be a goo d way to give th em
Angela m ore confidence aro un d the home' . Th e in formation in band c is
I be t . me ntio ned, but not in con nection wit h t he parenti ng classes. The
in fo rm at io n in a is n ot me ntioned, even though it fits the
co nte xt log ically.
Use of English 2 b
4 I and We read 'h e sees his respons ibili ties as setting clea r lim its fo r
2 bo t h t hem an d being a ro le model' . In th is sense, 'a n exa mp le ' is a
3 also synonym fo r 'a role m od el '. Sen te nce c is about a d ifferent typ e of
4 too dad (En terta ine r Dad ). The text dearly co n trad icts bo th Cl a nd d.
Sente nces I to 4 have t he same meani ng. 3 b
S t han We read ' Fu lly In vo lved Dads ad just t heir work arrangem en ts to
their partners' professional d uties'. The ot her a ns we rs all conta in
6 to
7 t han wo rds t hat a rc m ention ed in this paragraph , but the genera l
Sen te nces 5-7 have t he sa me mean ing . meani ng is d iffere nt .
4 a
S I so We read 'u nt il we have equal pay ... a nd more opportunities to
2 Because /Since wor k fle xible hour s' followi ng on from 'fee l fully supported on ly
3 why if e mp loyers t rea ted (a nd pa id) bo th sexes eq ually' . The ide a of
Writi ng ' the reaso n ' is not a goo d a nswer h ere. 11 fit s t he 'wo rking fro m home' (se ntence b) is no t men t ioned in the
sentence, but the ta sk is to write o nly o ne word! paragraph. Sen tences c and d on ly focus o n t he m o t her, bu t th e
4 Due /Owing m ain poin t j uue Melio r m akes is about giving eq ua l su ppor t to
Do n 't be tempte d to write 'Acco rd ing' becau se yo u see a gap a nd bo th parents.
'to' at the beg in n ing of t he sen te nce . Always m a ke sure t hat th e
word fits t he mean ing of the sentence. Writing
5 Becaus e
6 t ha t
Thi s se ntence wo u ld a lso be co rrect if yo u left o ut 't hat'. Bu t t he
Writing an argumentative essay
inst ru ct io ns say yo u m ust write o ne wo rd in each gap. If writing 10 Your own an swers.
no t hing in a ga p wa s accepta ble, the ins t ruc tions wo u ld say so! 11 1 co nsi derin g, a nswer
6 br inging 2 think, refer
The phrasa l verb mea ns 're lease '. 3 reaso ns, eve r
2 check 4 look, imp ortance
The phrasa l ver b m ea ns 'leave a ho tel (aft er pay ing t he bill)'. 5 fact ors , co n clusio n
3 pull ed
The phrasa l ver b m ea ns 'wi th d raw'.
4 fo und
The ph rasa l ve rb m ean s 'd isco ve r' .
5 ca rry
Th e ph rasa l ve rb m ean s 'com plete/fu lfil' .
6 set
The ph rasa l ver b m ean s 'start/leave'.

160 SMART ANSWER KEY

12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: l oo k carefully at the statement. It contains thr ee elements, and 2 People and society
you must com me nt on all thr ee.
Firstly. there is th e idea that the family used to be important in Reading
society. You need to say wh ether yo u think this is true or not. You
1 Possible answer:
must give reasons.
About clo thes people wea r/t he way peo ple dress in the office.
Secondly, th ere is the idea that th ing s have changed. You mu st say
what. if an yt hing, you think has changed. Vou must be clear, and 2 b
give examples. The m ea ning of th e ph rase 'd id n' t suit her' in th is con tex t is
Third ly, there is th e idea that th e fami ly is now less important than in 'd id n' t mat ch her sty le' . We wo uld say ' till' d ress d idn 't fit he r' if
the past. You need to say wh ether you think th is is tru e or no t. You the probl em was t he size (c). And she wou ld ha ve bou gh t the
must exp lain w hy or w hy not. dr ess if it had loo ked good on her, so a is wron g.
Consider the wo rd count. You have perh aps 70 or 80 words for each
2 ,
of these th ree points, so you need to write several sentences for each Th e m ea nin g of 'unless' i... ' if not' . The condition of the
one. Make sure you have e nough ideas pre pared before you start repl ace ment is the stamp, w hich is not me n tioned in e ither b or c.
writing. 3 1 c and False
Write in a neutral or formal style. We read 'she'd put on weight and she just couldn't do up t he Zip',
which mea ns t he dress wa... too tight. The problem he re is the stze
Speaking of the d ress t'dtdn't fit'), not the fact t hat Stella d id n't like the
dr ess. (See note in 2 .)
Picture-based discussion 2 a an d True
13 You r o wn a nswe rs.
we read abou t the gua rantee that you must re m em be r to ' have it
sta m ped', ot he rwise the radio can't be replaced . This is exac t ly
14 1 t he rest of wh a t sent en ce a says.
2 your o wn choice of
] th e first step towa rds 4 READING EXAM
.. mo re than just I E a nd True
We read 'clothes ... m ust always be dean '.
1S SPEAKING EXAM 2 D a nd False
You must pay attention to th e question in the task, about which is a We read 'e m plo yees should know what is expected'. This is true of
more important turning poi nt. If you just de scribe the pictures, you t he wo rkplace dress code in a general sense, but there it doesn 't
will not get a good ma rk. say employers have to specify exactly what items of clothing a re
Explore ideas such as those in exercise H . acceptable.
3 A an d True
Debate We read 'some people arc com ing to work in out fits that resemb le
16 I h pyja mas'. Pyjamas are very Info rm al (peo ple sleep in them). In
2 c the previou s sentence, t h is in fo rm at io n is in troduced with t he
] e ph rase 'ex tre me limits', sugges t ing th at t h is beha viour is unusual.
No t b! Different ly from other la ngu ages, 'primary' means ' mos t .. D and True
important'. not 'fi rst'. Th is is a so-ca lled [atse (rimd. We read 'a client who mi gh t be o ffen ded by a mor e cas ual
4 f ap proach ', which means they w o u ld n ot find it acceptabl e.
Not cl! The same prepositio n (' in') is used, but t he meaning is 5 A and False
diffe rent. We read 'so me companies introduced the system ', bu t it is not
5 g mentioned whether they make up the majority of businesses.
6 , 6 C and False
7 b Wc read 'expert s differ in opinions'. There are only 'a few points
they ag ree on'.
TIP : There is ofte n a very simple answer, so you do not always have 7 B and True
to try and find a mo re complicate d one. We read about opponents of th e po licy that t hey ' pointed out
H d th a t casua l dress sty le m ight encourage casua l or sloppy work'.
8 C and Palsc
17 I first of all / firstly
Th e text says 'ri pped and worn-looking jeans' a nd ' faded den im '
2 leave ou t / d isregard
a re una cceptab le, bu t suggest... th at 'dark jea ns wit h a .. . blazer' is
The m ea n ing o f the sentence ca n hel p yo u decide th e best a nswe r
here. Th e phrase 'even if' int roduces a cond itio n un der wh ich the fin e.
statement ' t h is is still a co mplicated issue' rem a ins true.
tG rammancally, 'look at ' / 'co nsider' would also be possible.) listening
3 look at / consider
S
.. moreover / in addition
If you read the two statements carefully, you see they are not Person I Person 2
meant to contradict each other. Both say t hat many people pre fer
a caree r to sta rting or having a fa mily. Male /Fema le? male (a whit e female (young
man) woman )
18 SPEAKING EXAM Age in his for ties in her early twenties
TIP: Try to use at least thre e o r fo ur different argument s to support He ight and fairly ta ll (no
your opinion - avoid repeat ing the same argument again and agai n. weigh t overweig ht, info rm at io n
If your partn er men tions something you didn't think of, try to q uite short abo ut her weight)
respond to the main point in his/h er argument. If yo u' re not sure Hai r cu rly, brown lo ng, wavy, blonde
what they meant, ask them to clarify the ir op inion . Other facial broken nose, (rather) lo ng nose
In this type of task, the comm unication shoul d go bo th ways - it's feat ures moustache
not abo ut giving a lo ng presen tation on the to pic. The examiner Clothes torn blue jeans , short black skirt,
wants to know how you communicate with others, not how much baggy T-shirt black 'l-sh trt. leather
you can talk. jacket , black boots
Other he 's got a tattoo she 's attractive
distinguishing with the word (nothing specifically
featu res ' Angela' mentioned)

6 LISTENING EXAM
I in h is twenties (not fo rties)
2 t hi n (n ot overweight)
3 st raight (n ot cu rly) brow n hair
.. black (not blue) jeans
5 late (not early) twenties
6 tall a nd sli m (the recor d ing doesn't say that she's attractive)
7 red (not blonde) hair
8 whi te t rainers (not black boot...,

SMART ANSWER KEY 161

 Writing
~ 04 TAPESCRIPT
Radio newsreader Writing an informal letter
The police are looking for two suspects in connec tio n w ith the recent 10 I I thi n k bein g a tee nager today is very diffe re nt fro m when my
bank robb ery in Reading . The first suspect is a white man in his twenties . pare nts we re teenage rs.
He is fairly th in, qui te short and he's go t straight, brown hair. He's go t a ' I t hin k' in t rod uces t he idea . The subjec t o f th e sente nce is the
broken nose and has a mou stache. When last seen, he wa s wearing to rn fact of 'bein g a teen ager to day' (for me d wit h th e -illS fo rm ) wh ich
black jeans and a baggy T-shirt. He's also got a tatt oo of a heart with the t akes t he sing ula r verb 'is'. After 'd ifferent' we nee d to use ' from'
wor d 'Angela' w ritten in it. wh ich introdu ces the co ntrast with t he cla use 'when m y pa ren ts
The pol ice are also looking fo r a yo ung woman her late twenties. She's tall were m y age'.
and slim - she's go t lon g, wavy, red hair. Her nose is rather long . When 2 ln so me ways we have m o re freedom to day.
last seen, she was wea ring a sho rt black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket We have to star t with ' In some' becau se of the capital lett er. Then
and white tra iners. we n eed th e sub ject 'we' followed by the ver b ' have' an d the
co m pleme nt 'more freedom', with 'today' co m ing aft erwards.
3 But in ot he r ways life is mo re co mplicated a nd d ifficu lt.
Use of English ' Hut' introduces t he contrast. 'o t he r ways ' co m ple tes the ph rase
7 I possible wit h ' in' . The verb 'is' is fo llo wed by the cont rast: 'more .. .',
There would be an a rticle before the word if t he noun was t he 4 [feel tha t paren ts to day put a lot of pressure on teenagers.
correct an swer. ' I fee l' m ust come first (ther e a re no other ca pita l lette rs) a nd
2 corresponde nce 't hat' links to the opi n ion . The pare nt s put th e press ure a nd th e
A nou n must follow the possessive ad jective 't he ir'. pressure goes on t he tee na gers, in th at order.
3 pract ically S lt is no t po ssib le for eve ry tee na ger to be th e best.
Th e word modifies 'e very', not a nou n, so a n ad ject ive cannot be Havin g sta rted wit h t he cap ital letter in ' It is', we need t he
co rrect . ad jective 'poss ible', a nd t he n t he st ruct ure 'fo r
4 acco m pa nies (some t hi ng/some body) + to + in finitive'.
Th is is the verb for m to m a tch th e sub ject, 'h is assista n t' . Th e 6 Some times I feel I just need some space.
other opt ion. 'co mpanies' is a pl ural no un , not th e third perso n Wc have to start with 'So me ti mes I' because of t he ca pital letter.
fo rm of a verb. Then we nee d a ver b nex t, an d in fact W l ' need to decid e wh ich
S cla rify order t he two verbs shou ld come in . You 'fee t yOll need ', not yo u
Th e st ruct ure 'would like to' must he foll owed by a verb. ' nee d yo u feel'. The last word is t he o bject 'space' , before which
6 character ' v'e say 'how m uch space': 'so me' .
Th e ad jective 'main' mo difies a noun . 11 will/ sh o uld /must
7 depend The modal verb goes wit h t he base fo rm o f t he verb ('be') to
We need a verb afte r t he ad verb of frequ en cy 'o fte n' . express the o pin io n with 'be lieve'.
8 repor t an
A ' reporter' is a person, a ' report' is a t h ing. Th e m eaning of th e Th e in definite article 'a n' here becau se a vowel so un d follo ws in
se nte nce decides wh ich no u n is co rrect. th e next word, 'i mportant'.
S Possible answers: om
acc usto m (ve rb), accustomed (adjective), custo mise (verb), Th e possessive ad jective goes wit h th e plura l ' lives'. (Yo u co uld
custom a ry (ad jective), custom a rily (adv erb), customer (noun) - a lso put 'pe op le's' h ere.)
custom (noun) 2 is
2 fam ou s (ad jective), fame d (adjec tive), famously (adverb) - fa me Singular presen t sim ple th ird person of t he ve rb 'be'.
(no un) t hat /wh o
3 ability (no un), u na ble (ad jective), ably (adverb), inability m o un j -. Relative pro noun to lin k t o the defining rela tive cla use .
able (ad jective) 3 of
4 co n fidence (nou n), confi de nt (adjec tive), confi dently (adve rb), Co mp letes the ph rase 'of co urse'.
co n ftdent tal (adjective), co nfi de n tia lly (adve rb), co n fiden tiality with
(noun) - confide (verb ) Co mpletes th e ex pression 'to spend time wit h (som ebod y)'
S fam ilarity (noun), un famili ar (adjec ti ve), fa m ilia rise (ver b), 4 to
fam iliari sati o n (noun), fa milia rly (adverb) - familiar (ad ject ive) Prefer is followed by 'to + ver b'.
6 iden tify (verb), ide nti fica tio n (no un), id entical (ad jecti ve), th an
iden t ically (adve rb), ident ifie r (no u n), identifia ble (adj ective) - Co m ple te s th e str uct ure ' prefer to + verb + t ha n (something)'.
identi ty (noun) S hi s
7 explore (verb), ex plora tio n (nou n), explo ratory tadject tve) - Possessive adjective.
ex plore r (nou n) wit h
8 refere nce (noun) - refer (verb) Co m ple tes the ex press ion 'to spend time with (some body)'
6 in
TIP: Note and rem em ber th e different endings you ca n use to make Co m pletes the ex pression 'stay in tou ch wit h (somebody)' .
different part s of speec h. at
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM This is t he prepositio n for attendi ng un ive rsity.
1 accusto med 12 Th ese da ys, man y peopl e live together ~
Th e st ructure 'become exposed' suggests we need anothe r gctt tng married.
ad jective he re. 2 I myself ho pe to m married one day.
2 fa mo us 3 I ~ mee t the right person first.
Th e ad jective m od ifies ' peo ple'. 4 [ho pe ['ll be as hap py in marriage as my paren ts ~~.
3 ability S My co usi n wen t to wor k in Scotla nd and m arr ied a Scott ish
Both the definite a rticle 't he' and the preposition 'o f' are clues woma n .
t ha t we need a noun form . 6 Ma rriage de pe nds on high levels o f pa tience a nd understa nd ing.
4 co n fide nt 13 I [) 2 A 3 B 4 C
We use an ad jective after 'fee l'.
14 WRITING EXAM
S fam iliarise
The infi nit ive of the ver b m ust follo w the 't o'. TIPS : You mu st include the three content points listed. You co uld not
6 id en t ify receive a pass mark if you missed o ne out.
The infinit ive of th e ver b m ust fo llow the 'to' . Rememb er that you need to discuss the th ree points in re latio n to
7 exp lore your country. Your pe nt-lend is in the UK, so he/ she doesn't know
The in fin itive o f th e verb m ust fo llow the 'to' . a bout your co unt ry: you have to explain everything clea rly.
8 refere nces Within a tot al of 200 wo rds, you sho uld write a bou t 60 or 70 wo rds
This is th e object of the verb 'explore', a nd the ar ticle 'the' a nd for each co nte nt poi nt: don 't start writing until you are sure you have
t he preposition 'i n' a lso sugges t t h is should be a nou n . The plural e nough ideas to do this.
context ('so ngs') helps us decide th at we need a plural fo rm. Write in an informa l, friend ly style.

162 SMART ANSWER KEY

Speaking 2 READING EXAM
1 F
Situational role-play Th e ph rase ' th is cen t re of London 's cu ltural act ivity' refers back to
t he Royal Nat ional Thea t re, t he Nat ional Film Theat re and th e
15 I B 2 A :\ D -1 C Royal Festival Hall me n tioned in the p revious sen te nce .
16 I idea 2 C
2 suggestio n Th e next sente nce foll ows on from th e previou s two sentences
J int eresting descrihing the 'ca rdboa rd boxes' and each person 's ' m uch prized
-t difficult space'.
5 com plic ated 3 A
17 I Co uld you explain a bit more? The two things mentioned in thls sentence (jobs a nd homes) are
2 How wou ld that work? also me ntioned in th e sen tence be fore and after the ga p.
3 Could you say t hat agai n? 4 B
-1 What sho uld we do aft er that? The p revious se ntence mention s the ad vice th e Bntt sti
5 Do yo u think that idea is best? go vern me nt is giving to people wh o wa nt to do nate to th e
ho me less. Th e sen te nce after th e gap starts with ' Anothe r way you
18 SPEAKING EXAM can help', which mea ns the missing sentence is about a way to
TIPS: There are no right or wrong answers or ideas here. help th em , rat her than abo ut po litician s' o pin io n abo ut them (()J.
It' s im po rtant that you and your partne r listen to each oth er, and 5 E
share ideas. Use the language you have practised in the previous This paragraph talks a bout TJ/(' /Jig / SSII (' in deta il.
exercises.
Make sure that you (an create que stion s based on note s. You could Listening
practise now by w riting out full questio ns for each of the questions in
the no tes. 3 1 F 2A 3G .In se 6 ft 7E 8B
(Some othe r co mbi natio ns are also poss ible, but th e abov e is t he
Picture-based discussion only way to use each word only on ce.)
19 1 name 2 from 3 li vin g -1married
TIP: Memorise these colloca tions, not just the words that ma ke up
S time 6 clo thes 7 st ress 8 like
the phrases.
20 Your ow n a nswers.
21 1 I th ink he) sta nd ing in a tra in statio n. 4 Your own a nswers.
2 He obviously lili&:i skate boa rd ing. S LISTENING EXAM
:3 He's ~ like a typ ical busine ss man .
1 C
.I He's wearing loose, ~ clo thes. We hea r ' I know qu ite a lot about the views and manifestos of
S I guess that he's i! student.
vario us pa rties an d tr y to foll ow what's going on bo t h in t he
6 I suppose I'd have mo re in common wit h th e yo unge r man .
wor ld an d at home. So w hen 1 vote fo r peo p le to represent me, I
22 SPEAKING EXAM know wh at "mdoing',
TIPS : Make sure you do all that is requ ired . You are given four 2 B or C
que stion s abou t two peop le: that 's eight things to say. 3 C or B
Most importantly, you are asked to compa re and contrast the two We hea r ' I'm goi ng to vote in the general elect ion next year' an d
peo ple. You need to co mment abo ut each person for each qu estion , 'when I vo te fo r people to represen t me, I know what I' m do ing',
a nd then make a comparison or contrast between them . -1 A o r C
5 C or A
We hear ' I' m int e rest ed in many aspects of polilica llife, cs pecla tly
Higher level int ernational relations a nd th e way human rights a re vio lat ed in
many co unt ries in Africa an d Asia' a nd ' I try to follow what 's
goi ng o n bo th in the world and at h ome' .
Reading 6 11 o r 0
7 nor H
l I e
We he ar 'Th ey seem to have no idea a bo ut how to rule th e
We read 'At th e sout he rn end of Wat erloo Bridge .,. sta nd the
co untry ' and 'co m pletely uneducated people becomtng officials
Royal Natio na l Th eatre, th e Nat ional Film Th eatr e a nd th e Royal
and doing jobs they kno w no t hing about '
Festiva l Hall. ... They have beco me a mecca fo r the hom eless.'
8 A
(The word 'mecca' he re mea ns 'a place th at man y people visit for
We he a r 'I'm int erested in .. . int ernational rea tt ton s a nd ...
a pa rticular reaso n' .)
human rights .. , in man y countries in Asia ami Africa' and ' I
2 f
don 't pay attention to our local problems .'
We read ' a th eat re play d irected by the now fam ou s Oscar-winner
,.. Sam xten des'.
3 d
We read 'The 1980 s saw an e no rmous inc rease ... man y
unemployed came to .,. especial ly Lond o n, wh ere jobs were easier
to fin d '.
4 a
We read 't here are arou nd 100 ,000 homeless peo p le'.
5 g
We read 'a no t her way you ca n help is to bu y a w py of Til e Big
Issue',
6 b
We read 'Tile Hig Issue is a success on many levels'.
7 c
We read ' Tile Hig Issue has become in te rnational'.

SMART ANSWER KEY 163

 Writing
' " OS TRANSCRIPT
Ra dio p resenter Writing a student magazine article
Hello everyone. In ou r prog ramme, 'The World Around Us', we've asked 8 I be 2 m a ke 3 get ..J spend 5 have
four teenagers from different co unt ries abou t their po litic al views. Here's
what they told us. TIP: These are useful collocations (wo rd that ofte n go together),
Speake r A wh ich you ca n use to desc ribe relationsh ips.
I'm in terested in m any aspect s of po litica l life, espec ially int ern atio nal 9 1 humour 4 lo ya lty
relations and the way hu man rights are violated in ma ny co unt ries in 2 int elligence S pati en ce
Africa and Asia. I believe it's unfair the way people in the third wo rld have 3 honesty 6 kindness
to face so many prob lems they just cannot cope with and, at the same
time, all the economically developed coun tries become richer and riche r. TIP: l ook at t he word endings in this e xe rcise after you've co mpleted
There's so much food wasted in one place and in anoth er peop le are exercise 10, as we ll. Remember the various ways we can ma ke nouns
dying . I don't pay any attention to o ur loca l prob lems, all those con flicts out of adjec tives.
between variou s parti es. I don 't vote because the re is no political party 10 1 honest
worth voting for. 2 kind
Sp ea ke r 8 3 intellige nt
Well, what I dislike abo ut our politicians is that they co nstantly criticise ..J patient
previous governments but they don't really do anyth ing to im prove the S loyal
situation. They seem to have no idea about how to rule t he country; 6 hu morous
some of the rece nt regula tions are absurd. I can't see any political optio n Th e adj ective 'h um o ro us' is sligh tly different fro m th e ot hers in
that would meet my expectations. I'm go ing to vote in the ge neral t h is exer cise . It's more commonly used to describe a sit uat ion o r a
electio n next year because I want to do what I can to red uce the num ber story that we find amusing. We prefer usin g 'fun ny' to describe a
of unsuitable politicians in Parliament. I'm no t very opt im istic, tho ugh . person who's am using and enterta in ing.
Speaker (
11 Your own an swer s.
Politics is important because it affects o ur life. If you want to be a
respo nsible citizen, it's your o bligation to participate in the po litical life of 12 As
your country. It's a chance to influence the decisions that are important. Co mpletes t he expression 'a s far as I'm con cern ed /I know'
Besides, if you don't do anything, you have no right to criticise anybo dy. I 2 is
have q uite strong political views. I read the papers and watch the news, I Singu lar of t he verb 'b e' .
know quite a lot about the views and ma nifestos of various part ies and try 3 who/that
to follow what's going on bot h in the wo rld and at home. So when I vote Relat ive pronou n to link to th e 'peo ple' . This is a defini ng relative
for people to represe nt me, I know what I' m doing. cla use, so 't hat ' is possible as well as 'wh o' .
Speaker 0 4 are
If I cou ld vote, I'm not sure I would do it, because all the governme nts Plural of the verb ' be'.
we've had have disappointed me. It makes me feel ang ry and powerless S why
to see co mpletely uneduca te d peo ple becom ing officials and doing jobs Use 'why' wit h ' reaso n' or 'reason s'.
they know not hing about. What 's even wors e, most of th em are co rrupt. 6 of
They don't really ca re about the peo ple who chose them and the ir o nly Completes t he phrase ' first of all '.
aim is to earn as much as possible. 7 to
Completes t he phrase ' in order to '.
8 In
Use of English Completes t he phrase ' in addition '.

6 I They are wa rm-hearted. open a nd frien dl y people. 13 WRITING EXAM

2 St Patnck's Day, on 17 Marc h eve ry yea r. TIPS: An art icle in a magazine is designed to be read by many
3 The first St I'a trtck's Day Parad e was or gan ised in Boston in 1737 . peo ple. They will choose to read it, and co ntinue reading to the end
4 Most places where the Irish have em igrate d . Coun tries m en t io ned of it if, and o nly if, they find it inte resting . Don 't write just abo ut
in clud e Irela nd (Dublin), the UK (Lo ndon), t he USA (New York) you rself and your friends - try to ma ke your ideas more genera lly
and Australia (Sydney). interesting.
5 It co m m em o ra tes a Ch ristian saint, but it is a celeb ratio n for a ll Friends and friend ship are the subjects of many films and TV
Irish peo ple. progra m mes - you can think abo ut these to give you ideas.
Use different ways of presen ting your opinions - do n't just w rite ' I
TIP : Notice tha t the qu estions follow th e orde r of the informat ion in
th ink.. .' every time.
th e text .
7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM Speaking
l one / passport
You can repeat th e noun from the first half of the sentence, o r use Picture-based discussion
'one' to avoi d repe tition. 14 Your own answers.
2 The
When we refe r to a group of people in genera l (t he rich, the TIP: There is no righ t or wrong answer he re. The po int is using th e
English, the hom eless), we u se ' the' to ma ke t he ad jective in to a appro priate ph rases fo r speculating about th e girls in th e photo. Look
noun. at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for a list of phrases you ca n use.
3 any 15 Possib le answer:
The structure ' m o re t ha n an y ot her' frequ ently occurs in It's probably the description o f th e girl on t he left, the one wea ring a
comparisons. da rk b lue to p wit h a red str ipe .
..J everybody / everyone
16 Your o wn a nswers.
We need a subject here that takes a th ird person singu lar verb.
S are 17 1 seems 3 tell S seem
Th e pa ssive form after the gap sugges ts th at we nee d th e verb 'be' . 2 way 4 expec t 6 poss ible
Th e subject 'pa rades ' is plural. TIP: These are also useful phrases for specu lating, which yo u might
6 it wa nt to mem orise.
This is the general subject 'it'.
7 or 18 SPEAKING EXAM
The gap is befo re the last item in a list. It can not be 'and' because TIPS: Try to re lax and take your time with this.
the sentence is abo ut an yone cit y from t he places me ntioned, not The fou r questions will ta ke you thro ugh in a logical o rde r.
about a// of them . Remem ber th at beca use there are four peo ple in the picture, you can
8 Although easily make compa risons and co nt rasts between them.
Th e firs t half of th e sentence de fines t he m eani ng of th e day in Use th e langu age you have prac tised in the previou s exercises.
one way, the second half gives a differ ent interpret at ion, wh ich
partly contradicts t he first half .

164 SMAR T ANSWER KEY

Debate 7 LISTENING EXAM
19 Agr ee: That's right ! I I couldn't ag ree with you more. I Absolutely! / I We hear ' If you thi nk you are n ot o ne of t hose peo p le whose
My poi n t exac t ly. I bu yin g habits are influenced by adve rtise ments, yo u are m ost
Disagree: I'm not sure th at's true. I Surely you do n't th in k that.. . I J probably m istake n'.
don 't see ho w/ wh y. I Actuall y, ... 4 We h ear 'over th ree q uarters had n o problems ma tch ing the m ost
Acce p t t hat t he other pe rso n 's righ t: I see you po int. 1 1 ca n go po pu lar de terge nt brands wit h t heir advertisin g slogans'.
a long wit h th at. / 1 ta ke your point. S We h ea r 'The mu sic, th e sme lls, the a rra ngements of p rod ucts, t he
Pers uade the ot her person that you're rig ht: Have you reductions, all have o ne goal ... to get as much money as possi ble
considered .. .? I Do n't you agree? o ut of o ur pocket s' .
And your ow n answers. 7 We he a r '94% of the peo ple ta kin g pa rt in th e survey adm itt ed
th ey buy betw een one and five th ings more than is really beyond
TIP: Practise differe nt ways of respo ndin g to the ot her perso n's t he necessa ry, each t ime th ey visit a supermarket'.
arg uments. Make lists of th e various phrases you can use. 9 We he ar 'never go shopping on an empty stomach ... you'll buy
20 SPEAKING EXAM to ns of un necessa ry foo d'.
TIP: This type of task often conta ins a very generalised state me nt
t hat's diff icult to agree with. This is intended to help yo u take a side. ' " 06 TRANSCRIPT
Make sure you use a good variety of ph rases (from exercise 19 and If you think you a re no t o ne of those peo ple whose buying habits a re
th e Speaking Bank on page 128) to react to your part ner's influenced by adve rtisem en ts, you are most probably mistaken. The latest
arguments . Try to make clear a rguments to supp ort your o pinion, survey made by The Consume rs' Federat io n shows wh at effect modern
an d avoid re peat ing yourse lf too much. adve rtising tech niqu es have on the decisions of supermarket customers.
Don' t forget that this is not persona l, so don't get upset whe n your 150 peo ple were asked to fill in a short q uest ionna ire just as they we re
partner keeps contradicting you. leaving a Tesco supe rmar ket after finishing their shopping.
Only 15% of the people adm it they buy th ings beca use they've seen
them advertised. The gre at majority insist they do not even wa tch
3 Shops and services com mercials o n te levision. However, over three qua rters had no proble ms
mat ching the most popu lar detergent brands with the ir adve rtising
Reading slogans. And over 60 % of the washing powder in the ir shopping tro lleys
belo nged to one of th e three most wide ly advertise d brands.
1 a Most peop le do not rea lise that advertising aims not on ly at pe rsuading
The a rticle is about the cafes, a nd although it m enti on s both them to buy a ce rta in brand . It's also all the techniques super ma rkets use
un healthy food and the English breakfast, it doesn't te ll us about to make custo me rs buy mo re than they have actually planned . The mus ic,
these t hings in deta il. th e sme lls, th e arrangeme nt of prod ucts, th e red uctio ns, all have one goal
- to get as much mo ney as possible out of our pockets. 94% of the
2 b
peopl e taking part in th e survey adm itted they buy betwee n one and five
Think about wha t the ima ge suggests. When so meone is on their
th ings mo re than is really necessary, each time they visit a supe rmarket.
knees , it mea ns th ey have bee n defeated.
How to avoid spe nding too much? Here a re a few tips:
2 a
First of all, always make a sho pping list a nd stick to it, no matter what
All the th ings me ntioned are foods.
special offe rs you com e acro ss.
3 b
Second ly, never go sho pping on an em pty sto mach - you' ll buy tons of
The list of people that follows the phrase is a clue.
unn ecessary food.
3 I +
It you really have to take child ren with you, ag ree in advance wh at one
2 -
th ing yo u'll buy th em an d do n't change you r mind later, when they get
3 +
tired or excited.
Altho ugh t his is subjective. Som e people ma y not like having t oo
And, ab ove a ll, limit th e time spen t in sho ps to a n ab solute m inim um;
much choice.
don 't treat shopping as a leisure-time activity.
4 +
Do we have any chan ce in the battle against the powerful advertisin g
5 -
ma chine? I doubt it. Most of us like spe nding time in supe rmar kets, even
But so me people m ay fin d crac ked lin oleum cha rm ing ly
if we don't rea lize it. It's become on e of ou r favou rite pastimes, something
old-fas hioned.
like huntin g co mbined with a fa mily picnic.
6 -
7 +
8 + Use of English
4 READING EXAM
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I c
We read 'they are an essen tial part of life in th e UK, es pecia lly for I c
peopl e living in bigger cities'. Th e collo catio n is 'success story'.
2 b 2 c
We read 'they usuall y have ... a huge m enu offering a wide Present Perfect wit h 'si nce'.
variety o f delig hts'. 3 d
3 b Th e colloc at io n is 'ru n a shop/business'.
We read 'In a typical greasy spo on, yo u will find people from all 4 c
wa lks of life' . Th e meaning we need here is 'ma de a dec ision to do so me thi ng'.
4 c 5 b
We read 'y ou have to be rea lly brave to eat it first t hing in th e We need an o b ject in the struct ure: find (somet h in g) + ad jective.
morning, becau se it is h uge' . Whe n the ob ject is a who le cla use or sen te nce, we use 'it' to avo id
5 a repeat ing all the informati o n.
We read 'noth ing ca n beat the rea l thing' (not h ing ca n be bett er 6 d
tha n the real greasy spoon cafes). Thi s sen te nce su ms up th e The mea ni ng of the wor ds he lps us dec ide.
wri ter's opini o n, wh ich is ve ry positiv e. 7 b
Th is sente nce in t roduces an argumen t wh ich co n tra dicts the ideas
Listening in th e previo us sen te nce, so a lin king wo rd wit h a contrasti ng
me ani ng is neede d.
5 The best sum ma ry is 2. 8 b
O nly o ne sen te nce men tio ns TV ad vert ising, and none of th em talk Th is is the only phrase of th e fo ur t hat can be used befo re the
about preventing adverti sin g from in flue n cin g o ur behaviour. ve rb.
6 1 Band C
Sent en ce A uses similar wo rds, but the overall m eanin g is co m plete ly
diffe rent.
2 A an d n
Th is is more difficult because it suggests th at 'we' a re all 'shoppers'.
C is ve ry sim ilar in meaning, bu t it doesn't talk abo ut how t he fact
affec ts us whi le the ot he r sentences do.
3 A a nd C
Sentence B is the on ly one that m entions ad verti sing.

