Soil Nailing and Shotccrete Procedure

Company Confidential
TITLE: DIETZEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Soil Nailing and Shotcrete Procedure DOCUMENT NUMBER:
CIV-01-2013-03
BUS. UNIT/SHARED REGION: FUNCTION:
SERVICES: Jakarta
Construction Services
OWNER: APPROVED BY: JOB REVISION BY: REV. DATE: REV. NO: SECTION: Page
Construction Manager Iwan Jimmy 20-Jan-2016 A 2

1.0. INTRODUCTION
Hillslopes can be stabilized using soil nails with guniting. The soil nails are designed to work together with
guniting. They shall be installed together to work effectively, whereby the soil nails reinforces the slope and the
guniting, tied down onto the soil nails holds the surface of the slope, preventing surface failure.

2.0. MATERIAL USED

The material used for the prefabricated horizontal drains include:
Soil Nails:
a) Reinforcement bars, threaded and joint using couplers.
b) 150x150mm MS plate and lock-nut for the head.
c) Non-shrink cement grout (by adding Sika Intraplast-ZTM or equal)
d) PVC spacers
e) Tremie Grout tube polypipe or 1 (removable)

Guniting:
a) Wiremesh
b) Chippings (<10mm) and Sand
c) OPC Cement
d) 50mm PVC pipe, wrapped with geotextile as weepholes

2.1. Material Specification - GROUT

Grout shall be mixed from ordinary Portland cement and clean water supplied from the public mains.
The proportions of grout and the minimum strength of work cubes shall comply with the following requirements:
The quantities of cement in the mix shall be measured by weight. The grout shall be free from
segregation, slumping and bleeding. Grout shall be mixed on site and shall be pumped into its final
position as soon as possible.
Two sets of three test cubes shall be taken for one batch of soil nails grouted for testing purpose. Three
test cubes shall be tested at 7 days and the remaining cubes at 28 days after casting. The characteristic
strength of the grout shall be 21 N/mm2 and 30 N/mm2 at 7 days and 28 days.

2.2 Material Specification Steel Reinforcement Bar / Wiremesh

The main steel component of a soil nail shall consist of a top anchorage and an axial steel component, which are
designed to transmit the pulling and shearing forces derived from the sliding forces along the potential failure
surface to the further ground beyond the failure surface.

Axial steel component consisting of hot rolled deformed high tensile bar with a minimum yield stress of 460
N/mm2. The top segment of the soil nail bar is a threaded bar to receive the lock nuts and bearing plates.

All steel reinforcement bars and BRC delivered to site shall possess a valid mill certificate. Three (3) samples of
rebars shall be sent for tensile testing to confirm the strength.

Company Confidential
TITLE: DIETZEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Soil Nailing and Shotcrete Procedure DOCUMENT NUMBER:
CIV-01-2013-03
BUS. UNIT/SHARED REGION: FUNCTION:
SERVICES: Jakarta
Construction Services
OWNER: APPROVED BY: JOB REVISION BY: REV. DATE: REV. NO: SECTION: Page
Construction Manager Iwan Jimmy 20-Jan-2016 A 3

2.3. Material Specification Shotcrete

Shotcreting or guniting is a versatile building technique. It is applied without forms for horizontal, vertical and
overhead surfaces of free shape in any desired thickness.

Cement used : Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC).

Sand used : Natural sand or crushed stone sand.
Cement : sand: chipping (size 9mm) = 50kg : 165kg : 69kg.

28 days characteristic strength for this mix is 30 N/mm2. The minimum strength for the gunited surface is 25
N/mm2.

Equipment Required:
1. Shotcrete/Gunite machine.
2. Air compressor-Minimum 390 cfm.
3. Water pump-Air / motor driven.
4. Cement Mixer

3.1. CONSTRUCT SCAFFOLDING ON SLOPE

Scaffolding shall be installed safely using GI scaffold pipes of min 2 diameter and secured using an appropriate
clamp. For safety reasons, no tie wires or other methods of securing the GI pipes shall be used except the approved
clamps.

As the slope at Munchys is steep (40-600 to horizontal) and high,proper scaffolding must be used and additional
bracings must be made to ensure its safety. Working platforms shall be installed and all workers must wear safety
belt/harness while working on the scaffolding.

