Designation: D 1557 - 02" Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-Ibf/ft? (2,700 kN-m/m*))* “Ts sad eel rh design D157 se mmr inset fon be enn inden he et of ‘gol pre i he ee often, yx la eon A sambur in pchne sore yao at eapeoal A Sipe pion sos neal ngs sce hla evan aero Nem Pargagh 10353 ws sed esl in November 2005 4, Scope* LL These tes methods cover laboratory compaction meth- ods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of sols (compaction eure) compacted in 4 of Gin. (101.6 oF 152-4 mm) diameter mold with 10-bf. (44.5-N) rammer dropped from a height of 18 in. (457 mm) producing a compactive elfert of $6,000 fibUM (2,700 Amin Nore 1—Solls and sllagpreeso mints shoul, be regan as nul occuring he or couse-prined soil or compos o tes ff natural sol, intr of maul od processed sols oF aguezses Such st, eve, rere ook Nor 2—The euprzat and procedures are the suo as proposed by the US. Cope of Enger in 1945. The odie elo tat (ce 322) te rometnes selene to atthe Modited Proctor Compaton Tet. 1.2 These test methods apply only to sols (materials) that have 30 % or less by mass of their particles retained on the Yorn. (19.0-m) sieve. [Nowe 3 For elaonsip between unit ejghs and water cosets of soils wit 30% or as by weigh of muta retuned on the Yn. ((9.-am) see o unt weighs and wae comets of he fection pus The Yen (19.0) sive, Soe PacceD 18 1.3 Thee alternative methods are provided. The method used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be based on the material gradation, 13. Method A 13.11 Mold—4in, (101.6.mm) diametes 13.1.2 Materiai—Passing No. 4 (4.7S-mm) sieve. 13.13 Layers—Five. 13.14 Blows per layer—25. 13.1.5 Use—May be used if 20 % or less by mass of the material i retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. "Ts andar vse he Justo of ASTM Comes D186 Sl nd oc nt es eon of abconnies DI ado Tmt Paty i Dans Cort Sa ‘Crea an pees Now 10, 2002 Pb Seay 20. Oiny poids D 15535 prea 1553-00. 1.3.1.6 Other Use his method isnot specified, materials. that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Methods B oC. 132 Method Bt 132.1 Mold—4in, (101.6mm) diameter. 132.2 Marerlat—Passing Yin, (9.5mm) sieve. 1323 Layers—Five. 13.24 Blows per layer—25. 4.32.5. Use—Shall be used if more tn 20°% by mass of ‘he material is retained on the No. 4 (475-mm) sieve and 20 % ir less by mass of the material is retsined on the ¥+in, (@5.mm) sieve. 13.2.6 Other Use—If this method isnot specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using. Method C. 133 Method C: 133.1 Mold—6-n, (1524-mum) diameter, 133.2 Material—Passing Yin, (19.0-mm) sieve, 1333 Layers—Five 1334 Blows per layer—S6. 1335 Use—Shall be used if more than 20% by mass of the material retained on the Yin, (9.53-mam) sieve and less than 30% by mass of the material is retained on the Yin. (19.0-mxn) sieve 134 The 6-in.(1524-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method A or B, [ort 4—Results have been found to vary lightly when atrial it tet the same compaative ello ia ein ie mols 1.4 IEthe test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of ‘oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in the test, corrections must be mado 10 the unit Weight and water content of the test specimen or (0 the appropriate field in place density test specimen using Practice Davis, 1.5 This test method will generally produce well defined ‘maximum dry unit weight for non-ftee draining soils. If this test method is used for free draining soils the maximam unit ‘A Summary of Changs ection appears tthe en ofthis standad ‘te ©4504 a1 rn PO Bx, Wt abs PA HR Uanay sxe wall defined, ad canbe est han one eis 23, Tee Met Pepin ans ae obama te ated in SI units are provided for Jan The values ‘iaion oy. £1 Ia de engi ‘interchange neering profession its customary practice iy, wits representing both mass anc for se iaeer calclaions (F= Ma) are invelved, This aeons two separate sytems of wits thats the {eit Gem and the gravimetric sytem. tis sietifally {ee oo combine te use of to separate systems within Me eieed This test method has been writen using mits (gravimetric system) where the pound (bf) eee