SCCP InceptionReport 17 June 10

Kingdom of Cambodia
Ministry of Public Works and Transport
ADB LOAN(SF) 2373-CAM:

GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION SOUTHERN COASTAL CORRIDOR
PROJECT
Detailed Design and Implementation Services
INCEPTION REPORT
Date May 2010
Reference
In Association With Version E

Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Co. Ltd.
Key Consultants Cambodia
Khmer Consultant Engineering Corporation Ltd.
SBK Research and Development, and VIDO Engineering Consultant Co. Ltd
Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project
Inception Report July 2009
Recipients
Attention Copy
Name Organisation Name Organisation
Mr. PHENG Sovicheano MPWT/PMU3 Through MPWT / PMU3 ADB
Through MPWT / PMU3 AusAID
History of Modifications
Submission
Date 10 May 2010
Name JM. Lacombe
Signature
Version Date Prepared by External control Modifications

David ROBINSON
A 26/07/2009 G NICOLLE Creation
B COLIN MOREAU
B 06/08/2009 G NICOLLE G NICOLLE Comments from PMU3
L.REYES- Revision to incorporate ADB
C 10/10/2009 L.REYES-SAUVAGE
SAUVAGE and PMU3s Comments
Revision to incorporate ADB
D 26/02/2010 J. FREEZER G. NICOLLE
and AusAID comments
Revision to incorporate ADB
E 10/05/2010 JM. Lacombe
and AusAID comments
Other information
Author David ROBINSON / Bernard COLIN MOREAU/Lynne REYES-

SAUVAGE/John Freezer/JM. Lacombe
Date May 2010
Reference
Document Title Inception Report
Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

Egis-Bceom International in Association with KACE, KCC, KCEC, SBK R&D and VIDO EC
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank

CBF cross-border facilities
CBTA cross-border trade agreement
DCCA District Committee for the Control of AIDS
DDIS detailed design and implementation services
EA executing agency
EIRR economic internal rate of return
EMP environmental management plan
EMOP environment monitoring plan
GDPW General Department of Public Works
GMS Greater Mekong Subregion
HAPP/HTPP HIV/AIDS and human trafficking awareness and prevention program
HDM highway development and management
IA implementing agency
ICB international competitive bidding
IEE initial environment examination
IRC Interministerial Resettlement Committee
IRM independent resettlement monitor
KEXIM Export-Import Bank of Korea
MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport
NCB national competitive bidding
NR national road
PCCA Provincial Committee for the Control of AIDS
PDPWT Provincial Department of Public Works
PMU-3 Project Management Unit No.3
PPTA project preparatory technical assistance
SCC Southern Coastal Corridor
SEU Social and Environment Unit
VOC vehicle operating cost

GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION SOUTHERN COASTAL CORRIDOR PROJECT

ADB Loan No. 2373(SF)-CAM
INCEPTION REPORT
CONTENTS
Page
PREAMBLE i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii
PROJECT LOCATION MAP vii
I. THE PROJECT AT APPRAISAL 1
A. The Project 1
B. Project Impact and Outcome 1
C. Detailed Project Scope and Components 1
D. Project Cost and Financing Plan 3
E. Implementation Arrangements 4
F. Project Benefits and Impacts 5
II. THE PROJECT SCOPE AT INCEPTION
A. Civil Works packages Field Reconnaissance 6

B. Safeguard Measures 8
C. Project Performance Monitoring and Evaluation 11
D. Capacity Building 12
III. UPDATED PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
A. Background 15
B. Civil Works Packages Updated Cost Estimates 15
C. Resettlement 17
D. Updated Project Cost Estimate 17
IV PROPOSED REVISION TO THE PROJECT SCOPE

A. Proposed Project Downsizing Options 19
B. Impacts of the Proposed Change in Scope 22
V. DETAILED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION SERVICES
A. Consultants team Mobilization 24

B. Consultants Work Plan 24
C. Consultant Staffing Requirements and Staffing Schedule 25
D. Reporting 26
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33
APPENDIXES
1. Design and Monitoring Framework 34

2. Documents and Data Collected During Inception 36
3. Pictures 38

4. Project Location Maps 46

5. Cross-border Facilities at Lork Ha Tien Proposed Layout 48
6. Cross-border Facilities at Koh Kong Proposed Layout 50
7. Resettlement 52
8. Social Development, Gender, HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness and
Prevention Program 54
9. Project Monitoring and Evaluation 71
10. Updated Detailed Cost Estimate 78
SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIXES
1. NR3, NR31, NR33 Road Condition Assessment

2. Topographical and Geotechnical Surveys Terms of Reference

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project i
PREAMBLE
1. This is the fifth version of a document that was originally prepared by the detailed
design and implementation consultant to report on the status and conditions of the Greater
Mekong Subregion-Southern Coastal Corridor Project (the Project) at the commencement of
project implementation in June 2009. The previous versions of the inception report were not
endorsed by the Project Management Unit of the Ministry of Public Works and the project
financiers, the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Australia, mainly because of
poor reporting format and shortcomings in addressing the financing issue the Project was
facing.
2. While by the time this revised inception report is issued, May 2010, progress has
been achieved with regard to the financing issue and the detailed design of the main project
components, the present report deals with the project conditions and consultants findings at
project inception; none of the developments and design outcomes, in particular those related
to project cost estimate, which occurred since mid 2009 have been incorporated in this
revised document on the grounds that an inception report has to provide information and
data at the commencement of the Project. An exception to this rule is the economic analysis
update that was carried out in February 2010; the findings of the updating exercise have
been reported in para.115 to confirm the economic viability of the proposed downsized
project.
3. The revisions and amendments to the latest inception report version of February
2010 consisted in (i) removing from the body text figures and tables not absolutely required
for the understanding and having the same annexed to the report, and (ii) providing within
the limits of the information available at project inception more details on project downsizing
options, and impacts and implications of the recommended change in project scope and
implementation arrangements (Part IV).1
1
A comprehensive report on the proposed revised project scope was prepared by the detailed design and
implementation consultant in May 2010.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. The Project at Appraisal
1. The Greater Mekong SubregionSouthern Coastal Corridor (GMS-SCC) Project

extends from Kampot in Cambodia to Ca Mau in Viet Nam. At Appraisal, the road betterment
program in Cambodia included: (i) NR33 upgrading between Kampong Trach and Lork-Ha
Tien, (ii) upgrading bridges and drainage structures on NR33 between Kampot Track and
Kampot, (iii) routine maintenance works on NR31 between Kampong Trach and the junction
with NR3, and (iv) periodic maintenance works on the Kampot-Kampong Trach section. In
addition to the road and bridge works, the Project1 will develop cross border facilities (CBF)
at Lork-Ha Tien at the Cambodia-Viet Nam border and at Koh Kong at the Cambodia-
Thailand border. The project environmental and social impacts will be addressed through the
development and implementation of resettlement plans and environmental management
plans; the HIV/AIDS, trafficking and gender issues will be tackle through awareness and
prevention programs to be developed and implemented concurrently with the civil works. A
team of consultants will assist with the detailed design and implementation of the Project.
2. The Project will promote economic growth, reduce transport costs and travel times
and will facilitate movements of persons and goods between Thailand, Cambodia and Viet
Nam.
3. At Appraisal in 2006, the project cost was estimated at $18.70 million. The financing
plan consisted of a $7.00 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), a $8,00
million grant from the Government of Australia and a $3.70 million contribution from the
Government of Cambodia. The Project was scheduled to be completed by 30 June 2012.
4. The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) is the Executing Agency (EA)
for the Project. Responsibilities for planning and implementation will be delegated to Project
Management Unit No.3 (PMU-3), under the General Department of Public Works (GDPW),
as the implementation agency (IA) for the Project.
B. The Project at Inception
5. In June-July 2009 the detailed design and implementation (DDI) consultant carried
out a comprehensive review of the project components, civil works and safeguards, and
conducted field visits to assess the condition of the subproject sites at project inception.
6. The anticipated upgrading works along the NR33 section between Kampong Trach
and Lork Ha Tien (about 16 kilometer [km] against 15.1 km at Appraisal) would be
implemented as planned. Quantities of works resulting from the detailed design may
increase due to the need to raise the road embankment in some places. The NR31-NR33
junction at Kampong Trach will be further examined during detailed design.
7. The anticipated site for the CBF development at Lork Ha Tien is no longer
available; it is occupied by a hotel/casino complex. A new site of about 4 hectare has been
identified between the hotel boundaries and the water stream flowing along the Cambodia-
Viet Nam border line which has been marked since project appraisal. The Kho Kong CBF
will be located on an about 4 hectare (ha) plot of land currently belonging to a resort
complex.2 For both CBF conceptual design will be prepared and submitted to PMU-3 for
approval prior to undertaking the CBF detailed design.
1
In the present report The Project refers to the Cambodia section and components of the GMS-SCC Project
only
2
While included in the Project the CBF site was not identified at Appraisal; a resettlement plan and initial
environmental examination are to be prepared for Koh Kong CBF.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project iii
8. The visits of NR31 and NR33 sections reveal that road reconstruction works of some
damaged sections need to be undertaken in addition to the periodic and routine
maintenance envisaged at Appraisal. Also, the visits confirmed that the bridges and cross
drainage structures along the NR33 section between Kampong Trach and Kampot need to
be replaced as the current substandard width and conditions are major road safety hazards.
9. As anticipated at Appraisal the implementation of the road and bridge improvement

works will not generate any major environmental impacts. While an initial environmental
examination needs to be prepared for Koh Kong CBF, the CBF construction activities are not
expected to affect the environment provided that mitigation measures are implemented. The
environmental impacts resulting from the operation of the CBFs, solid waste and wastewater
in particular, will be addressed during detailed design through the provision of adequate
treatment systems. Environmental management plans and environmental monitoring plans
will be prepared for each civil works packages for implementation by the contractors and
monitoring by the DDI consultant and PMU-3.
10. With regard to land acquisition and resettlement the consultant site visits and
consultations with the affected people confirmed the assessment and compensation
measures anticipated in the resettlement plan prepared during project preparation for the to-
be-upgraded NR33 section. Resettlement plans for Lork Ha Tien and Koh Kong CBF will
have to be prepared based on the location sites identified during project inception and after
approval of the CBF concept design by PMU-3 and Government agencies concerned.
11. The DDI consultant assessed through secondary data review and field consultations
the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and human trafficking, and the gender issue in the project areas.
Preliminary findings confirmed the need to supplement the fighting actions by Government
agencies and nongovernment organizations through the development and implementation of
awareness and prevention programs concurrently with the construction activities. Based on
a comprehensive incidence assessment, the DDI consultant will prepare awareness and
prevention programs addressing the HIV/AIDS, trafficking and gender issues.
12. The project performance will be evaluated through a set of indicators reflecting
changes in road traffic, socioeconomic environment and cross-border movements in the
project influenced-area. The performance indicators listed in the project design and
monitoring framework will be complemented as required to assess the impacts of the
safeguard measures, especially those relating to the social issues. The baseline data
survey is expected to be undertaken in the next few months. A second round of surveys will
be implemented prior to project completion in mid 2012 or soon after, and a third round will
be conducted three years after project completion.
13. A computerized project performance management system design as a management