SMART ANSWER KEY 16S

 9 rates (an cx tsttng co llocation ' success rate' that 's
actually wro ng in th is co n text)
2 wou ld grow (another form of th e verb 'grow' but not Prese nt
t'er fec n
3 ope rated (a synoll}'m of ' run' but it can o nly refer to mach iner y
or an orga nisation , not to a shop or busin ess)
-l settled (a syn o nym of ' resolved' but without the sugg esti on of an
action you deci ded to take)
S thinks about it (similar mean ing , but doesn't fit the sentence
grammatically)
6 esti mated (different mean ing , but similar for m to 'estimable,
whic h is al so a wrong an swer )
7 by th e way (a link word , but not the right meaning)
B an y mo re (the right meaning but cannot be used before the verb )
NOTE : In this task, the point is that the ext ra wrong answe rs have 10
be similar to the options a--d in one way or another.
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Possible answers:
IB 2 A 3A 4 A S R
6B 7 A 8B 9 R
11 Your own idea s.
12 Your O\vn answers.
13 an
'Que stio n' needs the indefin ite art icle , a nd it needs to be 'a n'
because of the vowel sou nd of 'easy' afte r it.
be
' Have to ' is followe d by t he base form o f a verb. 'Be considered' is
passive .
2 It
English requires a sub ject for every sentence, even w he n It seems
to have little mean ing, as here.
no t
Th is is required to make th e mean ing negat ive.
:~ to
Th is completes the str uct ure 'way(s) to + verb'
eac h
Co mpletes 'each et he r'.
4 nf
Completes the ex pression 't ime of (some t hing)'; he re th e 'great
change' is what characterises the time we a re living in .
is
Singu lar present simple of 'be', used in t he structu re 'be go ing to '
10 describe the future.
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : First you need to decide how to respond to the statement. You
could agree with it, disagree with it, or make a mixed respo nse - for
example, you could accept that post offices are not necessary when
there is email etc, but you could say that they should stay open as a
community service.
Your introdu ction should briefly say what you are going to argue. The
paragraphs that follow should be a series of clear and logical step s.
You should write in a formal style.
You should link your argument5 dosely together. Make sure you have
some useful ways of doing this ready. Use language such as, 'There
are a number of reasons why .. .', 'When you conside r situations such
as.. .', ' Despite the fact that the Internet.. .', and so on .
Speaking
Situational role-play
15 I What t tme would you like me 10 go shopping fo r
yo u?
' Wh at tim e' is sim ila r to 'when'. Note the o rder of 'wou ld you like
me 10 ' in a qu estion .
2 what t hi ngs do you need me to get fo r you?
'Th ings' is th e sub ject of the sentence. Note the use of the
auxiliary 'do ' to fo rm q uest ions.
3 How m uch a re you prep ared to spend altoge t he r?
Note t he word order 'are yo u prepared ' for th e question form, anti
th e position o f ' altoget her' afte r t he ver b 'spe nd ' .
-I Whic h sho ps do you t h in k I sho uld go to?
Note th e use o f 'do ' and th e word o rde r for th e q uestio n fo rm .
S Wh en do es t he su perma rket shu t toda y?
Note t he use o f the aux iliary 'does' to form th e question .
6 Wh o arc you goi ng to give the prese nt to ?
Not e t he word order to fo rm t he ques tio n.
7 Why don 't yOll want th e la rger pack?
Not e t he use o f the negati ve aux iliary 'don't' to form t h is negauve
quest ion .
166 SM A RT A NSWE R KEY
16 A I need a new came ra batter y and some pnn tcr
paper.
B I expec t you 'll find everything will Low t' rfce Store .
C Here' s a 20 not e - I ca n' t afford ~ than that.
D It wou ld be great il you went tom orrow morning.
E It's fur my cousin a nd his wife 's wedd ing ann iversa ry.
F I don 't use them very often, so t hey last me a lo ng time.
G I'm no t sure if it 's 7 or 8.
17 I 0 2 A 3 C 4 B S G 6 E 7 F
18 Your ow n ideas.
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The requirements of the speaking task are both dear and
specific. You must include these in your discussion.
Your discussion will be much more interesting if you react to what
each other says. You can say that you also like something, or you can
be surprised by the cost of something. Maybe finding a suitable time
can be a little complicated.
See this as an opportunity to talk together, not a race to finish as
quickly as possible.
Picturebased di s cussion
20 l e 2b 3d -la 5c
Tip: Make sure that the sentences halves match grammatically as well
as logically.
21 Your own ideas.
22 I Unli ke 3 If we consider
2 Co m pared to -lThe issue o f
TIP: These are useful phrases for comparing different ideas or images.
23 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You should use the structure for speaking provided by the
exam task. You have a list to follow, containing several thing s to
com pare/co ntrast in relation to the pictures.
There are many thing s that you ca n say a bout this subject. There are
no right or wrong answers. You have your own experiences which
you ca n make use of when spea king.
You could also refer to othe r kinds of shops as well as the ones shown
in the pictures here. This could suppo rt your ideas.
Try to use structures and phrases such as the ones in exercise 22 to
show whe n you are introdu cing a new part of your discussion .
Higher level
Reading
1 I Fashion.
You find the information in line 3, in the first paragraph . This is
confirmed by the information in lin es 18-19, in the th ird
paragraph where the text mentions the ' retail-clo th ing indust ry'.
2 Bubble juniors (9- to i-t -year-old daught ers of japanese w ome n ).
You find the information in lin e 11, in the seco nd paragraph .
3 They are the only dynamic cu stomers left in the Japanese
economy.
You find the information in lin es 9.10, in th e second paragraph.
TIP: You should be able to find out what the general subject of an
article is from the first few paragraphs. These paragraphs introduce
the topic, while later paragraphs give further details or the writer's
(and others ') views.
2 READING EXAM
F
We read that 'bubble jun iors ' are ' the 9- to I-t-yea r old da ugh ters
of Ja pan ese women. Boys are not referred to as ' bubble jun iors'.
2 T
We read 'They are the potential t re ndsetters, like coll ege girls in
the 1980s a nd hig h-school gir ls in the 1990s'.
3 F
Wc read 'sales ... have shrunk by alm ost 10' )(1in t he last five
yea rs' .
4 T
We read 'Th ey don 't wa nt to wear w hat's in tile kids' sect ion.
Rather, t hey mix mature sty les with bright co lours ...' ,
5 T
We read 't he ta rget age group is shrin king'.
6 F
we read 'bubble mums, u nlike th ose o f ear ne r generations, are
com for tab le spen di ng a fortune on out fits' .
 7 P Use of English
We read ' Nl cola . .. printed 1O,(XXJ copies of an issue', The art icle
doesn't say that it's something that happpens ever y month. 6 The best summary is c.
8 T Newspapers oft en use short, effecti ve words in th eir titl es to grab
The sentence is a summary of the final paragraph . read ers ' attention. The verb ' h it' is used inst ead of ' ha vc a ne gative
impact on' .
Listening 7 It (pro bab ly) contributed to the appearance of h oles in the ozon e
layer, inc reased po llution and ca used th e (po lar) ice ca ps to m elt.
3 I ~HT S F524
2 June the 13t h 6 34 .49
2 2.6 kilog rams in 199 7, 2.2 kilog ra ms (or 1,000 cups) in 2002.
:I j un 7 04 75 8384
3 Co ffee, iced tea and healt hy dr ink alte rna tives, fo r exa m ple fruit
; JGX 8 VBVW
teas.
4- Tur key, t he UK and Ind ia.
TIP; If you made any mistakes in this exercise, now think about w hy
you made these mista kes. Which sounds or ty pes o f stress are d ifficult TIP: The order of questions usually follows the order of informat ion
for you?
in the article .
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 07 TRANSCRIPT I been
This is a pa ssive verb in t he Present Perfect tense.
See Key to exercise 3 above.
2 lot
Th e ph rase refers back to the fairly high co ns um pt io n figures in
4 Your own answers. t he previ ous sentence. Ot her synonymous ph rases cannot follow
th e ar ticle 'a'.
S LISTENING EXAM
3 Apa rt
I Bnwles S beige The collocation 'apart fro m ' m ea ns t he sa me th ing as 'bes ides',
2 Heat h 6 2 4.99 which could also be used to intro d uce connected facts.
3 BY) 7RX 7 calcu lator 4- to I towards
-I travel bag
The ph rasal ve rb is 'tu rn to ' or ' turn towards' to sugge st a change
in customers ' be haviour,
~ 08 TRANSCRIPT 5 however I conversely
Man A linking word with a contrasting meaning Is ne ed ed here to say
Go-World Home Delivery. How may I help you? that hot tea consumption is decreasing. but iced teas are
Woman becoming mo re popula r.
Oh, hello. I'd like to place an orde r. 6 such
Man Wc use 'such as ' to gin' a n exa mple here for ' he a lthy d rink
Certainly . I'll just take the det ails. a lte rnatives' me nt ioned before t he ga p.
Woman
7 eve n
Right. Ve ry o ften. 'eve n ' is used 10 reinforce ' though'.
Man
8 fo r
Can I start by taking your name please? The verb ' look for ' m eans 'sea rch' or 'see k'.
Woman
Yes, it's Bowles, Iesska Bowles. Writing
Man
rs that Iessica with a G or a J? Writing a letter of co m p la in t
Woman 9 Your own idea s.
With a J. And then it's BO-W-l-E-S.
10 Alth ough our flight was delayed by three hours, we didn't receiv e
M an
an explanation .
Fine. And your address...
2 We were ext remely surprised beca use our hotel room was never
Woman
cleaned d ur ing our stay.
It's num be r eightee n, Hea th Stree t, Byford . That's H EA-T-H.
3 lt was very di sappointi ng th at t he gu ided tour of the his to ric city
Man
ce n tre was ca nce lled.
Good. And I need the post code.
4- We beca me te rribly tire d because we coul d hea r cars an d buses all
Woman
n igh t.
Oh yes, of cou rse. It's B-Y- l , er, 7-R-X.
Man
I A 2 C 3 D 4- B
R-X, thanks. Fine, right now, what was it you wanted to order? 11 WRITING EXAM
Woman TIP: This kind of writing task require s yo u to use your imagination.
Welt, I've been looking in the catalogue, and I'd like to get a travel bag. Don't be too imaginative - terrible problems on your holiday o n the
Man moon and S80 billion com pensation are fun ideas, but for the exam
They'r e great quality, yes. And good value. They're available in a range of yo u should be practical.
colours. Think abo ut how you will me the 200-250 words . The fourth point is
Woman probably goin g to be sho rter than the others.
Yes, an d I think it's the beige th at appeals most. For the third point, make sure you are d ea r about how you we re
Man affected. Don't just say ' I was very angry'; it's be tte r to say some th ing
Very nice. You've seen the price? about the late train meani ng you m issed your dinner at the hote l, so
Woman had to go to a restau rant so you spent more money, etc .
Yes, they're twenty-four po und s nine ty-nine pe nce each, or twenty-two Write in a forma l, business-like style.
ninety -nine if you buy two.
Man
That's right.
Woman
Well, I only want on e.
Man
Fine. Now have yo u chosen your free gift? From the ones shown on page
twenty in the cata logue?
Woman
Oh yes, a diary or a calculator. I thi nk a calcu lator wo uld be useful.
Man
Good cho ice. OK, we ll, I'll pu t this straight thro ugh and then you sho uld
be ge tt ing th e .

SMAR T A NSWER KEY 167

Speaking
Picture-based discussion
12 Your own ide as.
13 ill my opinion, supermarkets offer an exce llent
range of dif feren t goods to choose from .
Th e phrase 'in (one's) o pin ion' is a useful one to
remem ber, when yOll have to talk about your
views.
2 I thi nk!!l.itl superma rkets h ave too many products on their
shelves.
3 What do I want with twen ty kinds of washi ng powder - I QD1x
~ I have only one wash ing machine.
The position of 'only' usua lly depe nds on what you want to
emphasise: before the verb, it refers to the whole statement, after
the verb, it refers to t he object ('one washing m ach ine'). In t h is
sentence, the re's no real difference in mean ing.
4 It's much bette r to have choice when you are shopping - the re are
so many delicious foods in the world a nd J don 't wa nt to m iss
any.
14 I Although
'Although ' is used to connect two co ntrasting ideas or facts, both
in complete sentences.
2 and
'And' lin ks two related th ings together.
3 because
'Because' is used when what comes after it gives the reason for
what co mes before it.
4 Despite
'Despite' is used to co nnect two contrasti ng ideas or fac ts, where
one of them is a noun ph rase a nd t he other is a co mp lete
sentence.
15 5PEAKING EXAM
TIP: In this situation, the exam task requi res you to prod uce a lot of
ideas . You should be able to do th is by looking at the picture and
thinking at t he same time. Then you will produce ideas like the list in
exercise 12.
Try to make use of other ideas as we ll as your own opin ions. For
example, although you may like supe rmarkets, you ca n say, 'many
people, especially older people, prefer to go to small, local shops
because they enjoy chatting to the people who wo rk the re.'
The question is about 't he cus tomer', and there are ma ny diffe rent
customers - use this fact to help you produce lots of ideas .
Debate
16 Your own a nswe rs.
Tip: Try to th ink of more than one way of completing each counter-
argument.
17 5PEAKING EXAM
TIP: First decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. Think of
your arguments - but don't fee l you have to use every one of them
before you finish. It's more important to respond ap propriately to
what you hea r than to persuade you r part ner that you're righ t.
Make sure you respond to every statement your partner ma kes, either
by saying you agree or using the phrases from exercise 16 o r the
Speaking Bank on page 128 to present counter-arg uments.
4 Home
Reading
1 B.
The helicopter is used to set the scene, but if you read the paragra ph
carefully, you find tha t it te lls us a lot more about t he way English
people live.
2 2 A
Key wo rds include: 'mislead' a nd 'confusing'.
3 C
We read 'The house numbers are ... camouflaged' (h idde n or
disguised) .
4 D
We read 'The ma nia for home Im provem en ts is massive'. Th e phrase
'nest bui lders' refers to peo ple who spend a lot of time a nd effor t
making thei r homes more comfortable to live in.
S II
We read that DIY is 'an o pportunity to exercise our creat ive talents'.
Th e reference to 'artists' in the heading here is an exaggeration.
168 SMART ANSWER KEY
3 I Our neighbo urs
Third person plural noun to match the third perso n plural
pronoun .
2 t he house
It can not logica lly be 'the price', the o n ly other noun 'it' might
refer to.
3 She considered it the happiest period in her life.
Her happiness was the reason for he r buying a house.
4 READING EXAM
1 E
The phrase 't hese boxes' refers back to 'rows o f small boxes'
mentioned in the previous sentence.
2 A
Th e wor d 'its' refers back to 'a n Englis h hom e' mentioned in the
previo us sentence.
3 D
Th e m ean ing of the wo rd 'camouflaged' is explained in t he
missing sen tence.
4 F
Th e second part of t he m issing sentence refers forward to the
infor mation about t he English people's obsess ion with home
improvements in the next sentence.
S B
Th e statement before t he gap is commented o n in th e missing
sentence. Then the nex t sentence 'we see the arrangeme nt ... as
a n expression of our un ique personal taste' refers back to 'we like
to t h ink ' in sentence H.
Listening
5 Possible answers:
cannot be 1988 o r 2003, as the numbers are too large for
distances wit hin a count ry.
2 definitely cannot be 1988 or 2003, an d the speaker would not
likely to have been 38 or 68 when h is bro ther was born.
3 is probably 38 or 68, or maybe 20, but not less or more.
4 can o n ly be 2, 3 or 4 because people do n 't nor ma lly have 20
bedrooms o r mo re in their homes .
S can only be 1988 o r 2003 because it's about a year.
6 is probably 20 or 38, or maybe 68, but not less or more.
7 may be 2, 3 or 4 because the speaker is talking about a flat he
shared with other stu dents, not a ha lls of reside nce or hos te l.
6 L15TENING EXAM
I 20
2 3
3 68
4 2
5 1988
6 38
7 4
We he a r 'Five of us rented a flat in the city centre' but this
number includes the speaker, too.
~ 09 TRANSCRIPT
Whe n I was born, my parents were living in a house in a sma ll village
about 20 kilometres from the capital. I was three years old whe n my
brother was born and my parents decided that we needed a la rger home.
We first moved into a rented flat for fifteen months while the new block
of flats we we re going to move to was being completed. I don't think my
pare nts liked the rented flat because it was smaller than our old ho use.
We finally moved into the capita l at the beginning of 1988. Our flat
wasn't really large, only 68 sq uare metres, but there was eno ugh room for
two adults and two small boys. There we re two bedrooms, a cosy living-
room wit h a balco ny, a small bathroom and a kitchen, where we used to
have the fa mily mea ls, as well.
I started school the following September, and my brother went to
kindergarten. I still remember my first day at school. I eve n remember
that the re we re 38 students in my class - but of course I've long forgotten
most of thei r names by now.
We lived in the same flat all the time I was at school. I only moved house
again when I started un iversity in 2003 . I decided to study forestry so I
had to move to a town near the border. Rents were quite expensive, so I
decided to move into a shared flat. Fiveof us rente d a large flat in the city
cen tre, and sha red all the housework. I had the time of my life! I' m still
living in the same town, but I' m sharing with just one person now. It's
mo re comfortable bu t I often miss the big parties we used to have at the
ot her place.
Use of English 16 WRITING EXAM
TIP: The job of th is lette r is to answer the question s it asks. The
7 writer of the letter you received needs to know certain th ings, a nd it
piece of furniture number o f ite ms is your responsibility to provide this information. You must tell yo ur
penfriend about:
fireplace 1 places to visit
c hes t of dr awers 1 act ivities to do
bed 1 food a nd dr ink to try.
d ressing table 1 You also need to respo nd to you r friend's comment that it is sad you
wickerwork chairs 2 will be away.
Wilton car pet I Don't just list places, activities, food a nd d rink. Explain why yo u
recommend each thing.
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM Use a friendly and informal style.
b
We use ' lead ttnuo' or 'o pen to' whe n we refer to doo rs betwe en Speaking
rooms of the house .
2 d Situational role-play
On ly 'pass' can be used with ' to'. We use 'a mve wit h 'a t', a nd
17 J D 2 B 3 C 4 A
'en ter' and ' reac h' Wit ho ut a preposit ion .
J b TIP; The sentence halves must mat ch log ically as we ll as
Past Perfect is needed here to talk abo ut som eth ing tha t happened gramma tically.
before t he past event we a rc describing.
4 b 18 I A
The adjec tive ' to w' can o n ly be used logically wit h 'ce iling ' . There is ll O ve rb in B, but you always need one in a complete
S h sentence.
we are talking abo ut one o f the ot her th ree corners of the room 2 B
hut we don 't s<ly whi ch one. Th e adv e rb 'q uite' expresses how important it is. Although
6 , 'al most' has a similar meaning, we don 't normally use it with
Th e ph rasa l verb ' make up ' means 'co nst itute' or 'for m ', sub jecti ve judgemen ts.
7 b 3 B
We need a nou n after the prepostnon 'in', 'Th in k' (in the sense of ' h ave a n opinion o n so m et hing') is a
8 a stauve verb, an d ca n no t be used in t he Present Co nt inuo us.
Th e phrasal verb ' take in ' m ean s 'o bse rve/exa mi ne care fully '. (Whe n we do use thi s ten se with 't h in k', the ver b refe rs to t he
process of thinking.)
Writing 4 B
We no rma lly use ' im po rta nce' wit h 'o f' a nd a noun.
Writing an email S A
'Fro m (somebody's) po in t of view' is a useful phrase for expressi ng
9 I th ink th e best plan? in t.b..e. world is t he his to ric to wn o f Hury St
YO llT opi n ion. The other phrase correctly is ' in you r o pin ion', no t
Ednumds. I know this to wn IT[)': / well because it's where I ~
iQ
' fro m ..
l2w.n / anurcm. It 's a beautiful town , a nd
t here's a mar ket eve ry
week - visitors ~ from everywhere. Th e local people i l l friendly. 19 SPEAKING EXAM
10 The text contains all the required info rma t io n exce pt th e seco nd TIPS ; You mu st talk abou t all the points on the list. Both you and
poi n t: the read er o f this text is not told wh ere Bury St Edrnunds is. yo ur partner should expres s ideas a nd /o r opinions abo ut each o ne .
You must make sure that yo u get the timing right : you need to have
11 Your ow n ideas. enough time to decide together which two points on the list are the
12 WRITING EXAM most important.
TIPS: You must include all the information listed in the exam task. With seven points and two conclu sions, you need to wor k efficientl y.
You shou ld explain something about each po int; don't just state the Make co nnec tio ns qu ickly between each point and what it mea ns for
minimum fact in each case. Look at th ese examples: which do you your pa rtn er and his/ he r family. What can or can't they do?
think is mo re inte resting for th e reader ? Picture-based discussion
It 's called Cambridge. or It 's called Cam bri dge, because it's where there ;s
o bridge over the River Cam. 20 I of
It 's in England . or It's in the east of England, about an hour away from
Bo th ' ne ithe r' and 'e it her' ar e fo llowed by 'o f'.
Lond on.
2 than
I went there last year. or I spent a week there fast summer, visiting some Notice ' more' be fo re t he word 'gree n' before the gap: yo u often
relativ es. need to look further t han t he ga p itsel f to get th e answer.
There are a fat of old building s. or There are man y examp les of historic
3 not
architeaure. You need to th ink about th e m eaning of th e wh ol e sen te nce in
However, rem ember you on ly have a maximum of 50 words , so yo u the context o f t he text to under stan d that thi s ha s a negative
can' t expand on everything. m ean ing .
4 In
Writing an informal letter 'In ' goes befor e ' fact'; ' in fact' ha s a sim ila r m ea ning to 'actually'.
13 Your ow n ideas. 5 is
'Is' with 'd isappea ring' for ms t he prese nt co ntin uo us, used here
14 Qn.c plan' yOll really must visit is _ _ . fo r so me t hing th at is ha ppen ing as we speak.
' Place', the sub ject, comes afte r 'o ne '. Note t hat 'really' comes 6 to
befo re 'must' whi ch comes befor e ti ll' verb 'visit' . Co m pletes t he structure 'co n tin U t' to + ver b' .
2 [also suggest going to _ _ . 7 In
No te the po sit ion of 'a lso'. ' In' goes befor e 'additio n'; ' in add ition' has a sim ila r m ea n in g to
3 Ai...fill activities, I'm sure yo u' d e n joy _ _ . 'additio na lly' .
' I'm sure' expresses th e spea ker's o pi n io n about wh at foll ow s: 8 on
'y o u 'd (wo uld) e n joy' . Note th e passive here, ' to be built'. You need to follow the word
4 A.u.!:.!.tb..tl lnr cr esttng th in g to do is _ _ - o rde r in th e sente nce to see th at th e land is built 'o n ' - yo u build
'Anothe r' mu st he a bo ut a ' th ing', a nd the adjective ' fu n ' must on land.
come before the no u n it des cribes . The sub ject of t he sen te nce is
th e phrase 'another fun thing to do'. 21 Your O\vn ideas.
S W1.crl yo u feel hungry. do n 't forget to eat _ 22 You r own Ideas .
Th is st ruct ure is used to give advtce or in st ruct io ns .
6 A d rin k yo u 'll love is called _ _ .
' Drin k' m ust COIll I? after 'a' as it's the only nou n that ca n be
co un table. "rc u'tllove' (= 'wh ic h yo u'lllove ' descr ibes the kind
o f drink it is.
15 You r o w n an swer s.

SM ART ANSWER KEY 169

23 lives
Wc use a third perso n singular noun with 'somebody'.
2 prefer
To express our likes, we can use 'prefer' wit h an infi nitive with
' to '.
3 tir ed
Th e structure 'tired of' usu all y refe rs to a situation that we find
an noying.
4 find
Th e verb ' find' oft en go es together with ' peace and qui et'.
S look ing
We use an -ing form afte r 'e n joy' .
24 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : The four questions in the exa m task provide a clear structure
for you to follow. Make sure that you use the m to help you org anise
appropriate points about the pictures .
The questions cha nge in focus.
The first one asks you to relate one of the pictures to your own life.
You should say something like, 'This pict ure is more similar to where I
live beca use I live in a large city and t his city centre scene is more
familiar to me . It's the kind of place where I sit with my friends,
enjoying ... '
The second and third questions, however, are more ge neral. Do no t
talk only abo ut you r own life here . Say general th ings about life in
the city and countrysid e.
The last que stion asks for your own op inion. The q uestion isn't about
where you spend your holidays, but about where you would prefer to
spend your holidays.
Higher level
Reading
1 Th e answe r is b.
The word 'co nve rted' suggests a ch ange in th e fu ncti o n of the
build ing that st udents live in . The other a nswers all contain key
words from th e title, but th e overall meaning is quite different .
2 READING EXAM
l A
We read 'There is no heating syst em, no centra l cool ing system,
no residential garbage se rvice, no mail service ami no pa rking' .
2 C
We read ' It's the ver y first apartment building bui lt in Tucson'.
3 [)
We read 'C astle Apa rt me nts . . was a ho spita l, t ube rculosts
santtartum , nursing ho m e
4 A
We read 'The open architecture allowed th e room- mat es to host
parti es wit h up to 600 peopl e'.
5 [)
We read 'The building ... has t h irty- two apart me nts'. (A: ' Lauren
Ilen z ami he r four room -mates live in Studio Apartments'; B: 'the
building was divided in to four separate apartments'; C: 'The
hi storic building h as seventeen uni ts in it '.)
6 11
We read ' Residents have come out o f t heir bedrooms to find
eld erly men ... looking for electrical supplies' .
7 A
We read 'Th eir loft-st yle apartment ... h as been ... a recording
stud io'.
8 11
We read 't he building was divided into four separate apa rt ments
two years ago'.
9 J)
We read 'She 's so cool. what other landlord would let you put
holes in ceme nt walls?'
Listening
3 1 b
Only three sentences (3, 4 and S) talk about do ctors, and none of
th e ment ion th e Int ernet .
2 ,
Sentences 1, 4 and 6 make it d ear t hat 't h e outback' is a plac e.
4 Likely topi cs: Med ical care, Educat ion , Distances between people.
Doctor s are mentioned in sen te nces 3, 4 and 5. Sent ence 6 is abo ut
ch ild ren go ing to school. Se ntence I mentions how fa r peopl e live
from th eir neigh bours.
S LISTENING EXAM
1 T
We hear 'yo ur nearest neighbours a re over lOO kilom etre s away'.
2 F
We hea r ' some peop le are lucky enough to have email a nd the
Inte rnet but many do not even ha ve a tel ep hone line'.
3 F
We hear 'doctors fly to an e mergen cy in a small aerop lane or
helicopter'.
4 T
We hea r 't hey can arrive at any place within n inety minutes'.
5 F
We hear 't he re arc t hir teen flying do ctor bases' .
6 r
We hear 'som e kid s go to boardin g schoo l' .
7 T
We hea r 'most outback child ren use t hei r two-way radi os to listen
to their teachers' and 'others have their lesson s sen t by post' .
' " 10 TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to 'Our Neighbou rhoo d', the programme that looks at different
places and conditions that people live in. Today we're visiting th e
outback, a distant part of Australia far from the main population centres .
Imagine you're living on a farm and your nearest neighbours are over 100
kilometres away. It certa inly is very lonely and isolated. And this is how it
feels for many people living on farms in the outback of Australia, far away
from the cities and towns. Some people are lucky enough to have e-mail
and the Inte rnet but many do not even have a telephone line. Everyone
has a two-way radio. You can listen as well as talk into it, and it is the
most important means of contact with other people.
Whe n someone needs a doctor urgently, they use their two-way radio to
contact The Flying Doctors . That's a special medica l service that covers six
million square kilometres of Australia. The doc tors fly to an emergency in
a small aeroplane or helicopte r and they say they can arrive at any place
within ninety minutes . The re are thirtee n flying doctor bases in Australia
with thirty-eight aeroplanes and helicopte rs. They visit 150,000 peo ple
every year.
Another problem to solve is education. How do you go to school when
you're livi ng five hundred kilometres from the nea rest one? Some kids go
to boar ding schools, others have their lessons sent by post. But most
outback children use th eir two-way radios twice a day to liste n to the ir
teache rs and to communicate with them and with other outbac k
students.
(Destination; Australia, Surviving in th e Out back, Crown 1, 1999.
Mary Glasgow Magazines/Schola stic. Reprint ed by pe rmission of Mary
Glasgow Magazines .)
Use of English
6 1 A is cor rect.
B I get on th e bus w++H- just outside my hous e.
Th e phrasal verb 'get on with ' means 'to have a
friendly or good relat ionship with' someone .
2 A My aunt grows *r her ow n vegetables.
B is co rrect.
Th e phra sal verb 'grow up' means ' become
older or adu lt or more mature as a person ' and
is intransiti ve.
*
3 A I en joy wat ch ing football, bu t I am no goo d
at playin g it.
B is correct.
'It' is a pron ou n, and so rep laces a no un where
ne cessa ry - as in ' play ing it' - bu t isn 't used as well as
t he noun.
4 A is correct.
B Although I like how he l oo ks~, I think he's
very bo ring to ta lk to.
The q uest ion , 'What does he look like?' do esn 't
usually need ' like' in the an swer. Don 't get confused
with the ot her use: ' ~v//{) does he look like?' ' He looks
like his brot her.' - meaning that h e has a sim ila r
appearance to his broth er's app ea rance.
S A My au nt ~ is my favourite relati ve an d her
cooking is fantasti c.
B is corr ect.
You don't nee d ' who' here; th ese are two sim ple
sta te ments con ne cted by 'an d' .
7 I The population of the USA is 250 m illion.
2 The most int eresting perso n I know is - my friend Tcm as.
3 - Peopl e a re t he sam e all over the world.
4 - Pollut ion is t h reat en ing th e fut ure of the ea rt h .
S I love - life and I love being in - love .

