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OBD II diagnostic interface pinout

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OBD stands for on-board diagnostics and
According to 6 reports in
defines the modern fuel managed our database (6 positive
vehicles electronic interface system. and 0 negative) this pinout
16 pin J1962 OBD-2 car should be correct.
proprietary connector
at the car side Is this pinout
correct
incorrect

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OBD II diagnostic interface
visual pinout:

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Is my vehicle equipped with

OBD-2?
On Board Diagnostics, OBD-II, is required on
all automobiles and light trucks in the United
States from 1996 onward. OBD-II is a set of
specifications for monitoring and reporting on
engine performance in modern automobiles.
Diesel (compression ignition) vehicles were
not required to support OBD until 2004. Some
pre-2001 petrol vehicles and pre-2004 diesel
vehicles have a 16-pin connectors but they
may not be OBD-II or EOBD compliant.

Where is an OBD II connector?

Locating your OBD-II connector can be a
difficult task as vehicle manufacturers tend to
hide away the socket. Usually OBD-2
connector is located on the driver's side of
the passenger compartment near the center
console. Sometimes it's located in the driver's
foot well, under the steering wheel, behind
panels in the dashboard fascia and the
central area between the driver's seat and
the passenger seat. Some connectors have

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been located behind ashtrays, under the

passenger seat and even over by the
passengers door.

OBD-2 connector must have pins 4, 5 for

ground connections and pin 16 for 12 volt
power supply from the vehicle battery.

What is OBD DTC?

Prior to OBD, auto manufacturers did not
standardize DTC's (diagnostic trouble code).
OBD-I begins standardized DTC's OBD-II
adds specific tests to determine the vehicles
emission performance OBD-III adds more
features, and is in the regulatory
development phase.

If the vehicle's onboard diagnostic system

detects a malfunction, a DTC corresponding
to the malfunction is stored in the vehicle's
computer, as well as realtime data from the
sensors connected to the on-board computer.
In addition, the OBD-II interface provides a
means to clear the DTC's once maintenance
has been completed. A service technician can
retrieve the DTC, using a scan tool, and take
appropriate action to resolve the malfunction.
Prior to the advent of digital powertrain
control modules, which is the technical
enabler for the OBD feature, repairing a
vehicle relied solely upon the technicians skill
and service literature from the auto
manufacturer.

OBD-II connector specifications

The OBD-II specification provides for a
standartized hardware interface - the female
16-pin (2x8) J1962 connector. Unlike the
OBD-I connector, which was found under the
hood of the vehicle, the OBD-II connector is
located on the driver's side of the passenger
compartment near the center console.

Pin Signal Description

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J1850
2
Bus+
4 CGND GND
5 SGND GND
CAN
6 J-2284
High
ISO
7 9141-2 Tx/Rx
K-LINE
J1850
10
Bus-
CAN
14 J-2284
Low
ISO
15 9141-2 Tx/Rx
L-LINE
Battery
16 +12v
power

There are five protocols in use with the

OBD-II interface, and often it is possible to
make an educated guess about the protocol
in use based on which pins are present on the
J1962 connector:

OBD-2 protocols
SAE J1850 PWM (41.6 kbaud, standard of the
Ford Motor Company)
pin 2: Bus-
pin 10: Bus+
High voltage is +5V
Message length is restricted to 12 bytes,
including CRC Employs a multi-master
arbitration scheme called Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Non-Destructive
Arbitration (CSMA/NDA)

SAE J1850 VPW (Variable Pulse Width)

(10.4/41.6 kbaud, standard of General
Motors)
pin 2: Bus+
Bus idles low
High voltage is +7V
Decision point is +3.5V
Message length is restricted to 12 bytes,
including CRC Employs CSMA/NDA

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ISO 9141-2. This protocol has a data rate of

10.4 kbaud, and is similar to RS-232.
ISO 9141-2 is primarily used in Chrysler,
European, and Asian vehicles.
pin 7: K-line
pin 15: L-line (optional)
UART signaling (though not RS-232 voltage
levels)
K-line idles high
High voltage is Vbatt
Message length is restricted to 12 bytes,
including CRC

