APUNTES de INGLES

Pronombres
Pronombres Pronombres Pronombres Adjetivos Pronombres
Nominativos Acusativos Reflexivos Posesivos Posesivos
I me myself my mine
you you yourself your yours
he him himself his his
she her herself her hers
it it itself its -----
we us ourselves our ours
you you yourselves your yours
they them themselves their theirs

Pronombres Indefinidos
everybody nobody somebody anybody
everyone no one someone anyone
everything nothing something anything

Pronombres Relativos
who which that whom whose

Determiners

The Quantifiers&
The Definite Article The Demonstratives
Others
The Indefinite Article The Possessives The Numbers
The Definite Article: The (de / di) el, la, lo, los, las.

The boy - el nio The box - la caja

The boys - los nios The boxes - las cajas
The girl - la nia The beach - la playa
The girls - las nias The beaches - las playas
The bus - el autobs The person - la persona
The buses - los autobuses The people - las personas
The man - el hombre The factory - la fbrica
The men - los hombres The factories - las fbricas
The woman - la mujer The foot - el pie
The women - las mujeres The feet - los pies

Questions

WH - Questions YES/NO - Questions TAG Questions EMBEDDED

WH - QUESTIONS
What ? - Qu? Cul? Cules?
What else? - Qu ms?
Which ? - Qu? Cul? Cules?
How ? - Cmo? Cun?
How else ? - De qu otra manera?
When ? - Cundo?
Where ? - Dnde? Adnde?
Where else ? - Dnde ms?
Why ? - Por qu? Para qu?
Who ? - Quin? Quienes?
Who else? - Quin ms?
Whom ? - A quin? A quines?
Whose ? - De quin? De quines?
How much ? - Cunto/a?
How many ? - Cuntos/as?
How often ? - Con qu frecuencia?
How long ? - Cunto tiempo? Qu longitud?
How long ago? - Hace cunto tiempo?
How old ? - Qu edad? Cun viejo?
How soon ? - Cun pronto?
How big ? - Qu tamao? Cun grande?
How far ? - A qu distancia? Cun
lejos?
How tall ? - Qu estatura? Cun alto?
How deep ? - Qu profundidad?
How early ? - Cun temprano?
How late ? - Cun tarde?
How heavy ? - Qu peso? Cun
pesado?
How thick ? - Qu espesor? Cun
grueso?
What time ? - Qu hora? A qu hora?
What kind ? - Qu clase ? Qu tipo?

Tiempos Verbales

Simple Tenses Progressive Tenses

(1) Present (4) Past Perfect (7) Conditional

What happens? What had happened? What would happen?
(2) Past (5) Future (8) Past Conditional
What happened? What will happen? What would have happened?
(3) Present Perfect (6) Future Perfect (9) Modal Verbs
What has happened? What will have happened? What (can, could...) happen?

What happens ? ----------- Qu pasa

Affirmative-------- V1 V2 V3
Subject + V1
I go to the go went gone
office - Voy a la oficina
You come from
Brazil - Tu vienes de come came come
Brasil
She buys
everything - Ella buy bought bought
compra todo
They live in
Chicago - Ellos viven live lived lived
en Chicago
We work
here - Nosotros work worked worked
trabajamos aqu
Negative----------
Subject + don't/doesn't
+ V1
I don't sell
anything - No vendo sell sold sold
nada
You don't do that
work - T no haces ese do did done
trabajo
He doesn't give the
orders - l no da las give gave given
rdenes
She doesn't visit
anybody - Ella no visita visit visited visited
a nadie
They don't travel
anywhere- Ellos no travel traveled traveled
viajan a ninguna parte
Interrogative-----
Do/does + subject +
V1 ?
Do I bring the
beer ? - Traigo la bring brought brought
cerveza ?
Do you take the
books ? - Llevs los take took taken
libros ?
What does he
say said said
say ? - Qu dice l ?
Does she accept
presents ? Acepta ella accept accepted accepted
regalos ?
Do they believe in
God ? Creen ellos en believe believed believed
Dios ?

Simple Present: To go
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I go I don't go Do I go ?
You go You don't go Do you go ?
He goes He doesn't go Does he go ?
She goes She doesn't go Does she go ?
It goes It doesn't go Does it go ?
We go We don't go Do we go ?
You go You don't go Do you go ?
They go They don't go Do they go ?

To Be: ser o estar To Have: haber o tener

Verbo To Be Verbo To Have

TIEMPOS Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa Forma Interrogativa
Present I am a farmer I have a farm
Past You are tired You have to rest
Present Perfect He/ She/ It is sick He/ She / It has fever
Past Perfect We are musicians We have instruments
Future (will) You are shouting You have to shut up
Fut (be+going
They are rich They have money
to)
Future Perfect Traduccin
Conditional Soy un granjero Tengo una granja
Past
Ests cansado Tens que descansar
Conditional
(//) Est enfermo (//) Tiene fiebre
Somos msicos Tenemos instrumentos
(Uds) estn gritando (Uds) tienen que callarse
Son ricos Tienen dinero

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
abide (abid) abode (abud) abode (abud) soportar
arise (aris) arose (arus) arisen (arsen) sublevarse subir
awake (auik) awoke (auuk) awoke (auuk) despertarse
be am/are/is was/were (us/ur) been (bin) ser o estar
beat (bit) beat (bit) beaten (bten) golpear
become (bicm) became (bikim) become (bicm) convertise en
begin (bigun) began (bign) begun (bign) comenzar
bend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent) doblar
bet (bet) bet (bet) bet (bet) apostar
bind (bind)

Verbos Irregulares

(1) (2) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
bite (bit) bit (bit) bitten (bten) morder
bleed (blid) bled (bled) bled (bled) sangrar
blow (blu) blew (blu) blown (blun) soplar
break (brik) broke (bruk) broken (bruken) romper
breed (brid) bred (bred) bred (bred) criar
bring (bring) brought(brot) brought (brot) traer
build (bild) built (bilt) built (bilt) construir
buy (bi) bought (bot) bought (bot) comprar
catch (ctch) caught(cot) caught (cot) agarrar, coger
choose (chus) chose (chus) chosen (chusen) elegir

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) (3) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
come (cam) came (kim) come (cam) venir
creep (crip) crept (crpt) crept (crpt) arrastrarse
deal (dil) dealt (delt) dealt (delt) tratar
dig (dig) dug (dag) dug (dag) cavar
do (du) did (did) done (doon) hacer
draw (dro) drew (dru) drawn (droon) dibujar, atraer
drink (drink) drank (draank) drunk (drank) beber
drive (driv) drove (druv) driven (drven) conducir
eat (it) ate (it) eaten (ten) comer
fall (fol) fell (fel) fallen (flen) caer

Verbos Irregulares
 (1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (4) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
feed (fid) fed (fed) fed (fed) dar de comer
feel (fil) felt (felt) felt (felt) sentir
fight (fit) fought (fot) fought (fot) pelear
find (find) found (fund) found (fund) encontrar, hallar
flee (fli) fled (fled) fled (fled) huir de
fling (fling) flung (flang) flung (flang) arrojar
fly (fli) flew (flu) flown (flun) volar
forget (forgut) forgot (forgt) forgotten (forgten) olvidar
freeze (fris) froze (frus) frozen (frusen) congelar
get (gut) got (got) got(ten) (gten) conseguir

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (5) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
give (guv) gave (guiv) given (guven) dar
go (gu) went (unt) gone (gn) ir
grind (grind) ground (grund) ground (grund) moler
grow (gru) grew (gru) grown (grun) crecer
hang (jang) hung (jaang) hung (jaang) colgar
have (jav) had (jad) had (jad) tener
hide (jid) hid (jid) hidden (jden) esconder
hit (jit) hit (jit) hit (jit) golpear
hold (juld) held (jeld) held (jeld) sostener asir
keep (kip) kept (kept) kept (kept) guardar, mantener

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (6) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
kneel (nil) knelt (nelt) knelt (nelt) arrodillarse
know (nu) knew (ni) known (nun) saber, conocer
lead (lid) led (led) led (led) guiar
leave (liv) left (left) left (left) dejar irse
lend (lend) lent (lent) lent (lent) prestar
lose (lus) lost (lost) lost (lost) perder
make (mik) made (mid) made (mid) hacer
mean (min) meant (ment) meant (ment) significar
meet (mit) met (met) met (met) encontrarse con
pay (pi) paid (pid) paid (pid) pagar

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) (7) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
put (put) put (put) put (put) poner
read (rid) read (red) read (red) leer
ride (rid) rode (rud) ridden (rden) montar, andar en
ring (ring) rang (raang) rung (rang) sonar
run (ran) ran (raan) run (ran) correr
say (si) said (sed) said (sed) decir
see (si) saw (so) seen (sin) ver
seek (sik) sought (sot) sought (sot) buscar
sell (sel) sold (suld) sold (suld) vender
shake (shik) shook (shuk) shaken (shiken) sacudir

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) (8) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
shine (shin) shone (shun) shone (shun) brillar
shoot (sht) shot (sht) shot (shot) disparar
show (shu) showed (shud) shown (shun) mostrar
shrink (shrink) shrank (shraank) shrunk (shrank) encogerse
sing (sing) sang (sang) sung (saang) cantar
sink (sink) sank (saank) sunk (sank) hundir
sit (sit) sat (sat) sat (sat) sentarse
slay (sli) slew (slu) slain (slin) matar
sleep (slip) slept (slept) slept (slept) dormir
slide (slid) slid (slid) slid (slid) deslizarse

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) (9) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
sling (sling) slung (slang) slung (slaang) tirar arrojar
speak (spik) spoke (spuk) spoken (spuken) hablar
spend (spend) spent (spent) spent (spent) gastar
spin (spin) spun (span) spun (span) hilardar vueltas
ponerse (estar) de
stand (stand) stood (std) stood (std) pie
steal (stil) stole (stul) stolen (stulen) robar
pegar (con cola),
stick (stik) stuck (stak) stuck (stak) meter
sting (sting) stung (stang) stung (stang) picar pinchar
strike (strik) struck (strak) struck (strak) golpear pegar
strive (striv) strove (struv) striven (strven) esforzarse

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) (10) ( 11 )
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
swear (sur) swore (sur) sworn (surn) jurar
sweep (suip) swept (supt) swept (supt) barrer
swell (sul) swelled (suld) swollen (sulen) hinchar
swim (sum) swam (suam) swum (sum) nadar
take (tik) took (tk) taken (tiken) llevar tomar
teach (tich) taught (tot) taught (tot) ensear
tear (ter) tore (tor) torn (torn) desgarrar
tell (tel) told (tuld) told (tuld) decir
think (zink) thought (zot) thought (zot) pensar
thrive (zriv) throve (zruv) thriven (zrven) prosperar

Verbos Irregulares

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) (11)
Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Meanings
throw (zru) threw (zru) thrown (zrun) arrojar
tread (tred) trod (trod) trodden (trden) pisar
understand(-
understood (-std) understood (-std) entender
stand)
wear (wer) wore (wor) worn (worn) usar (ropa)
weave (wv) wove (wov) woven (wven) tejer
weep (wip) wept (wpt) wept (wpt) llorar
win (win) won (won) won (won) ganar
wind (wind) wound (wund) wound (wund) enrollar
wring (ring) wrung (rang) wrung (rang) estrujar
write (rit) wrote (rut) written (rten) escribir

Verbos Modales

Can May Will Shall Must

Could Might Would Should Ought to
p.ej. I can: (puedo/s)

Affirmative: can Negative: can't / cannot Interrogative Can ...?