y anit of force. The use of mass (Ibm) is for see cof units and isnot intended to convey the use is ‘mith correct Conversions are given in the SI system in ‘june with IEEEJASTM SI 10, The use of balances oF gtterding pounds of mass (bm), oF the recording of jy in boat? should not be regarded #s nonconformance this standard 1 this sandard does not purport to address all of the fy concerns, if any associated with its use, It is the Unabilty of the user ofthis standard to establish appro te sfery and health practices and determine the applica of regulatory liitaions prior fo use. teferenced Documents ASTI Standards: 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coase Agrezste® 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Agrees? “22 Text Method for Panicle Size Analysis of Soils? 1653. Temsinology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contuined Fide 98 Tot Method for Labontory Compaction Chaser Ines of Sil Using Standard lot (12,400 eb (600 Ned)? 884 Test Method fr Speci Gravity of Soils? 2168 Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Meshanical-Rammer Soil Compactors "2216 Test Method for Laboratary Determination of Water (Moire) Coneat of Soi and Rock by Mass "2487 Practice for Casifcaton of Soils for Eagineeing Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System? ° 2488 Practice for Design and Tdenifaton of Seis (Visust-Mansal Procedte? "3140 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Ageaces Engaged inthe Testing andor Inspection of Soil and Rock 26 Used in Engnenring Design and Consteveton® "420 Practices for Preserving and. Tanspoting, Soil Samples "4253 Tet Methods for Maxima dex Density of Soils Using» Vibatory Table "18 Pace for Comeation of Unit Weight and Water (oct ator Sey Yl ea as gy D 1880 — Uz Content for Soils Containing Oversize Particles? D753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting and Speci- fying Balances and Seales For Use in Soil, Rock, und Construction Materials Testing? 14914 ‘Tse Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pi? 1D 5030 Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit) 1 Specitiestion for ASTM Trermometers* E'IL Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur- 310 Practice forthe Bvaluation of Single Pan Mechanical ‘Balances? IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International ‘System of Unite (SI): The Modern Metric System 3. Terminology {3.1 Definitions See Terminology D 653 for general defini- sions. 32 Defniions of Terms Specific to This Standard 321 modified effort—the term for the 56000 flit? (2700 kN-mim!) compactive effort applied by the equipment and methods of this test, 3.22 modified maximum cry unit weight, Yanec DUN! m'))—the maximum value defined by the compaction curve for a compaction est using modified efor. 323 modifed optimum water content, w, (%)—the water ‘content at which the sol ean be compacted to the maximum ‘ry unit weight using modified compactive eff. 324 oversize fraction (coarse fraction), P_ (5)—the po tiom of total sample not used in peeorming the compaction test, it may be the portion of total sample retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm), Yin, (95min), of Yin. (19.0-min) sieve. 5325 test fraction (ner fraction), Py (%)—the portion of the toil sample used in performing the compaction test it may ‘oe fraction passing the No. 4 (4.7S-mm) sieve in Method A, minus %-n. (@.5-mm) sieve in Method B, or minus 3%in, (9.0m) sieve in Method €. 4, Summary of Test Method. 4.1 A oil ata solocted water content is placed in ive layers into mald of given dimensions, with each layer compacted by 25 or 56 blows of a 10-If (44.5.N) rammer dropped from a distance of 18-in, (457-mm), subjecting the soil to a total teompactiveeffore of about 56 000 fT (2700 kN) The resulting dy unit weight is determined. The procedue it repeated for a suficient amber of water contents to establish fa relationship between the dry unit weight and the water content for the soil. This data, when ploted, sepresent 2 curvilinear relationship known as the compaction curve. The values of optimum water content and modified maximum dry ‘nit weight ae determined from the compucion carve. 