Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 4: The dArsonval meter movement

voltmeter, ammeter, bridges

Engr. Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

https://twitter.com/EEDKFUEIT Learning Management System 10.1.0.6

Slide credits
Slide 4 has figure from Electric circuits by
Nilsson.

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Contents
The dArsonval meter movement
The Ammeter circuit
Example
The voltmeter
Examples
Important points viz ammeter and voltmeter
Measuring resistance | The wheatstone bridge
Assessment problem
Delta to Wye equivalent circuits
Example
Assessment problem
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The dArsonval meter movement
A movable coil is placed in the field of permanent
magnet.
Current in the coil creates torque.
It rotates until it is balanced by restoring spring.
Pointer moves with the coil rotation.
Mostly rated at 50mV @1mA.
Coil resistance is 50 .
With dArsonval meter movement
simple instruments can be designed.
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Ohmmeter
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The Ammeter Circuit
Ammeter measure current.
Should always be connected in series to the measurement
branch.

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The Ammeter Circuit
Ammeter circuit based on dArsonval meter
movement has a current divider circuit.
The resistance RA controls the amount of current
that flows through the meter movement.
RA determines the full scale reading of the ammeter.

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Example 3.4 [4th ed.]
A 50mV,1mA dArsonval movement is to be used in
an ammeter with a full scale reading of 10mA.
Determine RA.
This is a 1mA coil therefore we have to design RA
such that 9mA flows through it.
We also know that when 1mA flows through
dArsonval movement the drop across it must not be
greater than 50mV.

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Example 3.4 [4th ed.]
What if the desired full scale reading is 1A ?
When the full scale deflection of the ammeter is 1A,
RA must carry 999mA.

999x10-3RA=50x10-3
RA=50.05m

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The voltmeter
A voltmeter is used to measure the voltage across an
element.
It is always connected in parallel with the device
under test.
An ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance i.e it acts
as an open circuit.
The series resistance RV is used to limit the voltage
drop across the coil.

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The voltmeter

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Example 3.6 (8th ed.)
A 50mV, 1mA d'Arsonval movement is to be used in
a voltmeter in which the full-scale reading is 150V.
Determine RV.
The dArsonval movement resistance is
R=V/I=50mV/1mA=50
Since the RV and dArsonval resistance are in series
therefore, we can apply VDR to calculate the drop
required for full scale deflection
V2=VSR2/(R1+R2)
V2=50mV, Vs=150V, R2=50
Rv=149950
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Example 3.6 (8th ed.)
Repeat the last example for a full scale deflection of
5V.

50 x10-3=5x50/(Rv+50)

Rv=4950

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Important points viz Ammeter & Voltmeter
In dArsonval movement based meters
Added resistance (RA/RV) determines the range of full
scale reading.
The meters are not ideal !!
The meters contributes in the overall resistance of the
device under test.
The instruments consume power like a parasite.
The more the consumed power the more inaccurate the
measurement is.
A real Ammeter increases the resistance of the
circuit under test.
A real Voltmeter reduces the resistance of the circuit
under test.
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Problem 1.19
0t 4s Y2-y1/x2-x1=y-y1/x-x1

V=2.5t V i=1A ..p=2.5tW

4 t 8s
V=10V i=0A p=0W
8 t 16s
V=-2.5t+30 V i=-1A..
p=2.5t-30W
16 t 20
V=-10V i=0A.. P=0
20 t 36
V=t-30V i=0.4
P=0.4t-12W
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Problem 1.19
Energy is the area under the curve integrated over
time.
So Draw the waveform of power
w(4)=1/2(4)(10)=20J
w(12)=w(4)-1/2(4)(10)=0J
w(36)=w(12)+1/2(4)(10)-
1/2(4)(10)+1/2(6)(2.4)=7.2J
w(50)=w(36)-1/2(4)(3.6)=0J

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