Company Confidential
TITLE: DIETZEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Soil Nailing and Shotcrete Procedure DOCUMENT NUMBER:
CIV-01-2013-03
BUS. UNIT/SHARED REGION: FUNCTION:
SERVICES: Jakarta
Construction Services
OWNER: APPROVED BY: JOB REVISION BY: REV. DATE: REV. NO: SECTION: Page
Construction Manager Iwan Jimmy 20-Jan-2016 A 4

3.2. DRILLING & INSTALLATION SEQUENCES

1. Prior to drilling, the slope shall be cleared of loose material.
2. Survey & mark the location of the soil nails on the slope with a peg or spray paint.
3. Using GI pipes or other appropriate supports, lift and position the drilling rig at the first drill location.
4. Install the drill rod and drill bit and level the machine using an angle level to the required tilt
5. Drilling is done using an air compressor connected to the drill rod and bit. Assemble the air compressor and
suitable air hose to the rig.
6. The air compressor will deliver compressed air to the machine while drilling is done. The drilled soil will be
flushed out of the borehole using the compressed air.
7. Advance the drill bit a little at a time depending on soil hardness. Adjust the air compressor air flow rate to
suit type of soil, whether dry or wet soil accordingly.
8. Upon completion of the borehole, withdraw the rods completely.
9. Insert the prefabricated soil nail rebar into the hole. Ensure spacers are installed on the bars, typically at 2m
c/c. For joints, use an approved coupler to join the rebar.

Fig. 1: Drilling works on a typical slope, showing scaffolding & setup for drilling.

Company Confidential
TITLE: DIETZEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Soil Nailing and Shotcrete Procedure DOCUMENT NUMBER:
CIV-01-2013-03
BUS. UNIT/SHARED REGION: FUNCTION:
SERVICES: Jakarta
Construction Services
OWNER: APPROVED BY: JOB REVISION BY: REV. DATE: REV. NO: SECTION: Page
Construction Manager Iwan Jimmy 20-Jan-2016 A 5

3.3. GROUTING WORKS SEQUENCES

1. During the insertion of the rebar for the soil nail, a tremie pipe is also inserted together till the tip of the
rebar.
2. For grouting works, setup the grouting plant consisting a mixer, tank and diaphragm pump (powered by air
compressor) or piston pump at the base of the slope.
3. Mix the cement according to the grout specification.
4. Filter the mixed cement grout and contain it in a tank.
5. Pump the grout mix using a pump via the tremie pipe into the soil nail.
6. Upon completion of grouting, withdraw the tremie grout pipe.

Fig. 2: Grouting works setup.

Company Confidential
TITLE: DIETZEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Soil Nailing and Shotcrete Procedure DOCUMENT NUMBER:
CIV-01-2013-03
BUS. UNIT/SHARED REGION: FUNCTION:
SERVICES: Jakarta
Construction Services
OWNER: APPROVED BY: JOB REVISION BY: REV. DATE: REV. NO: SECTION: Page
Construction Manager Iwan Jimmy 20-Jan-2016 A 6

3.4. SHOTCRETE WORKS

NORMAL DRY-MIX SHOTCRETE/GUNITE OPERATION
1. Excavate certain depth (if require) and trim face to receive shotcrete/gunite.
2. Install steel mesh held down by short steel rods drilled/ hammered into the slope at approximately 2m c/c.
3. Shotcrete/gunite shall be batched by volume using a wooden box of volume equal to one 50kg bag cement.
4. Mixing shall be by drum mixer for approximately two minutes.
5. Shotcrete/ Gunite shall be conveyed by dry process through hose. Pipes may be used for long conveyance
distance.
6. The nozzle man shall hold the nozzle at a distance of 600 mm to 200 from the shotcrete/ gunite surface.
7. Shotcrete/gunite shall be installed in layer not exceeding 100 mm each and allowed to set before applying
the next layer. The finished surface shall be rough cast natural shotcrete/ gunite finish.
8. Curing shall be by water spray at least once a day for 4 days.

Fig. 3: Guniting operation in progress

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