information system (MIS) will be developed and run to manage and monitor project
implementation. The MIS will be designed as a reporting tool covering the technical and
financial progress of all project components, including safeguard measures; the MIS will
highlight the current and anticipated implementation-related issues, along with remedial
actions and monitoring of the same. In addition to the MIS, the DDI consultant will develop
and maintain a project website where subject to prior approval of PMU-3 and the financiers
all project documents will be posted.
14. To enhance the capacities of staff from PMU-3 and other government agencies and
implementing partners involved in the Project, the DDI consultant will prepare and implement
capacity building programs through mainly on-the-job training sessions. The training will
cover the following topics: resettlement, environment, social development issues and project
management.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project iv
C. Updated Project Cost Estimate
15. At project inception, the project cost estimate has been reviewed and updated based
on price conditions prevailing in mid-2009 and civil works quantities refined as a result of the
consultants preliminary assessment. The total base cost of the original six civil works
packages has been reestimated at $17.34 million against the $10.92 million estimate at
Appraisal. The about 59% increase is attributed to (i) significant price escalation resulting
mainly from the 2008 financial crisis and (ii) larger than expected quantities of works, mainly
for the CBFs as the number and area of buildings would be larger than anticipated to meet
the requirements of the Cross-border Trade Agreement. At project inception, the total project
cost including civil works, resettlement and consulting services costs, and taxes and duties is
estimated at $26.53 million which is about 42% above the appraisal estimate of $18.70
million.
D. Proposed Revised Project Scope
16. Since the financing plan envisaged at Appraisal, i.e., $7.0 million from ADB, $8.0
million from the Government of Australia and $3.7 million from the Government, is unlikely to
be increased, there would be a need to downsize the original project scope to bring down
the project cost to the original estimate of $18.7 million. In an attempt to reduce the civil
works cost, the DDI consultant identified a set of five options combining eight civil works
packages.3 Of the five options, three would not be financially feasible as the total civil works
cost significantly exceed the base cost ceiling of $10.92 million and two should be further
considered as the civil works cost estimate is below or close to the $10.92 million ceiling.
17. The consultant-recommended option would consist in (i) removing from the original
scope the NR33 bridge repair and widening, and the NR31 and NR33 road maintenance
components and (ii) replacing the latter by a road maintenance demonstration project on
NR3. The cost estimate of the proposed revised project would remain within funds available
and the downsizing impact on the original project objectives would be minimized as the key
components of the Project, NR33 section upgrading and both CBFs, would be implemented
as envisaged at appraisal. The environmental and social safeguard measures associated to
these components would also be implemented as planned.
18. As reported to the DDI consultant, the Government of Korea through the Export-
Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) showed interest in financing the components proposed to be
removed from the original scope. Should this financing option materialize, the Project would
be completed through two projects under two different set of financing sources, ADB and
Government of Australia on one hand, the Government of Korea on the other. To ensure
achievements of the anticipated project objectives the scope and implementation
arrangements of the optional KEXIM-financed project should be consistent with those
applying to the ADB-AusAID-financed project.
19. Based on the DDI consultants preliminary impact assessment, the proposed change
in the project scope of the ADB-AusAID-financed project and the implementation option of
having the as-appraised Project implemented through two separate projects would not
adversely impact on the objectives of the Project as anticipated at Appraisal provided that
the scope and implementation arrangements of the optional KEXIM-financed project are
consistent with those of the ADB-AusAID-financed project. The concerns about project
consistency that may be raised at project inception will be fully addressed as part of the
3
The six original packages and two additional packages, rehabilitation of NR31 bridges between Bek Kous and
Kampong Trach and NR3 road maintenance between Kampot and Veal Renh, that would be required to
complete the road betterment program within the Southern Coastal Corridor.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project v
project redesigning process once the Government requests the financiers to consider a
change in project scope and KEXIMs financing support is confirmed.
E Detailed Design and Implementation Services
20. The detailed design and implementation consultant, Egis-Bceom International,

France, mobilized on 15 June 2009. Consultants activities during the first month of services
focused on desk review of project documents and field visits to assess the current conditions
of the project sites. Topographical survey and soil investigations were initiated. The
consultants work plan has been updated based on the findings at inception. Except for
those anticipated under the NR33 bridge and the maintenance components which have
been postponed pending a decision on a change in project scope, the detailed design and
other safeguard-related activities should proceed as anticipated provided that timely actions
are undertaken by the Government to resolve the CBF site location issue at Lork Ha Tien
and Koh Kong. .
21. No major changes in the consultants staffing schedule are anticipated. The team
composition and mix meet the requirements of the preconstruction phase; the engineer and
specialists inputs will have to be adjusted in the course of the preconstruction phase to keep
in line with the actual developments in resolving the issues the project is experiencing.
F. Conclusions and Recommendations
22. The consultants review at inception reveals three major issues:
(ii) Project cost overrun: based on price conditions prevailing in mid 2009 the
total project cost has been reestimated at $26.5 million against an estimate at
appraisal of $18.7 million. The cost increase is attributed to price escalation
following the 2008 financial crisis and larger than anticipated quantities of
works;
(iii) Site location of the cross-border facilities at Lork Ha Tien: the site
envisaged at project appraisal is no longer available; it is now occupied by a
hotel/casino. A new site has been identified between the former one and the
border with Viet Nam; a resettlement plan including consultations with
affected persons has to be developed; and
(iv) Site location of the cross-border facilities at Koh Kong: the site identified
during project inception is largely inside an existing sea resort complex;
preparatory works including consultations with the affected landowners,
preparation of a resettlement plan and initial environmental examination are
yet to be carried out.
23. Keeping the project cost within funds available will require downsizing the original
project scope under ADB-AusAID financing. The consultant-recommended downsizing
option would consist in removing from the original project scope (i) the NR33 bridge repair
and widening component and (ii) the NR31 and NR33 road maintenance demonstration
projects; road maintenance in the proposed revised project scope would be addressed
through a routine maintenance program on the NR3 section between Kampot and Veal
Renh. The components proposed to be removed from the project scope would be
rescheduled under a project financed by the Government of Korea through KEXIM. Should
this financing option materialize, the scope of the KEXIM-financed project, including social
and environmental safeguard measures, should be consistent with that of the ADB-AusAID-
financed project to ensure achievements of the development objectives anticipated from the
as appraised Project.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project vi
24. The CBF site location issue needs to be promptly addressed; the availability of the
two plots of land of about 4 ha identified during project inception needs to be confirmed as
the shape of the plots conditions the CBF conceptual design which is to be approved by
MPWT and other Government agencies prior to undertaking the CBF detailed design.
25. Failure to timely tackle the above issues and restore the required level of project
readiness is likely to delay the project preconstruction phase. It is therefore recommended to
(i) expedite the change-in-scope process starting with a comprehensive assessment of the
impacts resulting from the proposed change in scope and (ii) confirm at the earliest the
availability of land required for the development of the cross-border facilities at Lork Ha
Tien and Koh Kong.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project vii
Inception Report
Project Location Map Cambodia Components at Appraisal
NR33 Section
NR33 Upgrading (Between Kampong Trach and Lork Ha Tien)
Upgrading Component
Cross-Border Facilities at Lork Ha Tien (Kampot Province)
CBF Component
Cross-Border Facilities at Cham Yeam (Koh Kong Province)
NR33 Bridges NR33 Bridges Bridges and Culverts on NR33 (22 structures between
Component Kampong Trach and Kampot)
Road Maintenance Periodic and Routine Maintenance on NR33
Road Maintenance between Kampong Trach and Kampot
Component
Road Maintenance Periodic and Routine Maintenance on NR31
CBF = cross-border facilities, NR = national road

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project 1
I. THE PROJECT AT APPRAISAL
A. The Project
1. The GMS-SCC Project extends from Kampot in Cambodia to Ca Mau in Viet Nam
through Lork-Ha Tien at the Cambodia-Viet Nam border. In Cambodia, the Project will
rehabilitate and upgrade sections of the NR31 and NR33. At appraisal, the road betterment
program in Cambodia included: upgrading the NR33 section between Kampong Trach
Lork-Ha Tien, upgrading bridges and drainage structures on NR33 between Kampot Track
and Kampot, periodic maintenance works on the Kampot-Kampong Trach NR33 section,
and routine maintenance works on NR31 between Kampong Trach and the junction with
NR3. In addition to the road works, the Project will develop cross border facilities (CBF) at
Lork-Ha Tien at the Cambodia-Viet Nam border and at Koh Kong at the Cambodia-Thailand
border.
B. Project Impact and Outcome
2. The impact of the GMS-SCC Project will be to promote economic growth in the
project area and the GMS by strengthening connectivity with neighboring countries, namely
Viet Nam and Thailand, and increasing competitiveness. The project outcome will be to
reduce transport times and costs on the GMS-SCC and induce more efficient movement of
passengers and goods within the project area and between Thailand, Cambodia and Viet
Nam. The design and monitoring framework is in Appendix 1.
C. Detailed Project Scope and Components
1. Road Improvement and Cross-Border Facilities
3. The road improvements works to be implemented under the Cambodian component

were divided into four subprojects:
(v) upgrading of a 15.8 km section of the NR33 between Kampong Trach and
Lork- Ha Tien;
(vi) repair and widening of 24 bridges between Kampong Trach and Kampot;
(vii) development of new cross-border facilities (CBF) at Lork-Ha Tien; and
(viii) development of new cross border facilities at Koh Kong.
4. The NR33 section from the steel bridge in the center of the Cambodia-Viet Nam
border to the intersection with NR31 in Kampong Trach will be upgradeto national road
standards, i.e., 2x3.5 m lanes, 2x1.5 m sealed shoulders and 2x0.5 m wide verges. The civil
works comprise widening of the existing embankment, construction of subbase and base
courses, and application of a double surface bituminous treatment. Drainage structures will
be replaced or widened as needed. The intersection with NR31 will be widened to
accommodate turning traffic and improve road safety. Apart from the intersection, no
realignment was anticipated at Appraisal.
5. The sections of the NR33 between Kampong Trach and Kampot were improved
under the World Bank Flood Rehabilitation Project. Along this section two Bailey Bridges
have been repaired, the remaining 24 bridges and culverts are narrow and in poor condition;
at Appraisal these bridges were to be repaired, widened or replaced as required under the
Project.
6. New CBFs will be constructed at Lork-Ha Tien at the Cambodia-Viet Nam border and
Koh Kong at the Cambodia-Thailand border. At Lork-Ha Tien a 4 hectare (ha) site will be
developed between the neutral zone and Lork village. New immigration, customs,

