A

Project

On

NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL

DEVELOPMENT

SUBMITTED BY

PUJA DEVADIGA

Roll No: 20

T.Y.B.B.I. SEMESTER V

PROJECT GUIDE

PROF. MEGHA KHEDEKAR

SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

RAJASTHANI SAMMELANS

Ghanshyamdas Saraf College

Of Arts & Commerce

Affiliated to University of Mumbai

Reaccredited by NAAC with A Grade

S.V. Road, Malad (West)

Mumbai: 400064

A.Y.2016-2017
 A

Project

On

NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL

DEVELOPMENT

SUBMITTED BY

PUJA DEVADIGA

Roll No: 20

T.Y.B.B.I. SEMESTER V

PROJECT GUIDE

PROF. MEGHA KHEDEKAR

SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

RAJASTHANI SAMMELANS

Ghanshyamdas Saraf College

Of Arts & Commerce

Affiliated to University of Mumbai

Reaccredited by NAAC with A Grade

S.V. Road, Malad (West)

Mumbai: 400064
 A.Y.2016-2017

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./Ms PUJA DEVADIGA Roll no: 20 of Third Year B.Com
(Banking & Insurance) Semester-V has successfully completed project on NATIONAL
BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT under the guidance
of Prof. Megha Khedekar in the Academic Year 2016-2017.

Project Guide: Principal:

Date:

External Examiner: College Seal:

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me chance to
do this project.

I would like to thank my Principal Dr Sujata Karmarkar for providing the necessary
facilities required for completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our Chief Coordinator Dr. Lipi Mukherjee and
Course Coordinator Prof. Urvi Jain for their moral support and guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my Project Guide Prof.
Megha Khedekar whose guidance and care made the project successful.

I would like to thank my College Library, for having provided various reference
books and magazines related to my project.
 DECLARATION

I, PUJA DEVADIGA a student of Ghanshyamdas Saraf College of Arts &

Commerce, Malad (West) T.Y.B.Com (Banking & Insurance) SEMESTER - V hereby
declare that I have completed my project on NATIONAL BANK FOR
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT in Academic Year 2016-2017.
This information is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

Date: Signature of Student:

 INDEX

SR.NO TOPICS PAGE.NO

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7-8
1. BANKING IN INDIA
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 HISTORY
1.3 EVOLUTION
1.4 DEFINITION
2. NABARD
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 HISTORY
2.3 EVOLUTION
2.4 FUNCTIONS
2.5 OBJECTIVES
2.6 MAJOR ACTIVITIES
2.7 ROLES
2.8 TYPES OF SERVICES
2.9 TYPES OF PRODUCT
2.10 SET BACKS OF NABARD
2.11 PROMOTIONAL ROLE OF NABARD
2.12 DEVELOPMENT ROLE OF NABARD
2.13 KISAN CREDIT CARD SCHEME
2.14 TYPES OF LOANS
2.15 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
2.16 CONTRIBUTION OF NABARD
2.17 SWOT ANALYSIS

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
SCOPE OF STUDY
DATA COLLECTION
 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
4. ARTICLES

FINDINGS
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

RECOMENDATIONS
Only finance or subsidy cannot be sustainable to achieve result. A loan is not an asset: it is a
liability that must be reimbursed through wise investment, and effective
management. Taking out a loan therefore increases risks, albeit against a reasonable
expectation of profit. Savings on the other hand, are not
a liability; they are an asset. They enable people to withstand unexpected or
even anticipated shocks to their livelihoods, and need not be reimbursed. If,
when they are sufficient, they are applied to productive investment, and
thei n v e s t m e n t f a i l s , t h e h o u s e h o l d i s m o r e l i k e l y t o a b s o r b t h e s h o c k w i
t h o u t f e a r o f desolution.The poverty is never reduced by loaning people
resources that they cannot afford to repay with interest As principal agriculture
development of the country,
NABARDhas to come out with a clear strategy to dovetail its goal with the five-point
programme of action suggested by the National Commission on Farmers(NCF).These are
a programme
of soil health enhancement, promoting water harvesting,conservation,equitabe
use byempowering gram sabhas to function as PaniPanchayats;initiation of
immediate credi