170 SM A RT AN SW ER KEY
 8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM 1S SPEAKING EXAM
o -' TIP: Remember that this isn't a Maths test. The informat ion in the
00 up tab le is there in orde r to enable you to speak, not to frighten you.
The phrasal verb 'use up' mean s 'use all o f it', whic h is not the You're not being tested on your general knowledge. If you don't
mea ning here. know the actual facts for the first question, it doesn't matt er - notice
th er e the words 'you th ink' in the q uestion. Youcan say, ' I really do n't
There is no place in th e previous sentence th at ' there' could refer to. know how these statistics compare, but I imagine that it's much ... .'
2 the The third question gives yo u the opportunity to use your
'Peo ple' is used here in the gen eral sen se, so we don 't need the imagination. For exampl e, perhaps the fact that more wom en have
definite article, jobs now in the US than in 199 5 is importa nt.
:3 to

. Th e verb 'start' can be used with an infinitive a nd ' to' and wit h an .
illS form . but we can' , use 'to' befor e the -ing fo rm.

5 in
-'
The sentence refers to pictures of Greek tem p les. to co nt inue the
Debate
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You're probably going to argue ag ainst the statement, which
reflects an old-fashioned view of families. Nonetheless, try to think of
example. arguments f2r the sta temen t as well, so you're better prep ared for
6 -' respon ding to these.
7 it While you're doing the task, make sure you refer back to the
Th e subject of the se ntence, 'The invent ion o f glass' is t he re, so statistical informat ion in exercise 15 to sup port your arguments.
t he re's no need for a pronoun to replace it . It may also be a good idea to contrast this information abou t the
H but present with wha t you know about the situation in the past.
The sec-ond part of th e sen tence ex plains th e importance of th e
inve n tion of glass. There's nothing we need to co nt rast it With, usin g
' hut'.
9 so
5 Nature
The passive verb form here is 'are be ing used' (presen t Con tin uous Reading
passive).
10 for 1 Possible answers:
The expression is 'Let's wait and see!' colouration: the natural co lours and pattern.. of an animal (or plant)
matriarcha l: dominated by females/ the mothers
Writing range: vary betwee n two stzes
cubs: you ng bears, baby bears
Writing a student magazine article lifespa n: the number of years an an imal is expected to live
9 Your own ideas. Jay: prod uce eggs
10 Your own ideas. 2 They arc abso lutely beautiful . They ha ve a very
dist incti ve black-and -wh ite cclo u ratton.
11 Your own ideas. 2 Killer whales live alon g Hriti..h Colum bia's coa..tune.
12 WRITING EXAM 3 Th ey always travel in gro ups of 5-30 called pods. The whales live
TIPS: You must write abo ut all of the four listed aspects in your and t ravel wi t h t he ir moth ers ..; form ing st rongly mat riarcha l
article. Ifyou miss one out, you will lose marks. wha le societies.
Think carefully about the function of what you need to write for the 4 Killer whales are very successful hun ters due to their cocperanve
article. hunting, where all anima ls within the pod pa rticipate.
For the first point, you describe the situation. 5 Adult male black bea rs range from about 130 to 190 centimetres
For the second, you evaluate. in length and 60 to 300 kilograms in weight .
For the third, you suggest or recommend. 6 The bears are genera lly vegetarian. Their diet consists of roots,
For the fourth, you predict or speculate. berries, nu ts, fish, Insect s and sometimes other an imals.
Make sure you use app ropriate structures and expressions for each 7 Cubs rema in wit h their mothers for a year and a half. Except for
function. fema les wit h cubs, black be a r.. spe nd mos t o f t hei r time alon e.
Remember that this is an article for a student magazine - try to write 8 They fly sout h for th e wi nter in search of warme r climat es.
in a lively, entertaining style. Don 't produce a dry report. 9 Ca nada geese have very st ro ng famil y relations . Fam ilies stay
together until the tim e comes to retu rn to the breed ing a reas.
Speaking ID The policy has result ed in an over pop ula tio n of t he bird s.
TIP: In this type of task, the questions follow the orde r of the
Statistics-based discussion informa tion in the text.
13 Possible answers: 3 READING EXAM
1 \ Iy city has a much smaller population than Lo ndon . I A
2 The temperature this month is sligh tly hotter than last month. We read 'Killer wha les ... can live for about fifty to eigh ty years.'
J My Eng lish ho mework ta kes me a lot longer to do t han my Math s The life expectancy for black (and rare wh ite) hears is twenty to
homework does. twent y-five yea rs. Th e lifespan of Canada geese ranges from
4 My last holida y was a disaster - but I really hop e my next holiday twent y to thirty years.
will be fun . 2 B
TIP: There is more than one way of comparing things. You can use Wc read 'so me black bears.. , produce beautifulbea rs tha t are
co mparative adjectives (for example, smaller, hott er) or you can use wh ite in co lou r'. Killer wha les are all black-an d-whit e, th ey don 't
co ntrasting sentences, like sentence 4 above. occ ur in two !.I.ifffrfn.l varieties.
3 C
14 surprised We read 'Ca nada geese ... reprod uce ... every sptng'. Killer whales
People are su rpr ised by th ings. Also see t he no te for S below. 'give birth every three to ten rears'. Black bears 'can gfve birth ...
2 39% every two years'.
The information comes from the table. B
3 seems We read 'b lack bears spend most of thei r lime alone'. Killers
Vou need a third person singula r verb afte r 'it'. whales 'never sepa rate', and Canada geese 'have ve ry ..trong
4 suppose family relations'.
You need t he main ve rb here after '1'. 5 A
5 sur prising We read 'They are not co nside red endangered'. About the black
Th ings arc sur prtstng for people. Atso see the note for I above. bears, we read 't here is a law that prevents peo ple from hu n tin g
6 67 %
the bea rs'. It is illegal to harm t he Canada geese in any way.
The inform ation co mes from th e table. 6 C
7 stranges t We read ' it is not un comm on to see a fam ily of Cana da geese
You need an adj ect ive to say what kind of 't hi ng' yo u're tal king walk ing aro un d on a hig hway'.
about. You may have read elsew he re that hu ngry black bears sometimes
H 10
search for food in rubbish bins on t he edge o f towns. Because the
The in format ion comes from the table. text doesn't mention th is, B is not a correc t answer here'

SMART ANSWER KEY 171

Listening 10 1 glo ba l (the right m ean in g, but not an adverb)
2 wh at (cannot be used to co nnect a relat ive clau se)
4IS 1 Same. 3 un iqu e (sim ilar meaning, but not the sa me)
2 Same. 4 the logic of (similar to b, which is also a wrong answer; it can not
3 Differen t: be fo llowed by a clause on ly a nou n phrase)
Roo ms in the hotel cos t i!1.killi $10 0. 5 im pressively (sim ilar form, but t he wrong mean ing)
b Th e h o tel ch a rges n o mOTe t ha n $100 per roo m . 6 around (t he prepositio n doesn't fit the text logically)
.. Di fferent: 7 than (we use 't han' to co m pa re th ings that are different)
a :iu.Iru: nights still have seats ava ilab le. 8 m or e (it wo u ld only be co rrect be fore a m easur em e nt as 'more
b Th ere a re st ill seats ava ilab le o n all flig hts. tha n' )
6 changed
The other two words mean 'ended'. Writing
2 known
The ot her two words mean 'known or believed before'. Writing a leaflet
3 m ild 11 1 what
The other two wor ds mean t he 'te m peratu re is low '. This relative pron o un is required to link the ve rb and t he
4 m ain complement.
The other two wor ds mean ' hard' or 'ext reme', 2 in
5 differen t Com pletes th e ph rase 'in fact'.
The other two words m ean 'different in a positive way'. 3 w ith
7 LISTENING EXAM Th is prepositi on is needed to show t he two thi ngs (paper and
Nort hern region bottles) are co n nec ted to eac h other.
snow ex pected in the afternoon 4 durin g/i n
strong winds t hroughout t h e da y Th e prepositio n 'd uring' means all t hrough a period of tim e; 'in'
some tra ins ~ aft er 10 p.m. is also poss ible, a lth o ugh its meaning is less em p hatic.
Southern regi on 5 th e
light rai n t hroughout th e day Completes t he expression 'round the co rner', which m eans 'v ery
te m peratures be tween IDee and 12C close by'.
cold wind blowi ng fro m the ~ 6 not
You need to t hink about the overall meani ng here to see th at a
negat ive co nt rast is required .
~ 11 TRANSCRIPT
12 1 petrol
We' ll beg in the forecast w ith the nort hern region. Here, I'm afraid to say, 2 exerc ise
condit ions won't be part icularly pleasant. There's go ing to be some snow, 3 trees
and that's predicted for the aftern oon . To add to the sense of cold, t bere' Il 4 poll ut ion
also be strong winds blowing a ll day. In fact, the train co mpa ny has The gra mmar st ructure used is the first conditional.
warne d that there cou ld be delays to trains later in the eve ning,
part icularly afte r ten o'clock. Turning to the sout he rn reg ion, thing s are 13 WRITING EXAM
looking a litt le better. However, it will be raining all day, alth ough on ly TIPS : There are three content points that your leaflet must include,
gently. Unlike th e maximu m tem perat ure of te n degr ees in the north ern and these are clearly listed for you in the task. If you miss o ne out, or
region, down here in the sout h I think we wo n't see less than t hat, and jf you do n't give enough info rma tion about it, you will lose ma rks.
ho pefu lly it' ll reach twe lve. But I don 't think it can go above that, beca use Remember tha t this leaflet is for everybody to read, a nd that its
there'lI be q uite a ha rd wind coming through from th e west. Looking purpose is to change wha t people do. Make sure the informat ion you
ahead to the next few days, however, the re's likely to be ... give is clear, and your ideas are logical.

Writing a formal letter

Use of English 14 I Q..o..e impo rta n t th ing I bel ieve is that there should be new
governme nt legislat io n .
8 Class of animal : primate
You need to pu t the ' I bel ieve' befor e the 'is im porta nt '.
Lives in : Borneo, in Asia, in t he tro pica l forests
2 In other wor ds. we n eed n ew a nd tougher la ws to stop po llu tio n .
Typical co lo ur: red
This is a useful e xpression when yo u want to rein force yo ur idea .
Mea ning of name: Man of th e Forest
3 At th e same lime, green practi ces should be rewar ded.
Behavioural characte ristics: gentle, curious, pla yful
This m ean s ' however' or 'also' .
Favourite food : fruits, pla nts, insects
4 One simnle fact ca n not lw avoided: we ar e ca using great damage
Weight a nd size -
to ou r wo rld.
toddler: t he same size as a human baby
adult : 90 kilograms This is a usef ul exprcssto n for putting a clea r focus all your po int.
5 There are two sides to any argument an d bot h sho uld be
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM considered care fu lly.
1 c This can be used in many sit uations.
Th e a nswe r ca n not be b because we need an adverb here. The 6 If we don't fin d a so lution today, the pro blem will on ly be worse
mea ning of 'eve ryw he re' in Cl wo uld con tradict ' most zoos' (no t tomorrow.
'a ll zoos'). This is a negative fo rm of the first conditiona l structure. You
2 c co uld a lso write, 'U n less we find a solution today, .. :
This is a non-defining relati ve clause, where we use 'w h ich' after a 15 The am o un t of recycling shou ld be increased.
co m m a. 'Be' is in the base for m becau se it comes after t he modal 's ho uld'.
3 c 2 New laws shou ld be passed.
The meaning we n eed h ere is 't here are no ot her great apes in 'Be' is in the base fo rm becau se it comes after the modal 'should'
Asia'. - bei ng plura l doesn 't c hange t h is.
4 c 3 Valuab le forests ar e being des troyed.
Only 'w hy' fit s the sentence be fore a cla use. A noun ph rase wou ld Th e prese nt continuous fo rm is used here.
have to follow 't he reason for ' . 4 Air quality will be dam aged forever.
S a ' Be' is in t he base form beca use it comes after t he modal 'will' fo r
The mea ning of t he adverb deci des here: ' invariab ly' would mean stro ng future predi ct ion .
'wit hout exceptio n' a nd 'im poss ibly' wo uld mean ' it can not be'. S Real improvements ca n be made.
What we need is 's urp rising but tr ue' . ' Be' is in t he base for m because it comes after the moda l 'ca n' for
6 a possib ility.
The ot her prepositions don 't fit t he text logically.
7 h
When we compare two very similar or iden t ical thi ngs, we use
'as '.
R ,
we don't use 'totally' befor e me as ureme nts (this is often a false
[nend for foreig n speakers of Engl ish ). We don't use 'heavy' afte r
'we igh', which expresses m o re or less exac t weig ht.

172 SMART ANSWER KEY

16 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include the three required part s of the letter.
You must also include a suitabl e forma l open ing and dosing in your
letter.
Thinks abou t the functions you need to use for each poin t .
For the first one . you are describing or evaluating th e situation.
For th e second, you are suggesting or recom m ending actions.
For th e third. yo u are predic ting o r spec ulating about the future.
There are no right or wrong answers - you (a n paint Cl positive or a
nega tive picture.
Try to include a wi de range of grammatical struc tures in your lett er.
Speaking
Situational role-play
17 1 is closed - answer a.
2 ts open - answe r h.
18 Poss ible a nswers:
I Wh a t e nv iro n me nta l pro blems a rc the re wh ere yo u live?
2 what use ful materia ls do yo u recycle ?
:~ How do yo u t hink we ca n reduce po llutio n?
.J How do yo ur friends feel a bo ut en viro n me n tal issues?
5 How will the fut ure co m pa re wit h th e presen t?
19 1 I feel ~ about the future.
We use 'feel' with an adject ive. ' Hoping' is not used as a n
ad ject ive.
2 We have to be ll'i!lli.t.k - so me po llut ion is in evitabl e.
w e need a n ad jective after 'we ha ve to be' . ' Rea lism ' is a no un .
3 If we live here on this ea rt h, we a rc respons ible fill: its co nditio n.
We alwa ys use 'for' after ' respo ns ible'.
.J lYrn.1 really ma tt ers is educatio n - te lling peo ple h ew to reduce
po llution.
We' re not talking about t he way so me t h ing's im portan t, we're
ta lking ahout what's im po rta nt.
5 I n my opi n ion, t he real issue Is eco no mics.
Don't be co nf used by 'cco no rnfcs', which is a singula r noun, like
th e nam es of so me ot he r sc iences: ' Phy sics' or ' Maths '.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Yo u must find out information abo ut the two areas req uired by
the exam task.
You sho uld use open q uestions mo re th an closed questions to get the
information.
Respond to th e answers yo u ge t - ask 'why?' or 'why not?', for
exa mple. If your part ner says someth ing inte resting, say so - react to
him/h er, and create a go od co nversation.
Picturebased discussion
21 I co mpared 3 cont rast
2 noticeable 4 att ractive
22 I th e
Yo u ne ed 't he here becau se th e 'way' described is defin ed or
specified by t he relat ive clause tha t fo llows - 't ha t bird s seem to
be mo vi ng a way from th e co un trysi de.. :
2 for
To describe a per iod of lime, a duration.
3 has
To fo rm the Presen t Per fect , 'has increased'.
4 for
use 'for' to lin k 'happens ' and the ' reaso ns'.
.5 t hat /w h ich
Re lative prono u ns (eit her is po ssible) to intr od uce the relati ve
clau se that foll ows and desc ribes ' the in sect s and sm a ll a n imals'.
6 in
Com pletes t he phrase 'in effect'.
23 Your ow n ideas.
24 Your o wn ideas.
2S SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must includ e the fo ur things yo u are req uired to in the
exam task.
Use the task and the pictures to struct ure your talk. You have fou r
things and two pictures, so the re a re eight thing s at least for you to
say.
Use appropriate phrases to introduce your ideas - for exa mple,
'turning to the q uestion of 200S .. .', or 'in term s of prot ection , I think
th at.. .' , and so on.
Higher level
Reading
1 B
We read 't he first bir th in ca ptiv ity in 112 yea rs'.
2 D
We read 'Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to get
Sumatran rh inos to breed'.
3 E
We read 'The zoo ... has plans to ca refully docu m en t t he ca lf's
phys ical and beha vioura l growth '. (Pa rag raph B also refe rs to the
researc h, hut doesn 't m ention t he zoo's pla ns.j
4 C
We read ' Rot h im m edi a tely began feedi ng Em i daily doses of
progesterone (a h o rm o ne essential to pregna ncy)', and, ea rlier in
t he same paragraph , 'Emi, Andelas" mot he r, had miscarried within
t he first three mo nt hs in five previous pregnan cies'.
5 A
We read 't he rac e is on t he ba tt le aga inst extinctio n ... with a
60 % po pulati on decline ... t he rh inos' co unt co nt inues to
decrease' .
2 READING EXAM
I c
The missing sentence refers to poachers (people who hunt
animals illegally), a nd the reason for their interest in Sumat ran
rh inos is given after t he gap, 'its ho rn s a re p rized for medi cin e'.
2 e
Sente nce e refers both back to ' rh inos in cap tivi ty' a nd for wa rd to
Andalas' other ac hieve ment: 'The birt h of th is rare ani ma l offe rs
scien tists unprecedented data '.
3 f
Sentence f m en tio ns 'the sixth attempt' which links to the 'five
previous pregn an cies' in the first line of th e paragrap h .
4 a
Tile se nten ce afte r till' ga p gives mo re det ail about th e rhinos'
solitar y beh avi ou r.
S b
The wo rd 'data' in the m issin g sen te nce refe rs to the hoof prints
m en tio ned both befo re a nd after the gap.
Listening
3 1 e 2 c 3 g 4 b 5 d 6 a
TIP: Before the reco rd ing starts, it's always a go od idea to check tha t
you understand the key vocabulary.
4 LISTENING EXAM
I a
Ca pta in Hazelwood didn't own t he ta nker, the reco rding says 'The
ta nke r was ow ned by th e Exxo n oi l compa ny'.
2 a a nd b
We hea r ' he we nt to h is cab in to do some pa perwo rk. He left th e
ship in co m ma nd of th e th ird of ficer'.
3 b
We hear ' the &XOII vatdez hi t a group of rocks ca lled Bligh Reef'.
Bhgh Reef isn't t he nam e of a port.
4 a a nd b
We hear 'Fifty m illion lit res of o il started to flow o ut of the ship
and in to the sea'.
.5 a an d b
We hea r 'a spec ia l bo a t was supposed to be ready fo r emerge nc ies,
bu t it had bee n damaged by storm. So the clean-up bega n fiftee n
hou rs after the oil-spill was first repo rted .'
6 b
We hear 'Millions o f fish and tho usand s of sea birds and sea-otters
di ed.' Th e record ing does m ent io n the first two days, but that
refers to t he tim e be fore 'all necessary eq u ip me nt was in place' .
7 a
we hea r '2.5<Ml of t he plan kton in th e sea was dest royed in the
disas te r, leaving m a ny a n ima ls and fish wit h nothing to eat'. The
statement in b is m en tion ed in the record ing, but not in
connection with the destruction of the plankton.
8 a
We hea r 'The Exxon vatda disaster was one of the first huge on -
spills in history'. Statement b cannot be cor rect because 'the
EXXOl I vat.tcz di saste r ... was th e result of m ista kes m ade by ma ny
differ ent people'.
SMART ANSWER KEY 173

os. 12 TRANSCR IPT
Alaska has four g reat indus tries: fishing, forests, to urism and oil. On the
south coast of Alaska is the port of Valdez, an d fro m he re most of Alaska's
oil is taken to California an d ot her part s of the USA.
On the 24th of March 1989, Captain [eff Hazelwood was in com mand of
an oil tanker which had the same name as the port of Vafdez . The tanker
was ow ned by the Exxon oil company, so it was usua lly called the Exxon
Va/dez. Captain Hazelwood was an expe rienced seam an .
The Exxon Valdez started its journey in t he late evening of the 24t h of
March 1989. At first, Captain Hazelwood was in charge 01 the ship. later
he went to his cabin to do some paperwork. He left the ship in the
command of the third officer. Just after midn ight, the Exxon Valdez hit a
group of rocks called Bligh Reef.The tanke r had five holes in its side ~ one
of the holes was two metres wide by six met res long. Fifty millio n litres of
oil started to flow out of the ship and into the sea.
Unfortunately, t he clean-up operation did not begin immed iately. A
special boat was supposed to be ready for emergencies, but it had been
damaged by a storm. So the clea n-up bega n fifteen hours after the oil-
spill was first reported. The first two days after the spill had been calm
and still; but by the time all the necessary eq uipment was in place, the
weather had turned sto rmy and strong winds quickly moved the oil to
ot her parts of the sea.
The oil from the Voldez disaste r cove red 4,800 squ are kilometres of water.
Millions of fish and thousands of sea birds and sea-otters died. Some
animals and birds died from cold, others died from hunger, beca use 25%
of the plankton in the sea was dest royed in the disaster, leaving many
anima ls and fish with noth ing to eat.
It is easy to try to blame one person for the Exxon Voldez disaster. In fact,
it was the result of mistakes made by many different people: people in t he
Exxon oil company, people on land, and people on the tanker.
The Exxon Voldez disaster was one of the first hug e oil-spills in history.
Use of English
5 en joy: to enjoy, enjoyed, had enjoyed, e njoying, be en joyed
publish : to pu blish, published, ha d published, publtshlng, be
published
inspire: to inspire, inspired, had inspired, ins piring, be inspired
p la y: to play, played, had played, playin g, be played
flou rish : to flour ish, flourished, had flou rish ed , flour ishing, (no
pass ive)
reach : to reach, reac hed, had reached, reaching, be reached
benefit : to be nefit, beneftted/benefttrect, had benefited/ had
benefttted. be nefiting/benefitting, (no passive)
cast: to ea..t, cast, cast, casting, be cast
be: to be, was/were, had been, being, (no pass ive)
6 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 blamed
Passive (the verb 'be' is befo re th e gap).
2 enjoying
Present Perfect Continuous rhave been' is before th e gap).
3 published
Past participle. (The 'study' is t he ob ject of this verb.)
4 have inspired
Presen t Perfect ('over the past two decades' is a period o f t ime
leading to the presen t. rathe r th an a fixed poi nt in time in t he
past ).
5 played
Presen t Perfect (thave' is before t he ga p).
6 nourished
Past Simple t'the 80s and 90s' is a fixed period of time in the
past).
7 to reach
Infinitive after 'a llow'.
8 beneftted/benefttted
Past Simple - to match the verb tense in th e first part of the
sentence 'a llowed'.
9 cast
Infin it ive without 'to' after the modal verb 'cou ld'.
10 been
Present Perfect rbave' is befo re the gap).
8 mo st
Supe rlative adjective .
2 issues, opposition
The first gap is before the main verb, so it must be pa rt of the
subject. The phrase for the second gap is 'in opposition (to
something else)'.
3 furt her
The mea n ing of 'a ny fur ther ' is the same as 'any lo nge r' or 'any
more'.
4 main, actually
The mea n ing of 'main' is 'most important'. The o nly word that
can appear betwee n the verb a nd t he subject is an adve rb.
9 Your ow n ideas.
10 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: The structu re of you r essay is defined by the exam task and
you must follow it.
You need to discuss the th ree listed po ints. If you do n't, you will lose
marks.
All your ideas need to be reinforced with reasons, and you must make
these dear.
You will need to write probably at least 70 words for each point, on
average. Make sure you have enough ideas prepared before you start
writing.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
11 I On the one hand, there's an image of ma n-mad e damage.
'On t he one hand' is usefu l for setting up a cont rast between two
things.
2 On the other, we can see t he damage caused by nature .
'On the other (hand)' is a good way to complete a contrast that
you began with 'on the one ha nd '.
3 Of course, even this fire could have been sta rted by a pe rson.
'Could have been' is a useful way to present a specu latio n.
4 The question is who has responsibility for the pla net.
This is a useful way to show that you want to focus attention on
this poi nt.
S We should think more in terms of our children than of ourselves.
This qu ite complex structure is usefu l and can be adapted for
many situations - for example, 'we should think more in te rms of
job satisfaction than of money.'
12 I nervous
2 frightening
3 ambiguo us
4 connected
S cu rious
13 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task requires you to talk about cert ain aspects of the
pictures.
You shou ld begin by describing what you can see in the pictures, and
then start to relate this to the questions you need to consider.
There a re opportunities to express your own opinions and feelings
about the issues of the environment and nature.
Ifyou feel you don't have enough to say, ask yourse lf questions - for
example, 'where were these pictures taken?', 'what will happen
abo ut the environment in the futu re?', and so on .

Writing
Writing a discursive essay
7 c u rren t t hreat s to t he e nviro n me nt:
grow ing demand for consumer goods/transport req uirem ent s
t he rel at io ns hi p of b us iness issues a nd t he e nviron me nt :
busi nesses need resources/profits need to be cont rolled
a ny act io n t hat yO ll believe sh ou ld be taken :
dose down polluting factortcs/ru n publicity campaign

174 SMART ANSWER KEY

Debate 7 H
we read 'Take ... a break.'
14 Possibleanswers"
8 E
For Aga inst We read 'you have to get it done '.

new vacct nes against fatal alle rgic rea ctions to cos me tics TIP: Read each para graph and try to summarise its gist in a sent ence
diseases (i f yo u think th is is n ot a - Jike yo u did in exe rcises 1- 3. This will he lp you ma tch th e headi ngs
goo d enough rea so n to use to th e parag rap hs,
a n ima ls)
Listening
allergic reactions to cosmet ics the tr eatm ent of labora tory
(if you think i t' s worth risking an imals 5 twe lve fiftee n
t he health of animals to Th is 12:15, and the other tw o are t 1:-15.
protect people from this) 2 twelve ten
This is 12:10, an d t he ot her two are 12:00 .
medi cal experi me nts on the life of a person or th e life
:\ pay
hu ma ns (an imal testing o f a n ani m a l (de pe n d s on
Th is m ea ns spe ndi ng m on ey o n so m et hi ng, a nd t he ot he r two
elim inates th e need for th is) YO U T view )
mean ing keeping some th ing fo r yo u,
til e life of a pe rso n or th e life using an ima ls for food, -I during
o f an a ni mal (depends on clo th ing, e tc. (if yO ll also fin d Th is mea ns 't h roug h a ll t he time (of so met h ing)' , a nd the other
your view) this unaccep tabl e) two m ean 'previo us (to something)'.
5 inexpensive
cost considerations This m ea ns you do n 't haw to pay very much t'cheap'), and th e
learn in g mo re about human other two mea n you don't pay anything at all.
anatomy (without having to 6 I'm sure you're going to have g great time with us here
use peo ple for experime nts) at West for d College.
2 You' ll be in class every mo rni ng ~ d ur ing th e wee k.
using an imals fo r food , :\ It's important to m a ke use Qf th e Se lf-Access Ce n t re.
clothi ng, et c. (i f th ese ar e fin e , 4 The trip 's a lways ve ry po pular, ~ don 't for ge t to sign up ea rly.
why is med ica l resea rch not )
7 LISTENING EXAM
And your own answers. I I.OO/13.00llpmll o 'clock
15 Your own ideas. Classes 'go straight th rough till one'. Don 't be confused by the
fact that they ' sto p at twelve o 'clock o n Fridays'.
16 SPEAKING EXAM 2 9.00/21.()()/9pm/9 o 'clock
TIP: Use the ideas from exe rcises 14 and 15 to bu ild up convincing Make sure yo u do n 't confuse th e opening time, 'fro m e ight t h irty
argumen ts for yo ur viewpo int. in t he mornin g', wit h t he closing t im e, ' un til nine p. m .'.
This is usually an issue t hat peop le can get quite passionate about, so :\ Receptio n
try to stay calm and just concentra te on making persuasive Severa l types of co m pute r are mcn noned . a nd yo u need to focus
argumen ts and co unte r-arguments. o n the ' Inte rne t pe s' for the ta sk, These are ' t he web-linked o nes '.
Don 't forget th at your partner b..i!l.!2 disagr ee with you to stimulate Th e n th e question is where yo u reserve t hem, 'a t Rece pti o n ', not
discussio n - this not necessarily a reflection of their own views! where you use t he m , which co uld be in th e se lf-Access Centre or
' in t he Co mmon Room '.
-I Thursrdayj Stth}Ju ly

6 School Do n 't co nfuse t he date of t he trip, 'Tuesday July th e tenth ' with
t he date for reserving a place - 'you must book your place no later
t han Thursday the fift h of Jul y'.
Reading 5 free
1 The hest ans wer is 2. Be ca refu l, we hea r 'so me of th e food 's a litt le expens ive'. Make
It is the onl y tit le that me ntto ns h om ework , th e m ain topic of th e sure yo u focus o n th e fact t hat 'i t's free to get in ' .
leaflet. 6 disco unt ca rd
Listen ca refu lly to get bo th words: 'Take your passport alo ng to
2 t he office '-'0 that t hey can issue you with a student disc ount
The paragraph doesn't men tion eit her t he place or the best ca rd.'
cond itions for doing your homework. Now read through the script to see where the answers are.
2 c
The paragraph m en tio ns bu yin g a fo lde r, but the main po int it
makes is about or gani sin g yo ur notes . ~ 13 TRANSCRIPT
3 b Welcome to you a lii I'm sure you' re going to have a great time with us
Wl' read ' Find a q uie t place t ha t's well-lit' , here at Westford College - a nd mayb e you m ight even learn a little
3 I'osstblc a nswers: English while you' re here! I'm just go ing to say a few wo rds a bout
-I Drink ple nty of wa te r, and snack o n some fru it o r cookies. practica l aspe cts of th e college. OK, classes: now, you' ll be in class every
5 Begin with your best subject. morni ng d uring the week. Classes begi n at quarter past nine and go
6 If you've started you r ... homework, finish it. Don 't leave one par t straigh t through till one, altho ugh they stop at twe lve o'clock on Fridays,
of your homework unfin ished ... to help the weekend get going. You're expected to do more than just
7 Ta ke at least a five-minute break . study in class, of co urse, and it's important to make use of the Self-Access
8 Hom ewor k .. . is you r top pr ior ity a nd yo u have to get it do ne . Centre, which is available from eight thirty in the morning until nine p.m .
There's a wea lth of ma terials and resources th ere for you 10 lake
TIP: Not ice that one way of giving ad vice is to use th e impe rative, adva ntage of. All th e compute rs have access to o ur network of English-
but you can also use mod al verb s like ' have to ' or 'sho uld' , 'o ug ht learning software. Demand is high for the web -linked ones, and you need
to ', 'm ust'. to reserve time on o ne of those at Reception. If you' re despera te to em ail
4 READING EXAM home, you might find a spa re com pute r in the Common Room. Right,
Londo n: we organise a trip up to London d uring the cou rse. We're going
1 C
on Tuesday July the te nt h, and you m ust book your place no later than
We read 'decide in advance'.
Thursday the fifth of July. The trip's always very pop ular, so don't forget to
2 F
sign up ea rly! Anothe r date for your diaries is the Food and Drink Festiva l,
We read 'Always put papers in the correct sectton'.
where you can try and hop efully enjoy all kinds of exotic food and d rink
3 I
from just about every co untry o n the planet. It does ge t busy, a nd so me
We read ' Find a quite place'.
of the food's a little expens ive but the good news is that it's free to get in,
4 J)
a nd it's wort h going along just to look, Talking of mo ney, you ca n get
We read 'Snack ... to get m or e st rengt h' .
mone y off all sorts of thing s in w esttord , from cine ma tickets to books 10
5 A
dr inks in cafes, if you' re a student. Take your passport along to the office
we read ' Begin wit h yo ur best su bject'.
so that they can issue you with a student discount card. Well, I think that's
6 B
it for now. Are the re any qu estio ns?
We read 'If you've sta rted your ... homework, finish it'.