CAMCONTROL and quarantine, administration and staff quarters buildings will be

constructed totaling about 5,000 m2. Parking areas and access roads will be constructed on
either side of NR33 to separate truck activities and freight inspection from buses and cars.
The new facilities at Koh Kong will be developed on a site of about 6,000 m2. Adequate
lighting, power supply, water and sanitation services, and truck weighing facilities will be
provided at both new CBF sites. Both CBFs will be designed in compliance with the
requirements of the GMS Cross-Border Transport Agreement (GMS CBTA).
2. Road Maintenance Component
7. The Project will contribute to the development of road maintenance by providing

technical support to the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) as follows:
(i) Maintenance planning whose objective is to identify and develop the most
effective maintenance systems both routine and periodic, to maintain quality
road standards and pavement conditions throughout the road economic life;
and
(ii) Implementation of road maintenance works through contracts to be awarded
through competitive bidding to improve efficiency and determine market rates
for road maintenance.
8. In addition to the bridge works to be undertaken under the NR33 bridge component
(para. 5), a 28 km section of the NR33 requires heavy periodic maintenance to restore it to
maintainable condition. Also, a routine maintenance program will have to be developed and
implemented over the entire length of NR33 between Kampot and Lork-Ha Tien.
9. To complement the maintenance planning component (para 7, (i)), routine and

periodic maintenance works will be implemented under the Project. At Appraisal, the
maintenance works were scheduled to be implemented along the Kampot-Kampong Trach
section of the NR33 and the NR31 section between Kampong Trach and the junction with
NR3.1
10. The detailed design and implementation consultants to be recruited under the Project
will (i) undertake a condition survey of the relevant sections of NR 33 and NR31, (ii) identify
potential maintenance regimes, (iii) determine the regime that is economically optimum using
standard software packages such as Highway Development and Management (HDM)
model, (iv) undertake a capacity of the Cambodian contractors to undertake routine and
periodic road maintenance, (v) prepare model bidding documents complete with technical
specifications, and (vi) based on the findings under (iii) and (iv) identify and prepare
maintenance contract documents to implement the first three years of the optimum
maintenance regime.
11. The output of the planning and design exercise will be a demonstration project on (i)
maintenance planning, (ii) implementation of routine and periodic maintenance through
competitive biding contracts, (iii) exposure of Cambodian contractors to routine and periodic
maintenance contracts, (iv) exposure of MPWT and provincial departments of Public works
and Transport (PDPWT) to maintenance planning and maintenance contracts, and (v)
establishment of market rates for road maintenance works.
3. Consulting Services
12. Consultants to assist with the project design and implementation will be recruited
under two packages. The detailed design and implementation services (DDIS) consultant will
1
Loan 2373(SF)-CAM: GMS Southern Coastal Corridor, Report and Recommendation of the President (RRP),
November 2007, para.27.

be recruited by MPWT to prepare the project detailed designs and supervise its
implementation. The second consultant team to be recruited by the Interministerial
Resettlement Committee (IRC) will monitor the implementation of (i) the resettlement plans
and (ii) the HIV/AIDS and human trafficking program.
4. HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness and Prevention Program
13. The Project will address the risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS during construction and the
potential for increased human trafficking through an HIV/AIDS and trafficking awareness and
prevention campaign. The campaign designed to supplement ongoing programs will be
implemented in liaison with concerned agencies and non-government organizations (NGO)
with the assistance of the DDI consultants. Campaign components include advocacy actions
on HIV/AIDS and trafficking, information and education campaigns on HIV/AIDS and
trafficking, provision of comprehensive HIV/AIDS medical packages to clinics and medical
centers along the road, and monitoring through an independent monitoring consultant.
D. Project Cost and Financing Plan
14. At Appraisal, the project cost was estimated at $18.70 million, of which $10.92 million
for civil works, $2.28 million for consulting services, $0.93 million for resettlement and $4.57
million for taxes, project administration cost, financing charges during implementation and
contingencies. Further cost details are provided in Table 1.
15. The $7.0 million equivalent ADB loan from the Special Funds resources will finance
$5.40 million of the estimated civil works costs (49.45% of $10.92 million excluding $1.33
million taxes and duties) and $0.30 million of the Government administration cost; the $1.3
million balance is for contingencies and financing charges. The Government of Australia will
provide an $8.00 million equivalent grant to finance 41.85% of the civil works costs and
100% of the DDI consultant costs. The $3.7 million balance will be financed by the
Government
Table 1: Project Cost Estimate and Financing Plan at Appraisal

$ million In mid-2006 Prices
ADB Government of Government of

Australia Cambodia
Item Cost
% of Cost % of Cost % of Cost
Amount Category Amount Category Amount Category
A. Investment Costs
1. Civil Works 10.92 5.40 49.45 4.57 41.85 0.95 8.70
2. Resettlement 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 100.00
3. Consultants
a. Design and Implementation 2.22 0.00 0.00 2.22 100.00 0.00 0.00
b. Resettlement Monitoring 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 100.00
4. Taxes and Duties 1.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 100.00
Subtotal (A) 15.46 5.40 34.93 6.79 43.92 3.27 21.15
B. Recurrent Costs
1. Project Administration 0.34 0.30 88.24 0.00 0.00 0.04 11.76
Subtotal (B) 0.34 0.30 88.24 0.00 0.00 0.04 11.76
Total Base Cost 15.80 5.70 36.08 6.79 42.97 3.31 20.95
C. Contingencies 2.56 1.16 45.31 1.01 39.45 0.39 15.23
D. Financing Charges During
Implementation 0.34 0.14 41.18 0.20 58.82 0.00 0.00
Total Project Cost 18.70 7.00 8.00 3.70
% Total Project Costs 100 37 43 20
Source: RRP, Appendix 6

E. Implementation Arrangements
1. Project Management
16. MPWT is the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project with responsibility for
procurement, withdrawal of loan proceeds, engagement and direction of consultants, acting
as Employer on all works contracts, and reporting to ADB and the Government of Australia.
Responsibilities for planning and implementation will be delegated to Project Management
Unit No.3 (PMU-3), under the General Department of Public Works (GDPW), as the
implementation agency (IA) for the Project. PMU-3 will ensure that the Kampot PDPWT
establishes a provincial resettlement committee as well as district resettlement working
groups and commune resettlement task forces to be responsible for preparation and
implementation of the resettlement plan. GDPW will ensure that an updated resettlement
plan is prepared prior to any award of civil works contracts. The Kampot and Kep PDPWTs
will coordinate with the Provincial Committees for the implementation of the HIV/AIDS and
trafficking awareness and prevention program with the assistance from the DDIS consultant.
PMU-3 will make equivalent arrangements as needed with regard to the development of the
Koh Kong border facilities. The Interministerial Resettlement Committee (IRC) will recruit an
independent resettlement monitor (IRM) to monitor the implementation of the resettlement
plans and the HIV/AIDS and trafficking program. PMU-3 will have overall responsibility for
implementation of the environmental management plan (EMP) in the design and
construction stages.
2. Implementation Period
17. At Appraisal the Project was scheduled to be completed over a five-year period
starting with the recruitment of the DDI consultant in the third quarter of 2007 and ending by
30 June 2012. Detailed designs and bidding documents were expected to be completed by
late 2008 enabling procurement to be completed and construction to commence in mid
2009. The 18-month construction period was scheduled to end in June 2012. It was
anticipated that the periodic maintenance works for NR33 from Kampong Trach to Lork-Ha
Tien would be implemented over an 18-month period ending in December 2010. The routine
maintenance works on the NR31 and NR33 were scheduled over a three-year period ending
in June 2012.
3. Procurement
18. The four civil works contract packages excluding the maintenance component were
to be procured through international competitive bidding (ICB) procedures. Civil works under
the maintenance component are to be packaged in several contracts with prices ranging
from $100,000 to $1.0 million; these contracts were to be procured through national
competitive bidding (NCB) procedures acceptable to ADB. Post-qualification will be used for
both ICB and NCB procedures. All procurement activities will be managed by GDPW with
the assistance of the DDI consultants.
4. Project Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
19. The project implementation agencies with the assistance of the DDI consultants will
develop a comprehensive project performance and analysis system to be implemented
throughout the project life. Pre-project social and economic living conditions of the direct
project beneficiaries will be established through baseline data surveys to be conducted at
the commencement of the Project. A second survey will be carried out on project completion
and a third survey after a period of not less than three years after project completion. The
baseline and impact surveys will include appropriate control areas and will assess all
activities under the Project, including resettlement, and other safeguard activities and