National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development

reforms coupled with credit and insurance literacy with intensive coverage of crops
andlivestocks for insurance coverage with village level farm land as the unit, provision of
farmcredit at 4 percent with firm support from both RBI and government of
India, gender sensitiveness in credit dispensation; bridging the growing gap between
scientific know-howand field do-how for both production and post-harvest phases of
farming;crop-livestock-fishintegrated production system are ideal for small farmers since this
can also facilitate organicfarming;finally,the gap between what the urban consumer pays must
be made as narrow as possible,as has been done in the case of milk under
Dr.VKurien.Additionally,executingitsadvisory role to the Planning Commission of t
he country.
NABARD
should strive for balance measure on import of agricultural crops and dairy
products;and enhance export of fruits and flowers.
NABARD is needed to create a conducive environment and legal framework for the
Microfinance sector to flourish in India to achieve Millenium Development
Goal. Given that the majority of poor people live in rural areas or rely on agriculture, andthat
agriculture paves the way for economic growth in the poorer nations, agricultural
andr u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t w i l l u n d e r l i e p r o g r e s s o n t h e b r o a d a r r a y o f e c o n o
m i c a n d s o c i a l indicators emphasized by the MDGs. The most effective strate
gy for making steady,sustainable progress toward the MDGs is to serve all the
goals in an integrated way.However, each goal will need a well-defined
package of technologies and services for success at the field level.Of the eight
Millennium Development Goals, the first goal is theone whose attainment most
clearly involves the agricultural sector: The poor around theglobe are
disproportionately farmers and herders, and, perversely, the hungry also
mostcommonly find their livelihoods through agriculture. By increasing food
availability
andincomes and contributing to asset diversity and economic growth, higher a
gricultural productivity and supportive pro-poor policies allow people to break out
of the poverty-hunger-malnutrition trap. As the country-
level model simulations revealed, broadbased
108

National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development

agricultural growth is the key for decreasing poverty and increasing growth in Sub-
SaharanAfrica. A global assessment of Target 2 of MDG 1 (halving child malnutrition levels)
showsthat the combination of agricultural and economic growth together with larger
investments insocial sectors, including health and education, can substantially narrow the gap
between the business-as-usual outcomes for 2015--24 percent of developing-country
preschool childrenmalnourished--and the target indicator--
15 percent children malnourished--to reach 17 percent. However, the outcome varies
significantly by country and region. Latin America, West Asia and North Africa,
and China will, on average, likely get close to the target indicator by 2015, even
under business-as-usual; however, the likelihood that Sub-SaharanAfrica and South Asia will
come close to their respective target rates is much smaller. Thetotal increase in investments
estimated is $161 billion in agricultural and supporting sectorsduring 1995
2015. In addition to these investments, significant policy and governance refor
m is required.To achieve faster agriculture-based growth rates, there must be in
placefavorable macroeconomic and trade policies, good infrastructure, and access to credit,
land,and markets. These conditions create level playing fields and give farmers
incentives toadopt new and sustainable technologies and diversify production into
higher-value crops,actions that raise incomes and lift households out of
poverty. Government agencies in developing countries urgently need to revisit the legal,
regulatory, political, and institutionalframework in agriculture, research, extension, and
industrial sectors to facilitate private-sector involvement.Indian Trade Organisation
created by leadership of Dr.Swaminathan will be helpful to protect the interest of Indian
farmer community.Moreover, both the private and public sectors must foster private-public
sector partnerships and cultivate this relationshipwith the end objective of addressing the
MDGs. Moreover, to allow the agriculture sector todevelop its full potential for achieving
the MDGs, the share of ODA spent on agriculture needs to increase significantly. Policy
action and increased investment in the critical arenas
109

National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development

of sustainable agriculture productivity and food and nutrition security will be
essential for responding effectively and responsibly to reach the Millennium Development
Goals

