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R.E. Showalter
Oregon State University, Corvallis
ABSTRACT: We report on the model development and mathematical analysis of the exchange of fluid and
stress between a Biot model of an elastic-plastic porous structure saturated with a slightly compressible viscous
fluid coupled to the Stokes flow in an adjacent open channel. The coupled systems of partial differential equations
and interface conditions will be formulated in a mixed variational setting and resolved by nonlinear semigroup
methods.
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the elastic-plastic porous medium and a contiguous p2 are the thermodynamic pressure of the barotropic
fluid-filled chamber, and to show that this model fluid in the respective regions. The Biot-Stokes system
leads to a mathematically well-posed problem which takes the form
is amenable to analysis and computation. The inter-
face coupling conditions include the continuity of the
normal fluid flux and of stress. Two additional consti-
tutive relations concern the dependence of the Darcy
flux at the interface on the pressure increment and
the effect of the tangential component of stress on the
velocity increment at the interface. The former is a
classical Robin-type condition, and the latter is the slip
condition of Beavers-Joseph-Saffman.
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2.2.1 Fluidsolid contact (Salinger, Aris, and Derby 1994), (Gartling, Hickox,
The natural transmission conditions at the interface and Givler 1996), (Layton, Schieweck, and Yotov
of a free fluid and an impervious solid consist of 2002), (Arbogast and Brunson), (Arbogast, Brunson,
the continuity of displacement and of stress (Sanchez Bryant, and J.W. Jennings 2004) for numerical work,
Hubert and Snchez-Palencia 1989). The effective (Payne and Straughan 1998) for dependence on the
flow through a rigid micro-porous and permeable slip parameter, and (Arbogast and Lehr 2004) for
matrix is described by the Darcy law, qi = kij j p1 , homogenization results on related problems.
where q is the filtration velocity or flux of fluid
driven by a pressure gradient, and kij is the con- 2.2.3 Fluidelastic porous medium
ductivity. In fact, Darcys law can be realized as Any model of free fluid in contact with a deformable
the upscaled limit by averaging or homogenization and porous medium contains the upscaled filtration
of a fine-scale periodic array of a rigid solid and velocity in addition to the displacement and stress vari-
intertwined fluid. See (Tartar 1980), (Allaire 1992), ations of the porous matrix. These must be coupled to
(Hornung 1997). Similar results are obtained when the Stokes flow, so all of the previous issues are pre-
the solid is permitted to be elastic, and then various sent in the interface conditions. See (Murad, Guerreiro,
scalings of the viscosity lead to a viscous solid or and Loula 2000), (Murad, Guerreiro, and Loula 2001),
to the Biot model of poroelasticity (1). See (Auriault (Showalter 2004).
and Snchez-Palencia 1977), (Sanchez-Hubert 1980),
(Snchez-Palencia 1980), (Burridge and Keller 1981), 2.2.4 Fluidelastic-plastic porous medium
(Vernescu 1989), (Auriault, Strzelecki, Bauer, and He We begin with the mass-conservation requirement that
1990), (Ene and Vernescu 1995), (Auriault 1997), the normal fluid flux be continuous across the inter-
(Terada, Ito, and Kikuchi 1998). face. For this purpose, we introduce the parameter
which represents the surface fraction of the interface
2.2.2 Fluidporous medium on which the diffusion paths of the structure are sealed.
The description of a free fluid in contact with a rigid The remaining fraction 1 is the contact surface
but porous matrix requires a means to couple the along 12 , where the diffusion paths of the porous
fluid flow to the upscaled Darcy filtration. Since a medium are exposed to the fluid in the open chan-
Stokes system is used for the free fluid, we have two nel, and so the motion of the structure contributes to
distinct scales of hydrodynamics, and these are repre- the interfacial fluid mass flux. Thus, the solution is
sented by two completely different systems of partial required to satisfy the admissability constraint
differential equations. Fluid conservation is a natu-
ral requirement at the interface, and other classically
assumed conditions such as continuity of pressure or
vanishing tangential velocity of the viscous fluid have for the conservation of fluid mass across the inter-
been investigated (Ene and Snchez-Palencia 1975), face. We shall assume that the Darcy flow across 12 is
(Levy and Snchez-Palencia 1975), but these issues driven by the difference between the total normal stress
have been controversial. See the discussion on p. 157 of of the fluid and the pressure internal to the porous
(Snchez-Palencia 1980). In fact, one can even ques- medium according to
tion the location of the interface, since the porous
medium itself is already a mixture of fluid and solid.
Moreover, it was reported in (Beavers and Joseph
1967) that fluid in contact with a porous medium flows The constant 0 is the fluid entry resistance. The
faster along the interface than a fluid in contact with a conservation of momentum requires that the total
solid surface: there is a substantial slip of the fluid at stress of the porous medium is balanced by the total
the interface with a porous medium. It was proposed stress of the fluid. For the normal component this
that the normal derivative of the tangential component means
of fluid velocity vT satisfy
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We have shown that the interface conditions (4) suffice where n and T denote normal and tangential trace on
precisely to couple the Biot system (1) in 1 to the the interface. Then the system (3), (4) takes the form
Stokes system (2) in 2 .
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