I can drive
Puedo/s conducir
You can play chess
T puedes/sabes jugar al ajedrez
He can go if he wants
l puede ir si quiere
That can be very difficult
Eso puede ser muy difcil
It can be raining
Puede estar lloviendo
We can do that very easily We can't understand this
Podemos hacer eso muy
facilmente
Anybody can have bad
luck
Cualquiera puede tener mala suerte
The film can be very
boring
El film puede ser muy aburrido
I cannot read
No puedo/s leer
You can't say that
No puedes decir eso
He can't finish this now
l no puede terminar esto ahora
She can't read without
glasses
Ella no puede leer sin anteojos
It cannot be so easy
(algo) No puede ser tan fcil
No podemos entender esto
You can't be so crazy
No puedes estar tan loco
They cannot live here
Ellos no pueden vivir aqu
Can you speak Spanish?
Pods/sabs hablar espaol?
Can you play chess?
Pods/Sabs jugar al ajedrez?
Can we tell you something?
Podemos decirte algo?
Can she go out tonight?
Puede ella salir esta noche?
Can it fly?
(algo)Puede volar?
Can we start tomorrow?
Podemos empezar maana?
Can I be with you?
Puedo estar contigo?
Can they stay with us?
Pueden ellos quedrse con
nosotros?

Affirmative
I
You go
He come
She work
It can live
We speak
You ...
They

Negative
I cannot go
You come
He work
 She
It live
We speak
You can't ...
They

Interrogative
I
you go ?
he come ?
she work ?
Can it live ?
we speak ?
you ...
they

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) ACCOUNT FOR - explicar- 4) ASK AFTER -preguntar por alguien-

2) ADD UP -tener sentido- 5) ASK FOR -preguntar por-
3) ALLOW FOR -tener en cuenta- 6) ASK OUT - invitar a salir-

Ejemplos
1) The storm accounts for the plane crash. 4) Susan is asking after your brother.
2) "I can't understand this. It doesn't add 5) He was very hungry
up". and asked me for something to eat.
3) All good fishermen allow for the 6) John likes Susan. He
posibility of snake bites. will ask her out tonight.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) BACK DOWN - echarse atrs 7) BREAK DOWN - averiarse, descomponerse

2) BACK OUT - romper una promesa 8) BREAK IN(TO) - entrar por la fuerza
3) BACK UP - apoyar 9) BREAK OUT - comenzar (una calamidad)
4) BACK UP - retroceder 10) BREAK UP - romper relaciones
5) BLOW UP - estallar 11) BRING UP - educar, criar
6) BLOW UP - llenar de aire, inflar 12) BRING UP - proponer, traer a colacin

Ejemplos
1) Susan threatened to leave, but later
she backed down and stayed.
2) Bill's father promised to buy him a
bicycle, but he finally backed out of his
promise.
3) If you decide to present that proposal,
I'll back you up .
4) Can you back your car up a little? It's
blocking my driveway !
5) The soldiers blew the bridge up .
Nobody can cross now.
6) Will you help me blow these
balloons up for the party?
Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) CALL OFF - cancelar, suspender
2) CALL ON - visitar, acudir a
3) CALL UP - llamar por telfono
4) CARE FOR - gustar (se usa negando)
5) CARRY ON - continuar , seguir
6) CARRY OUT - llevar a cabo, realizar
7) CATCH UP (WITH) - alcanzar
8) CHECK IN - registrarse ( en hotel , etc)
9) CHECK OUT - investigar
10) CHECK OUT OF - irse ( de un hotel, etc)
Ejemplos
1) The football match was called off due to
11) I came across an old friend yesterday.
the heavy rain.
2) If you have problems with your
homework, you can call on me.
3) Please, call me up when you finish that
report.
4) I really like Brazil, but I
don't care much for its food.
5) Although we are very tired, we
must carry on with this work.
6) The work on the building was carried
out in only two months.
7) Jack had a terrible day yesterday. His
car broke down on his way to work.
8) Burglars broke into Jack's apartment
while he was on vacation.
9) The nation was happy until a terrible
war broke out.
10) Tom got very angry and broke up with
Susan.
11) His parents died, so he was brought
up by his grandfather.
12) A posible solution was brought up in
the last meeting.
11) COME ACROSS - encontrar, toparse con
12) COME ALONG - acompaar
13) COME AWAY / OFF - desprenderse,
soltarse
14) COME DOWN WITH - enfermarse de
15) COME LOOSE - aflojarse
16) COME OVER - venir a la casa de uno
17) COME ROUND / TO - recobrar la
conciencia
18) COUNT ON - contar con , confiar en
19) CUT BACK ON - reducir en consumo de
20) CUT UP - cortar en pedacitos
12) If you want, you can come along with
us.
13) I caught the rope strongly with my
hands, but it came off.
14) Bob didn't come to work today.
He came down with the flu.
15) The rope came loose, so the boat
started to drift away.
16) We are going to have a party at home
tonight. Will you come over?
7) Sally is so intelligent and so fast. It's 17) She fainted, but fortunately she came
really hard to catch up withher. round very quickly.
18) You can count on Jack. He is very
8) He arrived at the hotel and checked in.
honest.
19) You are a little overweight. You
9) I think this information is wrong. Could
should cut back on the amount of fat in
you check it out ?
your meals.
10) He checked out of the hotel because he 20) In order to make this stew, cut up the
didn't like the service. meat first.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) DO AWAY WITH - abolir, eliminar 6) DRAW NEAR - acercarse

2) DO UP - abrochar, atar 7) DRAW UP - redactar
3) HAVE TO DO WITH - tener que ver con 8) DRAW UP - detenerse, pararse
4) DO WITHOUT - arreglrselas sin 9) DROP IN (ON) - dar un visita
5) DRAG ON - ser interminable 10) DROP OUT (OF) - abandonar, dejar de ir a

1) The police are trying to do away
with crime in this city.
2) Bill's mother taught him how to do
up his shoelaces.
3) That story has nothing to do with the
real facts.
4) The refrigerator was empty, so I had
to do without breakfast that day.
5) Time drags on when you are waiting for 10) Many young people are dropping out
something
Ejemplos
6) As summer draws near, people think
about going to the beach.
7) After they had agreed on the terms,
they drew up a contract.
8) Bill drew his car up when he saw
children crossing the street.
9) Next week I will have a lot of free time.
Please, drop inanytime you want.
of school nowadays.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) FACE UP TO - hacer frente a 6) FEEL UP TO - sentirse capaz de

2) FALL BEHIND - quedarse atrs 7) FIGURE OUT - comprender, entender
3) FALL FOR - enamorarse de 8) FILL IN / UP - rellenar (formularios)
4) FALL THROUGH - fracasar (un plan) 9) FILL IN FOR - reemplazar, substituir
5) FEEL LIKE - tener ganas de 10) FIND OUT - averiguar, descubrir
 Ejemplos
1) He had to face up to many problems 6) This is a very difficult task. Do you feel
during his childhood. up to doing it ?
2) John was supposed to finish this work 7) Jane is still trying to figure out how to
today, but he fell behind. solve the math problem.
3) Jack finds Mary to be very attractive. I 8) Your address is missing in the form. Can
think he fell for her. you fill it in, please ?
4) I wanted to go fishing on Sunday, but my 9) The Professor Brown is not coming . Mrs
plans fell through due to the bad weather. Smith will fill in forhim today.
10) The firemen are trying to find out the
5) I don't feel like working today.
cause of the fire.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) GET ALONG (WITH) - llevarse bien (con) 7) GIVE AWAY - regalar

2) GET BY - sobrevivir (financieramente)
3) GET OVER - recuperarse (de algo malo)
4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar
5) GET TOGETHER - reunirse, juntarse
6) GET RID OF - deshacerse de, librarse de
8) GIVE IN - ceder, entregarse
9) GIVE UP - rendirse, darse por vencido
10) GIVE UP - dejar de
11) GO ALONG WITH - estar de acuerdo con
12) GO ON (WITH) - continuar

Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.
2) The whole family had to get by on the
mother's salary.
3) John got over his illness very quickly.
4) Alice won't be able to get through
with her project until next year..
5) The family got together to celebrate
Christmas.
6) Why don't you get rid of these old
magazines?
7) You don't wear those shoes anymore.
Why don't you give themaway?
8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He
will give in at any moment.
9) You are about to finish the race.
Don't give up now!
10) Mary is pregnant. She should give
up smoking.
11) That manager never goes along
with the workers' ideas.
12) We have to go on with this work.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) GET ALONG (WITH) - llevarse bien (con) 7) GIVE AWAY - regalar

2) GET BY - sobrevivir (financieramente) 8) GIVE IN - ceder, entregarse
3) GET OVER - recuperarse (de algo malo) 9) GIVE UP - rendirse, darse por vencido
4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar 10) GIVE UP - dejar de
5) GET TOGETHER - reunirse, juntarse 11) GO ALONG WITH - estar de acuerdo con
6) GET RID OF - deshacerse de, librarse de 12) GO ON (WITH) - continuar

Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.
2) The whole family had to get by on the
mother's salary.
3) John got over his illness very quickly.
4) Alice won't be able to get through
with her project until next year..
5) The family got together to celebrate
Christmas.
6) Why don't you get rid of these old
magazines?
7) You don't wear those shoes anymore.
Why don't you give themaway?
8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He
will give in at any moment.
9) You are about to finish the race.
Don't give up now!
10) Mary is pregnant. She should give
up smoking.
11) That manager never goes along
with the workers' ideas.
12) We have to go on with this work.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) KEEP ON - seguir, continuar 3) KNOCK OUT - dejar sin sentido

2) KEEP UP WITH - mantenerse al nivel de 4) KNOCK OVER - tirar, volcar, atropellar

Ejemplos
1) John will keep on working in that firm for two more years.
2) Laura is so smart and fast. It's really difficult to keep up with her!
3) The old lady knocked the thief out with her umbrella.
4) The car knocked the boy over. Now, he is at the hospital.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

10) LOOK BACK ON - recordar, mirar hacia

1) LAY OFF- despedir
2) LEAVE OUT - omitir, olvidar
3) LET DOWN - decepcionar , defraudar
4) LET IN - dejar entrar
5) LET OUT - dejar salir
atrs
11) LOOK DOWN ON - despreciar,
menospreciar
12) LOOK FOR - buscar
13) LOOK FORWARD TO - esperar con ilusin
14) LOOK INTO - investigar
6) LET OFF - dejar ir (sin castigo) 15) LOOK OUT (FOR) - tener ciudado (de)
16) LOOK UP - buscar (una palabra, direccin
7) LET UP - amainar, disminuir
etc)
8) LIVE UP TO - cumplir con, actuar de acuerdo
17) LOOK UP - visitar
a
9) LOOK AFTER - cuidar 18) LOOK UP TO - respetar, admirar