measures. A set of indicators on transport costs, tariffs and mobility will be developed to
evaluate the impacts of improved access to the project area.
F. Project Benefits and Impacts
1. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries
20. At Appraisal the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) for the Cambodia project
components was estimated at 14.0% based on project benefits mainly deriving from vehicle
operating costs (VOC) savings and travel time savings. The results of the sensitivity testing
and risk analysis indicated that the project economic performance is robust with a very low
risk of the EIRR falling below the minimum acceptable EIRR of 12%.
21. The main beneficiaries of the Project will be the residents of the project area whose
living conditions highly rely on road transport. By reducing travel time and VOC, the Project
will promote economic activities along the road corridors and at cross-border areas, provide
employment opportunities and improve access to social services.
2. Project Impacts
22. Social and Gender. The Project has been formulated to minimize potential risks.
The road and CBF improvement will lower transport costs and improve access to markets
and social services. Improved roads and open border will boost the development of tourism.
The Project will contribute to economic growth, which may expand economic opportunities to
the poor. Also, improved roads will create job and small business opportunities for women
and will facilitate access to social services. There are no ethnic minority people in the project
area in Cambodia.
23. Resettlement. Full resettlement plans have been prepared during the ADB loan
processing for the to-be-upgraded section of the NR33 and the CBF at Lork-Ha Tien. Based
on the data provided in the original resettlement plans, 337 households will be affected by
the Project (excluding Koh Kong CBF). It will require relocation of 83 houses and 58 small
businesses and shops. Eight households will lose their entire productive landholdings
because of expansion of border facilities at Lork-Ha Tien.
24. The resettlement impact will be minimized by giving the affected persons the option
of moving back out of the corridor of impact into the remaining right-of-way, or completely
out of the right-of-way. These options will give affected persons the best opportunities for
avoiding or minimizing impacts on roadside livelihood. Project-affected persons will also be
given the option of moving right out of the right-of-way at the commencement of the project
or in the future, with all entitlements.
25. Environment. An initial environmental examination has been prepared for the NR33
section and the Lork-Ha Tien CBF. In southern Cambodia, there are no designated forests,
wildlife, or rare and endangered species or habitats in the project corridor. Vehicle related air
and noise pollution is not a major environmental issue along the corridor. However, during
dry seasons, lateritic dust from passing vehicles affects the quality of life of the residents in
the vicinity of the earth roads. By paving roads and shoulders the Project will eliminate the
dust issue. During road construction the contractors will be requested to water the base and
subbase courses to minimize the dust impact on air quality. Wastewater and solid waste
generated by the operation of the CBFs have been identified as potential environmental
issues which need to be addressed through the environmental management plan (EMP) and
the environmental monitoring plan to be implemented through the CBF civil works contracts.

II. THE PROJECT SCOPE AT INCEPTION
26. During the project inception phase from 16 June to 15 July 2009, the DDIS
consultant carried a comprehensive review of the Project through desk review and field visits
to the project sites, and held discussion with PMU-3 and other Government agencies
concerned. This section report on the findings and analyses of the project conditions
prevailing at the commencement of the Project.
A. Civil Works Packages Field Reconnaissance
27. Project-related data, documents, maps and reports were collected and reviewed;
these include the ADB prepared documents during loan processing (RRP and its
appendixes) and the data collected and reports prepared during the project preparatory
technical assistance (PPTA). The list of documents and data collected is in Appendix 2.
28. Following the desk review the DDI consultant undertook a comprehensive
reconnaissance of the project sites to assess the conditions prevailing at project inception.
The consultant and representatives from PMU-3 visited the NR33 and the proposed CBF
site at Lork-Ha Tien on 17-22 June 2009 and the proposed CBF at Koh Kong on 29 June
2009. The findings of these visits are summarized in the following paragraphs. A set of
pictures illustrating the June 2009 conditions of the project sites is in Appendix 3.
1. NR33 Upgrading
29. The conditions of the to-be-upgraded section of the NR33 between Kampong Trach
and Lork-Ha Tien were found similar to those prevailing during project preparation and
described in the PPTA report. However, some minor issues were identified which would
require further investigations and surveys during the detailed design phase.
30. Based on ground positioning system measurements the length of the NR33 section
between the junction with NR33/NR31 (Kampong Trach) and the border line at Lork-Ha Tien
would be close to 16 km and not 15.1 km as indicated in the PPTA report. The detailed
topographical survey will provide the actual length of the section to be upgraded.
31. The drainage conditions and the preliminary design of the drainage structures
prepared during PPTA are acceptable. However, while the TA report states that raising the
road embankment would not be required, there is a need to confirm this assumption; the
embankment may have to be raised to prevent overtopping. Flooding conditions need to be
reviewed.
32. The NR33/NR31 junction at Kampong Trach is shown in the TA Report as a T-

junction without any widened sections facilitating the turning movements. Actually, the
junction is a cross-shape type with a road in the alignment of the NR33 toward Lork
(Appendix 3, Figure 3.6). The junction type, T or cross-shape, will be determined based on
the traffic surveys at the junction.
33. The cross section of the currently unpaved NR33 section has to be widened and the
road embankment may be raised. The standard cross section presented in the PPTA Report
envisaged a symmetrical widening, about 4.0m, on both sides of the current road center line.
A one-side widening should also be considered as it would facilitate traffic management
during construction; however, this widening option may not be feasible due to impacts on
land acquisition and resettlement.
34. The main utility along the project road is an overhead power-line located about 5m on
the east side of the road. At the time of the field visit it was not possible to confirm whether

this line would be affected by a symmetrical widening of the road. Impact of road widening
on the existing utilities will be further determined based on the topographical survey.
35. The preliminary quantities of works estimated during PPTA need to be reworked out
based on the outcomes of the topographical survey and soils investigations. However, the
PPTA bill of quantities provides for physical contingencies which should be adequate to
cover unexpected design changes.
36. The NR33 location map between Kampong Trach and Kampot (23km paved) and a
detailed map of the to-be upgraded and currently unpaved NR33 section between Kampong
Trach and Lork-Ha Tien (15.8km) is in Appendix 4.
2. Cross-Border Facilities Lork-Ha Tien
37. The conditions of the proposed site for the development of the CBF have changed
significantly since project preparation in 2006. The neutral zone has been removed and the
border line has been established and is materialized by a monument located south of the
existing Bailey bridge.
38. Two large buildings (hotel/casinos) are being constructed on both side of the road
leading to the border after the existing Cambodian border check point. These buildings
located in the then neutral zone are on the proposed CBF site (Appendix 3, FigureA3.7).
The CBF layout proposed in the PPTA report is no longer valid. The CBF needs to be
relocated south of the buildings under construction over an about 4 hectares plot of land.
MPWT will take necessary actions to have the land of the proposed new CBF site declared
inaccessible to private investors. Relocating the CBF site will impact on the CBF conceptual
design, the resettlement plan and the CBF cost estimate.
39. The CBF conceptual design prepared during PPTA is no longer applicable; the CBF
layout should be designed within a rectangle-shape plot of land (Appendix 5, Figure A5.1).
Due to building constraints the conventional diamond-shape CBF layout, as in Bavet, does
not apply (Appendix 5, Figure A5.2). The resettlement plan prepared at Appraisal needs to
be updated to reflect the relocation of the facilities. The CBF cost estimate is likely to
increase as the depressed area and compressible soils of the new site will require more fill
materials than anticipated.
3. Cross-Border Facilities Koh Kong
40. The Koh Kong proposed CBF site is located at the Cambodia-Thailand border. The
CBF conceptual design and the resettlement plan have not been prepared at Appraisal.
During the site visit jointly conducted by PMU-3 and the DDI consultant, a plot of land of
about 4 ha has been identified as suitable for the development of the proposed CBF. The
land belongs to the owner of the hotel located at the border (Appendix 3, figures A3.11-
A3.14).
41. A tentative CBF layout requiring land from the existing hotel facilities has been
prepared (Appendix 6, Figure A6.1). Further discussions with the landlord would be
required prior to the preparation of a land acquisition and resettlement plan. The shape of
the available plot of land will governed the CBF layout; the conventional diamond-shape
concept cannot be implemented due to building constraints.
4. NR33 Bridge Component
42. The 24 bridges and drainage structures to be widened under the Project are one-lane
structures in fair to poor conditions. On a dual carriageway road (NR33) whose pavement is

good condition, these bridges are major road safety hazards due to their narrowness, an
issue aggravated by the insufficient vertical signage drawing the attention of the driver on the
pavement narrowing. Following the site visit, preliminary quantities of bridge works have
been estimated and the cost estimate of the RN33 bridge component has been updated
(para.86).
5. Road Maintenance Component
43. A preliminary assessment of the pavement conditions has been conducted on NR33
between Kampot Trach and Kampot (23 km) and NR31 between Kampong Trach and the
junction with NR3 (59 km).
44. NR33 The road width and pavement conditions are heterogeneous over the section
(Appendix 3, figures A3.15, A3.16). Pavement width varies from 5m to 7m. Some under-
designed sections, insufficient width and low embankment in particular, require rehabilitation
and upgrading works beyond the scope of periodic maintenance. Pavement roughness is
high for this type of road. Further details and findings are provided in Supplementary
Appendix 1.
45. NR31 The cross section (7m carriageway, 1.5m shoulder) is homogenous along
the section from the junction with NR3 and Kampong Trach (Supplementary Appendix 1).
There are locally affected areas with potholes and rutting with stagnated water. In some
locations especially across villages, pavement is heavily damaged mainly due to insufficient
or lack of side drainage. Several cross drainage structures with narrow decks are safety
hazard to road user. These structures should be upgraded to ensure continuity of the road
cross section (Appendix 3, figures A3.17, A3.18).
46. NR3 In addition to NR31 and NR 33, a rapid assessment of the NR3 section
between Kampot Track and Veal Renh (NR3 junction with NR4) was conducted. Apart from
2 km section starting from Veal Renh and other punctually damaged sections, the about 56
km section is in good to fair condition. The 2 km heavily damaged section will be
reconstructed under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Operation Program. The sections
punctually damaged or showing signs of distress will require heavy repairs to maintain the
service level. More details on NR3 pavement conditions are provided in Supplementary
Appendix 1.
B. Safeguard Measures
1. Resettlement
47. The upgrading of the NR33 section between Kampong Trach and Lork-Ha Tien at the
Cambodia-Viet Nam border involves the establishment of a Corridor of Impact (COI) of about
16 km within the road right-of-way (ROW). The relevant section of the PPTA Report is
comprehensive and contains all the required elements of a Resettlement Plan.
48. The COI will be redefined if required during detailed geometric design. The PPTA
report clearly states that the affected people (APs) shall be compensated for land use,
structures, crops and trees. The Resettlement Plan (RP) prepared at project appraisal and
covering both NR33 section upgrading and the development of CBF at Lork-Ha Tien will be
updated based on the Detailed Measurement Surveys (DMS) to be carried out during the
detailed design phase.
49. At Lork-Ha Tien border crossing, the relocation of the CBF (para.38) will affect
structures (residential or residential/commercial structures) and also agricultural land,
residential and residential/commercial land and trees. The sections of the RP at Appraisal
dealing with CBF land requirements and resettlement will require in depth revisions.