SMART ANSWER KEY 17S

Use of English 16 I a, c 2 3, C 3 b, d 4 a, c 5 b, d
TIP : Not e which ways of making suggestions we use as a question,
8 b
and whic h as a statement.
Verb needed : what do thousa nds of yo ung people do each yea r?
2 c 17 Your own ideas.
Adjective needed : what kin d of instit utions? Possi b le answers;
3 c Have yo u considered taking up gol f?
Adve rb need ed: how talented? I th ink yo u sho uld choose Mathematic s be cause you 'r e rea lly good
4 b wit h numbers.
Noun with a nega tive mean ing needed : what do so m e students What about going to Stovent a fo r a skiiing h oliday?
suffer fro m ? 18 WRITING EXAM
9 1 widen
TIPS: You must wri te about the three poi nts that are required in the
2 creat io n exa m task .
3 darkn ess You also need to acknowledge Sam's letter, thanking him fo r it, and
4 ad justed, ad justing, adjustable
perhaps showing some sympathy for his feelings.
5 resou rceful, reso urceless Thin k carefully about the three different functions you need to use -
6 fully te lling, suggesting an d explaining. You should pla n to use a range of
7 refusal gr ammatica l structures in yo ur letter.
8 popu lari se Remember to use a friendly and informal style with your friend.
Possible answers:
popular -+ populari ty, settle -+ settlemen t, dominate -+ domi nance Speaking
10 un happy
mi sbeha ve Situational role-play
dislike (verb) or un like (prepositi on)
misunderstand 19 I Wat ch ing DVDs ll. good because yo u ca n sto p an d repeat
im po lite to check the m eaning.
The main verb is mi ssin g fro m the first part o f th e state men t.
in co m plet e
un do 2 Many to u rists arc n ative speake rs o f Eng lish, so yo u ID authentic
pra cti ce.
disa gree
There 's no reason to use an . illg form on it s own in th is se ntence.
in correct
3 When yo u read n ewspape rs, yOll can !.i!.I:if: yo u r time an d use a
im possible
dictionary.
11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM The phrase ' take (o n e's) time' is a u seful o n e to remem ber.
1 education 4 Your friends a re great to ta lk to ~ you ha ve things in
The sub ject (a noun) i s n eeded before t h e main ve rb ' is'. co m m o n .
2 attend You ha ve things in co m m o n -+ yo u en jo y ta lk in g to ea ch ot h er.
No ch a nge ne ed ed because it's a plural ve rb to match '7%' (of No t the other way rou nd.
students). S C h at rooms help be cau se it's sp eaking but typed m yo u ca n
3 nearly understand it.
Adverb need ed before ' all' . C h at roo m s use typed la nguage -+ it 's ea sier to u nderst a n d . No t
4 typical the other wa y round.
What kind of timetable? 20 than
5 activities Co m p ar iso n.
Th e se n tence g ive s exa mples of these activities afte r the gap. 2 much
6 interesting Used to em p h asise degree o f flu ency he re.
What kind of places? 3 lo t
7 misbehave The meaning is the sa me a s ' m uc h' in th e p revious se n te n ce, but
Students a re pun ished fo r!lQ! b eh a vin g appropriately. used with t h e articl e 'a'.
8 gra d uate 4 most
No c h an ge ne eded because it's a p lural ver b to m a tch ' u n ive rsity Superlative adjective.
st ud ents'. S too
'Too many' m eans ' more tha n acceptable/nec es sary/appropriate '.
Writing
21 SPEAKING EXAM
Writing an invitation TIPS: You m ust consider all five suggestions on the list. You m ust
also make sure you have enough time to choose the two which ar e
12 1 Yes. My flight leaves at 10. 15 on Friday. most important.
2 No. There aren't right or wrong answers he re. In fact , if you and your
3 Yes. My aunt arrives o n the 12.00 trai n . partne r can disagree a little , it w ill create more discussion .
4 Yes. My exa m is 011 the 18 t h .
In the first stage of the discussion, you can say a range of th ings
5 Yes. The el ection takes place on May 3r d. about each point. For example, fo r 'talking to tourists', you could say
6 No . that:
13 1 Yes. it isn't very usef ul because ther e aren 't many Enqlish-speakinq
We rea d '8 p.m . a ll Frid ay 19 May'. tourists in you r city
2 Yes. it is useful when yo u can talk to a native speaker of Eng lish
We read 'Studen ts' Union Building (234 w est ga te L ane}'. it's not very useful because they speak too quick ly for you to
3 No . understand
4 No. it is useful because you can learn about th eir cul ture
14 WRITING EXAM it is useful as speaking and listening practice on ly.
Remem ber that the re are many opportunities to use comparisons and
TIPS: You must include the four points that are required in the exam contrasts an d conditionals in a discussion such as this on e .
task. If yo u miss any out, you w ill lose m ar ks. It is important for the
invitation to include th is information. Plcture-based discussion
Since it is for a party, you should try to make your invitation lively in 22 1 both 2 B 3 A 4 n 5 A
its style . Use dramatic statements that grab the attention, or ask 6B l A 8B 9 both 10 n
ques tions.
23 I m or e
Writing an informal letter C o m p le tes the co mpa rison - yo u n eed to sec 't ha n' late r in the
15 1 e 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c se n te nce to ge t t he answer.
2 to
TIP: Make sure the sentence halves match logically as well as Com p lete s th e st ruc t ure 'give (so meon e) (somethin g) to ' + verb.
grammatically. Read the sentences aga in when you've finished the 3 a
task to check that they all make sense . Th e indefinite article is required.
4 than
Com p letes the comparison. You n eed to see t he 'er' of 'o lde r' to
get th e answ er.

176 SM A RT AN SW ER KEY
24 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk about all four questions tha t the exam task
inclu d es. Th is w ill give yo u th e st ruct ure for what yo u say.
Noti ce that the first two questio ns mean tha t you sim ply describe
what you see. Try to use as much interesting vocab ulary as you can
w hen doing th is.
The thi rd q uest io n asks you to me yo ur imagination. You sho uld
specu late here. and, if po ssible, give reasons for what yo u say.
The last q uest ion asks you to relate the pictures to your own life and
experience. You need to explain why you say w hat yo u d o here.
Higher level
Reading
1 The best answer is 1.
111c art icle is about Manhattan Co mp rehensive Nigh t High School.
2 The best answer is c.
we learn t hat IIll' school is quite d ifferent from how it a ppea rs a t
first.
3 Your own answers.
4 READING EXAM
I D
'Suc h tight security' refers bac k to t he sentence before t he gap
which says 'visitor s mu st sign in a nd show ident ificat ion '.
2 E
Th e ph rase 'Hut now' w h ich starts th e m issing sentence refer s
hack to 'U nti l now' at t he beginn ing of t he previou s sentence.
3 C
Th e se nte nce co nti n ues to describe the principal's activities.
Sent ence B i... about a different person.
4 A
Fo llo wing on from the desc ript ion of school days in the sentence
before the gap, we find out about school term s, t hen a bo ut th e
numb e r of years st ud e nts spend at th e school afte r th e gap.
Listening
5 I f our people.
2 About wearing school unifonns.
TIP: Always read the instructions ca refully so you do n' t lose points
because you're doing less (or even because you' re doi ng more) tha n
you are asked to do.
6 a A bF cA dA er
7 Your own ideas .
8 LISTENING EXAM
()
We he a r ' I went to a small village school, a nd we had no
uniforms t he re.' All t he ot he r spea kers m en tion wea ring a
un iform .
2 AandC
We hear ' I ca n see som e good points, too.' (A ) a nd I sometimes
thi nk it would be easier and definitely much cheaper.' (q
3 C
We hear 'I never complained about my uniform' .
4 ()
We hea r 'Th e freedo m to ch oose t heir own clothes a llows yo ung
people to ex press the ir personaliti es' . The psych ol ogi cal effect of
wear ing uniforms is su ppressing individ uality.
S B
We hear 'Th is ta lk about co ve ri ng th e financial differen ces is
rubbish' .
" 14 TRANSCRIPT
Speaker A
Tha nk good ness, we don't have to wea r uniforms at my schoo l now, but
whe n I was at elementary school, I had to wear an awful navy blue jacket;
I hated it more than anyt hing else. I don 't think I'd like it if they made us
wear uniforms now, but I can see some good points , too . There wou ld be
far less showing off, and the girls who can't afford fancy clothes would
feel much better.
Sp e aker B
We had to wear uniform until last yea r. It was horrible. You shou ld be able
to wea r things you fee l comfortable in. And all th is talk about covering up
the financial differen ces is rubbi sh. If you have a lot of money, it shows
whatever you 're wea ring.
Sp e aker C
I really don't know ... When I was Sand ra's age, I never complained about
my uniform, 1 just took it for gran ted I had to wea r one. Now it's
complete ly differen t. Sandra spe nds hours on end choosing her clothes
before she leaves in th e morning. 1 sometimes think it wou ld be easier
and definitely m uch cheaper if she just had one skirt and cardigan for
school use.
Spe a ke r 0
The school where I work is uniform -free. I'm sure that the freedom to
choose their own clothes allows young people to express their
personalities mo re fully. I'm hap py I had the same chance when I was a
student. I went to a small village schoo l, and we had no uniforms there.
Use of English
9 our: tea cher, age
inter ested in : surfing th e In te rnet , pentathlon
m eet yo u at : th e airport, 6 o 'clock
she : is 18 , lives in Paris
co ul d yo u : repea t th e se ntence, try ha rder
except io nal ly: smar t, bad ly
NOTE : This is an unusual type of task but it shou ld help you
remember what different kinds of words go together with other type s
of wo rds.
10 Publ ic schools (which ar e actually private schools in Brita in ).
Very positive tsee Key to exe rcise 11 below ).
11 Possible a nswe rs:
Th e wr iter says 't hey have much to offer ', ' cha lle nging for un usuall y
c leve r students', t hey appreciate ' less academicall y-gifted
pe rsonalities', 'they are excit ing and ... success fu l'. He a lso mention s
that they 'h ave m or e success in reali sing th eir o b ject ives '.
12 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
It heir
The possessive adjective lin ks 'excelle nce' to 'public schools' .
2 be ing
They are criticised because they lli a symbol of privi lege. An -ill,,?
form is used after 'for'.
3 are
We need th e ve rb ' be' to introduce th e adj ectives wh ich describe
the schools.
4 of
The adject ive 'appreciative' usua lly goes toget her w it h ' of '.
S at
The idi om is 'a t t he same time '.
6 in
The idi om is ' in (so me kind 00 terms' .
7 these/those /most
Mor e than o n e answer is possible, depending on wh at you want
to say.
B to
We need an infin itive wit h 'to' after 'see m'.
9 th an
We use 't ha n ' to compare th ings that are d iffer ent.
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
13 Possible a nswers:
One postttve aspect of sho pping ce nt res is co nvenience, we can
find everyt h ing .. . un der t he sam e roof. I Shopping ce n tres o ffer
entertainment fac ilities ... with an en ormous range of things to
bu y and to do.
1 .. . sm aller local shops ... are closin g down beca use th ey can not
keep up with the competition.
... t hey offer bland, un iform products all over th e wo rld - loca l
characte r is disappearing.
3 ... everyth ing from groce ries to ctectro mcs ...
... ente rtainment faci lities , like cinemas o r howling alleys ...
4 In fact , we are los ing places that were once im portant in our lives.
To sum ma rise, on th e o ne hand, th e y offer a m o re co m fortable
shopping e xpe rie nce , but o n the othe r hand, they ma ke us all
the same.
14 1 o n t he o ne hand, in addition , fo r o ne t hi ng
2 however, in co n trast, hut, conversely, in fact
3 such as
4 furthermore
5 to sum up, in other words
6 as far as I'm concerned, in my ow n experie nce
SM A RT ANSW ER KEY 171
1S WRITING EXAM 5 B
TIPS: You must write about the fou r aspects of the question tha t the Th e phrase 't h is syste m ' aft er th e ga p refers back to what sen tence
exam task specifies .
B describes.
You can either come to Cl clear conclusion one way or the ot her (for 6 G
example, 'you shou ld start a career') or yo u can present a The lin king wo rd ' Ho wever' cont rasts se ntence G wit h the
compromise conclusio n (fo r exam ple, 'it depe nds o n .. .').
previous sentence .
Before you start writing, yo u need to ma ke sure that you have 7 D
enough ideas for the requi red length of essay (u p to 25 0 wo rds). One The word 't his ' refers to 'Talk ing and d riving at the sa me tim e'
w ay to build up yo ur essay is to use exam p les. Ano ther usefu l way is mentioned before t he gap.
to think abou t contrasting situations - fo r example, an l 8-year-old
who has thre e older brothers and sisters and an l 8-y ear-old who is Listening
an only child.
4 I Four.
It is im porta nt that you make good use of linkin g words and phrases
2 How t hey earn som e pocket m Olley.
to hold you r arg uments together.
3 No.
4 The tas k here is to fin d o ut what job each spea ke r does.
Speaking
TIP: Alw ays read instructions ca refully. It's easier to unde rstand the
Picture-based discussion informat ion in the recording if you know what to expect.
16 I h 2 b 3 a 4 c S h 6 b S A put to bed, was h, tell sto ries, feed , look aft e r
B trees , fruit crates, fa rm, pick fruit
17 I C
C get ti ps, custo mers , serve mea ls, bring the bill
' Fo r exa mpl e' in t rod uces an exa m ple t h at represen ts 'o bv io us
D morning paper, fro nt door, do a rou nd , neighbourhood
diffe rences' .
E blow- dry, get tips , customers, was h, haircut , per m
2 A
'Fo r one thing' links to 'some impor tan t simila rities'. 6 LISTENING EXAM
:~ H A I
' In ad dition to t h is connection' bu ilds o n 'either of them .. We hear ' I had a five-year- old to look after '.
TIP : A, Band C are all usefu l way s of int rod uc ing an exam p le of B doesn 't appear in the reco rding.
C ,
something, within the structure of 'general statem en t -+ examp le' .
There are many sm all clu es, including 'earn 15 plus tip s' , or
18 SPEAKING EXAM 'stop at a table a nd chat', which don't rea lly match the ot her
TIPS: You must talk within the conte xt required by the exam task: jo bs.
'different kinds of learning' . D 2
You need to descri be what yo u see in the pictur es and then to We hear 'do a rou nd ' and ' leave th e stuff at the front do or '.
evaluate and reac t to these t hings. E -I
l earn ing itself is inv isib le, so you need to speculate abo ut you think is We hear ' I am not allowed to do the cutt ing, but I he lp with
happening. perm ing and blow -dry ing ami I do t he wa sh ing m yself' .
Your concl usion wi ll be which image is closer to you r own
experie nce . This gives you lots of opportun ities to talk a bout you r l5 1S TRANSCRIPT
own experiences of educ ation and lea rning, in and out of schoo l.
Speaker 1
Debate I have to think abou t school first of all, because my parents wou ldn' t let
19 Possible answers : me wor k if my grades suffered, so I only wor k du ring the holidays. Last
I yes 2 no ~ no 4 yes S no 6 not su re yea r I had a five-year-old to look after three times a week. I had to feed
he r and then put her to bed . She was all right; a bit difficult sometimes,
20 Your ow n ideas . but I liked to play with her and te ll her stories.
21 SPEAKING EXAM Sp eaker 2
TIP: You ca n get more points for using a variety of different ways of It doesn't pay too well, but I'm too young to do any ot her job . I do a
expressing your op inion. Try to use convincing argu me nts, but don't rou nd of a bout twenty ho uses in the neighbourhood on my bike. It's on ly
forget it's eq ually impo rtant to show how well you can communicate a minu te to sto p and leave the stuff at t he front door, but still, I have to
them. get up around six if I want to finish in time for the school bus . The only
problem is whe n there's very heavy rain or whe n it's really cold.
Speaker 3
It's a nice place and it's always lull, so you really have to be q uick. I wo rk
7 Work for five hou rs on Saturday afte rnoons and earn 15 plus tips. It's not bad,
and I like the jo b because I mee t a lot of people alt the time. Of co urse, I
Reading have no time to stop a t a table and chat , but that does n' t seem to be a
problem. Some time s you can have a really nasty customer, but that's very
1 1 B 2 IJ 3 A 4 B rare.
TIP: It's always importan t to read the instructions carefully. In this Speaker 4
exercise, you need to select the only wrong answer, not the correc t J work on Saturdays from 8 in the morn ing till 5. I' m on my feet all day,

one. and it can be tiring, but I really enjoy it here . Of cou rse I' m not a llowed to
do the cutt ing, but I help with perm ing and blow-drying and I do the
2 1 consequently washing myself. I'd love to do the job when I leave school.
2 add itio na lly
3 like
4 still Use of English
TIP: It's a good idea to reco rd linking words that have the sa me or 7 1 ,
similar meaning together. To see that thi s is the correct answer, tr y look ing a t t he sen tence
3 READING EXAM with the wor ds in a differ ent o rde r: ' I go ID No rthtown School,
1 H
which is we ll known for sport.' Both ' to' and 'which' ar e
necessa ry,
' During thi s period' after th e gap refers back to the 'difficult
2 ,
tra in ing period' in the miss ing sentence.
You need th e Presen t Perfect of 'he successful'.
2 E
3 ,
Sentence E introduces the 'e xt rem e physical d iscomfort' that the
speaker goes on describing after the gap. Completes the structure we use for compa rin g experiences 'as
, C (ma ny) as (som ebody)'.
The lin king wor d 'The refo re' links the tra in ing drivers' dec ision to 4 c
keep their previous jobs to the reaso n : ' l.ea rner drivers are not You are ' responsible fQ.r som ethi ng'; yo u a re ' res po ns ible iQ'
allowed to ... earn money as d rive rs' . som eo ne, for example yo ur boss.
5 b
4 A
The ' tip' is mentioned both in sen tence A an d before th e ga p. The 'Do' is th e cor rect a uxilia ry for making qu estions.
sen te nces after th e gap co nt inue describing the risks of t he job
that th e missing sen tence mentions .

178 SMAR T ANSWE R KEY

 8 When I think a!&u1 the fu ture, I realise I really have no ide a w hat 16 b
I'm go ing to do. What I w ant to do is to enjoy the present and live Completes the structure 't ry' + -ing fo rm .
for the moment. When my brother ~ my age, all he di d w as make 2 ,
plans. He knew !rllf.If: he wanted to go to university, what co urse to 'Shou ld' is used for m a kin g suggestions like this.
ta ke - eve rything. Even as a teenager . he hili! decided Qll his job. 3 a
And, let me tell you, my brother is very bo ring! I'm going to live m y A job in this case is like a place, t he literal meaning of ' a
life differl'Otly. pos itio n'.
4 c
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
Co mp letes the structure ' be (possi ble) + fo r (someone/some t hi ng)
1 a + infi nit ive with 'to' . As we ll as 'po ssib le', t his str uc ture ca n be
The ln dcf lriite a rticle 'a' is needed to int rod uce the 'c rowd' .
used wit h word s suc h as ' impossible' , 'easy', 'di fficult', etc.
2 " S b
Co mp letes t he str uctu re we use for comparing peop le 'as (h igh) as
Busi nesses ' have' staff, offices, managers, pro fits, etc. in the same
(some body)' .
way that schools ' have' teachers, students, classrooms, good exam
3 t han resu lts, etc.
Completes the comparison with 'more'.
4 who/that 17 SPEAKING EXAM
Both these words are possible to link this defining relative clause TIPS: There is q uite a lot to do in this task, so it's important to think
to the 'people' it describes. carefully about it all before you start.
S do You need to understand the five jobs advertised.
'Do' is used to form the question here with 'you'. You need to th ink how to ask correct quest ions about the four points
6 to in the exam task. Fo r the first one, you could ask, 'Wh at kind of wor k
Co m pletes t he structu re 'ask (someone) to ' + verb. e xperience do you have?', and so on .
7 has You shou ld be ready to ask follow-up q uestion s, such as, 'Why is
Co m pletes th e Present Perfect verb form here of th e verb 'be '. th at?' or 'Co uld you tell me more about tha t?' .
8 On For the fourth point, yo u need to relate you r part ne r's exper ience and
Co m pletes t he phrases 'on t he othe r hand ', used to introduce a inte rests to one or more of the jobs advertised.
cont rast.
Picture-based discussion
Writing 18 I white-collar 8 tra ining
2 manual 9 assistant
Writing a formal letter 3 office 10 promotion
4 unskilled I 1 commute
10 Your own ideas.
5 skilled 12 stressful
11 Your 0\'0'0 ideas. 6 hig hly skille d 13 holidays
12 like 7 qualified 14 pension
Completes th e struct ure 'would like' + in finit ive wit h 'to'. TIP: This exe rcise intro duces a lot of useful voca bulary to talk abo ut
2 wonderin g job s in general.
Co mpletes the st ruct ure 'be wo ndering if.
3 ho pe 19 d
Th e verb 'hope' is usually fo llowed by a 't hat' cla use. 'Bet te r at' must be follo wed by a nou n or a n .ing form .
4 interested 2 ,
Completes the structure 'be interested' + infinitive with 'to'. (Th is ' Ve ry' is followed by an ad jective.
shouldn't be confused wit h 'be interested in' + -ing for m, which 3
has a different meantng.j You need to think about the logic of this sentence to find the
correct answer.
NOTE: All of these structures are used to request information. 4 c
13 Your own ideas. The phrase is 'I nvolved in (something)'.
S b
14 WRITING EXAM We need a clause that contrast with 'works very hard physically'
TIPS: You must address th e requi red point s in this rath er spe cific becau se o f 'Although' at th e sta rt of the sente nce: 'not ... too
e xa m ta sk. st ressful'.
Your lett er need s to have a suita ble o pening and closing.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
It needs to be clear who you are, and why yo u are writing this lett er.
It needs to cover the three points listed in the advertise ment. TIPS: You mu st talk about the three q uest ions included in the exam
The first two points in fact consist of at least two sub-points. task.
Make sure you include enough deta il. For exam ple, for the first point You can talk a bout them in any order that you want, although the
you need to say: o rde r in the list is perhaps a good, logical order to talk about them
what you are studying and where you are studying in.
what you have achieved, in terms of exam results, membership of There should be a quite a lot of things you can say about the
teams, ere. pictures, as well as answering the questions.
what you are inte rested in, for example your hobbies. Use you r imagination: thin k about what hours these people probably
You should use a suitable formal style t hroug hout. work, what they are ma king, or what skills they need, a nd so on.

Speaking
Situational role-play
15 1 done
Completes the Presen t Perfect verb form.
2 relevant
These words often appear together whe n we talk about jobs:
' relevan t experience'.
3 o rganised
Completes the Present Perfect verb form.
4 clear
The ph rase is 'h ave a clear idea', mea ni ng 'to kn ow exactly'.
5 wor king
Th e -illg for m com pletes the t he ph rase 'working with peo ple'.
Th is is a freq ue n tly asked qu estion when yo u apply for a job .
6 prefe r
We use 'prefer' to talk about wha t we like to do.
7 Tell
Completes th e imperative.

SMART AN SWER KEY 179

Higher level cheap dinners, we d rive a secon d-h and car, an d leso n freelances as a
computer specialist in addi tion to his regul ar job.
Reading Two-incom e coupl es often get used to perks like ex pensive ca rs, dinners
o ut and overseas vacat ions, and then whe n they have child ren, they have
1 n ls t rue. to cut back. We never had that so we don't feel deprived.
We read 'o ne in twe n ty e mployers (5%) agreed t hat a ppea rance I didn't even try to make a ca reer, bu t the n ... when you' re old and
was a decisive facto r', which is the sam e as say ing th at 95% di d n 't dying, you don 't think a bout wha t you did at work, do you? And do you
ag ree wit h this statement. know wh at I loo k forwa rd to? I really hope to live lo ng e noug h to see my
great-gr andc hildren.
2 READING EXAM
L1nda Stern
I d I dropped out of college when I go t married, and my daughter was born
We read 'the telephone conversanon I'd ha d with one of them when I was 23. Two years later I had my seco nd child, and soon after th at
beforehand suggested ... the interview was [ust a formality'. my husban d and I split up. I work as an admi nistrative assistant and ra ise
2 b the children on my own. The truth is I envy those couples who waited to
We read " knew I'd lost immed iately because of the way they become esta blished . They bought homes and put some money aside. We
looked at me'. were always beh ind; we started off with much less and never managed to
J ,
catch up. My child ren are a great joy to me, but I'd advise my daughter
We read 'Some are turned down for jobs, others mi ss out o n to wait until she's 28 o r 30.
promotion'. The second group of people me ntioned a rt' not Vanessa Carroll
applying for new jobs. It's a general prob lem - the best years for having children are also the
4 c best time fo r establishing a career. The only thing you can do is deci de
We read 'Discrim ination cla ims involvi ng a lleged look-ism are wha t you wa nt to achiev e by a ce rtain point in you r life, and plan
surging in the US: The verb 'surge' mean s ' increase sudden ly'. bac kwards from the re. I was de termined no t to end up as a 35-year-old
Note that answer b is also true, but th e in formation is not given assistant. I deci ded to take a big pay cut and move d from file to a smaller
in th e article, se it's not the co rrec t answer here! magazine so that I co uld get to a highe r position in my job. That'lI he lp
5 b when I get back to wor k.
The interviewee says 'it's only a matter of time befo re so me kin d
of beauty bias legisla tion co mes in to play'. The noun 'bias' m ea ns
'strong feenng in favour of or against a cer ta in gro up o f people'. Use of English
The ph rase 'come in to pla y' mea ns 'appea r'.
S l i 2f3j 4 e S d 6a 7b 8 h 9g to c
Listening 6 Th e text m ent io ns: A, H, E, F.
Th e first two app ea r in t he seco nd pa ragraph . the ot hers in the last
3 Your ow n ideas. two par agraph s.
4 LISTENING EXAM 7 USE DF ENGLISH EXAM
I IJ I t hose
Wl' hear "two-I ncom e co uples often get used to per ks, a nd . 'Thos e' he re refers to ' peo ple who a re (look ing for a job )' .
when . . th ey ha ve ch ild ren , th ey have to cu t back. We never had 2 why 110t
that so we do n' t feel dep rived' . Thi s ph rase is used to gtve advice, in th e fo rm of a q uestio n.
2 IJ 3 eve n
Th e sta te me n t is rea lly a sum ma ry of what she' s sayi ng . She says Th e wo rds 'eve n if' oft en appea r together to ta lk abo ut a
'I really ho pe I live lo ng e no ugh to see m y grea t-gran dchildren', cond itio n o r pa rticul ar ctrcums tances.
and also says 'w he n you' re old and dying, yo u don 't think ab out -t for
what yo u di d a t wo rk, do yo u?' - suggesti ng yo u'd th ink of you r We use 'for' after 'apply'.
fami ly. S this kind of
:J D The ph rase here refe rs to t he kind of work you're applying fo r.
we hea r 'The o n ly thing you ca n do is decide wha t yo u wa n t to 6 to
achieve by a certain po int in your life, and plan bac kwa rds from Completes the struct ure 'be af raid to (do somet hing)'.
t here'. She a lso mentions c hanging jo bs so she ca n ret u rn to a 7 being
higher pos itio n after having ch ild ren (see note for 6). The phrase 'be ing greedy' is the subject o f t he sentence, so it
4 is not mentioned. needs an -tng fo rm .
S A 8 so met h ing
we hear "Tim had to wo rk ex tra ho urs to help lIS ma ke e nds Completes the structure 'something' + adjective, which has the
meet'. same mean ing as 'somet hing that is' + adjective.
6 J)
Wc hear ' 1 decided to take a big pay cut and moved from Elte to a Writing
sma ller magazin e so that I cou ld get to a higher pos itio n in my
job'.
7 C
Writing a formal letter/job application
we hear ' I work as a n administra tive assista nt and raise t he 8 1 a 2b 3a -tb 5b 6a
c hildren on my own'. TIP: You need to use suitable formal language in a job application.
8 :\ The meaning of each pair of sentences is very similar, but in a
We hea r 'We didn't wa nt to be o ld parents ... when t he c h ildren situation like th is you shou ld pay attention to how you're ph rasing
finished h igh school'. wha t you want to say.