Ejemplos
1) The company has laid off ten workers
this year.
2) Jack left out his address in the form.
3) I trusted you, but you let me down!
4) Sally is knocking at the door. Let her in!
5) Sally wants to leave. Let her out!
6) The judge felt sorry for the thief
and let him off.
7) The rain started to let up.
8) Everybody thinks Robert is a good
person. He tries to live up to that
reputation.
9) The nanny is looking after the children.
10) Grandparents always look back
on their young days.
11) Jim is so arrogant. He looks down
on everybody less intelligent than him.
12) Tom is looking for a new job.
13) Billy is looking forward to going on
vacation to Europe.
14) I think this report is wrong. Can
you look into it?
15) Be careful !. Look out for snakes in
this area !
16) Edward is looking up a word in the
dictionary.
17) If you come to my city, don't forget
to look me up !
18) He is the smartest in the class.
Everybody looks up to him.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) MAKE FOR - dirigirse a 5) MAKE UP - maquillarse

2) MAKE OFF WITH - robar, marcharse con 6) MAKE UP (WITH) - reconciliarse (con)
3) MAKE OUT - distinguir, descifrar, entender 7) MAKE UP FOR - compensar
4) MAKE UP - inventar, hacer 8) MIX UP - confundir, mezclar

Ejemplos
5) Becky uses red lipstick and pink powder
1) The plane was making for the airport.
to make up her face.
2) The maid made off with some of the 6) Laura and his boyfriend had an argument
china from the dinning room. last night, but theymade up today.
3) The ship was so far from the coast that 7) Bill couldn't visit Mary yesterday. So, he
nobody could make outits nationality. brought her a gift tomake up for it.
4) That writer makes up fantastic stories 8) The teacher mixed me up with so much
about life in the future. information.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) PART WITH - deshacerse de, regalar
2) PASS AWAY - morir
3) PASS OUT - distribuir, repartir
4) PASS OUT - desmayarse
5) PICK ON - molestar - fastidiar
6) PICK OUT - escoger
7) PICK UP- recoger
8) PICK UP - pasar a buscar
9) POINT OUT - indicar
10) PULL DOWN - derribar, demoler
11) PULL OVER - detenerse a un lado de la
calle
12) PULL THROUGH - salir adelante,
recobrarse
13) PUT AWAY - guardar, poner en su lugar
14) PUT BACK - poner donde estaba
15) PUT OFF - posponer
16) PUT ON - ponerse (ropa, joyas etc)
17) PUT OUT - apagar (fuego, luces etc)
18) PUT UP WITH - tolerar, aguantar

Ejemplos
1) These books are occupying too much 10) The construction workers will pull
space. I'll have to part with them. down the old building.
2) My grandfather passed away five years 11) The policeman ordered the speeding
ago. driver to pull over.
3) James was passing out new books to 12) She was in a hard situation, but
everyone in class. somehow she pulled through.
4) Nancy passed out when she heard the 13) The little boy's room is a mess. His
bad news. mother wants him to puthis toys away.
5) Everyone in class picked on the new 14) I took a book from the bookcase, but
student. I put it back at once.
6) Helen likes to pick out the best apples at 15) We'll have to put off our meeting for
the supermarket. the next week.
7) I found a strange coin at the beach and 16) I put on a warm coat because it was
I picked it up. cold outside.
8) Jane is going to the movies. Brian 17) The firemen put out the fire in less than
will pick her up at 7:30 p.m. an hour.
9) The president pointed out the 18) That noise is bothering me. I cannot put
achievements of his goverment. up with it any longer.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) RIP OFF - estafar, cobrar demasiado 4) RUN INTO - encontrarse con

2) RUN ACROSS - encontrarse con 5) RUN OUT OF - quedarse sin
3) RUN AWAY - escapar 6) RUN OVER - atropellar con el auto
 Ejemplos
1) " Don't buy anything in that store. 4) Laura ran into Mary when she was at
They'll rip you off " the supermarket.
2) Jane ran across her old friend from 5) They wanted to go to Europe, but they
school at the supermarket. had run out of money.
3) The thief tried to run away, but the 6) The car ran over the dog that crossed the
police caught him. street.

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) SEE ABOUT - atender a, encargarse de 10) SHOW OFF - fanfarronear, presumir

2) SEND FOR - mandar a buscar
3) SET BACK - retrasar, demorar
4) SET IN - comenzar
5) SET OFF - partir
6) SET OUT - partir
7) SET UP - establecer
8) SETTLE DOWN - establecerce, adaptarse
9) SETTLE UP - pagar lo que se debe
11) SHOW UP - aparecer
12) SHUT UP - callar, silenciar
13) SLIP AWAY - escabullirse
14) STAND FOR - significar, representar
15) STAND OUT - sobresalir, destacarse
16) STAND UP - dejar ( a alguien ) plantado
17) STAND UP FOR - defender (verbalmente) a
18) STAND UP TO - hacer frente a

Ejemplos
1) Let's organize a party! You can see 10) He always tries to impress people
about getting the groceries. by showing off.
2) Billy was feeling sick, so his mother sent 11) We waited for her, but she didn't show
for the doctor. up.
3) The workers' strike set back the
12) Be quiet!... Shut up!
completion of the new building.
4) People start to wear warm clothes when 13) When nobody was watching, he slipped
the winter sets in. away.
5) The boat will set off early in the 14) The letters U. N. stand for United
morning. Nations.
6) All the sailors will set out in that boat 15) That boy is so smart. He always stands
tomorrow. out in class.
16) John waited for Jane, but she didn't
7) That athlete set up a new world record.
come. She stood him up.
8) Brian likes this city. He is trying to settle 17) Everyone criticized her. Nobody stood
down . up for her.
9) He won the lottery and was able to settle 18) You have to be brave. You have
up all his debts. to stand up to that problem.
 Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) TAKE AFTER - parecerse a 11) TRY OUT - probar, poner a prueba

2) TAKE APART- desmontar, desarmar
3) TAKE CARE OF -cuidar
4) TAKE OFF - despegar (un avin)
5) TAKE OFF - quitarse (ropa)
6) TAKE UP - ocupar
7) TALK OVER - discutir
8) THROW AWAY - tirar a la basura
9) THROW UP - vomitar
10) TRY ON - probarse (ropa)
12) TRY OUT FOR - tratar de ingresar a
13) TURN DOWN - rechazar
14) TURN IN - irse a la cama
15) TURN INTO - convertir en
16) TURN ON - prender, encender
17) TURN OFF - apagar
18) TURN OUT TO BE - resultar ser
19) TURN DOWN - bajar el volumen
20) TURN UP - subir el volumen

Ejemplos
1) Mike takes after his father.
2) I have to repair this TV. I have
to take it apart first.
3) The nanny is taking care of the children.
4) The plane is taking off at this moment.
5) His T-shirt was so dirty. He had
to take it off.
6) The old piano takes up too much space.
16) I was bored, so I turned the TV on.
They will move it somewhere else.
7) This subject is important. We
must talk it over.
8) He threw away all the things that he
didn't use.
9) He had drunk so much that he had
to throw up.
10) I like this T-shirt. Can I try it on ?
11) The technicians are trying out the new
car.
12) Tim would like to try out for the
baseball team.
13) Mike asked Jane out, but
she turned him down.
14) I am tired and it is too late. I think
I'll turn in.
15) This sofa turns into a bed.
17) I got tired of watching TV, so
I turned it off.
18) The film seemed good at first, but
it turned out to be very boring.
19) The music is too loud.
Please, turn it down
20) Could you turn the TV up. I can't hear
it

Verbos Frasales

anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente

1) WAIT ON - atender, servir 6) WIPE OUT - destruir completamente

2) WALK OUT ON - abandonar (novio/a) 7) WORK OUT - hacer ejercicio (en un gym)
3) WARM UP - entrar en calor
4) WATCH OUT (FOR) - tener ciudado (de)
5) WEAR OUT - desgastar completamente
Ejemplos
1) The salesgirl is waiting on the customer.
2) Sally is sad because her
boyfriend walked out on her.
3) Runners warm up before starting a race.
4) "If you go into the jungle, watch out
for tigers "
5) I have worn these shoes out. I have to
buy another pair.
Voz Pasiva
Tiempos Simples
Present Past Perfect
Past Future
Present Perfect Modals
Frmula : Subject + (am/are/is) + V3
Sentence
The products are inspected
Workers are replaced by robots
Thieves are arrested
That car is washed very week
He is asked to be quiet
He is told not to make noise
A solution is found
Those houses are painted every year
I am given a good advice
The student is ordered to leave the room Se le ordena al estudiante que salga del aula
The kid is told not to cross the street
I am asked to give a speech
A million copies are sold every year
The suspect is investigated
Bill is asked to pay what he owes
The murderer is sentenced to death
Rules are changed
A skyscraper is built
8) WORK OUT - resolver, elaborar
9) WRITE DOWN - anotar, tomar apuntes
10) WRITE UP - redactar
6) The small town was wiped out by the
tornado.
7) Robert is in good shape because
he works out at the gym everyday.
8) They have many problems in the
company, but they will workthem out.
9) The reporter wrote down everything the
rock star had said.
10) They have reached an agreement and
now they will write upthe contract.
Tiempos Progresivos
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Future Continuous
Translation
Se inspeccionan los productos
Se reemplazan los obreros por robots
Se arresta a los ladornes
Se lava ese auto todas las semanas
Se le pide que est callado
Se le dice que no haga ruido
Se encuentra una solucin
Se pintan esas casas todos los aos
Se me d un buen consejo
Se le dice al nio que no cruce la calle
Se me pide que d un discurso
Se venden un milln de copias todos los
aos
Se investiga al sospechoso
Se le pide a Bill que pague lo que debe
Se sentencia a muerte al asesino
Se cambian las reglas
Se construye un rascacielos
 Conditional Sentences
Type IF clause Main Clause
Type I Present will/ can/ may /must + V1
Type II Past would/ could/ might + V1
Type III Past Perfect would/ could/ might + have V3
Habitual Present Present
Imperativo Present Imperative

Sentence Translation
If he is busy now, I will come back
Si est ocupado ahora, regresar maana
tomorrow
If I have time, I'll visit my parents this Si tengo tiempo, visitar a mis padres esta
afternoon tarde
If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the
Si est caluroso maana, iremos a la playa
beach
If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes Si est fro, debes usar ropa abrigada
If he doesn't do his homework, he can not
Si l no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta
go to the party
If she doesn't call you, you can call her Si ella no te llama, tu puedes llamarla
If you work hard, you may become a Si trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en
millonaire someday un millonario algn da
If you spend more than you earn, you'll Si gastas ms de lo que ganas, te convertirs
become a poor man en un hombre pobre
If they don't invite you, you must not go Si ellos no te invitan, no debes ir
Si no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro
If we don't hurry, we'll miss our bus
autobus
If you pay now, you'll get a discount Si pagas ahora, obtendrs un descuento
If they don't want to go out, they can stay
Si no quieren salir, se pueden quedar en casa
home
If you drink too much, you'll get drunk Si bebes demasiado, te emborrachars
Si te sientes enfermo, debes quedarte en
If you feel sick, you must stay in bed
cama
If they don't come here, we'll have to go
Si ellos no vienen aqu, tendremos que ir all
there

There Be (impersonal)
ver + - ?