ISO 14230 KWP2000 (Keyword Protocol 2000)

used by most European and Asian
manufacturers.
Alfa Romeo, Audi, BMW, Citroen, Fiat, Honda,
Hyundai, Jaguar (X300, XK), Jeep since 2004,
Kia, Land Rover, Mazda, Mercedes,
Mitsubishi, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault, Saab,
Skoda, Subaru, Toyota, Vauxhall, Volkswagen
(VW) since 2001, Volvo to 2004
pin 7: K-line
pin 15: L-line (optional)
Physical layer identical to ISO 9141-2
Data rate 1.2 to 10.4 kbaud
Message may contain up to 255 bytes in the
data field

ISO 15765 CAN (250kbit/sec or 500kbit/sec)

pin 6: CAN High
pin 14: CAN Low
Used in most modern vehicles.

Note that pins 4 (battery ground) and 16

(battery positive) are present in all
configurations. Also, ISO 9141 and ISO 14230
use the same pinout, thus you cannot
distinguish between the two simply by
examining the connector.

OBD-II CAN bus

CAN bus used in Ford, Mazda, Volvo and most
other cars since 2004. The CAN protocol is a
popular standard outside of the automotive
industry and is making significant in-roads

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into the OBD-II market share. By 2008, all

vehicles sold in the US will be required to
implement the CAN bus, thus eliminating the
ambiguity of the existing five signalling
protocols.

The CAN bus is simply a pair of wires, often

twisted around each other, running around
the vehicle and terminated at either end of
the two-wire network with resistors of 120
Ohms. The only components connected to the
CAN bus are the electronic control units
(nodes). Other components, such as sensors,
motors, light bulbs, switches, etc. are wired
only to the electronic control units. Some
vehicles have a CAN bus system along side
the ISO/KWP2000 system. A vehicle which
uses CAN bus for on-board diagnostics can
only respond to an OBD-II request from a
tester which uses CAN bus. From model year
2008 vehicle manufacturers must use the
OBD protocol specified in ISO 15765, also
known as Diagnostics On CAN.

Two wires of CAN bus, CAN-H and CAN-L, will

have the same voltage when idle (about
2.5V), or a voltage difference of 2V when a
signal is placed on the CAN bus. When a
signal is placed on the CAN bus the CAN-H
line is at a higher voltage than the CAN-L line.
Each electronic control unit have its own CAN
identity code, like an address (may respond
to several CAN id codes). If an electronic
control unit is to communicate to another it
will need to know the CAN identity code of
the recipient.

A simple check to see if the CAN bus is in use

in a vehicle, and accessible via the OBD
socket, is to connect a resistance meter
across pin 6 and pin 14. Due to the combined
resistance of the two termination resistors at
120 Ohms each the overall resistance should
be read as 60 Ohms.

OBD-II provides access to numerous data

from the ECU and offers a valuable source of

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information when troubleshooting problems

inside a vehicle. The SAE J1979 standard
defines a method for requesting various
diagnostic data and a list of standard
parameters that might be available from the
ECU. The various parameters that are
available are addressed by parameter
identification numbers or PIDs which are
defined in J1979. For a list of basic PIDs, their
definitions, and the formula to convert raw
OBD-II output to meaningful diagnostic units,
see OBD-II PIDs.

Here are some schemes of

OBD-II diagnostic cables
OBD-II J1850 USB cable scheme
OBD-2 ISO-9141-2, KWP2000 K-Line,
L-Line RS-232 cable
OBD-2 ISO 9141-2 (14230-4, KWP2000)
simple RS-232 cable
OBD-2 universal diagnostic serial cable
scheme for ISO 15765-4 CAN, SAE J1850
PWM, SAE J1850 VPW, ISO 9141-2, ISO
14230-4 and SAE J1939

Source(s) of this and additional information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Board_Diagnostics, including

additional information with links, KBM website
Contributor(s): , Mark du Preez
Last updated 2016-09-30 22:07:48.
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