Findings and Conclusion

Agriculture is the vital source of wealth in Bihar. 76

%
of its population is engaged in agricultural pursuits. Bihars productive contribution in food
grain, fruit, vegetables, spices and flowers canincrease manifold with improved methods and
system management.Bihar has a total geographical area of about 9
3
.6
0
lakh hectare, out of which only 56.
03
lakhhectare is the net cultivated area and gross cultivated area being 79.46 lakh hectare.
About
33
.51lakh hectare net area and 4
3
.86 lakh hectare gross area receive irrigation from different sources.Principal food crops are
paddy, wheat, maize and pulses. Main cash crops are sugarcane, potato,tobacco, oilseeds,
onion, chilies and jute and. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 sqkm,which is 7.1
per cent of its geographical area.The principal agricultural crops are rice, paddy, wheat, jute,
maize and oil seeds. Cauliflower,cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot, beat etc. are some of the
vegetables grown in the state.Sugarcane, potato and barley are some of the non-cereal crops
grown. The entire agriculturaloperations are divided into two crop seasons Kharif and Rabi.
The Kharif season starts from thethird week of May and lasts till the end of October followed
by the Rabi season.

NABARD is set up by the Government of India (GoI) as a development bank with the
mandatefor facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale
industries,cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts. It also has the
mandate tosupport all other allied economic activities in rural areas, promote integrated and
sustainablerural development and secure prosperity of rural areas, as also for matters
connected therewithand incidental thereto.Its subscribed and paid-up Capital was Rs.1
00
crore which was enhanced to Rs. 5
00
crore,contributed by the Government of India (GOI) and RBI in equal proportions. Currently
it is Rs.
2000
crore, contributed by GoI (Rs.55
0
crore) and RBI (Rs.145
0
crore).The Management of NABARD vests with the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors of NABARD comprises the Chairperson, Managing Director, representatives of
RBI, GoI, StateGovernments and Directors nominated by the GoI.

58State Bank of India Caters to the needs of agriculturists and landless agricultural
labourersthrough a network of 875
0
rural and semi-urban branches. Apart from the branches, there are4
2
8 Agricultural Development Branches (ADBs) which also cater to agriculturists. We are
theleaders in agri finance in the country with a portfolio of Rs. 64,
000
cr in agri advances coveringaround 8
0
lac accounts.Our branches have covered a whole gamut of agricultural activities like crop
production ,horticulture , plantation crops, farm mechanization, land development and
reclamation, diggingof wells, tube wells and irrigation projects, forestry, construction of cold
storages and godowns, processing of agri-products, finance to agri-input dealers, allied
activities like dairy , fisheries, poultry, sheep-goat, piggery and rearing of silk worms
Recommendations
1.International technical cell of experts be establishedto encourage cooperation to
provide help and address issues relating to scheduling, registrations,specifications,
standardization, etc.2 . I n order to focus on the Neem for
S u s t a i n a b l e Development, a Neem Technology Mission shouldbe constituted by
Government of India.3.Declare Neem as National Tree of India and urgeupon the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry aswell as Wasteland Development Boards to take
uplarge scale neem plantations programme throughoutthe country.4.Since Neem is indigenous
to India, there exists awealth of knowledge about Neem, India should leadthe neem
movement for the benefit of humanity.5 . M i n i s t r y o f S S I a n d M i n i s t r y o f AR I ,
t h r o u g h i t s various agencies should establish Technology Support Centres for Neem
in collaboration with StateGovernments having potential for developing Neembased products
industry clusters.6.Respective departments of Government of India should provide
policy and fiscal support for existingand promising Neem Technologies, e.g. excise andsales
tax exemption for Neem based plant protectionproducts, clearance for manufacture and sale
ofneem Coated Urea and so on.7.States with major population of Neem trees
takesteps to increase neem seed collection and establishdemonstration centres for primary
processing ofseeds and fruits.8.Agriculture extension network should be sensitizedt o
p r o m o t e t h e o r g a n i c f a r m i n g e s p e c i a l l y o f vegetables and fruits, which would
eventually leadto increased usage of neem products.9.In order to have focused
development of soundt e c h n o l o g i e s , respective departments
s h o u l d establish nodal institutes in identified areas. Thepossibilities of upgrading the
existing technologycentre to nodal national centre should be examined.10.The work
on Genetic Improvement aimed at earlyf r u i t i n g , i n c r e a s e d f r u i t y i e l d s , h i g h e r
l i m o n o i d contents, high oil content, wider adaptability or specific varieties for
specific regions be undertakenat the institutes of ICAR, ICFRE, CSIR, etc.11.Certain new
areas of research in addition to Insectand Nematode Control about the role of Neem suchas a
herbicide, plant growth enhancers, have cometo the light and research on these need to
be takenup on large scale.

