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#1M.Tech Student & Electronics and Communication & JNTU Anantapur, India
*2 Asssociate Professor & Department of Electronics and Communication & JNTU Anantapur, India
#3 Professor & Department of Electronics and Communication & JNTU Anantapur, India
*4Associate Professor, SJCET &Department of Electronics and Communication & JNTU Anantapur, India
Abstract: The following paper is to develop an Advanced Further to analysis, the root cause for this problem is due to
SMART Automobile Safety Information System. By rider's poor behaviors such as speed driving, drunk driving,
using MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking system we riding with no helmet protection, riding with lack of sleep.
can get the information of accidental occurrence through Several campaigns were conducted by the people for giving
GSM module. MEMS is a Micro electro mechanical awareness but still the percentage and numbers of death and
sensor which is a high sensitive sensor and capable of disability are very high which was not able to control because
detecting the tilt. The device is capable of performing all of late assistance to people for those who got through the
the tilt functions like forward, reverse, left and right accident. Therefore, major motorcycle manufacturers and
directions. The system consists of cooperative components several research groups have developed safety devices to
of an accelerometer, microcontroller unit, GPS device, protect riders from accidental injuries. At present, only in
GSM module, Ultrasonic sensor and CO/temperature some of advanced high-end automobile systems tracking
sensor. During the occurrence of any accident, this system is installed, but these systems are still too expensive
wireless device will send a short massage to mobile phone for most motorcycles riders.
indicating the position of vehicle by tracing the location of Therefore, accidental monitoring with alarm system
the vehicle through GPS system to family member, and fall detection for two wheelers has recently gained much
emergency medical service (EMS) and nearest hospital. attention, as these systems are expected to save life of
The speed of the motor cycle and threshold algorithm are peoples by helping riders to get emergency assistance with
used to determine fall or accident in real-time. Apart appropriate medical treatment on time. In this case,
from this we are also using temperature sensor and CO Advanced SMART Automobile Safety Information System
sensor which are interfaced to the micro controller for was developed. MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking
monitoring the CO & Temperature parameters. With the system is used for providing the details accidental
help of temperature sensor we can measure amount of occurrence. If any accident occurs, this wireless device will
temperature exhausted from the vehicle. CO sensor will send a message from mobile phone by indicating the position
sense the amount of CO gas emitted from the vehicle. of vehicle by tracking the latitude and longitude of that
Whenever the CO gas or temperature level exceeds the specific location through GPS system to emergency medical
threshold limit then the motor of the vehicle will be service, nearest hospital and family member so that they can
stopped. Ultrasonic sensor in the module is used to detect provide ambulance and prepare treatment for the patients.
any obstacle in the surroundings of the vehicle and II. 2.0 System overview
intimates the microcontroller and the controller
calculates the distance between the vehicles and if the
distance reaches predetermined set point, then the vehicle
stops automatically.
I. Introduction
Figure.1. System overview
Accidents have become a major public problem in many
countries and in metropolitan cities in current generation.
A high performance 16 bits MCV is used to process and store movements of the vehicle continuously and the accident
real-time signal from the accelerometer as well as sensors. occurrence will be detected by the MEMS and further this
Sensors (CO, Temperature and ultrasonic) will monitor its information is given to microcontroller. The GPS module
corresponding parameters and displays the same. If the
will be tracking the location of the vehicle at where the
temperature increases beyond the threshold level the motor
engine stops automatically. Similarly whenever the CO level accident has occurred. GPS can get the graphical location of
exceeds the threshold limit then the motor of the vehicle is the vehicle. The location values are given to microcontroller.
stopped. The ultrasonic sensor will detect the obstacle and Controller gives this information to GSM module. By using
slows down the vehicle according to the distance between the GSM we can send the message to family members,
vehicles and it stops the vehicle when it reaches the pre- emergency medical service and nearest hospital. In this
determined set point value in order to avoid the collision of project we have temperature sensor and CO sensor which are
vehicles.
interfaced to the micro controller. Temperature sensor
III. 3.0 Existing system through which we can measure amount of temperature
exhausted from the vehicle. CO sensor will sense the amount
In existing system most of the people associate black boxes of CO gas emitted from the vehicle. These values are
within airplanes but they are no longer just the key tool in displayed on LCD. Whenever the temperature/CO gas level
investigation of airplane accidents. Presently tracking system exceeds the threshold limit then the motor of the vehicle is
is introduced in vehicles to save peoples life. But these stopped. Ultrasonic sensor in the module is used to detect
systems are installed in some of the high-end motorcycles any obstacle in the surroundings of the vehicle and intimates
only because these systems are too expensive to install in
the microcontroller to take appropriate action and then
most of the motorcycle riders. Majorly in the cities pollution
plays major role in the environment, due to the high levels of controller calculates the distance between the vehicles and
pollutants like CO emitting from the vehicles it causes illness reduces the speed as it reaches to the predetermined set point.