Conjugaciones Significado Ejemplos

THERE IS (singular) HAY There is a house
THERE ARE (plural) HAY There are two houses
THERE WAS (s) HUBO, HABA There was a party last night
THERE WERE (p) HUBO, HABA There were many people
THERE HAS BEEN (s) HA HABIDO There has been a hurricane
THERE HAVE BEEN (p) HA HABIDO There have been two hurricanes
THERE HAD BEEN HABA HABIDO There had been many problems
THERE WILL BE HABR There will be a party tonight
THERE IS GOING TO BE (s) VA A HABER There is going to be a celebration
THERE ARE GOING TO BE (p) VA A HABER There are going to be many guests
THERE WAS GOING TO BE (s) IBA A HABER There was going to be a party yesterday
THERE WERE GOING TO BE (p) IBA A HABER There were going to be many guests
THERE WILL HAVE BEEN HABR HABIDO There will have been much money
THERE WOULD BE HABRA There would be an orchestra
THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN HABRA HABIDO There would have been many musicians
THERE CAN BE PUEDE HABER There can be a fire
THERE COULD BE PODRA/ PUDO HABER There could be many injured people
THERE MAY BE PUEDE HABER There may be a storm
THERE MIGHT BE PODRA HABER There might be blackouts
THERE SHOULD BE DEBERA HABER There should be a warning
THERE MUST BE DEBE HABER There must be a way out
THERE HAS TO BE (s) TIENE QUE HABER There has to be a solution
THERE HAVE TO BE (p) TIENE QUE HABER There have to be several solutions
TUVO/ TENA QUE
THERE HAD TO BE HABER
There had to be a cause

PODRA/PUDO HABER
THERE COULD HAVE BEEN HABIDO
There could have been a mistake

PODRA HABER
THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN HABIDO
There might have been an explosion

DEBERA HABER
THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN HABIDO
There should have been warnings

THERE MUST HAVE BEEN DEBE HABER HABIDO There must have been an error
TIENE QUE HABER
THERE HAS TO HAVE BEEN (s) HABIDO There has to have been a reason

THERE HAVE TO HAVE BEEN TIENE QUE HABER

There have to have been many reasons
(p) HABIDO
TUVO/TENA QUE
THERE HAD TO HAVE BEEN HABER HABIDO
There had to have been a purpose

going to (gonna)

Affirmative Traducin
I am going to come tomorrow Voy a venir maana
You are go next week T vas a ir la prxima semana
He is (gonna) bring his sister l va a traer a su hermana
She is take her brother Ella va a llevar a su hermano
It is be very easy Va a ser muy fcil
We are have a party Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta
You are arrive early Ustedes van a llegar temprano
They are leave late Ellos se van a ir tarde

Negative Traduccin
I am not come tomorrow No voy a venir maana
You are not go next week T no vas a ir la prxima semana
He is not bring his sister l no va a traer a su hermana
She is not
going to take her brother Ella no va a llevar a su hermano
It is not be very easy No va a ser muy fcil
We are not (gonna) have a party No vamos a tener una fiesta
You are not arrive early Ustedes no van a llegar temprano
They are not leave late Ellos no se van a ir tarde

Interrogative Traduccin
come tomorrow
?
Am I Voy a venir maana?
go next week ?
Are you Vas a ir la prxima semana?
bring his
Is he l va a traer a su hermana?
Is she
going to sister ? Ella va a llevar a su hermano?
take her brother
Is it Va a ser muy fcil?
(gonna) ?
Are we Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta?
be very easy ?
Are you Ustedes van a llegar temprano?
have a party ?
Are they Ellos se van a ir tarde?
arrive early ?
leave late ?

Ms ejemplos:

I am going to travel to Paris. (voy a viajar a Pars)

I am going to visit my grandmother (voy a visitar a mi abuela)
She is going to make a cake for me (ella va a hacer una torta para mi)
They are not going to remember that (ellos no se van a acordar de eso)
We are not going to go anywhere (nosotros no vamos a ir a ninguna
parte)
Who is going to come today ? (Quin va a venir hoy?)
Are you going to buy a new car? (Vas comprar un nuevo auto?)
Are they going to help you ? (Ellos te van a ayudar?)
What are you going to bring ? (Qu vas a traer?)
When is she going to arrive ? (Cundo va a llegar ella?)

Imperatives
La forma imperativa se usa para dar instrucciones, rdenes, sugerencias,
advertencias y consejos

En forma afirmativa En forma negativa


Come here - Ven aqu
Go there - And all
Open the door - Abr la puerta
Leave me alone - Dejme solo
Turn on the TV - Encend el televisor
Turn off the radio - Apag la radio
Be careful - S cuidadoso
Let me see that - Dejme ver eso
Call me up - Llamme por telfono
Finish that report - Termin ese informe
Sit down - Sentte
Stand up - Levantte
El Let's (let us) se usa para hacer una sugerencia en la cul uno mismo se
incluye
Let's
Let's work - Trabajemos
Let's make a party - Hagamos una fiesta Let's not do that - No hagamos eso
Let's buy some beers - Compremos
algunas cervezas
Let's play basketball - Juguemos al
bsketbol
Let's go to the movies - Vayamos al cine
Let's eat some ice creams - Comamos
algunos helados
Let's take a walk - Tomemos un paseo
Let's consider this problem -
Consideremos este problema
Let's see what we can do - Veamos que
podemos hacer
Let's try to do it - Tratemos de hacerlo
Let's start with this - Comencemos con
esto
Let's finish that - Terminemos eso
Don't cross the street ! - No cruces la
calle!
Don't say that ! - No digas eso!
Don't be so mean ! - No seas tan malo!
Don't fight ! - No peles!
Don't drink so much ! - No tomes tanto!
Don't invite so many people ! - No
invites tantas personas!
Don't make noise ! - No hagas ruido!
Don't interrupt ! - No interrumpas!
Don't drive so fast ! -No conduzcas tan
rpido!
Don't be late ! - No llegues tarde!
Don't come so early ! - No vengas tan
temprano!
Don't buy so many things ! - No
compres tantas cosas!
Let's
Let's not
Let's not hurry - No nos apuremos
Let's not waste time - No desperdiciemos
tiempo
Let's not wait any more - No esperemos
ms
Let's not go so fast - No vayamos tan
rpido
Let's not drink so much - No tomemos
tanto
Let's not talk about that - No hablemos
de eso
Let's not bother them - No los
molestemos
Let's not interrupt - No interrumpamos
Let's not say anything - No digamos nada
Let's not argue again - No discutamos de
nuevo
Let's not be upset about it - No estemos
molestos por ello
 Agreement
Tambin (too) (so) --- Tampoco (either) (neither)
Affirmative (too) (so)
I am hungry, and so are you.
I am hungry, and you are too.
My wife is a lawyer, and so am I.
My wife is a lawyer, and I am too.
She was here yesterday, and so was he.
She was here yesterday, and he was too.
They were working, and so was I.
They were working, and I was too.
I can swim, and so can my brother.
I can swim, and my brother can too.
I could finish on time, and so could my
colleagues.
I could finish on time, and my colleagues
could too.
They might go fishing, and so might we.
They might go fishing, and we might too.
We must work hard, and so must he.
We must work hard, and he must too.
I should study more, and so should you.
I should study more, and you should too.
They will go to the movies, and so will I.
They will go to the movies, and I will too.
I would earn more, and so would my
partner.
I would earn more, and my partner would
too.
Bill is going to rest, and so are his friends. her children.
Bill is going to rest, and his friends are too. Mary is not going to come, and her children
Negative (either) (neither)
I am not tired, and neither are my friends.
I am not tired, and my friends are not either.
My sister is not here, and neither are my
parents.
My sister is not here, and my parents are not
either.
They were not working, and neither was she.
They were not working, and she was not
either.
She was not from Brazil, and neither are
they.
She was not from Brazil, and they are not
either.
I can't play chess, and neither can you.
I can't play chess, and you can't either.
She couldn't see the film, and neither could
I.
She couldn't see the film, and I couldn't
either.
He might not stay longer, and neither might
we.
He might not stay longer, and we might not
either.
We must not be late, and neither must you.
We must not be late, and you must not
either.
I shouldn't drink so much, and neither
should you.
I shouldn't drink so much, and you shouldn't
either.
They won't attend the concert, and neither
will I.
They won't attend the concert, and I won't
either.
We wouldn't work on Sundays, and neither
would she.
We wouldn't work on Sundays, and she
wouldn't either.
Mary is not going to come, and neither are
aren't either.
Jane studies German, and so do I.
Jane studies German, and I do too.
I like to go fishing, and so does my brother.
I like to go fishing, and my brother does
too.
John cleaned the house, and so did his wife. Bill didn't come, and neither did his brother.
John cleaned the house, and his wife did
too.
Jack worked hard, and so did his
colleagues.
Jack worked hard, and his colleagues did
too.
He has lived in this city for years, and so
have we.
He has lived in this city for years, and we
have too.
They have gone on vacation, and so has
their son.
They have gone on vacation, and their son
has too.
I had heard a strange noise, and so had my
friend.
I had heard a strange noise, and my friend
had too.
They have time, and so do I.
They have time, and I do too.
Adjetivos
Susan doesn't know you, and neither do I.
Susan doesn't know you, and I don't either.
I don't like novels, and neither does my
girlfriend.
I don't like novels, and my girlfriend doesn't
either.
Bill didn't come, and his brother didn't
either.
Jack didn't bring anything, and neither did
his sister.
Jack didn't bring anything, and his sister
didn't either.
She has not seen that film yet, and neither
has her boyfriend.
She has not seen that film yet, and her
boyfriend hasn't either.
Billy has not finished his work yet, and
neither have his companions.
Billy has not finished his work yet, and his
companions haven't either.
He hadn't been there, and neither had his
family.
He hadn't been there, and his family hadn't
either.
They don't have money, and neither do we.
They don't have money, and we don't either.

