DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

MANAGAMENT AND CLIMATE

CHANGE ADAPTATION
Alfredo Mahar Francisco A. Lagmay, Ph.D.
DRRM-CCA Specialist
 OUTLINE

1 Natural Hazards
2 Avoiding Disaster
3 Scenario-based Hazard Mapping
4 Climate Change Projection
PHILIPPINES

The Philippines, being a

locus of typhoons,
tsunamis, earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions, is
a hotbed of disasters.
Natural hazards inflict loss
of lives and costly
damage to property,
amounting to billions of
pesos each year.
NATURAL HAZARDS 1

Calbayog City, Samar. Typhoon Ruby

 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

Continuous heavy rains, heightened by the presence of two Low

Pressure Areas, cause flooding in Samar (December 2008)
 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

Incessant rains trigger floods in Maslog, Eastern Samar (April 2014)

 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

JMA storm surge simulation of Typhoon Yolanda by Project NOAH

Video Footage of Storm Surge of Typhoon Yolanda in Hernani, Eastern
Samar on November 8, 2013 6AM
 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

El Baguio de Samar y Leyte, 12-13 de Octubre 1897

 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

An earthquake of magnitude 7.6 hit 139 km east of Sulangan, Samar,

8:45 p.m (August 31, 2012).
 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

An earthquake of magnitude 7.6 hit 139 km east of Sulangan, Samar,

8:45 p.m (August 31, 2012).
 NATURAL HAZARDS 1

Landslide from continuous rains in Southern Leyte that buried two (2)
households with three casualties (January 2011).
AVOIDING DISASTERS
 DISASTER RISK 2

A countrys risk of becoming the victim of a disaster is not

determined solely by its exposure to natural hazards, but to a
crucial extent also by the societys state of development.
- World Risk Index Report 2013

Risk = f (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability)

Safe Areas: 36.87%
From Landslide, Flood and Storm Surge hazards

NOAH Landslide, Flood and Storm Surge Hazard Map

Ormoc City, Leyte
Safe Areas: 41.04%
From Landslide and Flood hazards

NOAH Landslide & Flood Hazard Map

Kananga, Leyte
NOAH Landslide, Flood &
Storm Surge Hazard Map
Tacloban, Leyte
Safe Areas: 26%
From Landslide, Flood and Storm Surge hazards

TACLOBAN AREA 106 SQ KM

LANDSLIDE AREA 50.2 SQ KM
FLOOD AREA 23.4 SQ KM
STORM SURGE AREA 10.8 SQ KM
TOTAL HAZARD AREA 78.4 SQ KM
SCENARIO-BASED HAZARD MAPPING 3
 IfSAR (0.5m accuracy) LiDAR (0.12m accuracy)
Rain
Intensity
Duration
Frequency

Other parameters
(manning roughness, land cover,
discharge inflow and outflow, etc.)

NOAH FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

NOAH LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING
NOAH LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING
NOAH STORM SURGE HAZARD MAPPING
The SSA hazard
maps are used as
reference to warn
communities that
are likely to be
affected by storm
surges. Advisory is
released 24 hours
in advance and is
updated every six
hours in the Project
NOAH website.

It is also being utilized in the pre-disaster risk assessment of the

national government agencies and local government units in designing
appropriate response to impending threats and risk brought by natural
hazards.
 CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECT
FOR EASTERN SAMAR 4
It is necessar y to prepare hazard maps of the future,
incorporating possible scenarios predicted as a
consequence of climate change.

Based on PAGASAs publication entitled Climate Change in the Philippines

Seasonal rainfall change (%) in 2020 and 2050 in the provinces of Eastern Visayas

Source: PAGASA, Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011.

Seasonal temperature increases (C) in 2020 and 2050 in the provinces of Eastern Visayas

Source: PAGASA, Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011.

 Frequency of extreme events in 2020 and 2050 in the provinces of Eastern Visayas

Source: PAGASA, Climate Change in the Philippines, 2011.

Seasonal Variations:
DJF (December, January, February or Amihan season);
MAM (March, April, May or summer season);
JJA (June, July, August or Habagat season); and
SON (September, October, November or transition season from Habagat to Amihan)