~ 16 TRANSCRIPT 9 WRITING EXAM

TIP: Your letter must cover the required information in the
Sta rting a family ea rly usually means giving som ethi ng up. I asked a few
advertise ment.
women who had child ren early in the ir lives what the decision mea nt for
You need to :
them and what price they had to pay. li sten to what they told me.
introd uce yourself and ex plain the pu rpose of your le tter
Tara Hastings
ex plain yourself in relatio n to the three points the advertiseme nt
We d id n't wa nt to be old paren ts. We tho ug ht it wou ld be gre at to be still
requ ires guid es to have
full of energy when t he children finished high schoo l. But whe n I left my
close the letter in a n app ropr iate way.
job as a manage r to be with th e childre n, it affected me mor e than I'd
You should use a suitable forma l style.
expec te d. You beco me miserable whe n yo u stay at hom e all the time, and
Try to use a range of g ramm atical struct ures - fo r exa mple, you can
when you start losing respect for yourse lf, yo ur partn er loses respect for
use d iffe rent ve rb tenses whe n talking abo ut yourself.
you. On the other hand , rim had to work extr a hou rs to he lp us ma ke
end s me et, a nd that ob viously deprived him of time to spend w ith the
kids and also created distan ce between us. Our marriage suffered, we
se parate d, a nd it was really to ugh for both of us. Now, I' m back at wo rk,
a nd we're back togeth e r, but it wasn't all easy.
Janlce Pepper
Having my first child at 22 meant tightening th e belt. Now we have three
dau ghters, and we're still far from well off. We still have to ge t by on

180 SMART ANSWER KEY

Speaking 6 LISTENING EXAM
Picture-based discussion
10 Your ow n id eas.
11 Your own ideas.
12 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must add ress the ques tions in th e exam task, in relation to
the picture.
You need to use you r imagination, and to specu late about the
picture. For e xample, you co uld say: 'Of co urse, I don 't know exact ly
wher e this picture wa s taken, but it looks as if th e woman is perhaps
repa iring so me kind of old wooden structure. I expec t this is on a
farm ..:
You need to create a link from the picture to the mor e general
opinion -based part of th e speaking task.
You co uld say something like: " suppose you might be mor e likely to
see a man doing this kind of work than a woman . But that do esn't
mean tha t wom en are an y less ab le to do this kind of wo rk - it's just
a question of tradition. However, I think it's possible to say that some
jobs .. :
1 b
we hea r ' my bi rt hd ay is in two wee ks' t im e' .
2 c
He mentions th e mothers of his six child re n: ' two by m y second
wife and four by my third '.
3 c
We hea r ' te n o ut of my twe lve gra ndchil d ren '.
4 a
Wc h ear ' the work o n the farm was ha rd and we spe nt all day
o utdoors'. He co n tradicts the othe r two o pt io ns : 'we had no idea
wha t a heal th y d iet was' and 'There was no nee d to take a ny
exercise'.
S b
We h ear '1 lost one brother and o ne sister ... bu t th ose t hat
survived lived in to old ag e' .
6 c
We hear 'What you ca n do is ... have a positiv e a tt it ude' .
7 b
He mentions giving lip smo king a pipe: 'after a week or so m y
wife co uld n' t sta nd it, so J th rew t he pip e aw ay' .

8 Health Radio pr esen ter

Good afternoo n, listener s. Today, in our programm e 'Peop le Around Us'
Reading Helen Crow is talking to Mr Alistair Sinclair, a farm er from Carsto n who's
one hundred years old.
1 1 ble 2 e/b 3 g 4 d 5 h 6 a/ b/e 7 f 8 c Helen Crow
Mr Sinclair, how does it fee l to be one hundred?
NOTE : Some phrases can be mat ched with more tha n one verb. Allstair Sincl air
2 b2d 3 c4 a Well, actually, I'm not one hundred yet. I was bo rn o n , 0 Septe m ber, so
my birthday's in two weeks ' time. I co uld n' t forget ab out it, everybody is
3 READING EXAM
making so much fuss.
[l
H elen Crow
Co m pletes th e st ruct ure 'increase (som ebody's) cha nce of ' + noun You have such a big family, how ma ny people are com ing to ce lebrate ?
or -tng form. Mr Slncl alr
2 I I've had six children, two by my second wife a nd fo ur by my third. Four
We ne ed a noun aft er t he possessive adj ec tive 'yo ur' and before of them are still alive and the y're all coming, tog eth er with ten out of my
th e prep ositi on 'of'. The m eaning of ' in ta ke' is 'am o un t that yo ur twelve grandchildren and most of my great-g ra ndchild ren. My eldest
bod y receiv es'. qreet-qranddauqhter's expecting a baby, so yo u co uld say there'u be five
3 A generations presen t.
Th e seco nd half o f th e phrasal ve rb 'wor k out' is after th e gap . Helen Crow
4 H You're in perfect shap e, what do you do to keep fit?
The sen tence afte r t he ga p, ' Exercise sho uld be a pleasu re' refers Mr Sinclalr
to so me t hi ng yo u 'e n joy doing'. Nowada ys, people see m crazy about having a healthy lifestyle. When I
5 " was young, nobody thought about such thing s. I was o ne of te n child ren
Th e seco nd ha lf of t he phrasa l verb 'get up ' is af ter th e gap . Th e in my family; we had no idea what a health y die t was, we we re happy if
form of ' wa lking' later in th e sen te nce is also a clu e, as we use we had enough to ea t. There was no need to take any exercise, the wo rk
' t ry' with t he -i ng fo rm . on the farm was hard, and we spent all day outd oors. You had to be
6 C strong; I lost one broth er and one sister quite early, but those that
Th e missin g p h rase, 'k eep calm ' gives the sa me advice yo u read survived lived into old age. We all probably took after my father, who died
befor e th e ga p: ' Don't get st ressed'. (Gra m mat ically, G is a lso at the age of ninety-four. I don't think you can do anything to guarantee
posstble.) a long life, it just happens to yo u. You can' t avoid hardship, even
7 E tragedi es, because that 's what life is like. What you can do is be as active
The mean ing of th e m issing phrase helps you decid e here. as possible and have a po sitive attitude.
S G H elen Cro w .
The previou s se ntence ment ions one extre me o f be ing 'a fitn ess Have you ever smoked?
fanatic'. The mi ssing phrase contrasts with th is. (Gra m matic ally, Mr Sinclalr
C is also po ssible.) Well, I haven't tried cigare tt es, no . But o nce I thou ght I'd look interesting
with a pipe, so I tried that. But after a wee k or so my wife co uld n' t stand
Listening it, so I threw the pipe away. Actually, she left me a few mon ths later, but I
didn 't start smoking again.
4 The co rrect answer is b .
Hel en Crow
TIP: Always read th e instructions carefully so you know what you Than k you, Mr Slnclalr, o n beha lf of our listeners I wish you all the best
sho uld expec t to hear. a nd a very happy birthday.
M r Slnclair
S T
Thank you.
You find th e informat ion in qu estion l.
2 ,
Ques tio n 2 tells LIS he's been married once, twice or t h ree times. Use of English
3 T
Questio n 3 tells us he's go t six, te n or twelv e grandchildren. 7 p re positi o ns: int o, from , in , as, belo w
4 T modal verbs: m ay, co u ld, sho uld have, will , is going to
We rea d in q ues tion 4 di ffferent th ings tha t happen ed when Mr pronouns: we, h im , tha t, herself, its
Stn clat r 'was yo ung'. articles: t he, a n, (some)
5 F determiners: m uch, a lot o f, some
Qu estio n 5 tells us Mr Sincla ir had bro th e rs an d siste rs. linking words: how ever, t hat, alt hough, but, neverthe less
6 T And your ow n an swer s.
Que stio n 6 te lls us what Mr Sinclair believes to be im po rtant.
7 T
Qu estio n 7 me ntions Mr Sincla ir giving up smo kin g.
TIP: Not ice that you can find o ut a lot abo ut Mr Sindair from the
questions before you even hea r the recording . This will help you
focus on specific infor mat ion as you listen.

SMART ANSWER KEY 181

 8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM 1S so
1 bee n 'So tha t' ha s similar meani ng to ' in order to' .
Com pletes t he Present Perfect verb form . 2 th eir
2 able We need the possessive adjective here - it 's t he 'energy levels' of
' He ab le to ' is used to expr ess ability. ' peo ple' .
3 tha t/w h ich 3 most
Eit her wo rd is poss ib le to in troduce a defin in g relative cla use. Th e supe rlative is prese nted he re - 't he most im po rta n t poi nt'.
4 tha n 4 from
The meaning of t he sen tence helps decid e th is is a com parati ve Co m pletes t he stru ctu re 'protec t (some body/something) from
struc ture , whi ch we cou ld rephrase as 't he British ha ve onl y l'WT (somebody/so met h ing else)' .
go t as fa r as break fast' , 5 about
5 order We're tnvtnng someone to give us t heir opin ion, to te ll us wha t
The phrase ' in order la ' in tro duces an infi n itive of purp ose. they 't hink abou t some t hi ng ' .
6 are
16 SPEAKING EXAM
Completes th e Presen t Conti nuo us verb form . (Presen t Pe rfect
TIPS: You mu st talk abou t all the possible ideas that a re listed in the
Co nunuous, 'ha ve been ch ang ing' wou ld be possible
exam task.
grammatically, but the tas k requ tres th at you wr ite on ly one
word.) Remember that the po int throug hout yo ur discussion is how suitable
7 up they would be for use in a poste r campaign - so it's really about how
easily they ca n be communicated .
Co m p letes the ph rasal verb 'tu rn up ', mean ing 'a rrive
{sponta neously)'. Conside r all five first, and then move onto deciding which two wo uld
be most suitable for the posters.
8 likely
A good way to approach each one could be to ask each other wha t
Mean ing 'it 's more likely th at yo u' ll be given cu rry or stir-fry t han
roast beef' . wou ld happ en if everybody did or did n't do these things.
Rememb er to respond to wha t each other says.
Writing Picture-based discussion
17 1 of
Writing an informal letter Co m pletes t he st ruct ure '(dtsjadvantage of' + no u n/-illg form _
9 Your ow n ideas. compa re to, for exa m ple, ' Resta uran ts h ave the disadvantage of
10 1 delicious being ex pens ive.'
2 soph isticated 2 t he
3 atmosphe re Co m p letes t h is usef ul way of int rod ucing a n idea.
.J. vegeta rians 3 to
5 fash ionable Co mpletes t he useful expression 't he' most im po rta nt t hing is +
in finit ive with 'to'.
TIP: Read the com pleted sente nces to check that they make sense 4 with
logically. Completes t he st ructu re 'provide (som eone/somet h tngj with' +
11 1 H 2 A 3 B 4 B nou n .
S in
TIP: It's important to focus on using the a ppro priate style and Th is is the correct preposition : t he flavour s are in t he dish es.
vocabul ary, not just on mean ing.
18 If you ha ve to wor k late, you can eat a fast food d in ner on yo ur
12 Fo rma l open in g a nd cl osi ng way h om e.
Dear Sir/Ma da m/ Director -+ You rs faith fully 2 For young people, fast foo d is a cheap alte rnative to a resta urant.
When you don 't know t he na me of the perso n you're wr iting to. 3 Let's face it , some people don't like cooki ng an d fast food means
Dear Ms Bowl es -+ Yours sincerely they don 't have to do it.
Wh en you kn ow the nam e of the person yo u're writing to. 4 If you ne ed to provide a large group wit h a meal, fast food is an
In form a l ope n ing an d cl osin g easy way to do it.
Dear jesstca -+ All th e best/ Lots of love
19 SPEAKING EXAM
Dependi ng on how well yo u know t he pe rson yo u'r e wr it ing to.
TIPS: You must dea l with the questions tha t the exam task includes.
13 WRITING EXAM You can use the questions to provide you with a struc ture for your
TIPS: You must a nswer all the qu estion s in the letter you have bee n talk.
sent. For this level, the que stion s a re rather straightforward, so you sho uld
You must make sure you produ ce an app rop riate informal let ter: it try to int rod uce ideas of your own.
must have a suitable opening and closing. Try to think of different ways in which you ca n com pare - and
Make sure you see what you need to do: contrast - the foods show n in the pictures.
ide ntify the natio nal dishes You can expand app aren tly sim ple questions. For exam ple, when you
explain which ones are your favourites are asked 'Which would you prefer?', take t he op po rtu nity to talk
say w hen you have your main meal abou t you r eating habits in ge neral. You can explain that you ofte n
discuss any cha nges that are hap pen ing to food and eating . eat tradit ional food, but that yo u are qu ite health-con scious, an d so
You shou ld think carefully a bout how ma ny words you will use on you also eat a lot of salads. However, if you go out to the cinema
eac h section. with friends in the evening, you are quite likely to get some fast food
Make the most of oppo rtun ities to show how much lang uage you to share before the film starts, an d so on.
know. Don't just name foods (afte r all, that won't be in English
anyway). Explain that a d ish is, for exam ple, absolutely delicious, or
very spicy, or coo ked very slowly, or popu lar in the south of the
country, or made only in winte r, and so on .
Higher level
Speaking Listening
1 I Three.
Situational role-play 2 About medical problems they ha ve experien ced .
14 I Exercise regu larly .J. Eat less sugar 3 One wo rd in each gap .
2 Dress sensibly 5 Always wash your hands TIP: Always read the instructions carefully to make sure you
:l Get e nough sleep unde rsta nd exactly what you need to do.
2 1 m ounta in (noun) 5 money (n oun )
2 sm oke (verb ) 6 basketball (nou n)
:l roast chicken (noun ) 7 dangerous (ad jective)
4 ru n n ing (-i llg form of ve rb) 8 dairy product s (nou n)
3 Your own idea s.

182 SMART A NSWER KEY

4 LISTENING EXAM
know my parents we re worried.
1 ladder Agneta
The ball was in the tree so Jo hn went on a ladde r to try to gel it. r reme mbe r 1 thou ght they we re pretty strange.
2 worry
John
John says t he doctor said 'I shouldn't worrv'. She also said John And is it righ t they we re part of an allergy?
should do so me exe rcise. ' Davld
3 soup Yes, a bad allerg ic reaction . So now 1 must never have any strawberries. As
He says he 'loves' sou p ' whe n h e's not well'. long as I don't, I' m OK.
4 skiing Agneta
Remember the answer must be one wo rd. You can not answer with Ooh, that' s not fair. Strawber ries are the best fruit!
'a ll holid ay' or 'go ing the wron g way' etc. Davld
S insuran ce Well, I've never been crazy abou t them a nyway...
Gram matic ally. it cannot be 'i nsured', and 'bills' wou ld not make
sense.
6 swi mming Use of English
She ' loves' swimmi ng. and not being able to ' was th e wo rst
thing', 5 False.
7 funny We read 'coo le r weath er doesn 't cause co ld '.
He t hough t t hey were ' funn y'; it was his parents wh o were 2 True .
'worried' , an d Agneta who t ho ugh t t hem 's t range', We read 'd ry a ir ma kes t he nasal cavity mor e susceptible to bugs '.
8 st rawberries 3 True.
He says he 'must never have an y st rawbe rries', David 's allergic to We read 'cases of co lds a nd nu su rge between the begin n in g of
stra wb erries. autumn and spring'.
4 Patse.
lIr 18 TRANSCRIPT We read 'two to fou r resp irat o ry infecti on s a yea r; ch ild ren even
m or e'.
Davld S True.
Hi Agneta, hi John . You also have to read the four possible ans w ers to dec ide t his, as
Agneta the gap is whe re a key ve rb wo u ld be (positive or negative). All
Hi Devid. four o pt ions seem to encourage you to avoid physical contact.
John You may be able to decide without reading the answers if you
Hi David. read the whole paragraph instead, but it 's less obvious.
Davld 6 False.
Did you hurt your foo t? We read 'kissing and sh a king hands a re su re ways to catch a cold ' .
Agn eta
It looks terrible! 6 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
John 1 b
Yes, it doesn't look good, does it? Oh, I was so stupid. I was playing wit h The phrasal verb ' brus h up (on somet hin g)' means to 'revise/ recall
a ball, and it got stuck up a tree. The only way to get it back was to go what you know (a bo ut so me th ing)' .
up the tree, I thought, so I got my dad's ladder , and started climbing up 2 a
that , but th en I slipped, and so me and the ladder cam e crashing down. I The phrase is 'co n tra ry to po pu lar belief' , meaning 'many people
landed badly on my foot , and so here we are . believe it but it's not act ua lly t rue'.
Davld 3 d
Oh dea r! And is it broken? Will the dama ge be perm anent ? Using ' a cha nce' would also be co rrect , but not without the
Agneta indefinite article 'a'.
What did the doctor say? d
John Co mp letes t he ph rase 'associated wit h', meani ng 'co nn ected to'.
She said it's not actually broken, and basically said I sho uldn't worry - it 5 a
will fully recover. In the meantime I have to do some gentle exercise . Co mp letes t he phrase 't he ave rage (ad ult)', used to give a typica l
So I have to rest a lot. But it's OK, I ca n watch TV a lot. And eat , too. I exa m ple to illustra te th e po int you' re making.
always love having soup when I'm not well - it's really nice. Anyway, 6 a
didn't you damage your foot last year, Agneta? Ihts is th e o n ly wo rd that fits the context logica lly as well as
Agneta gram matically,
Er, my leg, not foo t, bu t yes, it was horrible. It ruined my holida y. We 7 c
we re skiing, and I we nt the wro ng way suddenly som ehow - I do n't You do n 't have to avoid peo ple wit h a co ld comple tely but you
know, but , crack, that wa s that. need to be care fu l aro und th em so yo u don't catch a virus from
John th em .
Awful. And I suppose the ho liday was expensive.. . 8 c
Agneta Co mp letes the phrase 'keep (alone's) distance' .
Yes, and to make matters wo rse my da d, my silly dad , had n't
rem em bered to renew my travel insurance, so I wasn' t insured a t a ll. We Reading
had to pay really big hospital bills.
John 7 I Because of thi s
Oh no. 2 so
Davld 3 Altho ugh
How long were you out of action? '" as a result Of
Agneta TIP: Note the co nnection between cause and effect, an d the various
I don 't know, it was wee ks and weeks and wee ks. I hated it because I ways in which yo u can e xpress this.
cou ld n' t really do anyth ing .
8 A True.
John
1 wou ldn't mind!
B False.
Agneta They suffe red from 'scu rvy' , bot seasick ness .
C True.
Yes, but I couldn't eve n go for a walk, and you know how I really love
swimming, so it was completely awful no t being able to go - tha t was the o True .
worst thing. E False.
John A varied diet is mentioned, but weight loss is not connected to
At least you've never broken a nyth ing, David. thi s.
Davld
f f a lse.
Yes, I'm glad about that. we read 'It has a lon g history' .
Agn eta G True.
But on the othe r hand you had that skin thing. H False.
He in tr oduced a new measur e m ent fo r the 'heat value' o f foods -
John
Oh, yes, your amazi ng spots. to measure how much e nergy they contain.
Davld
fa lse.
last month, yes. There were so many - they seemed funny to me, but I There's no mention of Vita m in C in the paragr aph .

SMART ANSWER KEY 183

 9 READING EXA M S C
I A '111l' passive is US("d with the verb 'cause'; not e the positi on o f th e
Thi s paragraph introduces th e topic and the gen eral idea of diets adverb 'o ften'.
and dieting. 6 e
2 G ' It's a good idea ' + infin itive with ' to' is a good struc ture for
Thi s paragraph goes on to explain the 'diffe rent kind ' of diets making suggestions and recommendations in a positive way.
introduced in th e previ ous paragraph . 14 Your own ideas.
3 I:
1 S SPEAKING EXAM
This paragraph picks up 'all th ese' - th e list of kind s in th e
previous paragraph - and focuses on the modern meaning. TIPS: The exam task makes its requirements clear, and you must talk
about the points it mentions.
C
This paragraph begin s with ' it', meaning th e ' h isto ry' at the end The best approach is probably to begin by describing the pictures.
of the previous paragraph . There are oppo rtun ities here for you to show some of the lang uage
S E you know by describing them in interesting detai l.
This paragraph links to ' William th e Co nqueror' in the previo us Don't forget that you can specu late a little: What treatment is the
paragraph with ' h im', young wo man having? Why do you think it is needed ?
6 11 Think about the lang uage functions requ ired for the two ques tions in
Th is paragraph tal ks abo ut 't hese', lin king hack to 'diffe ren t the exam task. The first requ ires you to explain things, the second to
things our bodies need ' in the previou s parag raph . use appro priate ways to make suqqestlons or recom menda tions.
7 Il Debate
This paragraph link s ' the discovery' to the realisation abo ut
Vitamin C in the previous paragraph. 16 Possible answers:
s It Hea lth y: gyms- cycle paths, co mmuti ng to work /sch ool by publi c
This para graph mo ves on from the previou s one - ' nobod y knew' tran spo rt
- to the work of Atwater. Un healt hy: fast food , surfing the Int ern et, uvtng in citie s, so ft drinks
9 I I'lhc catego risation depends o n your own opinion. )
This paragraph links 't h is measurement' to the 'calorie' t' mcasure 17 You r own idea s.
th e heat value.. .') in th e previous paragraph. 18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: First think about wha t ideas are involved: there are actually two
Writing separate statements: our mod ern lifestyle is unh ealthy, and we live
longer than 100 years ago .
Writing a letter from the editor (of a student Think of things that are unhealthy about the way we live to support
magazine) the first statement. Try to think of counter-arguments, as well: what
10 1 c are the healthy aspects of mod ern living?
Com pletes t he st ructure: adjective + 'for (someo ne)' + infi n itive Now conside r what you know abo ut life 100 years ago, and how
with 'to'. For example, 'it was exc iting for us to visit Australia. ' muc h has chang ed since about the way we live. Don 't forget : you' re
2 a not tested on how mu ch you know about the early 20th century, but
Putt ing 'W hat' at th e fron t like t h is is a usefu l way o f makin g abo ut how well you express you rself in English!
you r focus clear. For exa mple , ' What I find really difficult In If you don't know somet hing for certain, yo u can say so, for examp le
English is t he phrasa l verbs .' 'I'm not sure if it's true but maybe people ate more mea t and less
3 a vegetables' . Or, you can speculate about the changes 'Working out
Co mpletes the expression 'give a point of View', mean ing to and exercising may have becom e more po pular in the last 100 years'.
'say/ write what you think. To ' have a point of view ' Is simply l ook at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for some useful phrases for
what you think. the debate task.

C
c o mpletes the phrase ' as long as', whi ch mean s ' if'.
S b
Co mpletes the ' be go ing to ' future form.
9 Sport
11 Your own ideas. Reading
12 WRITING EXAM
1 The best summary is b.
TIPS: Your letter must include all four points in the list that the exam
2 Possible answers:
task specifies.
I He saw Evcrton play l .tverpool with his dad o n 'IV at hi s uncle's
Your lette r needs to have an opening and closing, such as 'Dear Rita',
house.
and it needs to sign off from you as editor. However, it wouldn't be
2 He played in the school team .
ap propr iate to write comments like 'See you soon,' as you proba bly
3 li e wo n a swimming competi tio n.
don 't know the person well (or at all).
4 li e buys a seaso n ticket.
The main part of your lett er needs to respond to what Rita has
5 Liverpool won the Cha mpions' League.
written, and then to make your own suggestions.
6 The ir car broke down on the motor way.
The first and fourth points listed can pro bably be written in one or
two sentences each. 3 READING EXAM
Think carefully about how many words and senten ces you will need I f
to prepare to write for the main two points. We read ' My fath er and my o lder brother support Evcrton . but I
Write in an appropriate neutral style throughout. Remember that suppo rt Liverpool'.
your reply is meant to be read by all the students who read the 2 B
magazine . ti e tells the story of th e first Liverpool game he watched on
telev ision , whe n he ' loved th e way th e Red s played ' (the Red s is
Speaking th e nickn ame for Liverpool . after the colour of their team shi rt )
and decided 'to become a Liverpool pla yer'.
Picture-based discussion -' A
He answ ers ' I've n ever played for a serious team ', although he also
13 I d
mentions ha ving played for his school team.
This is th e first co nd itio nal, here used to make a
D
recommendation .
His answ er in cludes ' I go alo ng to all th e hom e gam es', and 'I
2 I
wea r red every Saturda y'.
' Fluo ride in your toothpaste' is the subject of th e verb 'makes'.
5 C
3 a
I-Ie refers to watching hi s team winning th e Champions' League
'Should ' is for clear adv ice: the time phrase 'every two o r three
as 'amazing', some he 'still can 't believe'.
mo nths' wo rks like an adverb on the verb 'change' ,
6 (j
b He tells the story of how h e wanted to go to the I-'t\ Cup Final to
The first co nd itional her e co m mun icates a warning of th e bad
Card iff with his frien d, but th eir car brok e dow n .
outco mes of eat ing certain foods.