5, Significance and Use 51 Soil placed as enginering fill (embankments, founda- tion pads, road bases) is compacted wo a dense state to obain “tea Boo of AST Sd lO. Anat of AST Saas 2Gp 0108708" satisfactory engineering properties such 2s, shear svength, ‘compress, or permeabliy. Also, foundation soils ae ‘often compacted to improve their engineeiog prope ‘Laboratory compaction tests provide the basi for determining the percent compaction and Water content neeed to achieve the fegurad engineering properties, and for conclling c00- ‘anetion fo aeure thatthe eqguved compaction and water contents ae achieved ‘5.2 During desig of an engineered fil shear, consolidation, pemesiiy or oer tats ruse prpartin of tet spec Tent by compacing at some water costeat to some unit ‘weight It is common proctce to fist determine the Sater content (7) and maximum dry unit Weigh (Youn) bY toeans of couuction 1c. Test specimens ae compacted at ‘elected water content (eter wet ory of opsum (%) ‘rat opium (9), and aa selected dey unit weight elated (0 1 percentage of mahimum ey UNE WE}RAL (gy) ThE seleton of water content (weiter wet or dry of opm (or) at opm (i, and he dry Unit ELPA Can) DAY Bo aged. on pait experience, or a range of values may” be investigated n determine the necessary pecent of compaction, 'S3 Experience indiates thatthe methods outlived in 5.2 ot ‘the construction control aspects discussed in 5. are extemely ‘iia to implement or yield eronenus rel when dealing with some sols. The folowing subsections deste typical problem sol, the problems encountered wen desing with {uch soll and possible solutions for these problems. 15.31 Oversize Fraction Soils containing more than 30 % ‘oversize fraction (material reisiad on the ein. (19mm) sive) ae a probiem. For such soil, there is no ASTM test ‘method to contro her compaction and very Zow laboratories sre equipped to determine she laboratory maximum unit weight (Gensty) of sch ols (USDI Bureau of Reclanuion, Denve, ‘CO and US. Army Corps of Baginoes, Vicksburg, MS). Although Test Methods 4914 and D S030 determine the “eld” dey unt weight of soch soll, thay are dificult and ‘expensive to pefomn. ‘33.11 One mstiod to desig and cont! the compasion of such ols ig toe a tet il fp determine the required degree ‘of compicton andthe method to ebain hat compaction. Then ‘be a method specification to contel the compaction. Compo. ‘eats ofa mst speciation typically conta the type and ‘ze of compaction equpment 10 uso, the Lit thickness, and sumer of passes. Now 5S in erating the compton contol of extvr woke ies when + nnd pecitenton ted i MAY pene pee be gully wd epics of the omer” a “ape” 53.12 Anotir method is to apply the wie of deosiy comction factors developed by the USDI Bureau of Reclama ‘on (12) and US. Corps of Engineers (3). These cozecton factors may te applied for sil cotaniog up to sbout 80 2 ‘70 & oversize rection. Both agencies use a dierent team for here deoiy comection factors, The USDI Bureau of Recls- eee nhen in pote eo ei thee ston wes D rato (or D= VALUE, while he US. Caps of gine ses Density ineterence Coen). 53.13 The we ofthe replacement tecniqu Tet Method 1387-18, Method D), in wich the ovesine fseton ix "place witha ine faction, is inapropiat to determin ie ssa dy ni WIRD Yay of Ss contining oversize Fractions 6). 153.2 Degradoin Soil onsning parses that degrade curing compacion are 2 poblemy especialy when mere degrecaton occurs during laboratory compaction an Bed compton, the pia! exe. Degradation Opiclly occu shsng the compaction ofa grnularsesisal so o sprog, ‘When degradation occ, the mati ary-unie we se Crests (4 spat the vesuling beater maxim ve fs tocrepcsaative of fit conions Often, in ae case tau ry Uni gh imposible to achive te el. ‘532.1 fai or sol subj dezadatin the uo est ft and mated speceatons oy el, Use of pact techies snot cone. 5.33 Gap GrodedGap-sraded soils (cil sonsning sy lage pices ih ited sal pace) a probes Seance Sie compacted sil wil hae lage voids tha weal, “Torin tee Inge vos, standard est etd (aboreary or ld) eprally Rave © Be moliad ung egies Judgement ow 6s galty