School of Civil Engineering

University Sains Malaysia

TEST : EAH 225 HYDRAULICS

Date 22 March 2010 time 1 200 to 1 pm

1. Explain each factor in Performance of Pump and discuss about design criteria for pump
Selection.? 4 marks

2. What is duty (operating) point? Use below data and calculate duty point for pump when
the friction factor = 0.05? Assume lift 50 m, length =2000m and diameter -50cm.
9 marks

Total Head 25 45 60 75
(m)
Discharge 1800 1650 1400 750
(lit/min)

3. A simply supported beam of diameter D, length L, and modulus of elasticity E is

subjected to a fluid cross flow of velocity V , density , and viscosity . Its center
deflection is assumed to be a function in dimensionless all these variables. Rewrite this
proposed function in dimensionless form using Buckingham theorem.
7 marks
Solutions

1. Performance of pump is important. Factors influencing the pump performance

include pressure across the pump, volume flow rate, pipeline conditions, type
of pumps, power and efficiency. For pressure across the pump, different
pressure may need different kinds of pump to overcome it since pressure
may make the pump to be broken down. Low pressure at the inlet of the
pump may cause cavitations in the fluid system. The bubbles formed contain
high energy and when it release in the pump, it may disrupt the function of
the pump, thus affecting the pump performance. Volume flow rate is
important to determine performance of the pump. Higher flow rate causes
more power to drive the pump and more power is needed to overcome head
loss.
Pipeline conditions may vary. It will have different roughness which causes
different head loss in the system (friction loss, minor loss). Pump needs more
power to overcome head loss, thus affecting its efficiency and performance.

Power supply to the pump also affecting its performance. Higher power
supply means higher volume discharge until a maximum point.

Design criteria for pump selection.

Pressure must be included in design criteria. Pump which has a low pressure
head may cause cavitations. Cavitations are a process where the bubbles
formed and release its energy in the pump, thus disrupt the pumps function.
Different elevation for the pump and reservoir is another criteria. Pump which
has a higher elevation than the reservoir need extra power for suction of
fluid. Power of the pump is another criteria. Higher power can increase the
volume flow rate and suction of fluid. Volume flow rate may be the criteria
too. Sometimes, a lower volume flow rate is needed rather than the flow rate
of the pump. This may cause throttling problems. Higher head loss will occur
and causes power wastages.
2. Duty (operating) point is the volume flow rate deliver by the pump when the
pump installed into the system. A graph of the total head over discharge can
be plotted and the duty point can be obtained.
True duty point is the point where the system pipeline curve and pump rate
curve cross with each other. True duty point can be defined as the equilibrium
volume flow rate of the system.

Given L = 2000m hs = 50m

d = 50 cm = 0.5m
= 0.05

hf = ..(1)

substitute all values into (1),

hf =

hf =

= 10.194v2 ..(2)
By applying continuity equation,

Q = AV =

V =

V = ..(3)

V2 = ..(4)

Substitute (4) into (2),

hf =

hf = 264.414Q2 ..(5)

By using equation (5),

 Q Q hf Hm
(lit/min) (m3/s)

500 0.0083 0.01 50.01

8 8

1000 0.0157 0.07 50.07

4 4

1500 0.0250 0.16 50.16

5 5

2000 0.0333 0.29 50.29

3 3

2500 0.4167 0.45 50.45

9 9

From the graph plotted,

Ha = 50.20m

Qa = 1580 lit/min = 0.0263 m3/s

Therefore, the duty point is at Ha = 50.20m, Qa = 1580 lit/min or Qa =

0.0263m3/s

The below graph is sample figure

3. = f (D, L, E, V, , )
dimension: f =L
D =L
L =L
E = ML-1T-2
V = LT-1
= ML-3
= ML-1T-1
n =7
j =3
n-j =4
= f (D, L, E, V, , )
L = {L, L, ML-1T-2, LT-1, ML-3, ML-1T-1}
Step (1): `

= f (D, L, , V, )

L = {L, L, L2T-2, LT-1, L2T-1}

Step (2): `v

= f (D, L, , )

L = {L, L, 1, L}
Step (3): `D

=f( , , )

L = {1, 1, 1}

Therefore,

=f( , , )

= D ( , , )

= D ( , ,Re) ; Re =

= D ( , ,Re)
Q3) A simply supported beam of diameter D, length L, and modulus of elasticity E is subjected
to a fluid cross flow of velocity V, density , and viscosity . Its center deflection is assumed to
be a function in dimensionless all these variables. Rewrite this proposed function in
dimensionless form using Buckingham theorem.

Answer:

Choose , V and L as the repeating variables