50. As resettlement issues associated with the development of the Koh Kong CBF were
not envisaged at Appraisal, a complete resettlement plan has to be prepared for the CBF at
Koh Kong. The required information will be collected during the design phase upon
acceptance by the Government of the proposed CBF conceptual design. During the site visit,
a plot of land of about 4 hectares has been identified to accommodate the facilities; the land
mostly located inside a private hotel property belongs to the hotels owner. About 30 small
businesses would also be affected.
51. As provided for in the project implementation arrangements (para.16) the IRC and
the Social and Environmental Unit (SEU) of MPWT will be responsible for the development
and implementation of the RP. More details on resettlement are provided in Appendix 7.
2. Environment
52. An initial environment examination (IEE) was conducted for the NR33 section to be
upgraded and the CBF at Lork-Ha Tien. The IEE indicate that environmental impacts
associated with the NR33 upgrading are minor provided that the mitigation measures as
defined in the IEE are implemented. Most of the potential impacts will occur during
construction; these are of a temporary nature and can be mitigated through adequate
measures. However, the environmental impacts of CBFs operation need to be further
considered during the design phase.
53. The environmental management plans (EMP) and environmental monitoring program
(EMoP) have been prepared for the NR33 upgrading and Lork-Ha Tien CBF during project
preparation. These will be reviewed and amended as required based on the detailed design.
EMP and EMoP will be attached to the civil works contracts for implementation by the
contractors.
54. Since IEE, EMP and EMoP are not available for the development of CBF at Koh
Kong these will be prepared during the detailed design phase.
3. HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness and Prevention program
55. The following paragraphs summarize the outcomes of the inception desk review and
field visits, related to the social safeguard programs to be implemented under the Project. A
detailed inception report on HIV/AIDS and trafficking awareness and prevention program is
provided in Appendix 8.
56. Cambodia is one of the countries severely affected by HIV in south-east Asia.
Despite a decline in prevalence from 3.3% in 1998 to 1.6% in 2006, over 250,000 people
have been infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic in 1991, and over 16,000
people have died of AIDS. In 2003, the overall HIV prevalence among adults was 1.9%,
which represents a decline from a peak of 3.0% in 1997.
57. The decline in prevalence is attributed to a combination of high mortality rates among
those infected with HIV and successful HIV prevention programs among some populations.
These programs were the result of committed efforts on the part of the Government, non-
governmental organizations and civil society. The new challenge is not to become
complacent while the highest levels of HIV infection are still to be found among sex workers,
men who have sex with men, men in uniform, and drug users; national statistics show that
the epidemic is also shifting from these traditionally high-risk populations into the general
population. The highest number of new infections now occurs among housewives as men
switch to having casual sex with sweethearts'.6
6
Web site of Alliance linking organization: Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance (KHANA).

58. Women play an important role both at household and community levels. Even though
they have overall social equality, they have lower literacy levels and earn less than men.
The National Constitution promulgates equity of genders and empowerment of women and
also provides for reservation of seats in the political arena.
59. Cambodia is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children
trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor to Thailand, China,
Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia. Cambodian men are primarily trafficked to Thailand for
labor exploitation in the construction and agricultural sectors, particularly the fishing industry.
Cambodian children are trafficked to Viet Nam and Thailand to work as street beggars.
60. During 2000-2004 a total of 1,397 known cases of trafficking took place across Viet
Nams south-western border and most of the women were from the Mekong Delta; another
2,917 known cases across the northern border were recorded during the same period.
During 2000-2004, Vietnamese officials reported that 3,667 trafficked women returned from
China and Cambodia. These estimates are low and Vietnamese authorities state that there
are over 6,000 cases of migrating or missing people that are suspected of being trafficked.
The project areas are close to Vietnam and Thailand borders, and it is likely that trafficking is
taking place unknown to local communities.
61. During Inception visits, there were incidents reported in the Kampot Project area but
without any specific data, while for Koh Kong the situation appeared to be more severe.
According to Healthcare Center for Children (HCC) in Koh Kong, from October 2008 to July
2009, there were 351 persons including 88 women and girls trafficked across the border to
Thailand. Among them, 291 persons were designated as Trafficking Labor (TL) with 38
female; 26 persons were Trafficking for Sexual (TS); 25 persons Domestic Violence (DV)
with 5 children; and 9 persons Sexual Abuse/Rape (SA).
Table 2: Communes and Villages Affected by the Project
Communes Population (2004) Villages

Project Area Kampot Communes and Villages
Kampong Trach Keut 10,025 Kampong Trach I, Kohn Khlout, Koh Tachan, Robang Krass
Kampoul Meas, Damnak Trobe
Reussey Srok Lech 9,689
Tropeang Neal, Lork, Thkov/ Preak Chak
Project Area Koh Kong Communes and Villages
Bak Khlang Muoy, Bak Khlang Pir, Bak Khlang Bei, Boeng
Bak Khlang 9,825
Kachhang, Kaoh Pao, Neang Kok, Cham Yeam
Peam Krasaob 1,568 Peam Krasob Ti Muoy, Peam Krasob Ti Pir
Tuol Kokir Leu 897 Tuol Kokir Kraom, Tuol Kokir Leu, Ta Chat, Kaoh Chak
Source: 2004 Census Data.
62. Based on the preliminary findings reported above the DDI consultant will develop a
plan to implement HIV/AIDS and trafficking awareness and prevention programs
concurrently with the implementation of the civil works. The proposed planning methodology
would involve:
(i) Desk Research: all secondary documents will be reviewed to understand
available information and gaps if any. Indicative documents that will be
reviewed include:
- Guidelines on the prevention and protection against HIV/AIDS;
- Strategic Plans for HIV/AIDS and STD Prevention and Care;
- Gender Policies and Guidelines;
- Guidelines on the prevention and protection against HIV/AIDS;

- Guidelines/Laws of prevention of Trafficking;

- Reports of INGOs/NGOs/CBOs;
- Reports of various United Nations and other organizations;
- Available communication and training materials; and
- ADB TA reports and other relevant documentation.
(ii) For primary survey, qualitative methods would be used. It will include Focus
Group Discussions (FGD) with communities, Depth Interviews (DI) with key
informants and Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) & Social Mapping
(SM) where necessary with communities;
(iii) Mapping of local NGOs;
(iv) Collection of village profiles; and
(v) Conducting planning and training needs assessment workshops for
stakeholders.
63. The expected outcomes would be:

(i) A baseline report on gender, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections
(STIs) and trafficking for the two project provinces including epidemiological
information and medical package;
(ii) A 30 months plan for implementation of the HIV/AIDS and trafficking
awareness and prevention programs;
(iii) Organizing STI services, counseling and voluntary testing for HIV/AIDS,
condom promotion, and distribution.
C. Project Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
1. Project Evaluation
64. Evaluating the project performance based on the expected outputs, impacts and
outcomes outlined in the project design and monitoring framework (DMF, Appendix 1) will
consist in measuring or assessing the changes of a set of performance indicators from the
pre-project situation to the post-project conditions (Appendix 9). A list of indicators meeting
the requirements of the DMF will be established; the list will be complemented with other
parameters deemed necessary to assess comprehensively the effects of all project
components, including the safeguard measures. The pre-project value of the indicators will
be established through baseline data surveys to be undertaken by the DDI consultants. A
second round of surveys will be implemented prior to project completion, in the first half of
2012. A third survey is expected to be conducted by MPWT three years after project
completion to assess the project impacts and outcomes resulting from the initial operations
of the facilities.
2. Project Management and Implementation Monitoring
65. A computerized project management system will be developed and run to follow up
on and monitor the project implementation activities; the system development will give
particular consideration to: (i) the description, timeliness, and cost and quality of the physical
infrastructures to be implemented under the Project; (ii) integrity of the procurement
processes and resettlement activities; (iii) effectiveness of capacity building; and (iv) scope,
timeframe, and cost and quality of the outputs to be delivered under the social safeguard
related components, HIV/AIDS and trafficking awareness and prevention programs in
particular.

66. As part of the implementation monitoring, the DDI consultant in consultation with
PMU-3 will develop and maintain a website with main objective to ensure transparency of
the project activities; for each procurement process, the following information will be
uploaded to the website within four weeks after each contract award: (i) list of participating
bidders; (ii) name of winning bidder; (iii) key details on the bidding procedure; (iv) contract
amount as awarded; (d) list of goods and/or services procured; and (e) intended and actual
utilization of the loan proceeds under each contract
D. Capacity Building
1. Resettlement
67. The Social and Environment Unit (SEU) of the MPWT, with guidance from the
Interministerial Resettlement Committee (IRC) at the Ministry of Economy and Finance
(MEF), will be responsible for updating, implementing, and internal monitoring of
resettlement activities. Provincial Resettlement Committees (PRCs), as well as District
Resettlement Working Groups (DRWGs) and Commune Resettlement Task Forces (CRTFs)
will be responsible for preparation and implementation of the resettlement plan.
68. The Consultant will prepare and implement capacity building training programs for
PMU3, SEU, IRC, PRCs, DRWGs, and CRTFs to ensure the effective updating and
implementation of resettlement activities.
69. Based on a rapid assessment during the Inception phase, the training programs
would cover the following:
(i) training on all aspects of the resettlement process, with particular

attention to the policy and legal requirements for resettlement; RP
requirements; all aspects of resettlement planning, implementation, and
monitoring; and risk assessment and management; and,
(ii) training on identification of affected persons; methodology for conducting

census, DMS, and socioeconomic survey; concept of tangible and
intangible assets; geographic information systems and mapping techniques;
and asset valuation at replacement cost and resettlement cost estimation,
participatory and community development skills, conflict resolution and
mediation, risk assessment and management, RP preparation,
implementation strategy.
70. The trainees will be exposed to the practical aspects of resettlement, particularly
those applied to the Project. The training would also include training in advocacy; design
and implementation of sustainable livelihood programs; integrated development
planning; and monitoring and evaluation.
71. In addition, at implementation level, a capacity building training program on

resettlement activities will be designed for women and men commune officials, and women
and men from affected households. Participation of poor women in the training will be
ensured. The training will also include representatives from line agencies and district
womens officials involved in resettlement committees.
72. The training will include information on resettlement activities, compensation,

management of compensation money, grievance procedures, and the impact of the Project
on livelihood activities related to loss of agricultural production and other productive assets.
The objective of the training is to provide affected communities with an understanding of

resettlement issues and better access to compensation resources and information on

grievance procedures.
2. Social Development Components
73. The envisaged goal of social development, gender, and HIV/AIDS and trafficking
awareness and prevention program is to support the Government policy on reduce
vulnerability of HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking in target areas through the provision of
gender mainstreaming; raising awareness community; and, enhancement of rural livelihood
in Kampong Trach 1 and Reusey Srok Lech Commune, Kampot Province and Pak Khlang
Commune, Koh Kong Province.
74. In order to meet the above objective, the PPTA recommended: Capacity Building for
Implementing Partners in developing and using Information Education Communication (IEC)
materials for generating awareness for HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections and
Human Trafficking Prevention and Gender mainstreaming and also bringing about behaviour
change among targeted vulnerable groups.
75. Capacity building needs would vary in content and depth among different
stakeholders. The stakeholders of various types would undergo training in order to
implement the social improvement/mitigation measures in the field. A high level of
commitment is required from all concerned. It may be noted here that SEU, contractors
representatives and implementing partners (service providers) would be present in most of
the training sessions and workshops. All activities will be documented.
76. Table 3 below outlines the types and number of capacity building programs
envisaged for the Project and the performance indicators for monitoring.
Table 3: Social Development - Indicative Capacity Building Program and