Comparativos
Adjetivos & Adjetivos & Adjetivos &
Contrastes &
Verbos Adverbios Sustantivos
Superlativos

Contrastes
Awake - despierto Asleep - dormido
Beautiful - hermoso Ugly - feo
Big - grande Small - pequeo
Bitter - amargo Sweet - dulce
Black - negro White - blanco
Careful - cuidadoso Careless - descuidado
Dark - oscuro Light - claro
Dead - muerto Alive - vivo
Deep - profundo Shallow - superficial
Difficult - difcil Easy - fcil
Dirty - sucio Clean - limpio
Drunk - borracho Sober - sobrio
Expensive - caro Cheap - barato
Far - lejano Near - cercano
Fast - rpido Slow - lento
Fat - gordo Thin - flaco
Full - lleno Empty - vaco
Glad - contento Sad - triste
Good - bueno Bad - malo
Happy - feliz Sorry - apenado
Hard - duro Soft - blando
Healthy - saludable Sick - enfermo
Heavy - pesado Light - liviano
High - alto Low - bajo
Hot - caliente Cold - fro
Interesting - interesante Boring - aburrido
Late - tarde Early - temprano
Long - largo Short - corto
New - nuevo Old - viejo
On - encendido Off - apagado
Past - pasado Future - futuro
Polite - corts, atento Rude - grosero
Rich - rico Poor - pobre
Right - derecho Left - izquierdo
Right - correcto Wrong - equivocado
Rough - spero Smooth - suave, liso
Safe - seguro Dangerous - peligroso
Same - mismo Different - diferente
Simple - simple Complex - complejo
Single - soltero Married - casado
Straight - derecho Crooked - torcido
Strong - fuerte Weak - dbil
Tall - alto Short - bajo
Thick - grueso Thin - delgado
True - verdadero False - falso
Useful - til Useless - intil
Warm - clido Cool - fresco
Wet - mojado Dry - seco
Wide - ancho Narrow - angosto, estrecho
Young - joven Old - viejo
 Adverbios

Se clasifican en adverbios de:

TIEMPO LUGAR FRECUENCIA MODO GRADO ASERCIN RACIOCINIO

After - despus Never - nunca

Afterwards - despus Newly - recin
Again - otra vez Next - luego
Already - ya No longer - ya no
Always - siempre Now - ahora
As soon as - tan pronto como Now and then - de vez en cuando
At last - al fin Often - a menudo
Before - antes Presently - luego
Early - temprano Seldom - rara vez
Ever - siempre, alguna vez Shortly - en breve
Finally - finalmente Since then - desde entonces
First - primeramente Sometimes - algunas veces
Formerly - anteriormente Soon - pronto
Hereafter - despus Then - entonces
Last - por ltimo Till now - hasta ahora
Lastly - finalmente Today - hoy
Late - tarde Tomorrow - maana
Lately - ltimamente Until now - hasta ahora
Latterly - ltimamente When - cuando
Long - mucho tiempo Yesterday - ayer
Meanwhile - entretanto Yet - todava

Conjunciones

According to - de acuerdo a Namely - a saber

After - despus que
Although - aunque, si bien
And - y
As - cuando, mientras, a medida que, como
As if - como si
As long as - mientras, con tal que
As soon as - en cuanto
Neither... nor - ni... ni
Nevertheless - sin embargo, no obstante
Nor - ni
Notwithstanding - no obstante
Or - o
Or else - sino
Otherwhise - de otra manera, si no
As though - como si Provided - siempre que , con tal de que
As well as - adems de Providing - siempre que , con tal de que
Because - porque Since - puesto que, ya que, desde que
Because of - debido a So as to - para
Before - antes que So as not to - para no
Both...and - tanto...como So that - para que
But - pero Still - sin embargo, no obstante
But - sino Than - que ( en comparaciones )
Either... or - o... o Therefore - por lo tanto
Even though - aunque Though - aunque
Except - excepto, salvo Unless - a menos que
For - porque Until - hasta que
Furthermore - adems Whenever - cada vez que, cuando
However - sin embargo Whereas - siendo que, mientras
If - si Whether - si
In case of - en caso de Whether... or - si... o
In order to - para While - mientrar, mientras que, aunque
Moreover - adems, por otra parte Yet - sin embargo, no obstante

According to (acrding tchu) - de acuerdo a

- Everything was done according to his instructions -- Todo fue hecho de acuerdo a
sus instrucciones
After (fter) - despus que
- He started to eat after he had washed his hands -- Comenz a comer despus de
haberse lavado las manos
- After he had eaten, he went to bed -- Despus de que haba comido, se fue a la cama
Although (oldu) - aunque, si bien - (although = though = even though)
- Although he was not tall, he was excellent at basketball -- Aunque no era alto, era
excelente para el baloncesto
- Although she appears to be happy, she is actually very sad -- Anque parece estar
feliz, est muy triste en realidad
And - y
- Bill buys things and sells them at a higher price -- Bill compra cosas y las vende a un
precio ms alto
As - cuando, mientras, a medida que, como
- As the two boys walked down the street, they found a wallet -- Mientras los dos
chicos caminaban por la calle, encontraron una billetera
- As winter approaches, the temperature gets colder and colder -- A medida que se
aproxima el invierno, la temperatura se pone cada vs ms fra
- As she entered the restaurant, she saw us -- Cuando entr al restaurant, ella nos vi
- She acted as a crazy woman -- Ella actuaba como una loca
- He is not as intelligent as they think -- l no es tan inteligente como ellos piensan
As if - como si - (as if = as though)
- He acts as if he were rich -- l acta como si fuera rico
- They treat me as if they didn't know me -- Me tratan como si no me conocieran
- Bill started to shop as if he had won the lottery -- Bill comenz comprar como si
hubiera ganado la lotera
- They looked as if they hadn't slept for days -- Se vean como si no hubieran dormido
desde hace das
As long as (as lng as) - mientras, siempre que
- You can stay here as long as you work hard -- Te puedes quedar aqu mientras
trabajes duro
- I will live in this city as long as I can -- Vivir en esta ciudad mientras pueda
- Nobody will know about this secret as long as you keep mum -- Nadie sabr de este
secreto mientras mantengas la boca cerrada
As soon as (as sn as) - en cuanto, tan pronto como
-- I will do this work as soon as I can -- Har con este trabajo tan pronto como pueda
-- She started to work as soon as she graduated from the university -- Comenz a
trabajar tan pronto como se gradu de la universidad
As though (as du) - como si - (as if = as though)
Ver " As if "
As well as - adems de
- My sister as well as John will go to the movies tomorrow -- Mi hermana, as como
John, irn al cine maana
- She is intelligent as well as kind -- Ella es inteligente adems de amable
- She works as well as she studies -- Ella trabaja adems de estudiar
Because (bics) - porque
- I don't want to go out because it is too cold -- No quiero salir porque est demasiado
fro
Because of - debido a
- They stayed in because of the bad weather -- Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal
tiempo
- She can not play sports because of her illness -- Ella no puede practicar deportes
debido a su enfermedad
Before (bifr) - antes que
- Billy washed his hands before he started to eat -- Billy se lav sus manos antes de
empezar a comer
- He had trained for years before he decided to box professionally -- l haba
entrenado durante aos antes de decidirse a boxear profesionalmente
Both...and (buz...nd) - tanto...como
- He speaks both softly and clearly -- l habla tanto suavemente como claramente
- She plays both the piano and the harp -- Ella toca tanto el piano como el harpa
But - pero
- He spoke clearly, but I didn't understand him -- Habl claramente pero no lo entend
- She saw me, but she didn't recognize me -- Me vi pero no me reconoci
But - sino
- She is not from Argentina but from Brazil -- Ella no es de Argentina sino de Brazil
- He didn't work but he rested all day -- No trabaj sino que descanz todo el da
Either... or (der...or) - o... o
- Either start to work or quit this business -- O empezs a trajar o dejs este negocio
- He must be either very brave or very crazy -- l debe ser o muy valiente o muy loco
- You should either work or study -- T deberas, o trabajar, o estudiar
Even though (ven du) - aunque (although = though = even though)
- ver although
Except (excpt) - excepto, salvo
- They would go to Europe, except they have to go to Japan -- Iran a Europa salvo
que tengan que ir a Japn
For - porque
- We'll have to stay home, for it is raining outside -- Tendremos que quedarnos en casa
porque est lloviendo afuera
- He didn't greet her, for he was very angry -- l no la salud porque estaba muy
enojado
- She turned on the lights, for she was afraid of the dark -- Encendi las luces porque
tena miedo a la oscuridad
Furthermore (ferdermr) - adems - (furthermore = moreover)
- She doesn't want to study , and furthermore she doesn't want to work either -- Ella
no quiere estudiar y, adems, tampoco quiere trabajar
- He was a bad person, and furthermore he was very proud of that -- l era una mala
persona y, adems, estaba muy orgulloso de eso
However (jaover) - sin embargo - (however = nevertheless =
notwithstanding)
- They were not having fun, however they stayed all night -- Ellos no se estaban
divirtiendo, sin embargo, se quedaron toda la noche
- He didn't study much, however he got good grades -- l no estudiaba mucho, sin
embargo, obtena buenas notas
If - si
- If you drink too much, you'll get drunk -- Si bebes demasiado, te emborrachars
- If you spend more than you earn, you'll become a poor man -- Si gastas ms de lo
que ganas, te convertirs en un hombre pobre
- If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this -- Si l estuviese en mi lugar, no hara
esto
In case (of) (in kis ov) - en caso (de)
- Break the window in case of emergency -- Romper la ventana en caso de emergencia
- Call this number in case you get lost -- Llam a este nmero en caso de que te pierdas
In order to - para
- They left early in order to arrive on time for the movie -- Ellos salieron temprano
para llegar a tiempo para la pelcula
- We are working harder in order to earn more money -- Estamos trabajando ms
duro para ganar ms dinero
Moreover (moruver) - adems, por otra parte - (furthermore = moreover)
ver furthermore
Namely (nimli) - a saber
- There were two people in the house, namely Tom and Mary -- Haba dos personas
en la casa, a saber Tom y Mary
Neither... nor (nder..or) - ni... ni
- I want neither to work nor to study -- No quiero ni trabajar ni estudiar
- She drinks neither wine nor beer -- Ella no toma ni vino ni cerveza
- Neither Susan nor Bill wants to see that film -- Ni Susan ni Bill quieren ver esa
pelcula
Nevertheless (nverdils) - sin embargo, no obstante - (however = nevertheless
= notwithstanding)
- Ver however
Nor - ni
-- Bill didn't come today, nor will he come tomorrow -- Bill no vino hoy; ni (tampoco)
vendr maana
Notwithstanding (ntwidstnding) - no obstante
- Ver however
Or - o
- He never works. He is always sleeping or watching TV -- l nunca trabaja. Siempre
est durmiendo o mirando TV
- With all that money, they could buy a new house or travel around the world -- Con
todo ese dinero, ellos podran comprar una nueva casa o viajar alrededor del mundo
Or else (or ls) - sino
- You should study harder, or else you will fail the test -- Deberas estudiar ms duro,
sino reprobars la prueba
- They must leave now, or else they will arrive late -- Ellos deben salir ahora, sino
llegarn tarde
Otherwhise (derwis) - de otra manera, si no
- We should finish this now, otherwise we'll have to do it tomorrow -- Deberamos
terminar esto ahora, sino tendremos que hacerlo maana
- Fortunately they left early; otherwise they wouldn't have arrived on time --
Afortunadamente salieron temprano; de otra manera no habran llegado a tiempo
Provided (provided) - siempre que , con tal de que - (provided = providing)
- I will buy the product, provided I can pay for it by credit card - Comprar el
producto, siempre que pueda pagarlo con la tarjeta de crdito
- They will believe you, provided you swear that it is true - Te creern, siempre que
jures que es verdad
Providing (providing) - siempre que , con tal de que - (provided = providing)
- They will go fishing next weekend, providing it doesn't rain -- Ellos irn a pescar el
prximo fin de semana, siempre que no llueva
Since (sns) - puesto que, ya que, desde que
- He didn't understand a word, since he doesn't speak English -- No entendi ni una
palabra puesto que no habla ingls
- Since it was too late, they decided to go to sleep, -- Puesto que era demasiado tarde,
decidieron irse a dormir
- She shouldn't eat so much, since she is a little fat -- No debera comer tanto puesto
que est un poco gorda
So as to - para
- They decided to take a plane so as to travel faster -- Decidieron tomar una avin
para viajar ms rpido
- She paid by cash so as to get a good discount -- Pag en efectivo para obtener un
buen descuento
So as not to - para no
- He took a short nap so as not to be too tired for the party -- El tom una breve siesta
para no estar demasiado cansado para la fiesta
- She wrote down his telephone number so as not to forget it -- Ella anot su nmero
de telfono para no olvidarlo
So that - para que
- You should learn more vocabulary so that you can speak better -- Deberas
aprender ms vocabulario para que puedas hablar mejor
- They decided to save extra money so that they would be able to go on vacation --
Decidieron ahorrar dinero extra para poder ir de vacaciones
- He gave her a present so that she would feel better -- l le di un regalo para que
ella se sienta mejor
Still - sin embargo, no obstante
- Jack didn't study much for the test; still he managed to pass it -- Jack no estudi
mucho para la prueba, no obstante, se las arregl para aprobar
- He can not speak very well; still he understands everyting -- No puede hablar bien,
sin embargo, entiende todo
- They felt very sad; still they forced themselves to smile all the time -- Se sentan
muy tristes, no obstante, se obligaban a si mismos a sonrer todo el tiempo
Than - que ( en comparaciones )
- They started to have more problems than they expected -- Empezaron a tener ms
problemas que lo que esperaban
- She discovered that learning English is more difficult than she thought -- Ella
descubri que aprender ingls es ms dificil que lo que pens
Therefore (drfr) - por lo tanto
- I didn't have enough time to study for the test and therefore I couldn't pass it -- No
tuve suficiente tiempo para estudiar para la prueba y, por lo tanto, no pude aprobarla
- John left very late and therefore he didn't arrive on time -- John sali muy tarde y,
por lo tanto, no lleg a tiempo
Though (du) - aunque - (although = though = even though)
- ver although
Unless (anls) - a menos que
- You can not drink alcohol here, unless you are an adult -- No puedes beber alcohol
aqu, a menos que seas un adulto
- They won't be able to travel to Europe, unless they have their passports -- No
podrn viajar a Europa, a menos que tengan sus pasaportes
- Unless you can speak English very well, you can not study in an american
university -- A menos que puedas hablar ingls muy bien, no puedes estudiar en una
universidad americana
Until (antl) - hasta que
- They listened in silence until he finished his speech -- Escucharon en silencio hasta
que l termin su discurso
- He looked for his keys until he found them -- Busc sus llaves hasta que las encontr
- Bill can not go out to play soccer until he completes his homework -- Bill no puede
salir a jugar al ftbol hasta que termine su tarea
Whenever (wenver) - cada vez que, cuando
- He goes to the movies whenever he has the time -- l va al cine siempre cada vez que
tiene tiempo
- Whenever they have to work, they feel sick -- Cada vez que tienen que trabajar, se
sienten enfermos
Whereas (uras) - siendo que, mientras
- The weather is very nice here in summer, whereas in winter it is not so good -- El
tiempo es muy lindo aqu en verano, mientras que en invierno no es tan bueno
Whether (wder) - si
- You must tell me whether you will come -- Debes decirme si vendrs
- I don't know whether to buy this computer or not -- No s si comprar esta
computadora o no
Whether... or - si... o
- I don't know whether to take it or leave it -- No s si llevarlo o dejarlo
- She didn't understand whether she had to go or stay -- Ella no entendi si tena que
ir o quedarse
While (wil) - mientrar, mientras que, aunque
- Many things happened here while you were out --Muchas cosas pasaron aqu
mientras t estuviste afuera
- While they didn't know her very well, they invited her to their wedding -- Aunque
no la conocan bien, la invitaron a su boda
Yet (it) - sin embargo, no obstante
- He wanted to reply to that accusation, yet he didn't -- l quera contestar a esa
acusacin, sin embargo no lo hizo

