hydrogen fuel cell vehicle ppt

1. 1. SEMINAR ON HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE PRESENTED BY, RAGHU

SAI.G 3NA10ME021 UNDER GUIDEANCE, PROF. ASHOK MALIPATIL
2. 2. DEFINATION OF HYDROGEN Simplest element in the universe one proton
and one electron Occurs naturally as a gas Can be used to create energy
through combustion or use in fuel cells
3. 3. Most hydrogen is bonded to oxygen in the form of water (H2O) Can be
produced through the use of nuclear, solar, wind, and other renewable sources
Diversity of sources make hydrogen available alternative fuel Steam methane
reforming (CH4 )
4. 4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN Makes up 75% of the mass of all
visible matter Nontoxic and nonpoisonous Rarely found alone (H2) usually
bonded to oxygen in water (H2O) Highly buoyant lighter than air, rises and
diffuses when leaked Hydrogen Colour Hydrogen smell Hydrogen flame
identification
5. 5. BASIC HISTORY OF HYDROGEN 1820s Rev. W. Cecil developed
hydrogen- fueled engine 1876 Nicolaus Otto invented four-cylinder engine;
1885 Gottleib Daimler invented modern ICE 1920s first testing of the
hydrogen ICE Rudolf Erren used hydrogen ICEs in submarines and land
vehicles
6. 6. General Motors coined the phrase hydrogen economy during the fuel crisis
of the 1970s As fuel prices returned to normal, interest in hydrogen vehicles
diminished Rising fuel prices, environmental concerns, and energy security
sparked interest again in the twenty-first century
7. 7. ALTERNATE FUEL CELL VEHICLE HYBRIDS ETHANOL/E85 Here now, but
still require gas Pushed by GM More expensive, just as dirty?
8. 8. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL Fuel cells are similar to batteries, but designed for
continuous replenishment of energy via external fuel Many different types of fuel
cells, most common will likely be the PEM FC Hydrogen and oxygen in, water
vapor and liquid water out Typical output is about .8 volts
9. 9. WORKING OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
10. 10. TYPES OF FUEL CELL VEHICLE Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
Dual-Fuel Hydrogen Vehicles Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Concept Vehicles
11. 11. HYDROGEN SOURCES
12. 12. Cooling at atmospheric Pressure= -253 c Std heating value H2 gas =12.1
MJ/cu m Std heating value of liquid H2 = 120 MJ/Kg
13. 13. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE Hydrogen
Production Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. today is by steam
reforming of natural gas Produce hydrogen directly from new nuclear power
reactors? R&D into several new methods: Biological Water Splitting
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Reforming of Biomass and Wastes Solar
Thermal Water Splitting Renewable Electrolysis
14. 14. THE HYDROGEN HIGHWAY -Worlds first hydrogen refueling station opened
in Iceland in 2003 California & Florida have both approved funding BC
 Hydrogen Highway will link Vancouver & Whistler by start of 2010 Winter Olympic
Games
15. 15. HYDROGEN STORAGE Compressed gas storage Liquid
storage(cryogenic storage) Line pack system Under ground storage Storage
as metal hydride
16. 16. APPLICATION Automobiles Although there are currently no fuel cell cars
available for commercial sale, over 20 FCEVs prototypes and demonstration cars
have been released since 2009. Automobiles such as the GM HydroGen4,Honda
FCX Clarity, Toyota FCHV- adv and Mercedes-Benz F-Cell are all pre-
commercial examples of fuel cell electric vehicles. Fuel cell electric vehicles have
driven more than 3 million miles, with more than 27,000 refuelings.
17. 17. Buses There are also demonstration models of buses, and in total there are
over 100 fuel cell buses deployed around the world today. Most of these buses
are produced by UTC Power, Toyota, Ballard, Hydrogenics, and Proton Motor.
UTC buses have already accumulated over 970,000 km (600,000 mi) of driving.
Fuel cell buses have a 30-141% higher fuel economy than diesel buses and
natural gas buses.
18. 18. Motorcycles and bicycles In 2005 the British firm Intelligent Energy
produced the first ever working hydrogen run motorcycle called the ENV
(Emission Neutral Vehicle). The motorcycle holds enough fuel to run for four
hours, and to travel 160 km (100 mi) in an urban area, at a top speed of 80 km/h
(50 mph). In 2004 Honda developed a fuel-cell motorcycle which utilized the
Honda FC Stack. There are other examples of bikes and bicycles with a hydrogen
fuel cell engine. The Suzuki Burgman received "whole vehicle type" approval in
the EU.
19. 19. Airplanes Boeing researchers and industry partners throughout Europe
conducted experimental flight tests in February 2008 of a manned airplane
powered only by a fuel cell and lightweight batteries. The Fuel Cell
Demonstrator Airplane, as it was called, used a Proton Exchange Membrane
(PEM) fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor, which
was coupled to a conventional propeller. In 2003, the world's first propeller
driven airplane to be powered entirely by a fuel cell was flown.
20. 20. ADVANTAGES Created from water, can be recycled to produce more
hydrogen Cleanest fuel available when combusted produces carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, or hydrocarbon emissions Leaks/spills will quickly
evaporate and do not pose any threats to the environment Domestic production
will allow for energy independence
21. 21. DISADVANTAGE Conceptually, replacing the current oil-based infrastructure
with hydrogenwould cost billions, maybe trillions, of dollars. Although abundant
in the universe, hydrogen is fairly rare in our atmosphere, meaning that it has to
be extracted (for example through electrolysis, as explained above) and currently,
the process is cost prohibitive and inefficient. It is a very flammable gas (think of
the Hindenburg), which further adds to the on-board storage problems. its
production at energy plants creates excessive carbon dioxide.
22. 22. Hydrogen Technology Development In India Production of hydrogen by
photo electrolysis of water using solar energy Production of hydrogen by blue
 green algae & by certain bacterial species Storage of hydrogen through metal
hydride / non metal hydride Problems relating to utilization of hydrogen as a
fuel,that is developed for certain engines and fuel etc. Liquid hydrogen
production, storage and utilization.
23. 23. CONCLUSION Hydrogen Fuel cell vehicles are currently being researched
for their feasibility of widespread usage in automobiles and other forms of
transportation. Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not
an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made
from methane or other fossil fuels . However, it can be produced from a wide
range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse
or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles.
24. 24. REFERENCE National Renewable Energy Laboratory
http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_production_delive ry.html DoE Alternative
Fuels Data Center http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/laws/epact_2005.ht ml
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Realm http://www.geocities.com/aardduck/fc_basic.html
Non conventional energy source G D rai 2006 edition FuelCellWorks.com
www.hydrogenhighway.ca.gov
25. 25. THANK YOU