to the public. Apart from that collision of vehicles occur If the distance is very less then it will stop the vehicle
especially in huge traffic conditions. In order to avoid the automatically.
above said difficulties, we are introducing SMART
Automobile Safety information Arm7: ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machines. An ARM
processor is basically a 16/32bit microprocessor designed
IV. 4.0 Design of Proposed Hardware System and licensed by ARM Ltd. ARM is a microprocessor design
company headquartered in England, founded in 1990 by
Herman Hauser. One of the characteristic features of ARM
processors is their low electric power consumption, which
makes them particularly suitable for portable devices. It is
one of the most used processors currently in the market.
GPS: The Global Positioning System (GPS) [2], is a The electronics then process the information derived from the
navigation system which is space-based satellite that sensors and through some decision making capability direct
the actuators to respond by moving, positioning, regulating,
provides location and time information in all weather
pumping, and filtering, thereby controlling the environment
conditions, anywhere on or near the earth. The system for some desired outcome or purpose. Because these devices
provides capabilities to military, civil and commercial users are manufactured using batch fabrication techniques similar
around the world. It is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS to those used for integrated circuits, unprecedented levels of
receiver and maintained by the United States government. functionality, reliability, and sophistication can be placed on
a small silicon chip at a relatively low cost.
Companies with strong MEMS programs come in many The space segment consists of 29 satellites circling the
sizes. The larger firms specialize in manufacturing high earth every 12 hours at 12,000 miles in altitude. This high
volume inexpensive components or packaged solutions for altitude allows the signals to cover a greater area. The
end markets such as automobiles, biomedical, and satellites are arranged in their orbits so a GPS receiver on
electronics. The successful small firms provide value in earth can receive a signal from at least four satellites at
innovative solutions and absorb the expense of custom any given time. Each satellite contains several atomic
fabrication with high sales margins. In addition, both large clocks. Satellites transmit low radio signals with a unique
and small companies work in R&D to explore MEMS code on different frequencies, allowing the GPS receiver
technology. to identify the signals. The main purpose of these coded
signals is to allow the GPS receiver to calculate travel time
B. GPS technology: of the radio signal from the satellite to the receiver. The
travel time multiplied by the speed of light equals the
It consists of satellites, control and monitor stations, and distance from the satellite to the GPS receiver.
receivers. GPS receivers take information transmitted from
the satellites and uses triangulation to calculate a users exact Control Segment The control and monitoring stations
location. GPS is used on incidents in a variety of ways, such
as [3]: The control segment tracks the satellites and then
provides them with corrected orbital and time
To determine position locations; for example, you information. The control segment consists of five
unmanned monitor stations and one Master Control
need to radio a helicopter pilot the coordinates of
Station. The five unmanned stations monitor GPS satellite
your position location so the pilot can pick you up. signals and then send that information to the Master
Control Station where anomalies are corrected and sent
To navigate from one location to another; for back to the GPS satellites through ground antennas.
example, you need to travel from a lookout to the fire
perimeter. User Segment The GPS receivers owned by civilians
and military
To create digitized maps; for example, you are
assigned to plot the fire perimeter and hot spots. The user segment consists of the users and their GPS
receivers. The number of simultaneous users is limitless.
To determine distance between two points or how GPS receiver collects information from the GPS satellites
far you are from another location. that are in view. GPS receiver determines your current
location, velocity, and time.
How the Global Positioning System Works
C. GSM (Global positioning system for mobiles)
The basis of the GPS is a constellation of satellites that are
continuously orbiting the earth. These satellites, which are Definition: Global system for mobile communication is a
equipped with atomic clocks, transmit radio signals that globally accepted standard for digital cellular
contain their exact location, time, and other information. The communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group
established in 1982 to create a common European mobile
radio signals from the satellites, which are monitored and
telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a
corrected by control stations, are picked up by the GPS pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900
receiver. A Global Positioning System receiver needs only MHz.
three satellites to plot a rough, 2D position, which will not be