184 SMART ANS W ER KEY

Listening
4 Possib le answer:
The recording h about a famous sportsperson, Muhammad AIi. who
was a boxer.
S a an d c
State me nt h is about Muham mad Ali's o pin ion a bo ut his
daughter's box i ng. 'A l i ke' m eans 'si m ilar',
2 aand b
' By (a ce rtai n tim e)' a nd 'be fore (a ce rtain lime)' a re sim ilar in
meaning - th ey refe r to t ill' pe riod sta rt ing befor e, t hen finis h in g
at his 25t h birth day.
3 a and c
Statement 1J has th e exact opposite meaning. If so met h ing takes
you less time to do, you can do it ea rlier tha n expected.
6 LISTENING EXAM
1 d
We hear ' he was known ... for h is poetry', He d idn't win three
Olympic go ld medals. but beca me t he heavyweight box ing wor ld
champion three times. He was n't ac tua lly a 'ra pper', t he text only
says his ability co uld have ma de h im o ne.
2 a
The record i ng refers to 'a local po licemanJot' Martin ', a nd in t ill'
next sen tence men tions th at ' Mart in was the boxing coac h'.
3 b
We he a r t hat 'he signed a lucrat ive pro fessiona l co ntr act' very
soon after h is Olympic victory a t the age of 18 . He was a n
amateu r boxer for only 6 years. won most of h is m at ches, and
'became a celebrity', so non e of the other options are correct.
c see where any words that are left over could logically fit.
We hear ' li e refused to serve in the Ame rican army ... and, as a
resu lt, he lost his championsh ip belt' (the belt bei ng the symbol
of t he cha mpion). His five-year sentence that's me ntioned in the
recor d tng 'was ca nce lled by the Supreme Co urt'.
S d
We hea r ' he ha s not bee n forgo tten'. The reco rd ing co ntrad icts a ll
th e ot he r t hree answe rs.
~ 19 TRANSCRIPT
You must have hea rd about Muha mmad AIi - pro bab ly the most famous
athlete and one of the best- known people in the world. But what do you
actually know about his life?
He was the first three -time heavyweight boxing champion of the world.
He was known for his powerful fists as well as for his poetry. His ability to
compose rhymes on the run could easily qua lify him as the first rapper. He
won an Olympic go ld meda l and laler threw it into a river in prot est
against racism in America.
Ali's interest in box ing began whe n he was 12. He was livi ng in a poor
black neighbourh ood in Louisville, together with his parents and broth er
Rudy. One day, when his new bicycle got stolen , Ali repo rted the fact to a
local policeman Ice Martin . He was furious and said that he was going to
beat up the thief. Martin was the boxing coach at the toutsvtlle's Club
and he also had a TV show called 'Tomo rrow's Cha mpions'. Seeing Ali's
de terminat ion, he suggested that the boy learned to fight.
Ali passionately devoted himself to amateur boxing. He t rained hard and
soon became a celebrity in his hometown. Within the next few years, he
won 100 of his 108 matches. At 18, he became Olympic gold medallist
and very soon he signed a lucrative professional contract.
In the 1960s, Ali became one of the mos t cont roversial figures in his
cou ntry. He refused to serve in the American a rmy in Vietnam for religious
reasons a nd, as a result, he lost his cham pionship belt. He was also
sente nced to five years in prison , but later the sente nce was cancelled by
the Supreme Court.
Muhammad Ali retired from boxing in 198 1 and soo n afterwards he wa s
diagnosed with Pa rkinson 's disease. However, he rem ained active in
various fields and he has not bee n forgotten. In 1999, he was nam ed
Sportsman of the Century by one of the biggest sports magazi nes. In the
same year, Ali's daughter Laifa made her debut as a boxer despite her
father's earlier comments against female boxing.
Use of English
1 watch
We norma lly say 'watch tsomeuu ng) on TV'.
2 com pete
Completes th e p hrase 'com pete fo r (a pr ize )'.
3 score
You can w in matches, but goa ls or po in ts a rc sco red.
.. play
It's a good idea to memorise which sports and games we 'play',
'do' and which we refer to with 'go' + -illS form.
S does
See the note for -t.
6 hi t
Do n' t con fuse how you get points in competitive sports with t he
result. You hit t he ball to sum:. a point.
7 sailed
We nor m ally use 'sail ' to refer to travelling by boat.
8 is played
Passive is needed he re.
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I Til e first modern Olym pic Ga mes we re he ld in Athe ns in 18 96 .
Grammat icall y ' in 189 6 in Ath ens ' wo uld a lso he correct , butth e
full sto p is given a t th e end of year.
2 Th e w inner of each competttton wins a gold medal.
:\ When the win ners receive their medal, their na tiona l ant hem is
p layed.
-t Th ere has also bee n a Winter O lympics ever}" four yea rs since
19 24 .
5 Before 1988 o nly amateurs could compete in the Olympic Games.
'Only' logically refe rs to 'amateurs' here, so its place is not
between the two parts of t he verb.
6 Ove r :\.5 billion people watched t he Sydney Olympics on
telev ision.
7 More t han eleve n th ou sand co mpetitors took pa rt in 2004 in the
Syd ney Slim me r Olympics.
You have to use two ' in' preposttt on s, so ' in th e 200 4 Syd ney
Summer Oty mptcs' ca n no t be correct.
8 The large num ber of peo ple who take par t makes it dif ficu lt and
expensive for the host cities to organise O lympics.
TIP : Sentence 8 is difficult because of the large number of words.
Cross out each one as you've used it, then re-read the sen tence to
Writing
Writing an emait
9 1 Basketball is played by a lmost every boy in m y region .
2 Olym pic cha m pio ns arc ad m ired by eve ryo ne.
3 A to ta l of ten go ld medal s we re won by our coun try in th e last
Olym pic Games.
4 Spor t will be played by fewer young peo ple in t he future, I' m
afraid. / I'm afraid spo rt will be played by fewer young peo ple in
the future.
5 The league championship final was watched by over 20 million
people.
10 There's nobody in the world as mad on sport .il5: my siste r. She wakes
up ta lking about it, and plays it ~ second she can of the day. I
th in k she dreams about it at night. Her bed room walls ardblodroo m
~ is covered in pos te rs o f fam o us spo rtspeople. All he r frien ds are
just !..llt same. I'm t!illill)' dif fer en t. I ca n ta ke it or lea ve it. I watch a
ga me o f foo tba ll occasion ally, but o nly if there isn 't i'! goo d film o n.
11 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Yo u must write abo ut exac tly what the exam task asks you to
write about.
Make sure you notice the words ' in your reg ion', and that you make
this the focus of your message.
You only have up to SOwords for your mesiage, and there is a lot to
say - three points altogether. Plan how many words to spend on
each point befo re you start writing.
If you miss a po int out, you will lose marks.
It you include some reasons for what you say, you will get more
ma rks.
Write in a neut ral style, as you do n't know th e people you're writing
to.
Writing an informal letter
12 I fo r
Com pletes t he structure 'be good/bad fo r (someone/somethi ng)' .
2 "
Complete", the phrase 'at least' , meaning 'a minimum of'.
3 what
'What' here means ' th e things that'.
-t in
'I n' always follows 'interested' in this kind of context.
S or
Th ese a rt' all atternauves. wit hin a negati ve list.
6 to
Co mpletes the st ruct ure 'ca n' t wa it to (do someth tng j' Thi s is no t
t he same as 'w a it for (so meo ne/some th ing)', for example, ' I'm
waiting fo r t he bus', or 'He waited for her in the pa rk'.
SMART ANSWER KEY 18S
13 D 19 I just
First conditio na l sentence: 'if' + Presen t Simple followed by 'w ill'.
2 A
The collocation is 'att itude to (somet hing/ somebod y)'.
.,
J C
The second half gives the condition for the higher achievements:
being ' part of a team'.
Completes the phrase ' make (somebody) do (something)'.
5 B
The first half is the subject of the complete sentence expressed in
an -ing form.
6 E
Completes the struc ture 'a (ad jective) way' + in fin itive with 'to' .
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Your lett er must cove r all the requir ed points in eno ugh de tail.
You need to spend at least 60 words on average on each point. Make
sure you have e noug h ideas prepared - don 't just start writing and
hope the ideas will come. (Eve n if they do come, they won't co me in
the right order.)
For the first point, don't just list the names of a few sports. Give this
some inte rest. and use different verb tenses, by saying which sports
you used to play (but don't now), which sports you play better, or
worse, or with whom, what time of yea r, and so on.
For the second point, really try to explain your reasons. Whatever
your attitude, it isn't right or wrong - but it does need to be made
clear.
For the third point, try to think in different ways. Health may be the
obvious aspect to mention, but there are all sorts of other aspects
too, from discipline, to psychology.
Write your letter in a friendly, informal way to your penfrien d.
Speaking
Situational role-play
1S I Me you more interested in playing or watching/watc h ing or
playing spo rts?
Note th e wo rd order 'are yo u' for questions, a nd 'i nterested' + 'in'.
2 Why do you fin d that more interesting?
'Do' is used to make t he question form, a nd ' that' is a pro noun,
used to represent t he t h ing the ot her pe rson just satd. 'More' is
part of a compa rative adjective.
3 00 you currently watch or play/play or watch some kind of sport?
'Do ' is the auxiliary for the question form here. Notice the wo rd
order for the position of the adverb 'currently'.
4 What is it that you like about that sport?
This is a more focused way of asking, 'What do you like about
sport?'
5 How much time do you haw available for a new sport?
' Do' is used for the question fo rm, and notice how the question is
divided across ' much time' and 'available for' - 'for' always
follows 'available' in this kind of co ntex t.
16 I A and C ] AandC 5 Ba nd D
2 1\ and D 4 AandC 6 B and O
TIP: Rem emb er which ways of making suggestions we use with an
infinitive without 'to', and which with an -ing form .
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: There are fou r things you must do in this exam task, and they
are clearly listed for you.
For the d iscussion to be interesting a nd effective, you need to
develop the ideas. Askyour partner to give reasons, to explain why
he or she says what he or she says. In the same way, when you ge t to
the final part of the discussion, you must make sure that you give
your reasons for choosing to recommend the sports that you do.
Picture-based discussion
18 I She's wearing a black ben, so she must be really ~.
Either you 'd ress ill clothes' or, more usually, you 'wear clothes'. A
girl might 'd ress' her do ll, and the nurse or doctor mig ht 'd ress'
your injury with a bandage. (A black belt in ma rtial arts is t he
symbol of a master.j We need the adjective 'good ' he re to refe r to
her martial skills.
2 All four o f t hem i l l about the same age.
Remember, in English we say 'be an age', not 'have a n age' like in
some other languages.
3 is co rrect.
4 You can see that t hey' re rea lly pleased 1Y.i.1b th emselves.
Correctly com pletes t he st ruct ure 'be pleased wit h
(someone/somet h ing)' - also works wit h many ot her adjectives of
feeling , for example, ' I'm very angry with hi m.' Don't confuse
this with 'be proud' + 'of.
5 is correct.
186 SMART ANSWER KEY
3 toget he r 5 better
2 soon 4 very 6 long
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about all five of the aspects that the exam task
specifies.
With two pictures and five things to consider, you have a useful
structure provided for you to talk about.
You should probably begin by describing the two photos in a fairly
straightforward way, while you collect your thoughts. Then you can
move on to the discussion side of the task.
You can express your own opinions, as long as you also show you are
aware that there are other ways of considering the subject. For
example, you cou ld say something like: 'Persona lly, I'm very happy
just to be playing spo rt. I'm not too worried about winning, or
losing. But I can see that these three girls look very ha ppy, and I think
that this may be becau se they have just won a race. So I g uess that
winning is really import ant for them .. .'
Higher level
Reading
1 The best answer is 2.
In the second paragraph , we read ' Ex perimen ts involving overweight
children ... showed that those who had to pedal when they wanted
to watch their favourite programmes .. . watched far less television '.
2 Possible answers;
2 Experiments involving overweight children aged between eight
and twelve showed that those who had to pedal when they
wanted to watch their favourite programmes not only watched far
less te levisio n, but also recorded impressive loss of fat. (pa ragrap h
2)
3 Hut there are other t hings we could do that are only lim ited by
our imagina tio ns . (the last line in parag raph 3)
4 Mr Alliso n once proposed t hat people shou ld be charged to travel
in lifts in an effort to encou rage th em to use t he sta irs. (th e first
sentence in paragraph 4 )
5 Mr Allison ... said t hat 13% of Ame rican children were co ns idere d
serious ly over w eight. (second sen tence in pa ragraph 4)
6 Ch ildren who had the 'couch potato 'IV sets' watched on ave rage
one hour of television a week w hile children in a second 'cont rol'
grou p watc hed more than twenty hours. (last sentence in t he
article)
TIP: Notice that the order of true /false statements follows the order
of information in the article.
3 READING EXAM
I T 2 F 3 F -I T 5 F 6 F
NOTE: Compare the information found in exercise 2 with the
statements to dec ide if they are true or false.
Listening
4 Your o w n ideas.
5 1 a 2e 3 b-ld 5 c
TIP: Make sure the sentence halves match logically as well as
gramma tically.
6 B a nd D.
The lan guage used in th e other sentences is stronger than in these
two . B, in particular, is quite gentle - 'I think you could' . However,
don't forge t that the effect of what someone says can be as much
from the way they speak as from the actual words they use .
7 LISTENING EXAM
I clothes
We hear ' making sure you 're wearing the proper clothes. You need
them to protect you .. .'
2 altitude
We're told to 'build up the right attitude.' This is explained to us:
' If you don't expect to win , don 't be lieve you 're going to , then
you won't.' 'Ve must put a noun in the gap, so we can't write
'be lieve', fo r example.
J ambition
We 'need ambition ' to deve lop pe rformance - 'to get better and
stro nger an d faster.'
4 relax
Because 'tension can be a real enemy,' we must learn how to -
' make sure yo u know how to' - 'relax' when not training - ' in the
time when yo u're not on your bike.'
 5 eat
The trainer says, ' Yo u must cut properly, all th e right foods and
no ne of the wrong foods.' If not , o ur perf o rmance will decrease -
'wit ho ut t he righ t stuff go ing in , yo ur body won 't give o f its best .'
6 healthy
We shou ld stay - ' keep' - healthy.
~ 20 TRANSCRIPT
Cycling trainer
Good eve ning everyon e. Now, we'll be going thro ugh to th e gym in a
m inute, but I'll just say a few wo rds about training and race prepar ation
first. There are many factors to cons ider. The first thing of all is your
ma chin e. Choos ing th e righ t bike for you is where it all kicks off from . But
no less import ant than that is making sure you' re wearing th e pro per
clothes. You need them to protect you from th e elements and also in the
event of falling off your bike. OK, but it's no t all visible things tha t co unt.
You ca n have the best bike in the world, but you wo n't win anyt hing
un less yo u build up the right attit ude. If yo u do n't expect to win, do n' t
believe you 're going to, then yo u wo n't. And an integ ral part of this is
wa nting to get bett er - you need a mbition if yo u' re going to get bett er
and stronge r an d faster. And you also need a bit of intelligence to go with
it. 50 ed ucate yourself, lea rn abo ut th e tec hnical side of racing - study a
bit of physics, check the det ails of the race co urse, wha t gear to use
where, and so on. Right, well, the rest of my advice conce rns what you
do off the bike - which is very important too. Tension can be a real
enemy. Make sure you know how to re lax in the time when you' re not on
you r bike. Then you re-ch arge your batteries. Stressed out riders do n't win
- they just ge t to the doctors quicke r! Related to this is diet. You m ust eat
properly, all the right foods an d none of the wrong foods. Without the
right stuff going in, your body won't give off its best. Your body is as Writing
much of a machine as you r bike, so look after it. Don't smoke, drin k, stay
up lat e - always keep healthy. Well, those are th e basics. l et's go throu gh Writing an argumentative essay
now and the n you ca n see what 12 Your ow n ideas.
13 Possible an swers:
Use of English
8 harmful
We need an adj ect ive aft er th e adv erb .
2 facilitate
We need a verb here. The 'to' is part o f t he infi n it ive, not a
preposi t ion .
3 ide n tify
We co uld use either wor d after ' help' but we wo u ld need 'of after
the no un ' iden tification', a nd the defi n ite a rticle 'the' befo re il.
-t important, an unnecessary
The first .....ord m ust be an adject ive to co m plete t he statement.
For the second word, you must co nsi der .....hat the statement
means: an 'int rusion' is a negative t hing. something that affects 14 WRITING EXAM
people's lives in a way they don't want.
.5 decided, prest ige
The first word must be t he th ird form of the verb to complete a
passtve sentence. Th e mea ni ng o f 'decisive' is 'very important fo r
the fin al resu lt' , which doesn't suit the con tex t. Th e seco nd word
is a noun beca use it co mes after t he article 'the'.
6 disagree
Both a re poss ible grammattcally, but th e statem en t o n ly m a kes
Sl' IlSC if yOll use th e negat ive verb.
9/10 Posstble answers:
ve rbs n ouns adj ectives adv erbs
11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I use
We need a nou n aft er ' the'.
2 necessita tes
The long clause be fore t he verb is the subject 'The use .,. of
subs ta nces ... considered as do p ing', a nd 'disciplinary act ion' is
t he sub ject. The m eaning is: ' Doping ma kes it necessary to take
disciplinary action', in other words 'to punish' people for doping.
3 refusal
We need a no un after 't he',
-t offences
You haw to think about the mea n ing he re. What you 'repeat' are
th e unacceptable actio ns , in other wo rds 'offences '. You' li need to
use th e pl ural fo rm , as we' re referring to repe ated occas ions.
.5 d isq ualificatio n
We know it must be a noun because it follows the lnd cfl nltc
a rticle 'a' . The co n te xt makes it cle ar th e word refe rs to ti ll'
pun ish m en t t hat peopl e who use doping rece ive.
6 insufficien t
You ne ed to read the who le paragra ph to make sure we ne ed a
neganve adje ct ive here. Th e text sugges ts th e problem is even
mort' co mplex th an it first ap pea rs,
7 co m pet itors
The mea n ing is important here. The sentence tal ks about people
wa n ting to ac hieve more than the people t hey a rc compet ing
aga inst, mor e than thei r 'co mpetitors'.
8 spectacular
We need an adjective to tell us what kind of 'results',
Definition uf sport :
or gani sed physica l acti vit y in co m pet itio n
Ad vanta ges of spurt:
helps you concentrat e on study ing
encou rages team buil di ng
keeps you fit
makes people feel proud
Disa d va ntages of spo rt:
too com petit ive
makes people who don't like it feel excluded
crea tes conflict
And your ow n ideas.
TIPS: You must ca refully construct a clear and log ica l argument for
this exam task. The content is up to you - the ide as need to be your
ow n.
You need to give your essay a strong structure, so that the reader can
easily follow what you wan t to say.
Use facts, and then build arg uments up . For e xam ple, describe the
situation regard ing Physical Education in yo ur scho ol. Say how much
there is, and wha t you do. Then say whether it is useful o r not a nd
why. Say what it's like for peopl e wh o are n' t good at it. Say, moving
on, what could happen if yo u did n't a ll do it. Say how these ot he r
th ings wou ld and wo uldn't be useful fo r individ ua ls and the school.
Use an appropriate fo rmal style throughout your essay.

"'C useful usefully

dtsusc "'"
usage useless uselessly Speaking
user " 'Od 15 I nervou s 4 m depe ndent
disuse disuse d
2 feeling S sec ta!
necessitate necessity nffessary neccssarny 3 motivated
u nnecessary u nnccessarfly
TIP: Make sure the words fit the sentences logically as well as
refuse refusa l grammatically,
offend offence offe nsive of fensively
16 To be l!!mill l don't really enjoy looking at these Images! S'X)rt isn't
offender
something t hat interests me much . I mean, of co urse I can see that
qualify qual ification qualifying lots of peo ple like it. Some people are co mpletely obsessed ~ it -
d isqualify q ualifi er d isqualifying m y brother, for example. I think t he problem for me is that I was
q uality bad at spo rt when I started school, and t he sp o rts teac her ma de it
d isq ua lificatio n ve ry skar that thi s was tru e! So we never really had a close
suffice (su fficiency) sufficien t sufficie nt ly conversa tio n lihfI~ the o ne he re. because I was never in t he
(ins ufficiency) insufficien t in suffici entl y team, Spor t always mak es m e fee l left Q.1J.1 of t hi ngs, not a') good as
o the r people.
co m pete co m pe tit ion competit ive compcttttvely
co m petitor
competit iveness
inco m pe tence
(spcctate) spectacle spectacu lar spectacularly
spectator

SMART ANSWER KEY 187

17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : You must discuss fully the co mparisons and co ntrasts tha t the
exam task requires of yo u here.
You need to spec ulate qui te a lot so th at you can respond to th e task.
Say wh at yo u imagine the different people m ight be talking about, o r
what they m ight be feetinq.
Bring in your own relevant experiences. It doesn't matte r whether
your experiences a re positive or negativ e - you (an use them here.
Debate
18 Possible answers:
for : risk, adrena line rus h, cha lle ngi ng yo ur body. doing so mcthtng
di ffe re n t. you nee d relia ble equipmen t, danger is exc tung. se nse of
ach ieve m e nt, fun
Aga in st: risk, yo u need relia ble eq uip me n t, accid ents
And yo ur ow n ideas.
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: In t his task type, yo u often find a state ment that ta kes a n
extreme view point, so it's easier for yo u to take sides for or aga inst it.
First of a ll, de cide if you ag ree or disagre e.
Use the ideas generated by exercise ' 8 to start pla nn ing your
arguments.
l oo k at the Speaking Ban k on page 128, so you can use a ra nge of
different phrases to respon d to your pa rtner's argu me nts.
Success in this task is measu red by how well you com munic ated your
own ideas, and how well you respo nded to your partner's ideas - not
by who persuaded whom in the end.
J d ifferent
In H, th e t h ing that you 'prefer' is the t hing that you thin k is
better o r m o re interesting.
-4 different
If you 'wonder', you really don't know, but if you 'e xpect '
something to happen you believe that it will happen.
7 LISTENING EXAM
I F
Anna says that it wasn't her ' kind of film' - so she wasn't look ing
fo rward to it. She ha d a nice time. though: ' However. it turned
out pretty well'.
2 T
\Iaria says: 'I' d forgo tten to eat before we went, so I kept wanting
it to e nd, so I co u ld go an d get so me t hing to ea t.'
3 T
Davld says: ' it's t rue it was lo ng, but th at 's beca use rtn ecdcd to
he, J th in k. It's a co m plicated sto ry.'
4 F
Th e imp ortant thing here is to be clea r about exactly wha t Marla
t ho ug ht was interesting. Foll o win g o n fro m David, she says t hat
th e story being co mplicated 'doesn't m ake it a good o ne.' But she
did like 't he sett ing o f t he film' - t his 'kept you involved'.
Ho wever, that's di fferen t fro m t he story; in fact, she says the film
was in terestin g 'in spite of the sto ry.'
5 T
She's read the book and she's seen the film. and she says, 'the
book re ma ins the more Interesting version.'
6 F
The im portan t t h ing he re is what he decides in the end. He does

10 Free time and culture t hink about the DVD as a present for h is sister: 'I wo ndered about
the DV ) for my sister's bi rt hday, wh ich is co m ing up soon.'
However. th ere's a pro ble m: 'She doesn't like the small scree n, "00
Reading I'm going to buy he r a couple of tickets inst ead .'

1 Poss ible answers:

1 Newsp ape rs have existed in Britain for 300 yea rs, but tabloid s are . . 21 TRANSCRIPT
twice as popu lar as 'q uality' newspaper s. Marla
2 Tab lo ids a re c haracter ised by t he typ e of news t hey feat ure - very So, Anna, what did you think of the film?
o ften focusin g o n celebrities. Anna
3 Th ere ar e many qu estionable aspect s of ta bloid journalism. Well, Marta, wh en David sugges ted go ing ...
4 Gossip is po pu la r, an d the m ain aim o f tab loids is to e nter ta in, Davld
not to in form. Oh I see, blam e me, is it?
2 The best answe r is b. Anna
This is t he only sentence that co nnects t he sen te nce befo re a nd the Oh no, [ agree d to co me, although, ge nerally speaking, it's just not my
one after the gap. kind of film, you know, historical. However, it turned out pretty well, as far
as I'm co ncerned.
3 READING EXAM Davld
1 F That's a relief, then. What about you, Maria?
The 'new newspaper' that everyone could buy mentioned in this Marla
sentence is contrasted wit h ea rlie r newspapers that 'only a tiny Not bad, I guess. Actually, you know, I'd forgotten to eat before we went,
m in ori ty" read in me previous sentence. so I kept wanting it to end, so I could go and get something to eat - very
2 C silly. It sto pped me concentrating properly - the film seemed to go on too
Th e sente nce goes on to explain wh at 'stze and format' long.
characte rise tabloids. Ann a
3 B And you, David?
The sente nce gives an exa m ple of w ha t 'ce rta in kinds' of news Davld
yo u find in a tabloid. Well, it's true it was long, but tha t's bec ause it needed to be, I th ink. It's a
4 H complicated story.
'The m' a nd ' t he ir' here refe r to th e 'cele brit ies' m entio ned befor e Marla
the ga p. Hrn, wh ich doesn 't make it a good o ne, I'm afraid. But the setting of the
S G film, and the changes between locatio ns we re a ll good, and kept you
The sen tence mentions ' these acc usa tio ns' whic h refers to th e involved - actually, in spite of the story, if you see wh at I mea n.
things th at ta bloids we re accused of, me nti oned before t he gap. Anna
6 A Maybe you sho uld do what I did then ...
We read after the gap about 'a co nsequence of this attitu de', Davld
referring to the tab loids' view 'that the public has the righ t to Which is... ?
kno w anythmg and everything, but celebrities ha ve no righ ts to Anna
privacy at all' . Read the book. I read it I suppose a year ago a nd loved it. That was the
7 n other thing that made me want to go. But the book is still the more
'Maybe the reason' begins the answer to the question before the interesting version. So, do try it, Maria.
gap: 'Why ... does Britain ... co nsu me tabloids like chocolate?' Marta
OK, maybe I will.
Listening Da vld
I don 't know about the book, though I wondered about the DVD for my
4 I t he 6 an yt hing/ som eth ing sister's birthd ay, which is coming up soon. But she doesn't like the small
2 DC 7 by screen, so I'm going to buy her a co uple of tickets instea d.
:l 10 8 th e Marla
4 w it h 9 ot her/ma ny She sho uld like tha t.
5 abo ut 10 havc/usc/tnduuc Anna
5 Your o wn ideas. Yeah .
6 sa me Da vld
'Turn o ut' means 'become'. Now, what about seeing if...
2 same
If you're 'hungry', it's because you 'want something to eat'.