Performance Indicators
Program/Type of Stakeholder Performance Indicators

1. Training of Trainers (ToT) to Project staff 6 ToT conducted;
responsible for implementation at grass 40 ToT participants trained and be able to conduct
root level. This will include basic and training for others;
refresher training. Quality of Session Plan for ToT prepared;
Quality of Training Manual;
Participatory methodologies applied;
Number of ToT participants trained and able to
conduct training for others.

2. Peer educators on HIV/AIDS and Human Agenda for training;
Trafficking Prevention; and Gender- Training Manuals made available;
sensitive participatory techniques and 4 Training conducted;
participatory methodologies. 100 peer educators with equal number of male and
female staff trained; and are able to provide key
message to target communities;
Training and IEC materials made available;
Participatory methodologies applied.
3. Conduct advocacy workshop involving

relevant stakeholders such as PMU3, 2 workshops conducted.
SEU, PCCA, DCCAs, contractors, NGOs
and other departments (health, social
affairs, gender, police, education, etc.).

Program/Type of Stakeholder Performance Indicators

4. Raising awareness among construction 5 training workshops conducted;
workers on HIV and Human Trafficking 100 construction workers trained.
Prevention.
5. Raising awareness of high risk groups. 4 training workshop conducted;
100 high risk group trained
6. Conduct Community Education 24 Campaigns/events conducted;
Campaign. 5000 community people attended the events.
7. Developed and distributed IEC materials 4 types of HIV prevention materials developed and
on HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking distributed;
Prevention and Gender Mainstreaming 6 types of human trafficking prevention materials
developed and distributed;
6 types of gender mainstreaming materials
developed and distributed.
ToT = training of trainers
3. Environment
77. PMU-3 has the overall responsibility for implementation of the environment
management plan (EMP) in the design and construction stages. EMP requirements during
operations will be monitored by SEU.
78. The objective of the environment capacity building program is to enhance

effectiveness and efficiency in implementing environmental assessment (EA) and
Environmental Management (EM) procedures for the Project. This will be achieved by
improving the capacity of the PMU-3 and SEU (as well other project teams at provincial
levels, as necessary) through capacity building training programs in EA, EM, and EMP
implementation.
79. To upgrade existing capabilities in order for the PMU-3, SEU and other project teams
to meet the requirements of the Project and other future projects, with respect to
environmental assessment, management, implementation, and safeguard, the training would
be designed to: (i) identify EA and EM capacity building and training needs, and priorities; (ii)
custom design training courses (formal and on-the-job) to meet these needs; and undertake
training as part of a strategy for capacity building; and (iii) encourage networking of PMU-3,
SEU and other project staff and teams to facilitate exchange of information and develop new
skills in the following main areas: (a) policies, procedures and best practices related to EA
and EM methodologies; (b) stakeholder analysis; (c) participatory rapid appraisal; (d) basic
research methodologies; and (e) participatory monitoring and evaluation.
80. Based on rapid assessment during the project inception phase, training requirements
would generally be on: (i) basic knowledge and skills enhancement; and (ii) increase of
professional capacity to carry out their works. The main thrust of training will therefore be
placed towards enabling PMU-3 and SEU to efficiently perform their works for the Project,
and a targeted capacity increase within the whole projects working teams.
81. Assessing the actual training needs will be done by defining the required job
competencies and comparing them with the existing competencies of the target staff/trainees
to receive formal and on-the-job training. The training needs assessment will determine the
training content and the methodology to be applied. When identifying the training needs, the
position of the staff to be trained will be given attention, as all people concerned with the
Project operates in a field of relationships and interdependencies.

III. UPDATED PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
A. Background
82. The $18.7 million project cost estimate at Appraisal is based mainly on price
conditions prevailing at the time of project preparation (PPTA), i.e., mid-2006. During the
project inception phase June-July 2009, the DDI consultant comprehensively (i) reviewed the
estimated cost of the project components with particular attention to the civil works packages
representing about 60% of the total project cost, and (ii) reworked the cost schedules based
on price conditions prevailing in mid-2009. Detailed cost breakdown are in Appendix 10.
B. Civil Works Packages Updated Cost Estimates
1. NR33 Upgrading Kampot Trach Lork-Ha Tien
83. The base cost7 of the upgrading works on the 15.8 km Kampot Trach Lork-Ha Tien
section of the NR33 were reestimated at about $3.76 million against $2.85 million at project
preparation (Appendix 10, Table A10.1). The 32% increase is attributed to normal price
escalation combined with the hike caused by the 2008 financial crisis. A cost analysis
reveals that the increase primarily affects the major work items, i.e., earthworks, and
pavement structure. The about $0.32 million estimated cost per km is consistent with those
derived from an analysis of recent road work contracts (Appendix 10, Table A10.2).
2. Lork- Ha Tien Cross-border Facilities (CBF)
84. The CBF civil works at Lork Ha Tien were estimated at $1.39 million (base cost) at
project preparation; at project inception the base cost has been revised at $2.39 million, a
72% increase (Appendix 10, Table A10.4). A review of recently award building contracts,
the CBF at Bavet in particular, confirm the consistency of the estimated cost with the current
market prices (Appendix 10, Table A10.6).
3. Koh Kong Cross-border Facilities (CBF)
85. Preliminary bill of quantities for Koh Kong CBF were not available at project inception
since this component was not envisaged during project preparation. To be consistent with
the cost estimate at Appraisal, the DDI consultant assumed that the Koh Kong CBF cost
estimate is similar to the Lork-Ha Tien CBF. While the Koh Kong CBF site would be slightly
smaller than at Lork-Ha Tien, the site development will involve rock excavation on one side
of the road and reclaiming on the other. Accordingly the CBF at Koh Kong is estimated to
cost $2.39 million (base cost).
4. NR33 Bridges
86. At project inception the base cost of the NR33 bridge component has been
reestimated at about $2.56 million against $1.20 million during project preparation
(Appendix 10, Table A10.7). The updated cost per square meter of deck stands at $1,600
which is consistent with the actual costs of recent bridge construction contracts (Appendix
10, Table A10.8).
5. NR33 Maintenance
87. The updated estimate of the maintenance cost for the NR33 section Kampong Trach-
Kampot is based on the road and pavement conditions prevailing during the consultants site
7
Base costs exclude taxes and duties, and physical and price contingencies.

visit in June 2009. The about 36 km section of NR33 to be maintained consists of: (i) a 14
km stretch with a 7 m double bituminous surface treatment (DBST) carriageway and 1.5 m
laterite shoulders that has been fully rehabilitated under the Flood Emergency Rehabilitation
Project (FERP);8 and a 22 km section with a 6 m DBST carriageway and 1.5 m laterite
shoulders that has been repaired under the FERP.
88. Based on the consultants assessment of the road conditions as of June 2009, the
road would require the following major repair and for some stretches, reconstruction works.
(i) 14 km section fully rehabilitated:
about 2,940 m2 depressed and rutted to be reconstructed from the top of the
embankment;
about 4,900 m2 distressed requires reconstruction from base course;
about 9,800 m2 of with cracked pavement needs DBST resealing;
potholes to be repaired (about three 2.0 x 2.0 m potholes per kilometer);
about 8,400 m2 of shoulders to strengthened and graded; and
about 1.00 km of ditches to be constructed.
(ii) 22 km section repaired under FERP:
about 19,800 m2 depressed and rutted to be reconstructed from the top of the
embankment;
about 39,600 m2 distressed requires reconstruction from base course;
about 66,000 m2 of slightly cracked pavement needs DBST resealing;
potholes to be repaired (about five 2.0 x 3.0 potholes per kilometer);
about 26,400 m2 of shoulder to be strengthened and graded; and
about 10.0 km of ditches to be constructed.
89. In addition to these repair and reconstruction works, routine maintenance would have
to be implemented over the 18-month project period. Based on the above proposed works
the base cost of the NR33 upgrading and maintenance works has been reestimated at about
$1.9 million as detailed in Appendix 10, Table A10.9.
6. NR31 Maintenance
90. The 58 km section of NR31 from Bek Kous village to the junction with NR33 at
Kampong Trach is a 7.0 m DBST carriageway with 1.5 m laterite shoulders. Based on the
consultants assessment of the road and structure conditions carried out in June 2009 the
following works would be required to restore the original road standards.
about 12,180 m2 depressed and rutted pavement requires reconstruction from

the top of the embankment;
about 20, 300 m2 needs to be reconstructed from the base course;
about 40,600 m2 of cracked pavement surface needs DBST resealing;
potholes to be repaired (about three 2.0 x 3.0 m potholes per kilometer);
about 34,800 m2 of shoulders need to be strengthened and graded; and
about 2.0 km of side ditches to be constructed.
91. Based on the proposed rehabilitation works the base cost of the road works on NR31
is reestimated at about $4.34 million as detailed in Appendix 10, Table A10.10
8
World Bank funded project, Flood Emergency Rehabilitation Project, National Road Component, IDA credit
No.3472 KH.

