English Department English 10

Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL

INTEGRATED TOEFL LESSON # 3

Name: (Kul) Chotika Losuwonkul
Score:
I. Vocabulary
A. Adjectives: Use the A-C-G strategies to guess the
meaning of the following underlined words. NO DICTIONARY. You will
discuss the meaning of these words with your teacher.

1. The White Rhino is known for being more sociable and

placid, while the Black Rhinos aggressive attacks have been known
to occur with no apparent provocation.
2. Rhinos make extensive use of their sense of smell to
communicate to and with others that they are present.
3. Rhinoceroses are, generally, solitary animals that
prefer to live an independent life.
4. Females are frequently killed in aggressive attacks
from territorial males and are unable to defend themselves against
the males strength and sheer force.

B. Use one of the underlined adjectives above in a

sentence.
The kid is very aggressive.

II. Reading

Rhinoceroses are, generally, solitary animals that prefer to live an independent life.
White Rhinos tend to be a little more social. However, they all demand their own
territories, particularly the males of the species. In order to ensure that they can secure
their territory, certain behavior has been established. This behavior is sometimes
aggressive, and sometimes displayed merely as a warning.

It is not always clear to researchers and onlookers where exactly the territory of one
rhino ends and the next begins. Territories are marked, or claimed, by the rhinos
spraying urine at regular intervals on the trees and bushes of the area. They will squirt
urine onto a tree, bush or trunk every five to six minutes when establishing their
territory. They will also scatter their dung throughout the region. Rhinos make
extensive use of their sense of smell to communicate to and with others that they are
present. Therefore, when other rhinoceroses enter the territory, they will be aware of
the presence of another animal, implying that the territory is not available for
habitation.

Territorialism among rhinos effectively limits the number of these animals that can
inhabit a specific area. This is becoming increasingly important as habitat loss
becomes more of a threat to the rhinos survival. This is also of vital importance
within a game reserve, where there is limited space available. If rhinoceroses are
1
 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL
forced to co-exist in a space that does not allow for them to establish their
own territories of the size they need, the results have been severe stress, injury
and death, as they fight aggressively to establish dominance.

In order to scare off intruders, rhinos will usually charge at them. Because their
eyesight is not at all good, this is a blind charge and can even lead to them running
straight into a tree or other foliage. When running, a rhino can reach speeds of about
55 kilometres per hour (or around 35 miles per hour). Surprisingly, rhinos can change
direction quickly and deftly, even when running, which is unexpected due to their size
and heftiness. When covering longer distances (chasing another rhino right off their
territory, for example), this animal can maintain a speed of about 30 miles or 50
kilometres per hour.

Certain rhino species are less aggressive than others. The White Rhino is known for
being more sociable and placid, while the Black Rhinos aggressive attacks have been
known to occur with no apparent provocation. Males are certainly more aggressive
than females across all species of rhino. Females are frequently killed in aggressive
attacks from territorial males and are unable to defend themselves against the
males strength and sheer force. However, for the most part, females are
tolerated within a territory that belongs to another rhino. Young bulls only
stand a chance of winning over territory if the original inhabitant is old, weak or
injured in some ways.

The sizes of the rhino territories differ somewhat. A female will require an
area of about three to nine square kilometres, which is equivalent to between
one and four square miles. Males require less room, since they roam in search
of a mate. Therefore, they will only demand a core area of about 0.75 to four square
kilometres (0.3 to just over 1.5 square miles).

A. Determine the characteristics of the rhinos by ticking

the appropriate box.

White Black male female

Rhinos Rhinos Rhinos Rhinos
(extinct)
solitary animals, but
demand territories
/ / / /

highly aggressive
/ /

tolerated within a territory

by another rhino
2
 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL
/
Roam in search of a mate
/

B. Answer the following questions by highlighting the correct answer

1. What does the word intervals in line 8 refer to?
A. distance
B. volume
C. time
D. habit

2. What does they in line 9 refer to?

A. rhinos
B. researchers
C. animals
D. onlookers

3. How big does the female rhinos territory require?

A. 8-10 square kilometers
B. at least five square miles
C. 3-9 square kilometers
D. 4-5 square miles

4. The word intruders in line 23 is closest in meaning to

A. outsiders and onlookers
B. male rhinos
C. friends and enemies
D. humans and other animals

5. It can be inferred from the passage that solitary (Line 1) means

A. alone
B. fierce
C. communal
D. domesticated

6. How do rhinos mark their territories?

A. with footprint
B. with smell
C. with urine
D. with sign

7. The word placid in line 32 is closest in meaning to

A. not friendly
3
 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL
B. easily gets excited
C. calm
D. bad tempered

8. How fast do rhinos run?

A. 50 kilometer/ hour
B. 55 kilometers/ hour
C. 30 miles/ hour
D. 55 meters/ hour

9. How do female rhinos frequently killed?

A. from hunting
B. from running
C. from attacks by male rhinos
D. from accidents caused by their poor eyesight

10. What does this passage mainly discuss about?

A. the mating behaviors of rhinos
B. the territorial behaviors of rhinos
C. how rhinos are killed
D. the extinction of Black Rhinos

III. Structure
Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or
verb + preposition. When these words are combined, the phrase may
represent many meanings. Study the examples below:

1. In order to scare of
intruders, rhinos will usually charge at them.
2. Young bulls only stand
a chance of winning over territory if the original inhabitant is old, weak or
injured in some ways.

A. Use the underlined phrases above in a sentence.

- Scare of : I scare of the fish by touching the tanks glass.
- Winning over : She tries winning over the clothes from the
other shoppers.

Here are some examples of phrasal verbs:

ask someone out - invite on a date
Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
ask around - ask many people the same question
I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to - something equal
Your purchases add up to $205.32.
4
 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL

More: https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-
verbs-list.htm

B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate phrasal verbs.

Use the link above as your reference: B C D E - F

1. My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.

2. You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
3. My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like my
topic.
4. We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
5. His hair started to fall out when he was only 35.