Preposiciones

About - de, sobre, acerca de Into - en, a, dentro

Above - encima de Near - cerca de
Across - al otro lado de, a travs de Next to - al lado de, junto a
After - despus de, detrs de, tras Of - de
Against - contra Off - de, fuera de
Along - a lo largo de On - en, sobre, encima
Amid - entre, en medio de Onto - encima de, sobre, en
Among - entre, en medio de On top of - sobre, encima de
Around - alrededor de Out of - fuera de, sin
Over - sobre, ms de, durante, al otro lado
At - en, a, de
de
Before - delante de, antes de Per - por
Behind - detrs de Round - alrededor de
Below - debajo de Since - desde
Beneath - debajo de Through - A travs de, por
Beside - al lado de Throughout - por todo, durante
Besides - adems de Till - hasta
Between - entre (dos) To - a, hasta, hacia
Beyond - ms all de Toward - hacia
But - menos, salvo, excepto Under - debajo de
By - por, de Underneath - debajo de
Down - por Until - hasta
During - durante Up - arriba de
For - por, para Upon - sobre, encima de
From - de, desde With - con, de
In - en, a, dentro, de Within - dentro de, a menos de
In front of - en frente de Without - sin

About (abut) - de, sobre, acerca de

- We are talking about the film we saw last night -- Estabamos hablando acerca de la
pelcula que vimos anoche
- What was it about ? -- De qu se trataba ?
Above (abv) - encima de
- There was an UFO above the house -- Haba un OVNI encima de la casa
Across (acrs) - al otro lado de, a travs de
- My apartment is across the street from the bank -- Mi departamento est al otro lado
de la calle desde el banco
- We ran across our neighbor's garden -- Corrimos a travs del jardn de nuestro
vecino
After (fter) - despus de, detrs de, tras
- The dog is running after the cat -- El perro est corriendo tras el gato
- It is 5 minutes after 4 o'clock -- Es 5 minutos despus de las 4 (es las cuatro y cinco
minutos)
Against (egunst) - contra, en contra de
- The journalist wrote an article against the goverment -- El periodista escribi un
artculo en contra del gobierno
- The plane crashed against the control tower - El avin se estrell contra la torre de
control
- He placed the ladder against the wall -- l puso la escalera contra la pared
Along (alng) - a lo largo de, por
- There are palm trees along the avenue -- Hay palmeras a lo largo de la avenida
- Many people walk along this corridor every day -- Muchas personas caminan por
este pasillo todos los das
Amid (amd) - entre, en medio de
- He was standing amid the crowd -- El estaba parado en medio de la multitud
Among (amng) - entre, en medio de
- I parked my car among the others -- Estacion mi auto en medio de los otros
- Jesus divided the bread among his disciples -- Jess dividi el pan entre sus
discpulos
- There was a traitor among them -- Haba un traidor entre ellos
Around (arund) - alrededor de
- He is wearing a chain around his neck -- l est usando una cadena alrededor de su
cuello
- A lot of reporters were around the actress -- Muchos reporteros estaban alrededor de
la actriz
At (t) - en, a
- My parents are at work -- Mis padres estn en el trabajo
- We usually get up at 8 o'clock, but on Sundays we get up at noon
-- Generalmente nos levantamos a las 8 pero los domingos nos levantamos al medioda
- She looked at me -- Ella me mir
- He is very good at sports -- l es muy bueno para los deportes
- At night -- Por las noche
- At times -- a veces
- At war -- En guerra
Before (bifr) - delante de, antes de
- The orator stood before the audience - El orador se par delante del auditorio
- Mary left before everyone else -- Mary se fue antes que todos
Behind (bijind) - detrs de
- There is a garden behind the house -- Hay un jardn detrs de la casa
- The boxer in white trunks is three points behind the champion -- El boxeador de
pantalones blancos est a tres puntos detrs del campen
Below (bilu) - bajo, debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)
- She has an apartment below mine -- Ella tiene un departamento debajo del mo
- It is freezing. The temperature is below zero. -- Est helando. La temperatura est
bajo cero
Beneath (binz) - bajo, debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)
- Johnny hid all his toys beneath his bed -- Johnny escondi todos sus juguetes debajo
de su cama
- I was sitting beneath my beach umbrella -- Estaba sentado debajo de mi sombrilla de
playa
Beside (bisid) - al lado de, junto a
- Mary sat beside me -- Mary se sent junto a m
- There is a garden beside the house -- Hay un jardn al lado de la casa
Besides (bisids) - adems de, excepto, aparte de
- There were two people at the house besides her -- Haba dos personas en la casa
adems de ella
- Besides his reputation, he has nothing else left -- Aparte de su reputacin, a l no le
queda nada ms
Between (bitun) - entre (solo referido a dos entidades)
- There are no secrets between you and me -- No hay secretos entre vos y yo
- I don't eat between meals -- No como entre las comidas
- There is a great distance between the two cities -- Hay una gran distacia entre las dos
ciudades
Beyond (bi nd) - ms all de, fuera de
- There is a river beyond those mountains -- Hay un ro ms all de esas montaas
- This problem is beyond my capacity. I can not understand it -- Este problema est
fuera de mi capacidad. No lo puedo entender
- Beyond doubt -- Fuera de toda duda
But (bat) - menos, salvo, excepto
- They work every day but Sunday -- Ellos trabajan todos los das salvo el domingo
- We eat any food but meat -- Comemos cualquier alimento excepto carne
- Anyone but her can go -- Cualquiera, excepto ella, puede ir
By (bi) - por, de, cerca
- This film was directed by Spielberg -- Este film was directed by Spielberg
-- I came by (train/car/bus...) -- Vine en (tren/auto/autobs...)
- I live by the river -- Vivo cerca del ro
- They will be here by 5 o'clock PM -- Estarn aqu cerca de las cinco de la tarde
- An even number can be divided by two -- Un nmero par puede dividirse por dos
Down (dun) - por
-- I was walking down the street when I saw the accident -- Estaba caminando por la
calle cuando v el accidente
During (diring) - durante
- The flowers blossom during the spring -- Las flores florecen durante la primavera
- He slept during all the class -- l durmi durante toda la clase
For (for) - por, para, a favor
- I have lived here for many years -- He vivido aqu desde hace (por) muchos aos
- This present is for us -- Es regalo es para nosotros
- They left for Chicago -- Ellos salieron para chicago
- She went for a walk -- Ella fue por una caminata
- Are you for or against that proposal ? -- Ests a favor o en contra de esa
propuesta ?
- We walked for five miles that day -- Caminamos 5 millas ese da
- What for ? -- Para qu ?
From (from) - de, desde
- Where are you from ? -- De dnde sos ?
- I received a letter from my sister -- Recib una carta de mi hermana
- That city is far from here -- Esa ciudad est lejos de aqu
- She works from 9 to 5 every day -- Ella trabaja de 9 a 5 todos los das
- They think they are different from the rest -- Ellos piensan que son diferentes del
resto
- I took a bus from Miami to Chicago -- Tom un autobs desde Miami a Chicago
In (in) - en, a, dentro, de
- In here - Aqu adentro
- In there - All adentro
-They will be in Miami in summer -- Estarn en Miami en el verano
- In the (morning/ afternoon/ evening) -- por la maana/tarde/noche
- I will see you in two weeks -- Te ver en dos semanas
In front of (in frnt ov) - en frente de
- My house is in front of the bank -- Mi casa est en frente del banco
Into (ntchu) - en, a, dentro, hacia adentro
- The cook went into the kitchen -- El cocinero fue a la cocina
- He put some vegetables into a pot -- Puso algunas verduras dentro de una olla
Near (ner) - cerca de
- My apartment is near a bank -- Mi departamento est cerca de un banco
Next to (nxt tchu) - al lado de, junto a
- The bank is next to a police station -- El banco est al lado de una comisara
Of (ov) - de
- The cabin is made of wood -- La cabaa est hecha de madera
- He is a friend of mine -- l es un amigo mo
Off (of) - de, fuera de (lo contrario de On)
- I took a book off the shelf -- Saqu un libro del estante (antes estaba on = sobre the
shelf)
- He took off his coat -- l se sac su saco (antes su saco estaba on = puesto)
- The boat is 3 miles off the coast -- El barco est a 3 millas en frente de la costa
- They turned off the TV -- Ellos apagaron la TV (antes estaba on = encendido)
On - en, sobre, encima
- On the bed -- En la cama
- On the wall -- En la pared
- On foot -- A pie
- On the telephone -- Al telfono
- On the left/right -- A la izquierda/derecha
- On Monday/Tuesday... -- El lunes/martes...
- On the radio. On TV -- En la radio . En la TV
- On vacation -- De vacaciones
- She put her coat on -- Ella se puso su saco (antes estaba off)
- I turned on the lights -- Encend las luces (antes estaban off)
Onto (ntu) - encima de, sobre, en
- The soccer players walked onto the field -- Los futbolistas entraron al campo de
juego
On top of (on tp ov) - sobre, encima de
- He was standing on top of a roof -- Estaba parado en el techo
Out of (ut ov) - fuera de, sin
- He came out of the bathroom -- l sali del bao
- He took a rabbit out of his hat -- Sac un conejo de su galera
- We are out of money -- Estamos sin dinero
Over (uver) - sobre, ms de, durante, al otro lado de