of te set poited by ty Sande dependent one speeace of the prone pening and he ‘tabi of he equpmant sed ier me. Agen that es he ‘Stare of racize D310 are gee ono ope of opt ‘St eject eng opingnspecontc, Uses of i sel ‘Stn hat omic win Price D340 donot ere ‘eli ress, Ree ress dpe on any fs Pre D380 poset of etoing Some ose ct 6. Apparatus 64 Mold Assendy—The molds shall be eyindicl in ‘made of rigid metal and be within te capacity and imensons indicated in 11 or 61.2 and Fig, 1 and Fi. 2. ‘The walls of the mold may te slid, split, er tapered. The “split” ype, may const of two haltzound sections, or a seecon of pipe split alng one element, which ean be securely locked tgetes to form a clinéer meeting the requirements of this ection. The "tapered" type shall an internal diameter taper {hat uniform and not more than 0-200 (16:7 ma) of ‘mold height. ach mold shal have a base plate and an extension colar assembly, both made of right met and fconsvcted so they can be securely atached and easly ‘ketchod fom the mod. The extension collar assembly salt ‘ve a height extenting above the top of the mold of atleast 20 in, (S038 mam) which may lace an upper section’ hat ‘ars ut to form 2 funnel provided there ie st least a O75: (09.6-mm) straight elineal section teneath it. The. exten- Sion collar shall liga wit the inside ofthe ao, The botam ‘ofthe baseplate and botom of he centrally recessed aea that Aoceps th cynical mold shall be planar: 6.11 Mold, 4 in—A mold having a 4000 + 0.016. (204.6 * 0mm) average inside diameter, abeight of 4.584 © ‘0018 in. (1164 05 am) anda volume of 0833 = 0.0005[Noms 1-8 Table 2 for metre. pvt, [Nora 1--See Tb 2 for mai suivants. G2 Gynctoal Mol, 6m. 1948 = 14 6m), A mold assembly having the minimum ‘red feares is shown in Fig. 1. 6.1.2 Mold, 6 in—A mold having a 6000 + 0,026 in 1524 = 0.7 mm) average inside diameter, a height of 4.584 = ‘Of in (1164 2 0.5 mm), and a volume of 0.75: 0.0009, 12124 = 25 em, A mold aasemly having the minimum sired fetues is shown in Fig. 2. 62 Rammer—A rammes, either ramally operstd as do sited further in 6.2.1 or mechanically operated as deseribed 162.2, The ram shall fal fealy through a gstanee of 18. $008 in, (457-2 + 1.3 mam) from the surface ofthe specizven. “Ye mass ofthe rammoer shall be 10 * 0.02 Ibm (4.54 * 0.01 {except thatthe mass of the mechanical ramamers may be Aisted as deseribed in Test Methods D 2168 (see Note 7). 7e siting face of the raamer shall be planar and eteuar, ‘sept 3 noted in 6.2.2.1, witha diameter when new of 2.000, 0005 in. (50.80 = 0.13 rum). "The rammer shal be replaced [te striking fae becomcs wom or bellied to the extent thet % diamecer exceeds 2.000 * 001 in, (50.80 = 0.25 mm). NOTE 7Je x common and secetse peace i he ine-pond Sone oe mer ew mt ned sing ete logram of pun alan ond ise 10 "er or 04536 or UW ie 0.208 Ten or 0.1020, ABE! Mant Rammer—the ramet shall be equipped ‘aude sleye that he eign clearance thatthe free a fall ofthe rammer shaft and hos is uot restricted. The guide sleeve ahall have at lest four vent holes a each end (eight holes ttl) located with centers 94 = Yin, (18.0 = 1.6 mn) {rom each end and spaced 80° apart. The minions diameter of the vent holes shall be in. (95 mm). Adetional holes or sles ‘may be incorporated in the guide sleeve. 62.2 Mechanical Rammer-Cireular Face—The ramme shall operate mechanically in such & manner as to provide ‘uniform and complete coverage of th specimen surface. There shal be 0.10 = 0.03-in. 25 + 0.8mm) clearance between the fammer and tho inside surface of the mold at its smallest diameter The mechanical rammer shall meet the calibration requirements of Test Method D 2168, The mechanical ramimer Stall be equipped with a positive mechanical means to support the rammer whea notin operation. 62.21 Mechanical Ranmer Sector Face—When wsed with the 60in. (152mm) mold, a sector face rammer may be ‘sed in place ofthe ciculr fac ramaer. The sposimen contact face shall have the shape of a seta of a citle of radius equal 1290 = UG? in. (73.7 + U.S mm), he rammer stall operate in Such a manne tat the venex ofthe sector is pestoned at the center of the specimen. 