188 SMART ANSWER KEY

Use of English
8 Romantic fa n tasy.
You fi nd t he information i n line 2.
2 The ma in ac tors are Nicolas Cage a nd Meg Rya n .
You fin d t he inform atio n in lin es 3 to S.
3 Escorting th e spi rits of th e d ying to Heaven an d he lping the
living co pe with t he ir dai ly pro blems.
You fi nd this info rmation in lin es 7 to 9.
-t Set h fa lls in lo ve with Maggfe .
You fin d the in for m ati on in lin es 10 and 11.
5 He must c hoose between his immortality a nd becom ing hu ma n .
You find the informa tion in lin es 11 to 13.
6 HI.' th inks t he dialogues are simplistic.
You find the informa tio n in lin es 15 a nd 16.
7 Each close-up i.. very meaningful r'steeped in meanin g' ) and will
evoke deep emotions in every sensitive viewer,
You find out what the reviewer thinks about t he photography in
the last four lines of the t h ird paragraph.
8 To a nyone who likes wa tching good and e ngrossing films.
You find the in formation in lin es 23 a nd 2-1.
NOTE: Notice that the inform ation is given in the review in th e same
orde r as the q uestio ns.
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I I
Actors 'play' their rol es. We o n ly use 'perform' whe n talk ing
about a speciftc perfo rma nce in a t heatre: 'Sir la n Mck etlen ofte n
performs on stage'.
2 E
Whe n we use 'a long' befor e 'wi t h, it means ' toget he r wit h ' - it
doesn't refer to mo vem ent or space (like in 'w e wa lked along th e
river ').
3 (J
Wh en yOll mu st choose be tween two possibilities, you can talk
about them using th e st ructure 'either (somethi ng) or (something
else )'. Th is is mo re emphatic t han simply using 'o r' between th e
two things.
4 F
We oft en use 'what I like/liked about (so met h ing) is/was' to make
a stro nger sta tem e nt about a pa rt icular aspect of o ur experience
than just say ing ' I liked (som et hing)'.
5 H
'Although' in trod uces a contrast bet ween so me t h ing the reviewe r
didn 't like, 't he d ialogu es' a nd so me t hing he liked a lot , 't he
e mot io ns see n in th e act ors' faces' .
6 C
Til t, ph rase is used to in troduce ad di tional informati on that
fur t her su ppor ts a sta tement.
7 D
We- need an adje-ctive befo re th e nou n, 'w ha t kin d of' or 'w h ich'
'sce nes ',
8 A
Referring back to 'good a nd e ngrossing films' in the previous
se nte nce.
Writing
Writing an email
10 There's i! wonderfu l statue in City Par k, w hich is on ly i! few m inut es'
wa lk fro m where I live. It's absolutely fascinatin g. It's tu: Geo rge Frtn.
a loca l sculptor. It ~ Hen ry Moore m ade it. I don 't know ve ry
m uch about it , except tha t it ~ pu t in the park when I was sti ll in
a pushchair. These da ys, I love gQing/12..gQ th ere with m y book, an d
the n I ill next to it a nd read and look up at it an d sm ile.
11 l aid, o lder, th e oldest
2 im portant , mor e im portant, th e most important
3 frequentl y visited, m or e frequentl y visited , th e most freq uently
visited
4 we ll known, bet ter kn o wn , t he best kn own
S bea utifu l, m or e beau t iful, th e m ost beaut iful
6 po pul ar, mor e po pul a r, th e most popular
7 a rch ttec turalty stgn tftca nt, more architecturally significant , th e
most arc h itectu ra lly significa nt
8 photogra phed, m or e ph otographed. the m os t photographed,
9 writt en about, m or e written abou t, the most written about
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must answer the que stions that your penfriend asks yo u. If
you don't, yo u' ll lose ma rks.
Remember the purpose your penfriend has in asking these qu estions
- to find out about the best loved wo rk of art . If you do n't write
about this subject. yo u won' t be he lping.
Don't wo rry if you feel yo u don 't know very m uch . Your pen friend
asks, ' How much do yo u know abo ut its history?' You can say that
you don 't know much.
You o nly have about 50 wor ds. Do n't write any less tha n 40 o r mo re
th an 60, and try hard to write between 45 and 55. (You can lose
points for writing too much!)
Remember you also need to open a nd close your em ail to your
penfriend, so make sure you can fit everyth ing you want to say into
th is rat her sho rt space.
Writing an informal letter
13 1 It was really good to hear fro m you.
Th is is a useful opening sentence for info rm a l letters.
2 I a lways e n joy hearing you r news.
Yo u can use th is structu re in other situations too - for exa m ple. ' I
always love going to th e beach.'
3 I'm glad we've ma naged to stay in to uch fo r so lo ng.
No tice the use of the Presen t Perfect ten se, a nd t he expressio n to
'stay in to uch (wit h so meone)'.
4 Thank yo u very m uc h for th e enclosed photos.
You ca n also use th e struct ure in d ifferent ways - than kin g
someone for th e money they sent or t he prese nt they enclosed.
S Sorry I didn 't reply soone r but I've bee n so bu sy,
Th is is a usefu l way of a po logising fo r be ing late in writing.
14 I'd better sto p and get back to m y hom ewor k.
No te th e st ruct ure 'had bett er' + verb': and th e ph rasal verb 'ge t
back to ' , meaning ' return to' .
2 Please writ e aga in soon.
No te th e correct position 'aga in' an d 'soo n'.
J I hope yo u ca n com e and visit me one da y.
Note th e position of 'one da y'.
4 Please give m y regards to yo ur parents.
Th is is a polite way of sending a gree t ing. Prom friend s to friends ,
yo u m ight say, ' Please give (Ad ria n) my lov e.'
S Looking fo rward to seeing yo u lat er in the su mmer.
Not e th e position of ' later in th e sum me r'.
1S I f 2 a 3 e 4 b/cl g S clglb 6 g/c/b 7 d
4, S a nd 6 a ll re late to ' what yo u liked abo ut it'.
16 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: There are five thing s listed which you mu st include in this
informa l review of a performance.
You can write about them in any o rde r you choose.
Don't forge t to include a suitable opening and closing for your letter.
The last two po ints in the list give the o ppo rtun ity to show some
interesting vocabulary a nd a good range of structu res.
Try to includ e sente nces like, 'Wha t I found really impressive about
the pe rformance was (the way tha t the musicians see med to play as
o ne)' or ' I have to say tha t I was a litt le disappointed by (the lack of
atmosphere at the co ncert)'.
Speaking
Situational role- play
17 OK, we need to d iscuss these. Where shall we start?
We co uld say first the o nes we think we should definitely not
c hoose.
Yes, th a t see ms a good way to do it.
Well, th en I'd say the tenn is a nd th e game!> aren't any good.
Oh, why's that?
They're not spec ial, I m ea n, th ey'r e not typical of our town, a re
they?
You mea n beca use you can play te n n is a ny whe re?
Yes, I do, exact ly th at .
And I agr ee wit h yo u,
NOTE: See th e note after th e Key to exercise ' 8.
18 Now, the first o ne which we sho u ld dcfln ltely orga n ise is the
guided tour.
Do you t hink they'll find it in teresting?
Yes, because th ey'Jl learn abo ut o ur histor y.
But the y cou ld learn about th at in th e mu seum .
Well, t hey wouldn't be ab le to en joy fresh a ir a t t he sa me tim e,
would th ey?
Or th e lovely rain .
Don 't be pessimistic. Anyw ay, w hat e lse?
Th ey'll be hungry aft er all that wa lking, so the resta ura nt.
Tha t' s good id ea - w it h loca l specia lities.
SMART ANSWER KEY 189
 TIP: Notice how in both exe rcises 1 7 and 18 the sentences always
have something that refers back the sentence they are respondi ng to.
First loo k through the lists, looking for these clues. When you've
co mpleted the task, read through the dialogue s aga in to check they
make sense.
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk abou t all the seve n things that are listed in the
exam task. You must also choo se three as the events to organise.
It's important to get the balance right here . You don 't wa nt to rush
through everything, and fail to show that you can spea k in a complex
way. On the othe r hand, you don 't want to discuss the first few
things in too m uch detai l, and then run out of time.
As a minimum , you need to think of one positive th ing and one
negative th ing to say about each item on the list.
You should also react to wha t your part ner says.
PictureMbased discussion
20 I [think th e girl en joys being by lllliclf.
2 It looks like (4+ftH.) she's really interested in her book.
3 She's sitti ng outside, and she's wear ing i! 'l-sh lrt. so it's probably
in th e sum mer.
-I Thi s is probably a gro up o f friends, or coll eagu es perhaps, .lli!..tln&
a meal toge the r.
5 Somebody just told a joke, I t hin k, beca use th ey're all lau gh ing.
6 I can't see exac tly w hat's on the ir plates, bu t it 's probabl y qu ite
t>m:.
we use 't aste' to talk about food as well as more a bst ract things. A
picture, or sto ry can be 'tasteful', or t he way yo u dress - but th e
food is usually 'tas ty '.
7 Persona lly, I find th e restauran t photo more ~, becau se
they're clea rly having fun .
21 1 depends -I gets 6 ne ed
2 like 5 cha nge 7 go
j take
TIP: Make sure the words fit the ga ps logically as well as
grammatically.
22 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : There are really three stages to this task, and you must talk
about all three of them.
Firstly, you need to describe the pictures. Try to see them in relation
to each other, rat her than as sepa rate independent things .
Secondly, you need to express you r opinion about which on e is more
appealing to you.
Thirdly, you need to exp lain something about you r own ways of
spe nding you r free time.
Use you r imag inat ion. Speculate as much as you can: Why are these
peo ple ther e? What were they do ing before? How long will this scene
last?
Find appr opriate phrases for specu lating in the Speaking Bank on
page 128 .
Higher level
Reading
112 I f
Sentence ( gives detail s abo ut h is family: ' his fath e r' and ' h is
mot he r' and w hat th ey did for a nvtng .
2 "
First he was a n apprentice, th en he ' became a professional
engraver hi mself'. The reflexi ve pron ou n ' h imse lf' o n ly makes
sense if 'engraver' is men tioned in t he previous sentence.
3 Well, I try to make the most of my wee kends, espec ially in the summer,
'The ins titution ' that sentence e refers to is th e Royal Academy.
c seeing films or conc e rts, but it's important to me to keep fit, so I always
'These skills' refers to reading an d writing me nt ioned in -I.
S d
Th e phrase 'his \...o rsent ng co nd itio n' refers to t he illness
mentioned in 5.
6 b
' It' can only refer to th e Brake Prize in 6, as we learn it is 'a warded
annually' .
3 READING EXAM
I F
There is a con tra st between how Hlakc 'is today rega rded ' a nd the
fact that 'd ur ing his lifeti me h e was largely ignored '.
2 11
The sentence afte r t he ga p goes on to descr ibe how make's
'vision ary powe rs t ransformed' the city in his imagination.
Gra mmatically, D m ight be possi ble, but it does n't lin k in with
the description that follows.
190 SMART A NSW ER KEY
3 A
None of the othe r phrases fit th e conte xt. The sen te nce co nt rasts
th e way 'modern psych iat ry would consid er' hi s vision s with how
're al' they were to Slake h im self.
lJ
Blake 'often lived near to poverty' because his 'eccen tric
rep utatio n ... did little to help to co mmercial success'.
S G
The sente nce compa res how make's work was received in his tim e
t'b e was ofte n out of ste p with h is time') with how his abili ty was
rega rded t'few ... do ub ted his technical abili ty' ).
6 E
'W hic h' refers back to the two bo oks mention ed before th e gap.
Listening
4 do ing
we use all -ing form after 'e n joy'.
2 [ust
Meaning 'simply'.
:i o ut
The tw o ph rasal ve rbs with oppos ite me anings arc 'st ay in' a nd
'go out'.
-I with
Co m pletes the phrase 'spend tim e with (somebody)'.
5 befo re
Co m pletes the phrase 'a lo ng t ime before'.
6 of
We o ften use 'of' to say w hat kin d of 'exam ples' we're talking
about.
5 You r ow n ideas.
6 You r ow n ideas.
7 You r own ideas.
8 LISTENING EXAM
I E
The speake r says that ' the re's always a good cho ice I'of spo rt'[ on
TV, isn 't there? '
2 11
The speaker says th at ' it's import ant to me to keep fit, ...0 [ always
do plent y o f runn ing . a nd ... tenn is or swim ming.'
3 r
This speaker says, 'most of t he ti me " m complet ely tir ed ' a nd so ' I
end up stay ing in, be ing ver y lazy, may be just watc h ing a bit o f
TV, a film on DVD, so met h ing like that.'
A
The speaker says that, ' I just wait to sec wh at my friends suggest. I
just want to be with them, do ing whatever.'
S lJ
This spea ker says 'I ten d to be mo re act ive in th e winter, act ua lly.'
TIP: As well as unde rstan drnq why the correct answer is the correct
answer in each case, you sho uld also make sure you understa nd why
the incorrect answer s a re inco rrect. Do this by reading carefully
through the transcript of the recording below and co mpa ring the
information to the statement s in the task.
' " 22 TRANSCRIPT
Speaker 1
Weekends ? They' re great. In fact, I spend all week waiting for the
weekend. Having said that, on ce it's arrived , I don 't nece sseruy do
anything particularly special with it. I might see a friend or two, especially
if there's some sport to watc h, then we can watch a mat ch tog ether -
there's always a good choice on TV, isn't the re?
Speaker 2
when you've go t mo re chance to ge t outside. I know some people like
do plenty of running, an d, say, tennis or swimming. There are usually
some friend s around to join in.
Speaker 3
The truth is, I really look forward to the weeken d, and then when it finally
a rrives, most of the t ime I'm completely exhausted. So the n when all my
friend s start calling up , 'where are we going tonight' a nd so on, I end up
staying in, being very lazy, maybe just watc hing a bit of TV; a film on
DVD, som ething like that.
Speaker 4
School's OK, it really is. I don 't mind it at all. But the weekend s are of
cour se much bett er, aren 't they? You can do what you wan t. I never have
an opinion about what we do. I'm not that into films or anything - I just
wait to see what my friends suggest. I just wa nt to be with the m, do ing
whatever.
 13 WRITING EXAM (OPTION 1): A BOOK REVIEW
Speaker 5
I' m studying so hard a t the moment fo r my exams that I can't go wild at TIPS: You m ust follow the instructions in the exam task. If you don 't,
the weekends. But I like hangi ng aro und the park with my friends you will lose marks.
sometimes, or maybe going for a bike ride by myself. It de pends. I tend Be careful tha t yo u don 't spend too much of the review on the
to be more act ive in the winter, act ually - going to the gym, or helping second point, the ' brief outline'. You shou ld say enough for the
my dad with stuff in the house . reader of your review to get some idea of the content, but do n't try
to re-tell the story.
The third and fourth points are opportunities for yo u to show some
Use of English of the co mple x English you know, in terms of voc abulary and
grammar.
9 I b It's very im porta nt that you give re aso ns, and give th em clearly.
We' re tal kin g ab out a person, so we need 'who' to introduce th e The final point co uld be a certain kind of per son , or peopl e with a
non-de finin g re lative clause. ce rtain inter est, or it migh t be people on holiday, fo r e xa mple, w ho
2 a have lots of time to enjoy readi ng a long book .
' Free of charge' m eans the re is no ad m issio n fee, yo u don't have
to pay to go in th e Museum . Writing a literary essay
3 c 14 I b 2 g 3 d 4 h 5 f 6 e 7 a 8 c
We need Pa st Perfect to say w hat ha d h appe ned before another
eve n t in t he pa st: 'w he n he decided 10 sell th em '. TIP: These are all key wo rds for a literary essay, so it's worth learni ng
4 , them.
Comple tes th e st ruc ture ' m ake (so m eth ing)' + adj ect ive. 1 S WRITING EXAM (OPTION 2): A LITERARY ESSAY
S " TIPS: Decide o n a book that you know and remember welt because
We normall y use 'fo r' a fter 'reason'.
you have to recall quite a lot of key detail s accurately.
10 Possible answers: Plan your writing first. Make brief notes on each of the points in the
1 A la rge colle ct ion of Greek scu lptu res.
instruct ions. Choose one or two of the mo st impo rta nt thing s lo r
2 In th e Duveen Galle ry, in th e Briti sh Museum.
each point that yo u would like to focus o n.
JFrom th e Parth en on in Athens. (A few piec es come fro m other
Expand your notes into paragraphs. Don 't forge t to make it clea r in
temples on th e Acro po lis.)
the opening sentence of a pa rag raph what yo u' re go ing to discuss.
4 They were made be tween 447 an d 432 BC.
When you 're mo ving on a new idea, start a new paragraph - don't
5 l.ord Elgin, t he Briti sh Am bassado r to Greece. try to make too many po ints at t he same time .
6 The Gree ks. After yo u have finished, check that yo u have w ritte n between 200
NO TE: So me of the information appears in both exerc ise 9 and the and 250 words . Check that you have discu ssed all five of the point s
travel gui de extrac t, some only appear in one of these. from the instru ctions . Check for any spelling o r grammar mistake s,
to o.
11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I with Speaking
Completes t he phrase ' be fam iliar with (so me t h ing)' mea ning
' kno w (so me t h ing) well'. Picture-based discussion
2 o ne
Th e re a re o t her key ex h ibits in th e Mu seum, and th e Elgin 16 Your ow n idea s.
Marb les are one of th ese. 17 C 2 A 3 j: 4 G 5 E 6 D 7 B
3 on
TIP : Make sure the sentence halves ma tch logically as well as
The ph rase 'o n show' m ean s 't hat ar e sho wn/ t hat ca n be seen' .
g rammatica lly.
4 come/o riginat e
Th e se nte nce tells us about th e o rigins o f th e Marbl es, using 1B SPEAKING EXAM
'co me from '. 'O rigina te from ' is mo re formal. TIP: You must ta lk about the three que stions that the exam task
5 reason includes.
' For th at reason ' me ans 'b eca use o f that'.
Remember that the re aren' t really rig ht and wrong an swers here. If
6 10
you do n't understa nd the stati stics in the graphs a nd say things that
We normall y use 'to' after ' refe r'. are factua lly wrong, the examiner won't mind. The exam is a
7 be
language exam.
Co mp letes t he ph ra se ' co ns idered to be' . It's probably a good approac h to treat th e g raph s as if th ey were
S when
pictur e s. Describe what you can see as you look at them - don 't sit
The sente nce talks abo u t t he t im e th e Ma rb les were made.
for a lo ng time in silence, trying to understand all the numbe rs
9 been
before yo u start speaking . The examin er cannot give yo u marks for
Co mp letes th e Past Perfect pa ssive sen tence.
being silent.
10 co nsists
Notice th at the three qu estion s are all ab out yo ur o pinio ns - the
Co m pletes th e phrase 'co ns ist of' . We need a third per son singular
answers to these ques tion s aren't to be found in t he numbers, but in
fo rm after ' the coll ecti on' .
yo ur ideas .
You can also be open about wha t yo u don't know. For example, you
Writing can say, 'I have to say that I've ne ver really tho ug ht ab out exactly
how much time I spe nd on things like this before. So I don't know if I
OPTIONS spend this average am oun t of 30% of my free tim e sleeping . But to
III this unit. rOll ClIII choose to write Cl book re\'iew or a literary essay. Read be ho nest, I'm sure I go ou t mor e th an 10% of the time .'
th rough tile two exam ta sks 011 pages 104 and 105, and decide which 0111' you
would like to COlleel/trate 01 1.

Writing a book review 11 Travel

12 I set
2 price Reading
3 twist
4 descripti on
1 The co rrect e nd ing is a.
S interruption 2 1 natu re reserves
2 resorts
3 tour o pe rat or
4 tour guides
5 o ff-t he -beaten -track holiday
6 domesti c tourism
7 beac h ho liday (o r, possib ly, sun-and-se a to urism)
8 cru ises

SMART ANSWER KEY 191

 3 t'osstble answer'):
A 'Back in the 19S0s and early 1990s .. Africans ... bui lt big concrete ~ 23 TRANSCRIPT
hotels on the beaches of ... overcrowded reso rts that t hat were
Paula
trying to look like the xtenterranean.'
Hi Meg!
B 'Tour ists ... expecting to enjoy the comforts of home ... packed
into overcrowded resorts.' Me.
Pauta! It's great to see you! You look fantastic!
C 'Tod ay's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels for more
Paula
authentic experiences ... offered by ... the Xhosa themselves,
Oh, do I? That's strange. I should be looking awful.
through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures.'
D "I h e money they earn will provide Xhosa tour guides with an
Me.
Why? Have you been ill?
income two and a half times the average local wage.'
Paula
E ' Despite difficulties, internationa l and domestic tourism is
No. not that. It's just that trip to Paris. It was a nightmare!
expected to grow fast over the next t\VO decades.'
F ... the number of Asian, a nd par ticularly Chinese, tourists is Me.
Really? You must be joking ! Don't tell me you didn't have a good time.
pred icted to ex plode .'
When you told me you were going I was green with envy.
G ... su n-a nd -sea tourism still dominates.'
Paula
If ' Ame rica ns and Euro pea ns are now taking shorter hut more varied
No wond er, I was so excited I just couldn't wait to go. Now I wish we'd
tri ps, causi ng ti ll' ra pid dev elo pment of adven ture travel,
go ne to the Lake District or even just stayed at home.
ccoto u ns rn, cultu ral tours, spa ho lida ys, cruises an d spo rts
vacations in ever more distant places: Ch ina, the Matdtves. Me.
But what was so bad about it?
Botswa na ... l.ocal govern me nts an d firms are t rying ha rd to
Paula
sat isfy this new demand.'
Well, in the beginn ing everything looked all right. Mark's boss gave him
4 READING EXAM two weeks off witho ut too much trouble, the children went to stay with
AF BT C F () F E F F T G T If F Mark's mo ther, and Sheila - you know, my younger sister - promised to
come over to our place to feed the hamster. So we packed our suitcases
TIP: Compare the statements with the information gathered in
and set off.
exercise 2.
Meg
5 Possible answers: Sounds all right so far.
1 They realised that tourism might be a way out of poverty Paula
2 They were trying to look like the Mediterranean. Yes, but in Dover it turned out that the ferry terminal workers had gone
3 'rou nsts are trying more authentic experiences, and adventure on strike, and we had to wait over eight hours before we could board a
travel, ecotourtsm. cultural tours, spa holidays, cruises a nd sports ferry.
vacations are beco ming po pul a r. M eg
4 A global recession and the te rrorist att acks of 9/11. Oh no!
S A rise in globa l wealth, improving tra nsport technology, cheaper Paula
nigh ts and the use o f th e Intern et as a travel tool. And that was just the beg inning. During t he passage the weather turned
(j People will ta ke shorter, hut more varied t rips ins tead of a two - stormy, and I was te rribly sea-sick all the way across the Cha nnel.
wee k beac h h olida y. weste rn tou rists wi ll choose mor t' exot ic, Me.
ind ivid ualised experiences. Oh, poor you!
Paula
Listening Yeah, it was horrid. Then, when we arrived in Calais, it was so late that we
had to look for somewhere to spend the night.
6 1 Two women. They are friends . One of them is called I'aula. Meg
2 l'aula 's holiday in France. Oh dea r!
TIP: It's easier to understand the information in a recordinq if you Paula
know what to expect. so it's always a good idea to read through the Yes, but that's not all! On the way to Paris the next day we had a
instructions and the task quickly before the recordinq starts. puncture, so Mark had to change the tyre, the hotel where we'd booked
a room turned out to be terribly noisy, it was pouring with rain most 01
7 I Same. 4 Different. 6 Different . the time, and some of the galleries I wanted to visit were closed .
2 Same. S Different. 7 Same. Meg
3 Different. Oh no! So what did you do. then?
TIP: Think about what different ways you can use to express the Paula
same ideas. Well, I ended up shopping for clothes. That's about the only thing I can' t
compl ain about, but, obv iously, it wasn't cheap, so Mark go t furious.
8 LISTENING EXAM Meg
I c No surprise there!
We hear ' It's great to Sl'C yo u!' When Meg asks l'a ula: 'Have you Paula
been ill?', she rep lies 'No'. Befo re th is Meg also says : 'You look Hmmm, so in the e nd, we decided to shorten our stay a nd left after just
fan tastic!' - so bot h other a nswe rs are wron g. te n days. You can imagine our return trip - I was unh appy, Mark was mad
2 a at me because of the mo ney, and, when we got home, the flat was
Wc hear 'I was so excited, I just cou ld n't wait to go'. flooded.
3 b Meg
We hear 'Sheila ... promised to come over to our place to feed the Flooded?
hamster'. Paula
b Yes, we couldn't believe it! When we were away, Sheila let the hamster out
we hear ' the weather turned stormy, and I was terribly seasick all of the cage for a while, and the horrid creature bit through the fridge
the way across the Channel '. cable. Of course, she didn't even notice, but when we got back, there was
S c water all over the kitchen floor and all the food in the fridge had gone off.
We hear ' J ended up shopping for clothes. That's about the only Me.
thing I can 't complain ahout'. What a nightmare!
6 c
We hear 'we decided to shorten our stay and left afte r just ten
days '. when l'aula mentions that their Flat was flooded. she refers Use of English
to the fridge that had broken down, not 'a flood'. When we say 'a
9 I t\ guest and a receptionist. I\ t a hotel.
flood', we usually mean a natura l disaster, a river flood.
2 His roo m is noisy and he coul dn't sleep.
TIP: Read th rough the transcript below carefully to see why the 3 tt's on the top floor, and it's sma ll.
incorrect answers are wrong. All of t he things mentio ned in these 4 11\ che aper.
answers are in the recording, but what you hea r usually contradicts S A co m pli men ta ry mea l in their resta urant.
the statements about them.
TIP: Notice that the order of the ques tions follows the order of
information in the dialogue.

192 SM ART AN SW ER KEY

10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM 17 Your own ideas.
1 longer 18 B 2 A 3 C 4 F .s D 6 E
'Any lon ger' mean s 'a ny more'.
2 noi sier TIP: Make sure the sente nce halves match logicallyas well as
Wt.' need a com pa rative for m h ere before 't ha n'. gramma tically.
3 the wors t 19 SPEAKING EXAM
We need a su pe rlative form here. We often use th e supe rlative TIPS: You must follow the exam task requirements here and discuss
with phrases like ' in/of my (en t ire/who le) life' , or 'i n/of the everything that is specified - in othe r words, you need to talk
who le/ent ire wor ld'.
together abou t eac h holiday in the list, and discuss the issues.
4 qu ieter/qu iet
Everything you need to talk about is either provided - the
Th e co m parat ive form is better because it lin ks th e qu estion back
advertisemen ts - or sho uld come from your imagination - your ideas
to t he co mp laint t hat co mes before it. But 'qu iet' is not wro ng, and op inions.
either. A goo d ap proach is probably to work with your partner in a way that
5 mo re difficult
will gene rate as much conversation as possible.
We a need a comparative form here before 't ha n' .
For examp le, take the first holiday in the list. You could ope n the
6 practically game by saying some thing like, 'I'm not sure that this one would
We need an adverb here to say that t here 'a lmost no' roo ms left .
appeal to me . My idea of a good holiday is relaxing, doing as little as
7 smaller possible. But this one just sounds like a lot of hard work. Don't you
We need a compa rative here to co ntrast the new roo m with the
agree?' This should mea n that your partner can react, perhaps by
o ld one . Th e com pa rison contin ues in th e seco nd part of the saying, 'O h, but would n't you like to be a litt le adventurous? You
sentence. have all your life to spend sitting around being lazy, but on this
8 as comfortable
holiday you could have exper iences that are different? Wouldn't that
Co m pletes the st ructu re 'as ' + ad ject ive + 'as (someth ing)', whic h
be great?'
we use for comparing th ings.
9 better Picturebased discussion
We norma lly use a com para tive before 't ha n'.
20 1 Right. B
10 signi ficantly
2 Wrong. A
We need an adverb to say 'how mu ch ' lower the pr ice will be.
It's a n ewspap er, not a magazine.
11 Certai n ly
3 Right. B
This is a po lite way of saying yes, and has t he same mean ing as 4 Right. A
'Of course'.
5 Wrong. B
Both cyclists are look ing ahead.
Writing 6 High t. A
7 Wrong. C
Writing an argumentative essay There is a traffic jam on the near side of the road , the cars are
11 Your own ideas . travellin g freely on the other side.
S Wrong . B
12 Your own ideas.
The pe rson in the dark jacket is cycling outside the lane, ma rked
13 Man y peop le pre fer to drive to wor k, desp ite th e fact t ha t th ey by t he yellow line and t he symbol.
often spend a lon g lim e sitti ng in t raffic jams
2 Peop le spen d large sums of mon ey o n cars in orde r to have stat us
21 You r ow n ideas.
and privacy. 22 Your ow n ideas.
3 Green act ivists don 't understand that ma ny peo ple don 't belie ve 23 SPEAKING EXAM
how bad the env iron men ta l situat ion is.
TIPS: You must consider the issues that the exam task requires of you
4 Public trans por t is slow and uncomfortable, with the result that
he re.
peop le often prefer to use their cars.
You should probably spend the first couple of minutes desc ribing the
S Unless the govern ment takes acti on , t he trans po rt situa tion will
pictu res from the point of view of the two questions ..
get worse.
Talk abo ut what you see and how you feel about it.
14 I the 2 the 3 a 4 the 5 th e There are no right or wrong answers.
6 a 7 - S t he 9 a 10 a After you have talked abo ut the pictures here, you need to move
1S WRITING EXAM your discussion on to form s of transport which aren't pictured here,
so make sure you talk abo ut several, and think of good and bad
TIPS: You must presen t a series of dea r and logical argum ent s in things abou t them .
order to answe r th is exam task.
The re isn't a right or wrong answer. But there are satisfactory and
unsatisfactory ways of presenting you r ideas for this kind of exam
task. Higher level
You need to show awareness of both sides of the question, and then
you need to come to your conc lustonts). Reading
You need to provide examples of what you criticise or propose.
Althoug h the exam task doesn't specify it as a requirement , it would 1 t B 2 F 3 D 4E SA 6C
be a very goo d ide a here to conside r the past and the future as well 2 READING EXAM
as the present situation.
1 c
The exam task men tions cars, pu blic transpo rt, cycling an d walking. If
We read abo ut And rew's ' 7,OOO-m ile walk from the sout h of Italy'
you miss out any of these, you will lose marks.
in the first paragraph , an d in t he next paragraph he men tions
Youalso need to conside r carefully what is mean t by 'e ncouraged'.
tha t '1 m igh t never have left t hat pleasant Mediterran ean beach',
his sta rting point .
Speaking 2 a
we read 'The wildlife kept me on my toes'. Th e phrase 'kee p
Situational role-play someo ne on thei r toes ' means ' make sure that they are ready to
16 1 ,",Vha t's !.lll: last holi day you had ? deal with anyt hing unexpected', in ot her word s that they are
'The' is needed to specify or de fine wh ich holiday. Holiday is a 'alert and ready'.
countab le noun, so in the sing ular it will always need a n article o f 3 c
some sort. We read ' the temperatures reached the mid- th irties , and there was
2 Had you been *' t here before? little water'. Late r he also ment ions th at he was ' in great need of a
'To' isn't ne cessary - you wouldn 't say, ' How do I go to th ere?' shower'.
3 is co rrect. 4 c
4 What preparat ions did you make before kill'.ing/~? You find the correct answer to t h is question by finding the
The -il/X form always follows 'be fore', 'af te r', 'when ', etc. infor mation abo ut the other t hr ee answ ers t hat co nt rad icts each
Alterna tive ly, we need a subject and th e cor rect verb for m. o f t he m: 'Mosqu itoes and barking dogs kept me awa ke at nigh t',
5 Wh ere are you goi ng fo r yo m next holida y? 't he temp eratures reached t he mid-t hirties .. . I finished each da y
'Nex t' as an adj ective descr tbes t he holiday in terms of time, and bat hed in sweat', ' I was footsore and exhausted' .
th e possessive adject ive ' you r' must goes before th e two words
togeth er.

SMART ANSWER KEY 193

Listening Use of English
3 d 2 b 3 " 4 e 5 c 6 talk (someone ) into
4 d 2 c 3 c 4 b 5 a You fin d t he phrasal verb in th e first line of the second paragraph.
2 run down
NOTE: Notice that the task here is the opposite of exe rcise 3! You You find th is in line 6 of th e second paragraph .
need to find expressions that mea n the oppos ite. 3 pull up
5 LISTENING EXAM You find t h is in line 10 of th e seco nd paragraph.
4 h an d out
Possibl e answers:
1 go ing to Spain/go ing on holiday You find thi s in lin e 12 of th e second paragraph .
S fill up
2 sucked out/d raw n o u t
:\ lost cous ctous ncss/s ufte red several injur ies Yo u fin d thi s in line 17 of th e second paragraph .
6 get on
-4 able to fly/a pilot
Yo u find thi s in lin e 4 of th e t hird para gr aph .
5 (yet) been publt sh cd/t yet) been released
7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
NOTE: As lo ng as your answe rs are no longer than the 3 words
specified in the instru ctions and true, the answers are co rrect. 1 0
' Kn oc k do wn' means ' hit (so that yo u fall)' .
2 A
' " 24 TRANSCRIPT 'Set off' mea ns ' leave' .
Radio presenter 3 1
The pilot who spent nearly twenty min utes clinging to the outside of his Completes th e phrase ' leave th e ligh ts o n', m ean ing 'for get to
aircraft at 23,000 ft has returned to flying . Hugh Owen reports from swit ch off th e ligh ts' .
Birmingham Airport. 4 Il
Hugh Owen 'Spee d up ' m ean s 'accelera te' or 'dr ive faste r' .
On 13 June Captain Timothy Lancaster took off from Birmingh am with 5 C
eighty passengers aboard. Most of the passengers were goi ng to Spain on 'Catc h up with (so meone)' means 'reach som eone who is ahe ad
holiday. The window of the jet just in front of the capta in's seat had been by goi ng faster' .
fitted at Birmingham Airport the day before . As the jet gained height, 6 H
pre ssure in the cabin gradually increased, an d at 23,000 ft the windscreen We 'ge t into' th e ca r when we start driving , a nd we 'get o ut of '
sudden ly blew out. The captain, who was still strapped into his seat with th e car wh en we arrive.
a lap belt, was sucked forward and almos t disappeared through the ho le 7 E
where the window had bee n. There was a loud noise as air escaped from This m ean s ' we soo n discover ed tha t we had run o ut of petrol'.
the cabin, taking pap ers, trays and loose o bjects with it. 8 I:
The flight crew, like all British Airways pilots. had been instructed in Com pletes th e ph rase 'r u n out of ', which we use to refer to fuel
reacting to a n explosive decompression . Mr Alistair Aitchison, the co-pilot, (petrol o r gas, for exa m ple) .
immediately took control and headed for the nearest airfield to ma ke an
emergency landing. Writing
For nearly twenty minu tes Ca ptain Lancaster was half in and half out of
t he cockp it. His cabin crew held onto him desperate ly to preve nt him Writing a student magazine article
from falling off the plane. He lost consciousness and suffered frostbite and 8 Your own ideas.
a broken arm , wrist and thumb , but m iraculously he survived. He was
transported to hospita l im mediate ly. His condition was serious. However, 9 1 Wha t predi ct ion s would yo u make for th e future?
he was soon well eno ugh to have visitors, includ ing the cabin crew. 2 What ar e th e ma in problem s we 're facin g today?
Today, only six mon th s later, Captain Lancaster has made his first 3 Ho w like ly do you th ink it is that t hese sol utio ns will be a pplied?
operational flight since the accident, and he's here with me now. 4 What ar e th e causes?
Tim, did you ever worry about getting bac k into the pilot's seat? S What ar e th e po ssible so lutions?
Captain Lancaster 1 0 cur ren tly = at present
Probably in hospital when I was lying in bed, not te rribly we ll, it did cross depressed = (too) pes sim ist ic
my mind that I might not get back to flying. But I improved slowly key problem s = main issues
throughout the sum me r, and here I am . t im e a head = yea rs to co m e
Hugh Owen ra ise = increase
And what did you feel when yo u we re up there today? decr ease = reduce
Captain Lancaster used = put in to effect
Fine. It was busy. So, you know, I was just thin king about t he flying side of face facts = be realistic
it. I didn't have time for oth er thoughts. m ethod = way
Hugh Owen beg inning = origin
You didn 't think about th e accident ?
11 WRITING EXAM
Captain Lancaster
I've compe nsated for th e accid ent by basically forgetting about it. It ca me TIPS: You mus t follow the specific requirements of this exa m ta sk.
back to me when I me t members of the crew afterwards, but over the The magazin e wants you to answ er five questi ons. All five questions
summer, my brain has just blanked it out. a re complex - none of them can be answered with a sim ple list.
Hugh Owen You also need to provide an introd uctio n and a con clusion (have you
So if I we re to ask you to describe it to me now, you co uld n't. ever read an article th at didn 't have these?).
Captain Lancaster You need to prepare your ideas very ca refully and make sure that you
Well, I wa s uncons cious throughout most of it an}"/'lay, so . have enough - and not to o much - to say for each of th e five
Hugh Owen questions.
The plane involved in the accide nt wa s a 10-year-old BAC 1-11 jet, Everything in your article is, basically, your o pinion. This means tha t
regarded by pilots as one of th e safest in the world . It's thought that the you must make your reaso ns for what you say ve ry clear.
accident was caused by the wrong-sized bolts being used to fit th e In term s of the language structures you should use in yo ur art icle,
windscreen during a routine service of the aircraft. The results of a full think about th e meaning of what you are talking about.
investiga tion have not yet bee n publ ished . The first question is a description of th e current situatio n, and wilt
probably involve Present Simple and Presen t Continuous.
The seco nd qu estion is about the causes, and so you may also need
to include the Present Perfect here .
For all the questions, yo u will probabl y find th at the passive voice will
be relevant.
The other questions require you to spe culate, and you should use:
modal verbs, suc h as 'm ight', 'co uld', and so on ; co nditio nal
structures - ' if we don't deal with th ese prob lems, ...' _
reco mmendations - ' I really believe that .. .' and so on .
Read through what you have w ritten, and chec k tha t yo u have
presented a clear line of argument.