Recommendations
Early Implementation of Vaidyanathan Committee Revival Package 66. All necessary steps should be
taken for the early implementation of the STCCS revival package in all States. (6.31) Cooperatives in
SHG-Bank Linkage Need for enabling legislation 67. In certain States, legislation has been enacted,
admitting SHGs as members of PACS. Similar legislation in other States would require to be enacted
to enable the emergence of cooperatives as effective SHPIs. Federations of SHGs may be registered in
all the States under the Cooperative Societies Act or the parallel Self Reliant Cooperatives Act and
availability of funds to these cooperatives for advancing loans may be considered by NABARD,
based on objective rating criteria. NABARD may also set aside requisite funds for sensitising the
cooperative movement in this regard.(6.32) Use of PACS and other Primary Cooperatives as Business
Correspondents 68. There are a large number of PACS and primary cooperatives under the parallel
Acts located in rural areas where there are no other financial services outlets. Many of these
cooperatives are in districts where the DCCBs are defunct or moribund. Such PACS could provide
valuable services to their members if they get access to a commercial bank. RBI has already listed
Cooperatives as eligible institutions under the BF/BC Model. (6.33) 69. In the circumstances,
Cooperatives may make use of this opportunity atleast in States which have accepted the
Vaidyanathan Committee recommendations. NABARD may be asked to suggest appropriate
guidelines for the purpose, subject to the approval of RBI. (6.34) Cooperatives Adopting Group
Approach for Financing Excluded Groups 70. Micro-enterprises, in order to be successful, require
larger funding which NGOs cannot provide. It will, therefore, be necessary to develop / test a new
form of community based organisation other than SHGs which may be more appropriate to support
members who engage in micro-enterprises. Those members of SHG who opt to graduate to micro-
enterprises could be formed into JLGs or some similar organisation. (6.35) 71. The relations of mutual
trust and support which is described as affinity in a SHG tend to be weaker in a JLG. Therefore, new
forms of collateral or guarantee may have to be worked out. Guidelines circulated by NABARD may
be adopted by banks.(6.36) 72. Further, the use of the BF model could be thought of to organize
vulnerable segments of the population into JLGs. The pilot project presently under implementation by
NABARD should be sufficiently broad based to cover the role of facilitators in formation and linkage
of JLGs.

Other Recommendations 132. The following suggestions would substantially address the remittance
needs of the poor in the country :i. The combined network of nearly 70000 branches of scheduled
commercial banks (including RRBs) and a network of more than 1.50 lakh post offices can ideally
provide the institutional mechanism for extending remittance facilities in remote areas. With adoption
of appropriate technology, it may be possible to bring down the transaction costs which would
encourage and enable the poor to make use of such remittance facilities. A committee may be set up
with representatives from RBI, Department of Posts, NABARD and commercial banks for exploring
the feasibility of integrating postal network with the banking system and developing a nation wide
remittance system. ii. The remittance product could be an electronic product similar to Instacash
where a 16 digit code is given to the originator of the transaction, and the beneficiary can take the
amount from select post offices by giving the code, and identity proof. This product should be
available across banks, post offices and other institutions and be affordable. Another option could be
to credit the remitted amount to a central server at the originating point and at every touch point
should be able to withdraw it. 21 iii. Banks should endeavour to have a BC touch point in each of the
six lakh villages in the country. There should be a micro-bank in every village. iv. Banks should
introduce card-based remittance products which can be encashed all over the country. This may be
card to card transfer, or simply a scratch card type remittance card.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The Reserve Bank of India acts a centralized body monitoring any