7. NR31 Structures
92. While not included in the project scope at Appraisal, the bridge and drainage
structures along the NR31 section under consideration would need to be repaired and
widened and nine bridges and 12 culverts should be reconstructed. These rehabilitation
works would be required to bring the road structures up to the standards of the adjoining
NR33. The rehabilitation cost of the NR31 structures has been estimated at about $3.5
million as detailed in Appendix 10, table A10.11.
8. NR3
93. The consultant conducted a rapid assessment of the NR3 between Trapang Ropow
to NR4, a 68 km road section with a 7.0 m DBST carriageway and 1.5 m paved shoulders.
Based on the road conditions prevailing in June 2009, the following improvement works
would be required to restore national road standards and safe operating conditions.
about 23,800 m2 of depressed and rutted road needs to be reconstructed from

the top of the embankment;
about 47,600 m2 of distressed pavement structure requires reconstruction
from the base course;
about 68,000 m2 of cracked pavement needs DBST resealing;
potholes to be repaired (about five 2.0 x 2.0 m potholes per kilometer); and
about 8.0 km of side ditches to be constructed.
94. The above road improvement works are estimated at about $2.6 million (base cost)
as detailed in Appendix 10, Table A10.12.
C. Resettlement
95. Land acquisition and resettlement would be mainly required for the development of
the CBFs at Lork Ha Tien and Koh Kong, and the upgrading of the NR33 section between
Kampot Trach and Lork. The other civil works packages, NR33 bridge repair and widening
and road maintenance on NR31 and NR33, will be implemented along the existing alignment
and within the existing right-of-way; they will not require land acquisition or resettlement.
96. At Appraisal, the land acquisition and resettlement cost for the Project was estimated
at $0.93 million. A review of the project documents reveals that the resettlement plan
prepared at Appraisal does not cover the development of Koh Kong CBF; the ensuing cost
for Koh Kong would not be included in the $0.93 million total cost. The land acquisition and
resettlement cost has been tentatively increased up $1.5 million to include Koh Kong related
cost and price escalation from mid 2006 (project appraisal) to mid 2009 prices (project
inception).
D. Updated Project Cost Estimate
1. Civil Works Packages
97. Based on price conditions prevailing in mid 2009 the total base cost of the five civil
works packages has been reevaluated at $17.34 million against the $10.92 million estimate
at Appraisal (Table 4).

Table 4: Updated Civil Works Cost Estimate Base Costs

$ million In mid-2009 Prices
Civil Works Component Estimated Costa
$ million
At DDIS Increase
Appraisalb Consultant Percentage
Estimatec %
NR 33 Improvement - Kampong Trach-Lork-Ha 2.84 3.76 32
Tien
Kampong Trach-Kampot Bridges and Culverts 1.20 2.56 113
Cross-border Facilities at Lork-Ha Tiend 1.39 2.39 72
d
Cross-border Facilities at Koh Kong 1.39 2.39 72
Road Maintenance 4.10 6.24 52
Total 10.92 17.34 59
a
Costs excluding taxes and duties
b
In mid-2006 price conditions
c
In mid-2009 prices
d
Facilities to be provided under the Project meet the minimum requirements to ensure operation as required by
the GMS-CBTA.
98. The 59% increase in the civil works base cost is attributed to significant price
escalation in 2008 and larger than expected quantities of works, mainly for the CBF at Lork
Ha Tien and the NR33 section to be upgraded. The CBF at Lork Ha Tien is to be relocated in
a depressed area consisting of compressible soils; as a result the quantity of fill materials
has increased significantly. Besides, the preliminary functional design of the facilities showed
that the buildings requirements would be more than anticipated. Likewise, the NR33 section
upgrading will require embankment raising on compressible soils; the amount of works
actually required will be confirmed based on the results of soil investigations to be carried
out during the design phase.
2. Total Project Cost
99. The total cost of the Project as designed at appraisal has been reestimated at $26.53
million, about 42% over the appraisal estimate of $18.70 million (Table 5).
Table 5: Updated Project Cost Estimate
$ million
Cost Estimate Updated Cost

Item at Appraisal Estimate Increase
Mid-2006 Mid-2009 %
A. Investment Costs
1. Civil Works 10.92 17.34 59
2. Resettlement 0.93 1.50 62
3. Consultants
a. Design and Implementation 2.22 2.22 00
b. Resettlement Monitoring 0.06 0.06 00
4. Taxes and Duties 1.33 2.11 59
Subtotal (A) 15.46 23.23 50
B. Recurrent Costs
1. Project Administration 0.34 0.38 12
Subtotal (B) 0.34 0.38
Total Base Cost 15.80 23.61 49
C. Contingencies 2.56 2.92 14
D. Financing Charges During Implementation 0.34 0.34 00
Total Project Cost 18.70 26.53 42

IV. PROPOSED REVISION TO THE PROJECT SCOPE
A. Proposed Project Downsizing Options
100. Since the financing plan envisaged at project appraisal, i.e., $7.0 million from ADB,
$8.0 million from the Government of Australia and $3.7 million from the Government, is
unlikely to change, there would be a need to downsize the original project scope to bring
down the project cost to the original estimate of $18.7 million.
101. The project scope at Appraisal consisted of the following six civil works packages
(CW):
(i) CW 1: NR33 section upgrading from Kampong Trach - Lork-Ha Tien

(ii) CW 2: Cross-border facilities at Lork Ha Tien
(iii) CW 3: Cross-border facilities at Koh Kong
(iv) CW 4: NR33 Bridges repair and widening
(v) CW 5: NR33 periodic and routine maintenance (Kampong Trach-Kampot); and
(vi) CW 6: NR31 periodic and routine maintenance (Bek Kous-Kampong Trach).
102. As a result of the road condition assessment conducted by the consultants during the
project inception phase two additional civil works packages would be required to achieve a
comprehensive road betterment project within the southern coastal corridor; these are:
(i) CW 7: rehabilitation and widening of bridges and drainage structures along the
NR31 section between Bek Kous and Kampong Trach; and
(ii) CW 8: NR3 road maintenance.
103. A set of five options combining the above listed packages has been identified;
packages combination and option cost estimate are summarized in Table 6. While options 1
to 3 would be the most appropriate to meet the anticipated project impact and outcome (para
2), they are not implementable due to budget constraints, their estimated cost is well above
the financing resources. Option 4 would be within the available project budget but the
anticipated project objectives would be partly met only. By adding road maintenance on
NR3, i.e., option 5, the project cost would remain within the funds available and the project
downsizing impact on the objectives would be minimized. Accordingly option 5 consisting of
packages CW 1, CW 2, CW 3 and CW 8, would be the consultant-recommended revised
project scope.
104. It should be noted that the road maintenance packages (CW 5 and CW 6) proposed
to be removed from the original project scope under option 5 are no longer implementable as
road maintenance demonstration projects as envisaged at Appraisal. The section of NR31
and NR33 to be maintained under the original project deteriorated since project preparation
in 2006; based on the findings of the consultants assessment of June 2009 about 2.0 km of
the NR31 section and 4.0 km of NR33 section would need to be reconstructed; and
pavement structure would require reconstruction on about 3.0 km of NR31 section and 7.5
km of NR33 section. These reconstruction works are beyond the scope of periodic
maintenance works.
105. While option 5 would be the option to be implemented under a proposed revised
project to be financed by ADB and the Government of Australia with counterpart funds from
the Government, a comprehensive road betterment program within the Southern Coastal
Corridor would require that packages CW 4, CW 5, CW 6 and CW 7 be implemented under
a separate project concurrently with the proposed ADB-AusAID-financed packages. Such a
comprehensive approach through two separate projects would fully achieved (i) the impact
of promoting economic growth by strengthening connectivity with the neighboring countries,

and (ii) the outcome of reducing transport time and costs and inducing more efficient
movement of passengers and goods between Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam.
106. The detailed design and implementation consultant has been reported that the
Government intended to remove from the original project scope the bridge component (CW
4) and the routine and periodic maintenance on NR31 and NR33 section (CW 5 and CW 6).
Also, MPWT advised the May-June 2009 ADB Mission that the Government of Korea
through the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM) would be interested in financing these civil
works packages.9 The Mission requested MPWT to prepare a proposal outlining the options
for change in project scope.
107. The likely change in project scope that the financing constraints would impose will
need to be comprehensively reviewed and analyzed in terms of cost implications and
impacts on the project objectives as anticipated at Appraisal. Section B below briefly reviews
the likely implications and impacts of the change in scope recommended by the DDI
consultant (Option 5).
108. In the event that the NR31 and NR33 road maintenance packages and the NR33
bridge repair and widening component are implemented under a KEXIM-financed project,
there will be need to ensure that the scope of this project is consistent with the as-appraised
ADB-AusAID-financed project especially with regard to the safeguard measures, i.e.,
resettlement, environment, and HIV/AIDS and trafficking awareness and prevention
program. Likewise, ensuring achievements of the early anticipated objectives and optimizing
benefits would require that the optional KEXIM-financed project be implemented soon after
and under arrangements similar to those applying to the ADB-AusAID-financed project. Also,
the monitoring and evaluation program of the optional KEXIM-financed project, starting with
the project design and monitoring framework, should be consistent with that developed for
the ADB-AusAID-financed project. These concerns about project consistency will be fully
addressed as part of a project redesigning process once the Government requests the
financiers to consider a change in scope and KEXIMs contribution is confirmed.
9
The consultant has not been officially advised of these possible changes in scope; these were recorded in the
memorandum of understanding (MOU) of the ADB review Mission of May-June 2009 (para. 11) along with the
Government of Koreas interest in financing the NR31 and NR33 maintenance packages.