194 SMART ANSWER KEY

Speaking 12 Science and
statistics-based discussion
12 1 Most holidays are booke d at travel agents' offices.
technology
2 The In tern et is used to book a large number of holida ys. Reading
3 A lot of short break holidays are taken by peop le with demanding
jobs. 1 Your own ideas.
4 Honeym oo ns are often take n abroad. 2 a compromise
13 E 2 A 3 H 4 F 5 D 6 C You find this in paragraph A.
b the rush ho ur
TIP : Make sure the sentence halves m at ch logically as we ll as
You find this in paragraph B.
grammatically.
c encroach upon (or expand, or invade)
14 SPEAKING EXAM You find this (these) in paragraph C.
TIP: The task tells you what the informa t ion yo u are given is about. It d facilities
asks you to talk about it, and it gives yo u a central ques tion to deal Yo u find this in paragraph D.
with in what you say. e hand in ha nd
This is not a test about how much you know abo ut tour ism, or being YOLl find this in par agraph D.
a travel agent, or about statistics, ete. It is a test of your knowle dge of fringe
English. You fin d t his in par agraph E.
If you are doing this exam task well, yo u w ill be saying t hings like, TIP: Read throug h the text quickly to check that yo u understand the
'The information we're given here shows that thirty per ce nt of key vocabulary. If there are any unfamil iar words, t ry to wo rk out
holidays are booked by people who visit a trave l agent's office. This their meaning from the context. However, you don't need to
continues to be the most popular way to book a holiday, alt hough understand every word in a text to be able to complete the exam
using the phone or Inte rnet.. .' task!
The task requ ires you to talk about what you imagine might ha pp en
in the future. You can say things like, ' I have, of cou rse, no real idea 3/4 READING EXAM
about what's goi ng to happe n in the future. I think it's poss ible that I f "
people will decide that the best kind of holiday, after a ll, is to stay at We read 'If yOll had to consider the impact of cars on your town .
home, and relax by no t working, not being in an airport, an d so o n. first of all you would probably th ink of traffic jams and.
Many people in the world can't afford a holiday away, while a few po llu tio n'.
people co nt inue to fly to mo re a nd mo re d istant places for a week's 2 a D
break. I think we are at a tu rning point in history, and it's hard to We read 'We all enjoy the facilitie s ... enterta in ment complexes
know what's going to happen.' bring - because we can use our cars to get to th em '.
3 c D
Debate We read 'we are saddened by the loss of our local groceries ... and
15 I income, econom ic neig h bo urhoo d co m munity centres ... these changes go hand in
The first word compl etes the phrase 'sou rce o f income'. This ha nd '.
establishes the business co ntext fo r us to work o ut what kind of 4 d A
opportunities the sentence mig ht be referri ng to. we read ' We can go wherever we want to go , whenever we wa nt
2 Wealt hy, drive up to go '.
We need an adjective that can describe peo ple, in contrast to S g E
'poorer cou ntries'. The second ex pression completes the ph ra se We read ' Parking spaces are huge a reas of land' that ' used to be a
'd rive up prices ' mean 'cause t he pr ices to rise'. grassy meadow' .
3 do m inance, cha racter 6 b C
'Popularity' wou ld also be poss ible to the first gap, bu t the Wc read 'roads keep getting widened to accommodate th e
ins tructions remind you to use eac h wo rd only once, a nd you'll increasing volume o f t raffic '.
need ' po pula rity' for S. The second word completes t he phrase
NOTE: Remember to complete both parts of this task. Notice that ,
'local character' .
unlike in most other Reading tasks, here the sentences don't follow
-I awareness, local
the o rde r of informat ion in the text - it's your task to find where this
Th e first word completes the ph rase 'ra ise awareness (about)',
information is.
meaning 'focus (somebody's) attent ion (o n)'. We then need an
ad jective to describe 'cu ltures'.
S popularity, hig h-r ise Listening
We need to t hink about the logic of what we're saying to decide
5 Yo ur own answers.
that ' po pu la rity' and not 'domi nance' is the word we need here.
The adject ive 'high-rise', meaning ' many storeys high ', is th e only 6 Possible answers:
on e in the list that we use to describe bu ild ings. 1 W ho ha d a lo t of bro t hers and sisters?
2 W ho was give n an awa rd by a king?
16 Possible answers:
3 W ho was born in a family that hadn't been interested in scie nce?
Adva n tages: I, 3
4 W ho gai ned more recognition outside the ir own homeland?
Disadvantages: 2, 4, 5
5 W ho focused on a particu lar scientific area?
NOTE: You might have different views. You might consider, for 6 W ho wanted to choose a different profession'!
example, the construction of high- rise hotels where a lot of people 7 Who ta ught in a school?
ca n spe nd thei r holidays a good thing . 8 Whose home can tourists visit?
17 SPEAKING EXAM TIP: There are a lot of ways of re phrasing these questions, so the
TIP: You need to consider the issue fro m the point of view of the above are just one of the many possibilities.
local communities. The answer is, as with most complex issues, that it
has bo th advantages an d d isadvantages - and yo u can say th is in the
exam. You can t hen go on to desc ribe eac h of the m, and depending
on how convincing the arguments you use are, yo u might be able to
decide (but remember that yo u don't have to decide) if either po int
of view outweighs the other.
Your success in this task doesn't depend on whet her or no t you've
persuaded your pa rtner or if they've persuaded you - but on how
how well you communicated wha t you th ink, and how we ll you
re sponded to what your partner thinks.

SMART ANSWER KEY 19S

 7 LISTENING EXAM Use of English
1 B
We hea r ' Marta was t he t hir d child o f a fam ily with te n ch ildre n'. 8 Possible an swers:
2 C 1 No, he doesn 't. It's dangerous and not very useful.
We hear 't he King o f Spain gave him an order after a silk bullet- 2 He thinks the costs are too high .
proof vest inve nted by the 'Polish Edtso n' saved his life', 3 NASA (N at ional Aerona utics and Space Ad mt n tst rauonj.
3 C -I They shou ld forget th e manned prog ramme a nd look fo r ot her
We hear 'he wa.. born in a poor u neducated family', mission s.
C 9 Possible answ ers:
Th e reco rding me ntion'> h is pa tents in Germany a nd Engla nd, the poi nt (noun): po intless (adject ive), pointer (nou n), point lessly
a rticles that Mar k Twain, the Amer ican a ut hor wro te about (adve rb)
Szczepa n tk's ac hieveme nts. a nd the m edal he received from t he expense (noun): expensive (adject ive), inexpensive (adject ive),
King o f Spa in. expe nsively (adve rb), inexpen sively (adve rb), expen d (verb)
S B scie nce (noun): scientific (adjective), un scien t ific (ad jective),
The o nly scie nce mentioned in t he recording abo ut Mari a scien t ifically (adverb), uus ctcnttttcau y (adve rb), scientist (no un)
Mitch ell is astro no my. maintai n (verb ): main te nance (noun), maintainable (adj ecti ve},
6 A unma intainab le (adjective), rnaintatnably (adverb), unmaintainably
We hear ' As a teenager, Bell wanted to beco me a n actor or a (adverb]
sailor', fl y (verb): flying (adjectiv e), flight (no un ), fligh tless (ad jecti ve)
7 A astronom y (no un) : astronomer (nou n ), astro nom ical (adtec t tvc).
We hea r 'h e tau gh t deaf peo ple'. ast ronomically (adve rb)
B Il di ffic u lt (adjecti ve): dif ficul ty (no un)
we hear 'T he h o use whe re she was born was tu rned in to a effect (nou n): effect (verb), effec tive (ad ject ive), ineffect ive
museum' , (ad jective), effect ively (adve rb), ineffect ivel y (adve rb)
10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
. , 2S TRANSCRIPT
I pointless
Alexander Graham Bell - as a you ng boy, t he telep hone invento r We need an ad jecti ve he re to describe what 'people t hink' ,
Alexander Graham Bell liked mathematics, and science, but he was easily 2 expe ns ive
bored at schoo l. He was m uch more interested in expe rimenting and Th is also needs to be an adjective beca use it follows 'very'. The
d iscovering thing s on his own. One of his first inventions was a simple writer is putting forwa rd a rguments agains t space travel, a nd
machine imitat ing the huma n voice. Alexander built it with his brother 'expensi ve' fits t he co n text.
Melville when they were still children. 3 scien ti fically
As a teenager, Bell wanted to become an actor or a sailor. Instead , he Th e adverb desc ribes 'in wha t way' space tra vel ts not useful.
worked, like his father, as a speech therapist, and taught deaf people. 4 maintenance
Bell's studies of the hum a n ear and voice vibrations, and years of We n eed a noun to follow th e definite article ' t he' and before th e
experiments resulted in 1876 in the first telephone conversation between prcp osttton 'o f',
Bell and his assistant Tomas Watson. 5 fligh ts
Alexander Bell's lifelong interest in nature and science also led to a variety This m ust be a noun because it fo llows a n adjective . Th e context
0 1 other invent ion ideas, including experiments with flight and desig ning (' matn tatnt ng th e shutt les') helps us to decide that we need a
ae roplanes. plura l form.
Marta Mitchell - Maria Mitchell was one of the most famous American 6 ast ronomi cal
scientists of the 19th century. Born in 18 18, in Massachus ett s, Maria was We need an ad ject ive he re to describe wh at t he costs of
the third child of a family with te n childre n. Her father was a dedi cated maintaining th e sh uttles a re like.
astro no mer a nd teacher, and he enco uraged Mane's scientific inte rests. 7 difficu lt ies
In 184 7, when she was looking at the sky through a telescope from the The noun is the object of the verb 'faces' an d follows two
roof of her parents' hou se, she discovered a new comet. A year later she adjectives. We norm ally use the plu ral for m in th ese type of
became the first woman admi tted to the Amer ican Academy of Arts and sta te me n ts abo ut proble ms in genera l.
Sciences, and the first female professor of astron omy in the USA. 8 effect ive
After her death , the Maria Mitchell Astronom ical Society was created as We need an adjective to complete t he co m parati ve form. It needs
tribute to her mem ory. The house whe re she was born was turned into a to be pos itive to co nt rast with t he manned space flights (wh ich
museum. t he writer co nsiders to be point less).
[an Szczepanlk - The re was an invento r who is sometimes called the
'Polish Edison'. His na me was [an Szczepanik, and he was born in a poor Writing
uned ucated family in a small village in the south of Poland.
During the 54 years 0 1 his life, Szcze panik got a few hundred paten ts and Writing a stud ent magazine article
mad e over fifty inventions , man y of which are still used today, especially
in colour photography, film produ ction and television. He also worked on 11 Your ow n ideas.
a moving wing aircraft, an airship and a subma rine. 12 say
Szczepanik patented his inventions in Germany and England. The We use 'say' without an indi rect ob ject (They say', not .,~
American novelist Mark Twain wrote two articles about his achieveme nts, ,*"", ' ).
and the King of Spain gave him an order afte r a silk bullet-proof vest 2 wit ho ut
invented by the 'Polish Edison' saved his life. Thi s is th e only word that fits t he con tex t logicall y.
3 tell
we use ' tell' with an ind irect object t' They te ll me (that .-r, no t
~ I"""
-I there
...),.
Used to avo id re pea tin g 'in t hese buildings' o r 'in the librar ies'.
5 t his
Completes t he ph rase 'This all sounds (wry) stra nge!'
6 full
Completes th e phrase ' turn full circle', mea n ing ' retu rn to the
sit uatio n wh ere it sta rted'.
7 again
Meaningfull y co m pletes the ex plana t ion o f how things \-.'1II 'turn
full circle'.
R were
' Were' is oft e n used aft er 'as if',

196 SMART ANSWER KEY

13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task includes three questions and you must discuss
all of them. If you miss any out, yo u w ill lose m arks.
When you are preparing you r ideas, think carefully a bout the function
of what you need to write.
In the first section, you need to describe the current situation. You
shou ld provide facts.
In the secon d sect ion, yo u need to evaluate the situation . You shou ld
offer opinions.
In the third section, you need to predict, to spec ulate abou t the
fut ure situation. You should m ake suggestions.
You need to use a range of langu age structures to communicate all
these ideas.
You have about 200 wo rds, so make sure you plan how mu ch you
want to write in each section.
Speaking
Situational role-play
14 Your own idea s.
15 Your own ideas.
16 Now, what do you t hink we should star t off wit h?
Why don't we begin here? I mea n, wit h the qu esti on of
ed ucation.
Yes, why not ? We all have t ha t in co mmon . How shall we do it?
Could we ask your mot he r how to do it ? She is a science teacher,
after all.
She is, yes, but this is supposed to be our own ideas .
That's true. We could make a chart show ing t he different
possibi lities for q ualifica tions.
That wou ld be effective - nic e and clear.
Then we cou ld ask the class if people in th eir fam ilies have those
qua lificatio ns.
Yes, that would make everyone fee! dir ectly involved .
TIP: Each sentence con tains a wo rd or phrase that con nects it to
what the ot her perso n says before or afte r. Find these links first to
work out the orde r of the se nte nces.
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task specifies fou r issues for d iscussion very clea rly.
You must make sure you talk abou t all of them .
Your discussion has two levels - you need to discuss what the topic is
in each case and you need to discuss how you will deal with the
topic in your presenta tion .
You do n't have to follow the order in the tas k.
Some of the to pics - 'in the home' and 'e ducation' - may be close to
your own exper ience, while others - 'w orkplace' and 't he future' -
may no t.
Show that you have language you can use for every situat ion. For
example, you could say, 'Well, neither of us has direct expe rience of
the workptace, because we're still studying at schoo l. But I
und erstand from talking to my father that robo ts have completely
cha nged t he way cars are ma nufactured in factories. It means that
fewer peo ple are employed on the prod uction line, and so.. .'
Picture-based discussion
18 I b 2 a :3 a 4 c 5 b 6 c 7 a
TIP: Make sure the missing words fit the gap s logically as well as
grammatica lly.
19 H
Th e phrase is 'e ither of t hese (th ings)' .
2 E
The phrase is 'say (so met hing) abou t (so met hi ng)'.
3 A
Prese n t Perfect verb form .
4 C
The verb ' be' is the first par t of th e Presen t Conti nuous verb for m
aft er the modal verb ' migh t' - used for spec ulatin g abou t the
image.
S D
'The o nes' refers back to the 'letters' .
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about the a reas that the exa m task requires.
The re are three stages to your task.
Firstly, you should talk abou t wha t you can see in the pictures, and
what these images represe nt. You should compare things: for
example, they are both about comm unication, a nd co ntrast them: for
example , spo ken and written com munication.
Secon dly, you should relate these pictures and activities to your own
life: Which do you use more ofte n? For what purposes? What do you
like and dislike ab out eac h?
Thirdly,you sho uld explain you r ideas abo ut the future of technology.
Throug hou t this task, there are no right or wrong answers, and the
way you talk shou ld reflect this.
Use phrases and expressions such as ' It's hard to say, but perha ps.
'I'm not really an expert, and so I can only g uess that.,;', ' My own
feeling abo ut this is.. .', and so on. You can find useful phr ases for
speculating and giving you r op inion in the Speaking Bank on page
128.
Higher level
Listening
1 deaf
' Deaf people' are menti oned in state me nts 2, 5, 7 a nd 10.
2 in a resta uran t
The info rma tion is in state me n t I, a nd statemen t 2 con t inues
wit h the sa me con text. (Of course, we don' t know at t his stag e if
they are true o r false.j
:3 sign language
This fits th e context bett er. Th e device is called 'Sign Language
Trans lato r' according to state me nt 4, a nd 's ign la nguage' is also
men tio ned in statemen ts 5 an d 7.
2 LISTENING EXAM
1 T
We hea r '1 was waiting to be served at our local Burger King a nd
. I th ought it would make things easier if th ey had an elect ron ic
interprete r'.
2 F
We hea r 'They comm unica ted with a speaki ng in te rpreter an d he
relayed their choices to a cashier' . ' Relay' in this sense means
' pass on'.
, T
We hea r '1 remem bered t he idea later, when I was th in king of a
new project for a science competition' .
4 F
We hea r 't he receiver has a screen similar to those 0 11 cell phones'
- it doesn 't say th e receiver is a cell phone. 'Ce ll ph one' is the
Ame rica n term fo r a 'mobile ph one'.
S F
We hear ' people can read th e wo rds, even if t hey do n't
understan d sign lan guage, an d people wh o use sign lan guage can
communicate wit hout a n interpreter' .
6 T
We hea r 'Th e project received top ho nours, alo ng with a $100,000
college scho larship fo r th e you ng inventor'.
7 T
We h ear ' I started wit h researching how sign language work s'.
8 F
We hea r ' I've always had a n in terest in electronics. I've liked
wiring th ings together since I was four yea rs o ld . I also had
hands-on expe rien ce from my part-time job at a robot ic-
eq uipme n t lab '.
9 T
We hea r ' I also h ad to try on ma ny different gloves'.
10 F
We hea r ' Wha t I have now isn 't ready for pro d uctio n ... nut I do
hope to see it o n the ma rket one day', mean ing t he Sign
La nguage Tra ns lator is no t yet be ing sold .
SM A RT AN SWER KEY 197

~ 26 TRANSCRIPT
Kathle Holmes
Good afte rnoon, this is Kathie Holmes in ou r programme, 'Youn g and
Brainy' . Tod ay I' m goin g to be speaking to Ryan Petterscn, a tee nager
whos e invention may bridge the communication ga p betwe en the de af
and those that can hear. Ryan, tell us how it all started.
Ryan Paltenon
It was two years ag o. I was wa iting to be served at o ur loc al Burg er King
and I noticed a gro up of customers using sign language to place an ord er.
They wer e obviously deaf. They commu nicated with a speaking
interpreter a nd he relayed their cho ices to a cashier. I tho ught it wo uld
make t hing s easier if t hey had an electronic interpr et er instead . I
remem bered the idea later, when [ was thi nking of a new project for a
science competition. I called it Sign la ngua ge Tra nslator.
It consists of a glove which is lined with te n sensors . The sensors detect
the hand positions that are used to shape the alphabet of American Sign
language. Then a microp rocessor transmits the information to a small 00 was
portable receiver. The receiver has a screen similar to those on cell
phones, and this screen displays the words, lette r by letter. In this way
people can read the words, even if they don't understan d sign langua ge,
and peop le who use sign language ca n co mmu nicate witho ut a n
inte rpreter.
Kathle
Are you imp ressed? So we re judges at the 2001 Sieme ns Science and
Techno logy Competition. The project received to p honour s, along with a
S100,000 college scholarship for the young inve ntor. And now Ryan's
project is already patented.
Ryan, how long did you experiment with the invention before you finally
produced the prototype?
Ryan
Around nine months. I started with researching how sign language works.
Then I had to figure out how to translate all that electronically.
Fortuna tely, I've always had an interest in e lectronics. I've liked wiring
things tog ethe r since I was fo ur years old. I also had han ds-on experience
from my part-time job at a robotic-eq uipme nt lab. Reading
Kathle
Did you have probl ems finding appropriate mate rials?
Ryan
I'm used to hunting fo r hardware to build competition robots, bu t for this
projec t I also had to try on many different gloves. A golf glove turned out
to be the best solution. It's soft and flexible and fits closely.
Kathle
According to the National Institute of Deafness, one to two million people
in the U.$. a re profoundly deaf. And most of them use sign language to
communicate. Will yo ur invention make an impact?
Ryan
There was a demonstration at our local deaf community centre and the
peo ple were interested. What I have now isn't ready for prod uction. I'm
sure it' ll be very d iffe rent by the time it's actually ma nufactur ed . But I do
hope to see it on the marke t one day.
Use of English
3 should be deleted.
'As w~II ' is e no ugh : it m eans 'also' or 'too'.
2 is co rrect.
3 'That' here refers to what we kn ow about pollution. Using ' th is'
would also be correct.
-4 is co rrec t.
S should be deleted.
' Da m age is un co un table. It is a general idea here. In anot her
differen t sentence. you could say so me t h ing like, 'The damage
that cars cause to o ur cities is te rrible.'
6 should Ill' de leted.
You say ' SU Ill {' o f' wl1'11 you art' ident ifyin g Ol few t hings from a
large r gro up o f coun table t h ings. 'Some of t he wor ld's pro blem s
ar e caused by people. a nd so m e of them arc natur al .' You say just
'so me' wh en yo u mean a part , not the total or maximum. 'I 'd like
some rice.'
198 SMART AN SWER KEY
4 I C
' Elect ricity' is a single, large and general thing - it is uncountable
a nd doesn't nee d to he specified here.
2 C
We only need one preposition, ' in' here .
3 A
Th e phrasal verb, ' keep up with (sometbtng/someoncj' means 'go
at t he same speed as', or 'co nt inue to understand '. All t h ree pa rts
are nece ssa ry,
4 B
when yo u 'wo nde r', you don 't kn ow. It's an o pe n qu estion, so
yo u say 'i f', as yo u wo uld in ' I do n' t kno w if.. .'
5 C
we already have the verb here t'there's'j so we don 't need it
again.
S USE DF ENGLISH EXAM
o ./
We don 't need a passive; 't he history' 'sta rted' is fin e.
on
Th e phrase is 'ta ke (a pe riod of time) to (happen,' .
2 ./
3 of
Don 't confu se two diffe rent str uct ures: 'ei ther (so m et hi ng) or
(somet hi ng else)' a nd ' neit he r (so me t h ing) no r (so methi ng else)'
follo w the same st ruct ure , which is the cor rect op tion he re. Th e re's
also 'e it her/ ne it her o f (t hem )', but that's used diffe re ntly.
-4 been
we do n 't need to make a passive here.
S that
You ca n say, There are records that show the vt ongots used .. .' and
you ca n say, 'There are records snowing that th e Mongols used ...' -
but yo u can't mix the two possibilities tog ethe r.
6 ./
6 I a 2 c
NOTE : You ca n usually work o ut the meani ng of unfamiliar words
from the context.
7 Possible a nswe rs:
th e process o f questtontng a number o f people to get a n idea
abo ut the general opinion
2 a telepho n e line connected to th e ne two rk by wires (as o pposed
to mobile phones)
3 allow a bill to reach a large am ount
-4 the introd uct ion of new things or ways of doing things
S br ing closer
6 d isadva ntage, negat ive aspect
8 READING EXAM
I c
We read about ' men with mo bile ph on es (72')1'1 of all men)' -
which is more tha n the figures given for teenagers (below 70%),
people between .In and so (bel ow 70']f, ), o r women t6 7% ).
2 b
Wc read ' the survey shows that th e ave rage a mo un t of nm c th ey
spend on the phone ... has go ne down from sixty -t h ree minutes
before they got a mobile to Iuty-ttve m inutes now',
3 ,
W' read ' In nova tio n in m obile phones has been happening so
fast tha t it's diffi cult for consumers to cha nge their be haviour '.
4 d
W' read ' Mobi le ph on e ta ke-up am on g the poor ha s act ually been
far q uicker t han it was in t he case of ... compute rs'.
5 ,
You find th e a nswer to this q uest ion by checking the inf or ma tion
ahout the other a nswe rs and making su re the text mentions
them : ' mobile phones now account for a third of all st reet
ro bbe ries', 'mobile USNS are tw o and a half limes more likely to
devel op ca ncer' and 'do n' t forget about all th e accidents wailing
to happen as people drive with a mobile in one hand'.
Writing
Writing a discursive essay
9 Your own Ideas.
10 1 Thi s is ] Thus 5 The result of
2 M oreover ..J In co n trast 6 However
TIP : These are all useful linking words you can use in you r essay. You
can find more useful idea s in the Writing Bank on page 136 .
11 The state me nt th at t his essavisbaseo on is a pessimistic o ne. It ha s
been Issued by so meo ne mth a com plete ly negative attitude 10
technology. I will begin m y essay by cons ide ring ~ is me ant by
t he state me nt. I will th en m ove on to look a t a number of counter-
argu me nts. Finally. I w ill deliver my conclusion. Thi s is basically that
th e ac tio n we need to take is to incr ease greatly th e level o f
technol ogic a l loducdlion gener ally available.
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Yo ur essay mus t be a response to the topic given in the exam
ta sk. If you don 't co nnec t or relate what yo u write to the task, yo u
will lose ma rks.
You need to look ca refully at the ideas in the task, so that you can
make comm ents a bout them .
There isn't a 'co rrect' way to approach this - the ideas will be your
own .
Use th e task to give yo u a plan or structure for your essay:
Do we und erstand how technology is changing, in terms of
work/education ?
leisure?
commun ication?
relationships?
any ot her areas you can think of?
what's going to hap pen in the future? Are we preparing a better
world fo r the next ge nera tion?
Try to give examples, or details or explanat ions of everyth ing you
write about.
If you present one idea, and then present an argument aga inst it. yo u
will be able to write mo re, and w hat you write will have a clea r
structure .
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 I She 's sitt ing on som e old stone steps ou tside.
TIll' verb needs to he completed first . Note t he co rrect order of the
adje ctive s. You co u ld al so put 'o utside' between 's ilting' an d 'o n'.
2 I guess sill' was wa lking al ong when she suddenly remembered
she hadn't se nt an important ematl.
'Walking a lo ng ' sets th e scen e: th is is what was happening (past
Co ntinuous) whe n th e o the r action occurred (Past Simpl e). Noti ce
th e po sition of th e adverb 's udden ly' and th e USt' of the Past
Perfect ten se with the negative, ' had n' t sent '.
3 Perhaps she's tryin g to send an email to her coll eague before he
takes a plan e.
The Present Co n tinuo us ts used here to descr ibe a n act ion taking
place a t th e tim e of spea king. Th e Present Simpl e is used her e to
describe 10 describe a future act io n that is 'ttme ta bled'.
4 O f course, she might be a writ er who just had a moment of
insp iratio n .
Th is Is a usefu l way to introduce an other idea. Notice th e position
of '[ust'. and th e phr ase, ' a moment of inspiration'.
5 I don 't thin k she's go ing to sta y long because it's q uite
unc om tortabl e.
' Be go ing to' is used for th e future here , where you are bas in g
what you say o n th e ev ide nce yo u can see - ' it's quite
unc omfortable'. Remem ber t hat in English we refer to o ur
thinking in th e neganve form , 'I don 't think she's goi ng to ' -
rather than th e anion, *'1 think she 's Ite t ge illg te ..
14 I mea ns
Co m pletes the phrase 'means to a n end', meaning a solution or
m et hod su itable for its purpose - but not th e pu rpose itself.
2 more
Co mpletes the ph rase ' not hing m or e' .
3 themselves
Co m pletes the ph rase ' in th em selve s', me en tn g 'in isolation ', here
'wit ho ut consideri ng ot her aspects of th e issue'.
4 such
Co m pletes the phrase 'such as' used to gtve examples.
5 with
We use ' he lp (so me o ne)' + 'wit h' to talk about th e ta sk th ey help
th em do.
6 with
Meaning 'in th e case of' .
7 totally
Used to make th e adj ective stronger, not just 'diffe re nt ', but
' to ta lly different' (m ean ing ' the re ar e no simila ritie s at all ' }.
S actually
Meaning ' des pite a ll th e evi de nce'.
15 5PEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about all the five questions th e e xa m task asks
you .
You should probably describe the picture in general term s briefly first,
and then move on to the questions.
You don't have to follow the questions in th e same order as in the
task, although it is probabl y the most logical order.
The first three questions requ ire you to guess, and yo u should reflect
this in the answe rs you give. Try to say, for example, 'I imagine that
she might be writing an email,' rather than 'She's typing an email.'
You ca n find useful phrases for specu lating about a picture in the
Speaking Bank on page 128.
The fourth q uestion asks you about your life, and to compare this
with what you see in the picture.
The final qu estion req uires you to give an opinion. There is no right
o r wrong ans we r. What's important is that you exp lain your reasons
for your opinion.
Debate
16 Your ow n ideas.
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Decide if you want to arg ue for or against the stateme nt first.
Then thi nk of exa mp les for both sides: invent ions that do make our
lives easier, a nd invent ions that only generate prod ucts we must buy.
Prepa re some arg uments to explain wh y you think so, about each of
the exam ples.
Remember, the situation is usually mor e compl ex than this, and most
things belong to both categories.
When you' re doing the task, use examples to illustrate each po int you
make.
Make sure yo u respond to what yo ur partn er is saying (yo u can find
useful phrases for this in the Spea king Bank on page 128 ) - rather
than keep repeating yo ur own argumen ts.
Don't be afraid to admit if you haven't th ought of a ce rtain issue -
you' re not expected to be an expert o n technolog ical innovations,
yo u' re only tested on how we ll yo u use English.
Don't forget, you can always cha nge yo ur mind about th e state me nt
during the discussion - as long as you use a good variety 01 English
phrases to say so, for example: 'N ow that you've men tion ed this, r
think I'd like to recons ider my pos itio n.'
SMART A NSW ER KEY 199
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Exam Excellence
Felkeszules a kozep- es emelt szintU angol vizsqakra

Az Oxford Exam Excellence angol n yelvi vizsgafelkeszitf tankonyv, arne ly

egyarant alkalmas onallo tan ulasra vagy tanoral, csoportos feldolgoza sra.

A vtzsgakovetelmenvek tc ljcsttesc
A 12 fejezet az erettsegi vizsgan illetve a nyelv vi zsgakon e16for du16
va lame nny i temakort feldolgozza.
Minden fejezet 10 oldalnyi gyakorlattal ke szjt fel a BI es B2 szintii vizsgakra.
Egymastol fug getlen, es kulonbozd szine kkel elkulon itett gyakorloleckek
dolgozzak fel az Olva sott szoveg er tese , Hallott szoveg er tese, Nyelvhe lyess eg,
lra skeszseg es Beszedkeszseg vizsgareszek feladat ait valamennyi fejezetben .
A k6tet bemutatj a a vizsgakon gyakra n e16fordul6 feladattipusoka t.
Vizsgastrategrak es tipp ek segit ik a tanu16t a felkeszulesben ,

M6dszeres vizsgatren ing

Study D iary: Int eraktiv tartalomjegyzek se giti a tanmenet megter vezeset, es a
ta nul6 nyornon kovetheti a mar elvegzett munkat,
How To Study : otletek a hatekony felke szulesh ez,
Exam Tips: tan acsok a vizsgafeladatokkal kap csolatban .
Smar t Key . az "okos" megold6kulcs, ame ly nem csak a helyes valaszokat
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Segedanyagok
Speak ing Bank : kulonfele kommunikacios helyzetekben felhasznalh ato
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Writing Bank: mi ntaszovegek, tanacsok es kifeje zesek gyujtemenye az
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Word Bank: az ere ttsegf/ nyelvvizsga valamennyi temakdrenek ku lcssz6kincse,
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Smart CD: CD-jatsz6ban lejat szva a Hallott szoveg er tese vizsgaresz
han ganyaga, szarnitogepben pedig a teljes hangan yag atira ta , szerkeszthet6 es
nyomtathat6 formab an .

Ruga lmas szer kezet

Egyar ant felhasznalhato intenziv vizsgatanfolyarn kurzuskonyvekent , vagy
barmely an gol nyelvi tankonvvsorozat vizsgacentrikus kie geszftdjekent.
Alkalmazkodik a tanul6 vagy tanfolyam egyeni Igenyelhe z: a fejezetek es
leckek barm ilyen sor rendben, egymastcl fiiggetleniil elvegezhe tdek.

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