discrepancies and shortcoming in the system.
2. Indian banks are now quoting at higher valuation when compared to banks in
other Asian countries
3. The Indian banking has finally worked up to the competitive dynamics of the
new Indian market and is addressing the relevant issues to take on the
multifarious challenges of globalization.
4. The banking in India is highly fragmented with 30 banking units contributing
to almost 50% of deposits and 60% of advances. Indian nationalized banks
(banks owned by the government) continue to be the major lenders in the
economy due to their sheer size and penetrative networks which assures them
high deposit mobilization.
5. The project contains information about the agricultural finance operations of
NABARD.
6. NABARD is India's specialized bank for Agriculture and Rural Development in
India.
7. It is one of the premiere agencies to provide credit in rural areas
8. Credit financing one of the major functions of NABARD is further subdivided
into different refinance facilities, lower rates, production credit, investment
credit, and farm sector schemes.
9. The second major function is promotional under which NABARD has come up
with the Kisan Credit Card and other promotional schemes which of great
convenience to farmers and banks.
10. Last but not the least under the supervisory role NABARD has been entrusted
with statutory responsibility of conducting inspections of State Cooperative Bank
 (SCBs), District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs), and Regional Rural Banks
(RRBs) under the provision of banking regulation act 1949
11. NABARD is established as a development bank, act, for providing and
regulating credit and other facilities for promotion and development of
agriculture, small scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and
other rural crafts and other allied economic activities in rural areas with a
view to promoting integrated rural development and securing prosperity of rural
areas and for matters connected there with.
12. It is an apex refinancing agency for the institutions providing investment and
production credit for promoting the various developmental activities in rural
areas.
13. It co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all the institutions engaged in
developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with Government
of India, State Governments, Reserve Bank of India and other national level
institutions concerned with policy formulation.
14. It prepares; on annual basis, rural credit plans for all districts in the country;
these plans for the base for annual credit plans of all rural financial
institutions.
15. It undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
16. It promotes research in the fields of rural banking, agriculture and rural
development.
17. The initial corpus of NABARD was Rs.100 crores. Consequent to the revision
in the composition of share capital between Government of India and RBI, the
paid up capital as on 31 March 2015, stood at Rs.5000 crores with
Government of India holding Rs.4,980 crores (99.60%) and Reserve Bank of
India Rs.20.00 crores (0.40%).
18. Framing policy and guidelines for rural financial institutions
19. Providing credit facilities to issuing organizations
20. Preparation of potential-linked credit plans annually for all districts for
identification of credit potential
21. Monitoring the flow of ground level rural credit

22. Help cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks to prepare development
actions plans for themselves
23. Enter into MoU with state governments and cooperative banks specifying their
respective obligations to improve the affairs of the banks in a stipulated time
frame
24. Help Regional Rural Banks and the sponsor banks to enter into MoUs
specifying their respective obligations to improve the affairs of the Regional
Rural Banks in a stipulated time frame
25. Monitor implementation of development action plans of banks and fulfillment
of obligations under MoUs
26. Provide financial assistance to cooperatives and Regional Rural Banks for
establishment of technical, monitoring and evaluations cells
27. Provide organization development intervention (ODI) through reputed training
institutes like Bankers Institute of Rural Development (BIRD), National Bank
Staff College, Lucknow and College of Agriculture Banking, Pune, etc.
28. Provide financial support for the training institutes of cooperative banks.
29. Provide training for senior and middle level executives of commercial banks,
Regional Rural Banks and cooperative banks
30. Create awareness among the borrowers on ethics of repayment through Vikas
Volunteer Vahini and Farmers clubs
31. NABARD is the most important institution in the country which looks after
the development of the cottage industry, small industry and village industry,
and other rural industries.
32. NABARD also reaches out to allied economies and supports and promotes
integrated development.
33. NABARD discharge its duty by undertaking the following roles:
34. Serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investment
and production credit for promoting the various developmental activities in
rural areas.
35. Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity
of the credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation
schemes, restructuring of credit institutions, training of personnel, etc.
36. Co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in
developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with Government
of India, state governments, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other national
level institutions concerned with policy formulation.
37. Undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
38. NABARD refinances the financial institutions which finances the rural sector.
39. NABARD par takes in development of institutions which help the rural
economy.
40. NABARD also keeps a check on its client institutes.
41. It regulates the institutions which provide financial help to the rural economy.
42. It provides training facilities to the institutions working in the field of rural
upliftment.
 43. It regulates the cooperative banks and the RRBs, and manages talent
acquisition through IBPSCWE.
44. NABARD's refinance is available to State Co-Operative Agriculture And Rural
Development Banks (SCARDBS), State Co-operative Banks (SCBS), Regional
Rural Banks (RRBS), Commercial Banks (CBS) and other financial institutions
approved by RBI. While the ultimate beneficiaries of investment credit can be
individuals, partnership concerns, companies, State-owned corporations or co-
operative societies, production credit is generally given to individuals.
NABARD has its head office at Mumbai, India.