- The plane was flying over the city -- El avin estaba volando sobre la ciudad
- She is over 30 years old -- Ella tiene ms de 30 aos
- Bill will not work over the next month -- Bill no trabajar durante el mes prximo
- The dog jumped over the fence and ran away -- El perro salt la cerca y huy
Per (per) - por
- That model charges 1000 dollars per hour -- Esa modelo cobra 1000 dlares por hora
Round (rund) - alrededor de
- The shop is just round the corner -- El negocio est justo a la vuelta de la esquina
- The family sat round the table -- La familia se sent alrededor de la mesa
Since (sns) - desde
- Susan has been studying since 3 o'clock-- Susan ha estado estudiando desde las 3
- The champion has practiced this sport since he was a little boy -- El campen ha
practicado este deporte desde que era un muchachito
Through (zr) - A travs de, por, por medio de
- I was able to see a house through the fog -- Pude ver una casa a travs de la neblina
- They ran through the forest -- Corrieron a travs del bosque
- I learned about his divorce through the newspaper -- Me enter de su divorcio por
medio del diario
Throughout (zru ut) - por todo, durante todo
- It was raining throughout the country -- Estaba lloviendo por todo el pas
- It rained throughout the winter -- Llovi durante todo el invierno
Till (til) = hasta = Until
(ver until)
To (tchu) - a, hasta, hacia
- I want to give something to her -- Quiero darle algo a ella
- They turned to the left and went straight to the university -- Doblaron a la izquierda
y fueron derecho a la universidad
Toward (tuard) - hacia - (tambin se escribe Towards)
- A storm is going toward the city -- Una tormenta est yendo hacia la ciudad
- Billy started to run toward his mother -- Biilly comenz a correr hacia su madre
- We were all very hungry toward noon -- Estbamos todos muy habrientos hacia el
medioda
Under (nder) - debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)
- The mouse went under the bed -- El ratn se meti debajo de la cama
- I have a T-shirt under my sweater -- Tengo una remera debajo de mi suter
- He is working under pressure -- l est trabajando bajo presin
- Everything is under control -- Todo est bajo control
Underneath (andernz) - debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)
- There is rust underneath the paint -- Hay xido debajo de la pintura
Until (antl) - hasta
- They played soccer until they got tired -- Jugaron al ftbol hasta que se cansaron
- He studied until midnight -- l estudi hasta la medianoche
- The results will not be given until tomorrow -- Los resultados no sern dados hasta
maana
Up (ap) - hacia arriba de
- He climbed up the mountain -- l trep la montaa
- They went up the stairs -- Subieron las escaleras
- Go up this road until you see a big house -- And por este camino hasta que veas un
gran casa
Upon (apn) - sobre, encima de
- He threw himself upon the floor -- Se tir al piso
- She sat upon the bench -- Se sent en el banco
- The engineers put their attention upon the new machine -- Los ingenieros pusieron
su atencin en la nueva mquina
With (widz) - con, de
- Will you come with me ? -- Vendrs conmigo?
- She went to the party with all her friends -- Se fue a la fiesta con todos sus amigos
- The girl with green eyes -- La chica de ojos verdes
Within (widn) - dentro de, a menos de
- The show will start within an hour -- El show comenzar dentro de una hora
- There is a gas station within two miles from here -- Hay una estacin de servicio a
menos de dos millas de aqu
- That is not within our reach -- Eso no est dentro de nuestro alcance
Without (widut) - sin
- I want coffee without sugar -- Quiero caf sin azcar
- He crossed the street without paying attention -- Cruz la calle sin poner atencin

Terminaciones

Verbos terminados en... Ver Sustantivos Ver Adjetivos

ate ize ish ore oy est ess ute ose ede eve ect ase ive ist en fer fy
ine rm ort pt it ude end ent ain are ade ume ult ly ict ire use

Verbo Sustantivo
abominate - (abminit) abomination
accelerate - (akslerit) acceleration
accomodate - (acmodit) alojar accomodation
accumulate - (akimulit) accumulation
activate - (ktivit) activity
adulterate - (adlterit) adulteration
advocate - (dvokit) - abogar por advocacy
aggravate - (gravit) aggravation
agitate - (yitit) agitation
alienate - (ilienit) alienation
allocate - (lokit) asignar allocation
alternate - (lternit) alternation
amalgamate - (amlgamit) amalgamation
amputate - (mpiutit) amputation
animate - (nimit) animation
annihilate - (anielit) annihilation
anticipate - (antcipit) anticipation
appreciate - (aprsiit) appreciation
appropriate - (aprpriit) appropriation
articulate - (artkiulit) articulation
assassinate - (assinit) assassination
associate - (asusiit) association
calculate - (clkiulit) calculation
celebrate - (clebrit) celebration
circulate - (srkiulit) circulation
commemorate - (commorit) commemoration
communicate - (cominikit) communication
compensate - (cmpensit) compensation
complicate - (cmplikit) complication
concentrate - (cncentrit) concentration
conciliate - (consliit) conciliation
confiscate - (cnfiskit) confiscation
conglomerate - (conglmerit) conglomeration
congratulate - (congrtiulit) congratulations
congregate - (cngreguit) congregation
consolidate - (conslidit) consolidation
contaminate - (contminit) contamination
contemplate - (cntemplit) contemplation
cooperate - (coperit) cooperation
coordinate - (cordinit) coordination
correlate - (crrelit) coorelation
corroborate - (corrborit) corroboration
create - (criit) creation
culminate - (clminit) culmination
cultivate - (cltivit) cultivation
debate - (dibit) debate
decorate - (dcorit) decoration
dedicate - (ddicate) dedication
deflate - (dflit) - desinflar deflation
degenerate - (deynerit) degeneration
delegate - (dleguit) delegation
deliberate - (delberit) deliberation
demonstrate - (dmonstrit) demonstration
denigrate - (dnigrit) denigration
designate - (dsignit) designation
deteriorate - (detriorit) deterioration
detonate - (dtonit) detonation
devastate - (dvastit) devastation
deviate - (dviit) - desviarse deviation
dictate - (dctit) dictation
differentiate - (difernshiit) differentiation
discriminate - (discrminit) discrimination
dislocate - (dsloukit) dislocation
disseminate - (disminit) dissemination
dissipate - (dsipit) dissipation
dissociate - (disushiit) dissociation
domesticate - (domstikit) domestication
dominate - (dminit) domination
donate - (dunit) donation
duplicate - (dplikit) duplication
educate - (dchukit) education
elaborate - (elborit) elaboration
elevate - (levit) elevation
eliminate - (elminit) elimination
elongate - (longuit) elongation
elucidate - (elcidit) elucidation
emanate - (manit) emanation
emancipate - (imncipit) emancipation
emigrate - (migrit) emigration
enunciate - (innciit) enunciation
equate - (kuit) - equiparar equation
eradicate - (errdikit) erradication
escalate - (scalit) - intensificarse escalation
estimate - (stimit) estimation
evacuate - (ivkiuit) evacuation
evaluate - (evliuit) evaluation
evaporate - () evaporation
exaggerate - () exaggeration
exasperate - () exasperation
excavate - () excavation
execrate - () execration
exonerate - () exoneration
exterminate - () extermination
extortionate - () extortion
facilitate - () facilitation
fascinate - () fascination
fluctuate - () fluctuation
formulate - () formulation
frustate - () frustration
germinate - () germination
gesticulate - () gesticulation
graduate - () graduation
hesitate - () hesitation
humiliate - () humiliation
illustrate - () illustration
imitate - () imitation
impersonate - () impersonation
implicate - () implication
incarnate - () incarnation
incinerate - () incineration
incorporate - () incorporation
incriminate - () incrimination
indicate - () indication
infiltrate - () infiltration
inflate - () inflation
initiate - () initiation
insinuate - () insinuation
instigate - () instigation
insulate - () insulation
integrate - () integration
intimidate - () intimidation
intoxicate - () intoxication
invalidate - () invalidation
investigate - () investigation
irrigate - () irrigation
isolate - () isolation
lacerate laceration
legislate legislation
liberate liberation
liquidate liquidation
litigate litigation
locate location
lubricate lubrication
mitigate mitigation
moderate moderation
motivate motivation
mutilate mutilation
narrate narration
navigate navigation
negotiate negotiation
nominate nomination
obliterate obliteration
originate origination
oscillate oscillation
overestimate overestimation
penetrate penetration
perforate perforation
perpetrate perpetration
perpetuate perpetuity
placate placation
postulate postulation
precipitate precipitation
predominate predominance
procrastinate procrastination
radiate radiation
refrigerate refrigeration
rehabilitate rehabilitation
regenerate regeneration
regulate regulation
relate relation
repudiate repudiation
retaliate retaliation
resuscitate resuscitation
reverberate reverberation
rotate rotation
saturate saturation
segregate degregation
separate separation
speculate speculation
stimulate stimulation
stipulate stipulation
suffocate suffocation
tabulate tabulation
tolerate toleration
translate translation
underestimate underestimation
urinate urination
vegetate vegetation
venerate veneration
ventilate ventilation
vibrate vibration
vindicate vindication