63 Sample Exruder (optionalJA jack, frame o other device adept forthe purpose of extuding compacted speci- ne Lom the msQy 01957-02" 6A Balance—A class GPS balance meeting the requre- ‘ments of Speifieation D 4753 fora balane of Ig readability. 165 Diying Oven-—Thermestatialy conuolle, preferably of eforcod-draft type and capable of maintaining a uniform temperate of 230 © 9°F (110 = 5°C) throughout the ying chamber. 656 SralghaedgeA stiff meal straight of any conve= isnt length ba notes than 10 ia. Q5é min). The tal length ofthe strightedge shall bo machined seaght to tolerance of £20005 in (£0.1 mm). The scraping edge shall be beveled if is ticker dan 4 in. @ mm), 467 Sieves—M in. (19.0 mm), 34 jn. (85 mm), and No. 4 (4.75 mm), conforming to the equizements of Specification Et 68 Mixing ools—Miscellancous ool such a mixing pan, spoon, rowel, spats, spray bole, ete, oa suable mechanic al device for thoroughly mixing the sample of sol with Increments of wae 7. Calibration 71 efor calibrations befor iil we, aftr reps or coer occurences that might alfet the test results, at imervals ‘not exceeding 1000 tet sposimens, or annually, whichever ‘secur st, fr the following apparatus: “Td Balance—Evaate in accordance with Specification Diss, 7.42. Molde—Deermine the volume as deserted in Anne aL 73 Manual Ronmer-—Veily the free fll istace, ram mer mass, and rammer face in accordance with 6.2. Verity the ‘uid slacve requirements in accordance with 62.1, “714 Mechanical Rammer—Calbrate and adjust he me- chanical rammer in sccordace with Tet Methods D 2168. ln ‘dition, the clearance between the rammer end the inside ‘Surface ofthe mold shall be vee in accordance with 622. 8, Test Sample 81 The required sample mass for Methods A and B is proximately 38 Tbm (16 kg), and for Method C is approx- satly 65 Ibm (29 kg) of dry Sil Therefore, the field simple should ave a moist mass of at least 5D Tb (23 ks) and 100 bm (45 eg), respectively. 182 Deterain te of material by mass retained ‘on the No, 4 (475mm), 3-n. (9.5mm), of Mn. (19.0) ‘siove as appropriate for choosing Method A,B, or C. Make tis svete Regt, in. am), 4 © average top dameie, in. am, 5 average boro diameter, i), “Foe = constant to convert in 1, apd ‘hors = conta to convert ri 16 ce ‘ALS Comparison of Results [AL5.1 The volume obiined by ether metho should be within the volume tolerance roqiemens of 6.1.1 and 6.12. [A152 The diflereac between the wo metus shold not exoznd 0.5 of the nominal volume ofthe mol ‘A153 Repeat the deemination af volume if these ceria ‘AIS. Failure to obain satisfactory agreement between he two methods, even after several til san indiation tat the ‘mold is Bey deformed an shouldbe replaced. 'ALSS Use the volume of the mold determined using the wating mod st the asigad volume vale fr ese Ting the moist and dry density see 114. REFERENCES (0) rt Mal, Ud Se Ben of Reclain, Pat I Ti Efe, 1956p. 255260. (2) bar Mano Vd Stes Boe of Resa: Pat 2, Tek to, 990 (Tae, Vs Deng, RT, “Compe Col of Eh Rack Motes: New Arpoch”Geseclnel Tein ural, HOD, YW 17803, Sepa 1936 pp. TIS (potato AW, nd Sabew. 1, Fass Ifurcing Compacon ‘Rea, gy Ren Bar Bue 316, Peon 987, Nao Aca of Serco No Resnch Cos Wing fen De. 509 (CRC Handost of Cnty on Py, Dai Lie, Eee Ce, 1 on, 195-198py 0 1887-02" SUMMARY OF CHANGES tn accordance with Committee DIB poie, this section identifies the locaton of changes to this standard since the ist edition (2000) tat may impact the use ofthis standard, ) added Practice D740 to Referenced Documents, (G) Revised the numbering of existing notes. 3 Added anew pte onthe use of Practice D 3740 wo Section (4) In Section 6:2 changed the SI ierance for the Height of op ofthe ramet As marl ano nn eapecing ely of ary ptr rh ez in comet ayn ara ‘nha unl Lan esd a one de bat arco ety rym ata aoe ak i rgaront of pe one Ba on eps ‘ni sls se int ay ity fe epee 2 te onde ay nd somo stesoparredermintans, Yar canst Pita tcene tc saasor astra re re tans opty AST maton 120 Hat Oe, PO Bat C7 es Contocan 88288 in Soe naka tre fang or mi) he stor my beta canary ASTM we are uous ovat otoase 00m bony Stouse0806 fo)! covasaariman fala trugy he AST wee ‘mesur=