Medium Transmission line

Lecture:1
By FALGUNI BHAVSAR
 Medium-length transmission line
Considering medium-length lines (50 to 150 mile-long), the shunt
admittance must be included in calculations.

However, the total admittance is usually modeled ( model) as two

capacitors of equal values (each corresponding to a half of total
admittance) placed at the sending and receiving ends.

If all the shunt capacitance is lumped at the middle of the line, it leads to
T network; T network simply means, that you have the shunt portion is
lumped at the middle, whereas the series is divided by divide equally and
this is VS, this is VR, this is IS, this is IR, it is a symmetrical.
Medium-length transmission line Model

In this method, capacitance of each conductor (i.e., line to neutral) is divided

into two halves; one half being lumped at the sending end and the other half at
the receiving end as shown in fig.. It is obvious that capacitance at the sending
end has no effect on the line drop. However, its charging current must be added
to line current in order to obtain the total sending end current.
Medium-length transmission line Model
Let IR = load current per phase
R = resistance per phase
X l= inductive reactance per phase
C = capacitance per phase
cos = receiving end power factor (lagging)
Vs = sending end voltage per phase
The phasor diagram for the circuit is shown in Fig.
Taking the receiving end voltage as the reference phasor, we have,
VR= V + j 0
Load current,
IR= IR (CosR -j SinR)
Charging current at load end is
IC1 = j (C / 2) VR = VR Y/2
 Medium-length transmission line
The source current will be
IL = IR + IC1 = IR + VR Y/2
Sending end voltage
VS = VR + IL (R +j XL) = VR + IL Z
VS = VR + (IR + VR Y/2 ) Z
VS = VR (1+ Z Y/2 ) + Z IR
Charging Current at the sending is
IC2 = j (C/2) VS = j f C VS = VS Y/2
Sending end current,
IS = IL + IC2
IS = I R + j f C VR + j f C VS
IS = IR + VR Y/2 + (VR (1+ Z Y/2 ) + Z IR )Y/2
IS = VR Y(1+ Z Y/4 ) + IR (1 + Z Y/2)
The ABCD constants of a medium-length transmission line are
A = (ZY/2 +1)
B=Z
C = Y(ZY/4+1)
D = (ZY/2 +1)
Medium-length transmission line T Model
In this method, the whole line capacitance is assumed to be concentrated at the
middle point of the line and half the line resistance and reactance are lumped on its
either side as shown in Fig.
Therefore, in this arrangement, full charging current flows over half the line. In Fig,
one phase of 3phase transmission line is shown as it is advantageous to work in
phase instead of line-to-line values.
Medium-length transmission line Model
Let IR = load current per phase
R = resistance per phase
Xl= inductive reactance per phase
C = capacitance per phase
Cos = receiving end power factor (lagging)
Vs = sending end voltage per phase
The phasor diagram for the circuit is shown in Fig.
Taking the receiving end voltage as the reference phasor, we have,
VR= V + j 0
Load current,
IR= IR (CosR -j SinR)
 Medium-length transmission line
Voltage across C,
V1 = VR + IR Z/2
Capacitive current,
IC = j C V1 = V1 Y = Y (VR + IR Z/2)
The source current will be
IS = IR + IC = IR + Y (VR + IR Z/2)
IS = Y VR + IR (1 + ZY/2)
Sending end voltage
VS = V1 + Is (R +j XL) / 2 = VR + IR Z/2 + (Y VR + IR (1 + ZY/2)) Z / 2
VS = VR (1+ Z Y/2 ) + Z (ZY/4+1) IR
The ABCD constants of a medium-length transmission line are
A = (ZY/2 +1)
B = Z (ZY/4+1)
C=Y
D = (ZY/2 +1)