Pronunciacin

PGINA 1 PGINA 2 PGINA 3 PGINA 4 PGINA 5 PGINA 6 PGINA 7 PGINA 8

all (ol) todos - ball (bol) pelota - call (col) llamada - fall (fol) cada - hall (jol)
sala - mall (mol) centro comercial - tall(tol) alto - wall (uol) pared -
small (smol) pequeo - stall (stol) puesto de mercado - recall (ricol) recordar -
squall(skuol) rfaga - pitfall (ptfool) riesgo

jaw (yo) mandbula - law (lo) ley - paw (po) pata - raw (ro) crudo - saw (so)
sierra - claw (clo) garra - draw(dro) empate - flaw (flo) defecto - gnaw (no)
roer - thaw (zo) deshielo - straw (stro) pajita - bawl (bol) chillar -
dawn (don) amanecer - hawk (jok) halcn - lawn (lon) csped - pawn (pon)
empear - yawn (ion) bostezo - brawl (brol) pelea - brawn (bron) fuerza
muscular - crawl (crol) gatear - drawl (drol) habla lenta y aburrida - shawl(shol)
chal

clause (clos) clusula, oracin - cause (cos) cause - gauze (gos) gasa -
sauce (sos) salsa - pause (pos) pausa, interrupcin - fauna (fona) fauna -
sauna (sona) sauna - launch (lonch) lanzar, lanzamiento - paunch (ponch)
panza, barriga - haunch (jonch) cadera, anca - fraud (frod) fraude - daub (dob)
embardunar - fault (folt) culpa, defecto - vault (volt) bveda, cripta - haul (jol) tirar,
transportar - flaunt (flont) ostentar, lucir - haunt (jont) guarida - gaunt(gont)
demacrado, flaco - jaunt (yont) excursin

dine (din) cenar - fine (fin) bien, lindo, multa - line (lin) lnea, cola - mine (min)
mina - nine (nin) nueve - pine (pin) pino - wine (uin) vino - brine (brin)
salmuera - shine (shin) brillo, lustre - hide (jid) esconder - ride (rid) paseo -
side (sid) lado - tide (tid) marea - wide (wuid) ancho - bride (brid) novia -
guide (gid) gua - pride (prid) orgullo - knife (nif) cuchillo - life (lif) vida -
wife (wif) esposa - bike (bik) bici - dike (dik) dique - hike (jik) caminata -
like(lik) gustar - mike (mik) micr(fono - pike (pik) pica - bile (bil) bilis -
file (fil) archivo, lima - mile (mil) milla - pile (pil) montn - tile (til) azulejo -
vile (vil) vil - dice (dis) dados - lice (lis) piojos - mice (mis) ratones -
nice (nis) agradable, amable - rice (ris) arroz - vice (vis) vicio - price (pris)
precio - slice (slis) tajada, rebanada, rodaja - spice (spis) especia - dime (dim)
moneda de diez centavos - lime (lim) lima - time (tim) tiempo, vez, poca -
chime (chim) campanada - crime (crim) delito - prime (prim) primero, principal -
pipe (pip) tubo, cao, pipa - ripe (rip) maduro - wipe (wuip) limpiar -
stripe (strip) raya - dire (dir) horrible - fire (fir) fuego, incendio - hire (jir)
contratar - mire (mir) fango, lodo - tire (tir) cansarse - wire (wir) alambre, cable -
bite (bit) morder - kite (kit) cometa - rite (rit) rito - site(sit) sitio - trite (trit)
trivial - write (rit) escribir - dive (div) sumergirse, bucear - five (fiv) cinco -
hive (jiv) colmena - alive (aliv) vivo - drive (driv) conducir

face (fis) cara - lace (lis) encaje, cordn - mace (mis) maza - pace (pis) paso,
ritmo - race (ris) carrera, raza - grace (gris) gracia - place (plis) lugar -
space (spis) espacio - trace (tris) rastro - fade (fid) desteirse - grade(grid)
grado, curso - shade (shid) sombra - spade (spid) pala - trade (trid)
comercio,oficio - safe (sif) seguro, caja fuerte - chafe (chif) rozar, irritar -
cage (kidch) jaula - page (pidch) pgina - rage (ridch) rabia, furia -
sage (sidch) salvia - wage (widch) salario - stage (stidch) etapa, escena -
bake (bik) hornear - cake (kik) torta - fake (fik) falso - hake (jik) merluza -
lake (lik) lago - make (mik) hacer - rake (rik) rastrillo - take (tik) tomar, llevar -
wake (wik) despertar - brake (brik) freno - flake (flik) copo, escama -
quake (kuik) terremoto - shake (shik) sacudir - snake(snik) serpiente -
stake (stik) estaca, apuesta - dale (dil) valle - gale (guil) vendaval - male (mil)
masculino, varn - female (fimil) femenino, hembra - pale (pil) plido - sale (sil)
venta - tale (til) cuento - scale (skil) escala, escama - stale (stil) rancio, pasado -
whale (uil) ballena - fame (fim) fama - game (guim) juego - lame (lim)
rengo - name(nim) nombre - same (sim) mismo - tame (tim) manso -
flame (flim) llama - frame (frim) marco - shame (shim) verguenza, lstima -
cane (kin) caa - lane (lin) callejn, carril - mane (min) crin, melena -
pane (pin) cristal - wane(win) menguar - crane (krin) gra - inane (inin)
necio - plane (plin) avin, plano - cape (kip) capa - gape (guip) mirar
boquiabierto - rape (rip) violacin - tape (tip) cinta - drape (drip) cubrir -
grape (grip) uva - shape (ship) forma- escape (eskip) fuga - base (bis)
base - case (kis) caso, estuche - vase (vis) florero - chase (chis) persecusin -
erase (iris) borrar - phase (fis) fase - phrase (fris) frase - date (dit) fecha,
cita - fate (fit) destino - gate (guit) puerta - hate (jit) odiar - late (lit) tarde,
atrasado - mate (mit) compaero - rate (rit) razn, porcentaje, tarifa - crate(krit)
cajn - grate (grit) rallar - plate (plit) plato, placa - skate (skit) patn -
slate (slit) pizarra - state (stit) estado , declarar - estate (estit) propiedad, finca -
create (kriit) crear - cave (kiv) cueva, caverna - nave (niv) nave - pave(piv)
pavimentar - rave (riv) ponerse furioso - save (siv) salvar, ahorrar, guardar -
wave (wiv) ola, onda - daze (dis) aturdir - gaze (guis) mirada fija - haze (jis)
 - laze (lis) holgazanear - maze (mis) laberinto - raze (ris) arrazar -
neblina
craze (kris) mana

To Do / To Make
Los verbos to do y to make significan "hacer" pero se utilizan en forma
diferente. Aqu hay algunos ejemplos:

Mrs. Jones is a housewife

La seora Jones es una ama de casa
She has to do the housework She has to make the beds
Ella tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa Ella tiene que hacer las camas
She has to do the cooking She has to make breakfast
Ella tiene que cocinar Ella tiene que hacer el desayuno
She has to do the washing up She has to make lunch
Ella tiene que fregar los platos Ella tiene que hacer el almuerzo
She has to do the washing/the laundry She has to make dinner
Ella tiene que lavar la ropa sucia Ella tiene que hacer la cena
She has to do the shopping She has to make coffee/tea
Ella tiene que hacer las compras Ella tiene que hacer caf/t
She has to do the ironing She has to make a cake
Ella tiene que planchar la ropa Ella tiene que hacer un torta
She has to make sure that the house is
She has to do the dusting in order
Ella tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas Ella tiene que asegurarse que la casa est en
orden

Mr. Jones is a businessman

El seor Jones es un empresario
He is doing business with important
companies
l est haciendo negocios con firmas
importantes
He is doing well in his job
Va bien en su trabajo
He does his best to improve his
company
Hace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su
empresa
He is making a lot of money
He would like to make a long
trip/journey
Le gustara hacer un largo viaje
His employees make fun of him
Sus empleados se burlan de l
He has to make a speech for a meeting
Tiene que hacer un discurso para una
reunin
He has to make decisions every day
Tiene que tomar desiciones todos los das
His secretary makes appointments for
Est haciendo un montn de dinero
He is making a fortune
Est haciendo una fortuna
He doesn't like to make mistakes
No le gusta equivocarse
Sometimes he makes a fuss when
something goes wrong
Algunas veces arma un lo cuando algo sale Tambin dice que las mujeres hacen mucho
mal
He rarely makes jokes
Casi nunca hace chistes
He doesn't have much time to make
friends
No tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos
He is making an effort to increase sales
Est haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las
ventas
him
Su secretaria arregla citas para l
She also makes telephone calls and
reservations
Tambin hace llamadas telefnicas y
reservas
He says that his employees make
trouble
l dice que sus empleados causan
problemas
He also says that women make a lot of
noise
ruido
He often makes a fool of himself
A menudo se pone en ridculo
He makes use of his authority to
threaten people
Utiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las
personas
Some of his decisions don't make sense
Algunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido

Otros Ejemplos
John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well) - John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tarea
The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area - El huracn caus mucho dao en la
zona
The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief - El polica estaba
cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrest al ladrn
Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party - Mary se pein, se maquill y
sali para la fiesta
"Can you do me a favor ?"- Me pods hacer un favor?
"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel" - Quiero presentar
una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel
The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car - El
hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto
Johnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto
Bill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigi a la universidad
Jane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculp y se march
"What are you doing here?" - Qu ests haciendo aqu?
 Situaciones

Common Expressions Expresiones comunes

At the Airport En el aeropuerto
At the Hotel En el Hotel
At the Restaurant En el Restaurante
Traveling by Bus (Train) Viajando en Tren
Public Transportation Transporte Pblico
Shopping De compras
At the Post Office En el correo
Speaking on the telephone Hablando por telfono
At the Doctors En el consultorio del doctor
At the Drugstore En la farmacia
At the Bank En el banco
Movies - Theater - Concerts Cine y Teatro