SUGGESTION

Only finance or subsidy can not be sustainable to achieve result. A loan is not an asset: it is a
liability that must be reimbursed through wise investment, and effective management. Taking
out a loan therefore increases risks, albeit against a reasonable expectation of profit. Savings
on the other hand, are not a liability; they are an asset. They enable people to withstand
unexpected or even anticipated shocks to their livelihoods, and need not be reimbursed. If,
when they are sufficient, they are applied to productive investment, and the investment fails,
the household is more likely to absorb the shock without fear of desolution. The poverty is
never reduced by loaning people resources that they cannot afford to repay with interest As
principal agriculture development of the country, has to come out with a clear strategy to
dovetail its goal with the five-point programme of action suggested by the National
Commission on Farmers(NCF). These
area programme of soil health enhancement, promoting water harvesting,conservation,equita
ble use by empowering gram sabhas to function as PaniPanchayats;initiation of immediate
credit National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development reforms coupled with credit and
insurance literacy with intensive coverage of crops and livestocks for insurance coverage
with village level farmland as the unit, provision of farm credit at 4 percent with firm support
from both RBI and government of India, gender sensitiveness in credit dispensation; bridging
the growing gap between scientific know-how and field do-how for both production and post-
harvest phases of farming; crop-livestock-fish integrated production system are ideal for
small farmers since this can also facilitate organic farming; finally, the gap between what the
urban consumer pays must be made as narrow as possible, as has been done in the case of
milk under Dr.V Kurien. Additionally, executing its advisory role to the Planning
Commission of the country. Should strive for balance measure on import of agricultural crops
and dairy products; and enhance export of fruits and flowers. is needed to create a conducive
environment and legal framework for the Microfinance sector to flourish in India to achieve
Millenium Development Goal.
However, each goal will need a well-defined package of technologies and services for success
at the field level. Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, the first goal is the one whose
attainment most clearly involves the agricultural sector: The poor around the globe are
disproportionately farmers and herders, and, perversely, the hungry also most commonly find
their livelihoods through agriculture. By increasing food availability and incomes and
contributing to asset diversity and economic growth, higher agricultural productivity
and supportive pro-poor policies allow people to break out of the poverty-hunger-
malnutrition trap. As the country-level model simulations revealed, broad based agricultural
growth is the key for decreasing poverty and increasing growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. A
global assessment of Target 2 of MDG 1 (halving child malnutrition levels) shows that the
combination of agricultural and economic growth together with larger investments in social
sectors, including health and education, can substantially narrow the gap between the
business-as-usual outcomes for 2015--24 percent of developing-country preschool children
malnourished--and the target indicator--15 percent children malnourished--to reach
17 percent. However, the outcome varies significantly by country and region. Latin America,
West Asia and North Africa, and China will, on average, likely get close to the target
indicator by2015, even under business-as-usual; however, the likelihood that Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia will come close to their respective target rates is much smaller. The
total increase in investments estimated is $161 billion in agricultural and supporting sectors
during 19952015. In addition to these investments, significant policy and governance
reform is required. To achieve faster agriculture- based growth rates, there must be in place
favorable macroeconomic and trade policies, good infrastructure, and access to credit, land,
and markets. These conditions create level playing fields and give farmers incentives to adopt
new and sustainable technologies and diversify production into higher-value crops, actions
that raise incomes and lift households out of poverty.

The limitations of the study are:

1. The study is based on the secondary data and the limitation of using
secondary data may affect the results.
 2. The secondary data was taken from the annual reports of the SBI Bank. It
may
3. be possible that the data shown in the annual reports may be window dressed
which does not show the actual position of the banks.
4. Financial analysis is mainly done to compare the growth, profitability and
financial soundness of the respective banks by diagnosing the information
contained in the financial statements.

Financial analysis is done to identify the financial strengths and weaknesses of the
two banks by properly establishing relationship between the items of Balance Sheet
and Profit & Loss Account. It helps in better understanding of banks financial
position, growth and performance by analyzing the financial statements with various
tools and evaluating the relationship between various elements of financial statements.

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