Anuja Abhyankar

2-3
Video: The Modernizations of Russia
(man of steel/ universal genius)

Communism:
Trotsky- export, spread communism worldwide
Stalin- consolidate/ strengthen first

1926: Trotsky expelled from party

1940: murdered by ice pick
- possibly ordered by Stalin

- New Economic Policy

o Stalin wanted total gov. control of factories
- Command Economy: 5-year plan
o 1st 5-year plan- building heavy industry and capital projects
(infrastructure)
o workers had to reach target -> punishment if not reached

- Magnitogorsk: industrial central developed to meet goals of the 5-

year plan
- 1933-37 = 2nd 5-year plan
- Stakhanovism: had the productivity of 6 workers
(gulag: place you would go to if you didnt perform well- concentration
camp)

- 1930: 85 million tons of grain

- 1934: 69 million tons produced
- 1937: oil production x3, coal x4, steel x4

Kirov: The Great Terror 1936-38

- high ranking member
- Dec 1934: murdered (perhaps ordered by Stalin)
o Stalin blamed it on terrorism
o Used this search homes of other members, which was a
violation of civil liberties
o People were arrested + never seen again
o Stalin murdered all members of the Executive Board from
Lenins time
(Stalin also got rid of scientists, teachers: people who would get curious and
had knowledge)

The Great Purges: opponents, people Stalin thought were toxic

Went after leadership in military
 o Shot their families
Show Trail:
o public trail; everyone can watch
o used to give people fear
Pravda:
official Soviet newspaper
in history books/ paintings Stalin was shown beside Lenin
Stalin: Hero or Monster?
Hero
Command Economy
had people educated
new hospitals/ clinics opened
o many female (all for the
state)
increase the using of modern
tech.
increased food supply/
production
85 million tons of grain (1930)
gave rewards to the hard-
working
products used to: feed workers
+ sell to pay for machinery
Agriculture Revolution
scared victory over Nazi
Germany
reason for great patriotic war
(Georgians liked him because
Stalin was born there)
propaganda films: reward for
hard-workers
Moscow Underground: 1st
underground railway system
o fast and cheap service
Modernised Russia
Monster
Lenin= too rude and too
arrogant
slave labour increased
prisoners from concentration
camps
collectivization (1929) getting
rid of private property farms
(groups ownership)
o pooling resources
65 million tons of grain (1934)
= famine
o shortage of food,
overcrowding
o longline-ups for
materials (this was the
life of a citizen)
killed 1000s of communists
treated workers like slaves
Stalin took food away from
farmers during the famine
massacred the Kulaks (rich
farmers) + Jews
workers exposed to diseases
and malnutrition
erased people (traitors) from
books, and family photos
killed anyone who was a
 worker rose from 11 million to
23 million
predestined for jobs (if father
was a father => youre a
farmer)
women regarded equal to
men=> more wokers
threat to his power
used show trails to spread fear
Stalin purged many senior
military officers
ppl were tortured, terrorized
killed Trotsky
liquidated the Kulaks + exiled
to Siberia
Altered law so children under
12 could be executed
5 million Ukrainians dies to
famine
made Sunday a work day

Life Under Stalin

Granite Bolshevik [another name for Stalin]: hes with Lenin

Battle for Power

Trotsky vs. Stalin
Trotsky was the strategist + key member during the civil war
1924: Stalin formed allies with members of the Politburo
o slowly expelled many opponents
o Trotsky expelled to Mexico- ordered the murder of him

Communism
Liquidated the Kulaks due to their rebellion

Totalitarianism
formed partnerships with the churches
o he didnt want ppl to worship another person other than him
85% of population could read/ write
women were equal to men in the workplace
 official books were changed to affect reality
music and art adapted to reflect a positive image of communism

The Personality Cult

Foreign Policy
Stalin had little choice but to make a deal with Hitler
o Britain and France might be plotting against him
June 1921: Hitler betrayed Stalin Operation Barbarossa (red beard)
o Great Patriotic War