Table 6: Civil Works Packaging Options
Base Cost
Civil Works
Increase/
Option Scope of Works CW1 CW2 CW3 CW4 CW5 CW6 CW7 CW8 Base Costs Remark
Decreasea
$ million
%
All civil works packages Cost increase due to significant price
1
anticipated at Appraisal.
17.34 59
escalation in 2008.
All civil works packages NR31 structure improvements would be
anticipated at Appraisal plus required to restore national road
upgrading of bridges and standards and remove road safety
2 drainage structures on NR31. 20.10 84 hazards through the entire section
between Kampong Trach and junction
with NR3.
Excluding NR33 routine and While downsized compared to the

periodic maintenance and NR33 original scope, the civil works packages
bridge component; including
3
NR31 periodic and routine 15.61 43 under this scenario will enable the
Project to achieve the anticipated
maintenance and NR31 structure impact and outcome.
improvements.
NR33 section upgrading and Keeping only the three main original
components is likely to impact on the
4 development of CBF at Lork and 8.54 - 22
anticipated project outcome and impact
Koh Kong.
but not significantly.
NR33 section upgrading and While slightly exceeding funds
development of CBF at Lork and available, this option is recommended
5 Koh Kong plus NR3 road 11.1 9 as the most appropriate to achieve the
maintenance. original project objectives within tyeh
budget constraints.
CW = civil works, CBF = cross-border facilities
a
Comparison between the $10.92 million civil works base cost at Appraisal with the updated base cost of the civil works under a given scenario.
CW1 NR33 section upgrading Kampong Trach - Lork-Ha Tien CW5 Periodic and routine maintenance on NR33 section Kampong Trach-Kampot
CW2 Cross-border facilities at Lork Ha Tien CW6 Periodic and routine maintenance on NR31
CW3 Cross-border facilities at Koh Kong CW7 NR31 structures improvement
NR33 Bridges repair and widening (22 structures between CW8 NR3 road maintenance
CW4 Kampong Trach and Kampot).

Inception Report
B. Impacts of Proposed Change in Scope
109. The following paragraphs deal with the likely impacts of (i) downsizing the as-
appraised Project and (i) rescheduling original project components under a new project
expected to be financed by the Government of Korea through KEXIM on the Project as
designed at Appraisal. These should be read as a preliminary impact assessment that will be
refined and complemented upon a final decision on the downsizing option.
1. Proposed ADB and AusAID-Financed Project
110. Based on the DDI consultants recommendations the proposed revised project scope
would consist of the following components: (i) upgrading NR33 section between Kampong
Trach and Lork Ha Tien, (ii) development of cross-border facilities at Lork Ha Tien and
Koh Kong, and (iii) road maintenance on NR3 between Kampot and Veal Renh. The
HIV/AIDS and human trafficking awareness and prevention program as well as all other
activities and measures addressing social and environmental issues in compliance with ADB
safeguard policy remain under the proposed downsized project as envisaged at Appraisal.
111. The proposed change in project scope would not affect the project impact and
outcome anticipated at Appraisal. Through NR33 upgrading and development of CBFs, the
project impact is still to promote economic growth in the project area and the GMS by
strengthening connectivity between Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam and increasing
competitiveness.
112. The outcome of the proposed revised project will be to reduce transport times and
costs within the GMS southern coastal corridor and induce more efficient movement of
passengers and goods within the project area and between the GMS countries. The design
and monitoring framework would need to be amended to reflect the proposed changes in
project scope but the amendments would be minor only.
113. Apart from the maintenance component, the outputs including the HIV/AIDS
prevention program would remain unchanged. The downsizing of the original road
maintenance activities affects only partly the anticipated outputs. As originally designed the
Project was to develop the concept of road maintenance through competitively bid contracts
and have it implemented through demonstration projects. The maintenance planning
component remains under the proposed revised project. The proposed change in scope
would affect the scope and location of the demonstration contracts only. Such a change
should be regarded as minor since the key project output, standard contracts for routine and
periodic road maintenance, would have to be prepared by the DDI consultants as originally
envisaged.
114. The cost estimate of the proposed revised project would be kept around $18.7
million; the ADB and Government of Australia financing contributions would remain
unchanged at $7.00 million and $8.00 million respectively and the Government counterpart
financing at about $4.0 million.
115. The economic viability of the proposed revised project has been reevaluated based
on updated investment costs and traffic data and considering VOC and travel time savings
as well as time and offloading operation savings at the borders with Thailand and Viet
Nam.10 The EIRR for the entire proposed revised project has been reestimated by the DDI
consultant at 25%. Without taking into account the savings in cross-border operations, the
10
While not available at project inception, the results of the economic analysis update of March 2010 are
reported in this revised version of the inception report (May 2010) to clarify the impact of the proposed change
on the project economic viability, a key decision parameter.

Inception Report
EIRR stands at 21% consistent with the 23% EIRR estimated in the 2006 PPTA report. The
VOC and travel time savings, and savings in offloading operations and processing time at
the borders used in calculating the as-appraised 14% EIRR have been reviewed and
reevaluated by the DDI consultants based on recent traffic forecasts and found higher than
anticipated at Appraisal; the savings resulting from the Project, those related to VOC in
particular, offset the increase in investment costs and bring the EIRR to the level estimated
during the PPTA.
2. Optional KEXIM-financed Project
116. To the consultants knowledge at project inception, the financing by KEXIM of the
components proposed to be removed from the Project is an option to overcome the financing
constraint the Project is facing. This option needs to be further discussed between the
Government and the financiers ADB, AusAID and KEXIM, prior to processing a change in
project scope and having it approved by ADB and AusAID.
117. The components proposed to be rescheduled would consist of: (i) repair and
widening of NR33 bridges between Kampong Trach and Kampot and (ii) routine and periodic
maintenance including where required road rehabilitation of (a) the NR31 section between
Bekous (junction with NR3) and Kampong Trach, and (b) the NR33 section between Kampot
and Kampong Trach.
118. Based on the consultants findings at project inception, the impact of rescheduling
these components on the as-appraised project objectives, implementation arrangements and
safeguards associated with the Project are expected to be minor. Minimizing the impacts
and ensuring consistency between both projects would require that the optional KEXIM-
financed project be prepared and implemented based on the development objectives that
governed the ADB-AusAID-financed project.
119. The environmental and social safeguard measures associated with the ADB-AusAID-
financed project should be implementable under the optional KEXIM-financed project in
accordance with KEXIM safeguard policy. The environmental impacts of bridge widening
and road maintenance works are limited and can be easily mitigated. Bridge and road
maintenance works will be implemented along the existing alignment and within the existing
right-of-way and thus land acquisition and resettlement would not be required. The social
issues, i.e., HIV/AIDS, human trafficking and gender, should be addressed through
awareness and prevention programs attached to the civil works contracts. These programs
should be developed and implemented in association with provincial and district Government
agencies and non-government organizations currently tackling these issues.
3. Conclusions
120. As a result of significant price escalation and larger than expected quantities of works
the project cost estimate increased by about 42% from $18.7 million at Appraisal to about
$26.5 million at project inception. Since the project funds would remain unchanged at $18.7
million there would be a need to downsize the Project; as advised by the Government the
components proposed to be removed from the Project would be rescheduled under a new
project to be financed by the Government of Korea. Should this approach be confirmed, the
original scope of the Project would be implemented through two projects, one financed by
ADB-AusAID, the other by KEXIM. Based on the above preliminary considerations, it is the
DDI consultants views that the proposed implementation of the Project through two projects
will not significantly affect the impact and outcome of the Project as anticipated at Appraisal
provided that the proposed KEXIM-financed project be developed and implemented based
on principles and criteria similar to those applying to the original Project.

Inception Report
V. DETAILED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION SERVICES
A. Consultant Team Mobilization
121. The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) contracted Egis-Bceom
International (France) with the provisions of detailed design and implementation (DDI)
services for the Project. The contract between MPWT and the DDI consultant was signed on
21 May 2009. The consultant team was mobilized on 15 June 2010 with the fielding of the
team leader. At the request of PMU-3 the mobilization of the bridge engineers and
maintenance team was postponed pending a decision on the proposed change in project
scope. Table 7 summarizes the international and national staff mobilization during the first
month of services.
Table 7: Consultant Team Mobilization
Position Name Mobilization Demobilization

Date Date
International Consultants
Team Leader David J. Robinson 15 June 2009 27 June 2009a
Bernard Colin-Moreau 1 July 2009
Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist Elizabeth Verzola 5 July 2009
Social Development Specialist Rita Dey 16 June 2009
National Consultants
Highway Design Engineer/ Heng Kackada 15 June 2009
National Team Leader
Quantity Surveyor Khagnh Sitnarit 15 June 2009
Social and Gender Specialist Thay Pen 24 June 2009
HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Specialist Vuthicol Yong 24 June 2009
a
The first team leader resigned on 27 June and was replaced by B. Colin-Moreau whose curriculum vitae was
approved by PMU-3 on 14 July 2009
122. Office arrangements were made by PMU-3 prior to consultants fielding which
enabled the team to be fully operational soon after its mobilization. The adequately furnished
consultants office has been set up in MPWT building next to PMU-3 office. A secretary has
been recruited to assist the consultants team. In addition to personal computers, two
desktop computers and monitors have been purchased for secretarial services and design
activities. A color printer has also been purchased and a black laser printer has been
provided by PMU-3. Two cars have been hired to facilitate field visits and local transport.
B. Consultants Work Plan
1. Inception Activities
123. The consultants activities during the first month of services focused on desk review
of project documents and field visits to assess the current conditions of the project sites. The
consultants reviewed the project scope and cost estimate and updated the latter based on
prices condition prevailing at project inception. Also, the field works, i.e., topographical
survey and soils investigations, were initiated. The terms of reference for the topographical
survey (Supplementary Appendix 2) were approved by PMU-3 and a contract signed on 24
July 2009. The terms of reference for the soils investigations (Supplementary Appendix 2)
have been prepared and submitted to PMU-3 for review and approval. The geotechnical
survey is scheduled to commence in early August 2009.

Inception Report
2. Next Priority Activities
124. The following activities have to be undertaken on a priority basis.
(i) Preparation of the resettlement plan and initial environmental examination for
the development of the cross-border facilities (CBF) at Koh Kong;
(ii) Updating of the resettlement plan for the development of CBF at Lork Ha
Tien;
(iii) Preparation of the conceptual design for Lork-Ha Tien and Koh Kong CBFs
for review and approval by PMU-3 and other concerned Government
agencies;
(iv) Launching field works, topographical survey and soils investigations;
(v) Preparation of the project benefit and monitoring program; and
(vi) Initiating the maintenance planning component.
3. Updated Consultants Work Plan
125. The consultants work plan until June 2010 has been updated based on the
consultants findings during the inception phase (Figure 1). Apart from the NR33 bridge
component whose implementation depends on the final decision on a revised project scope,
the rest of the detailed design of the original project components should proceed as
anticipated; this is applies as well to the planning phase of the road maintenance module
since this phase ending with the delivery of standard road maintenance contracts is to be
implemented by the DDI consultants.
126. While the detailed design of the NR33 section to be upgraded can process smoothly
once the topographical and geotechnical surveys are completed, proceeding with the
detailed design of both CBF will first require approval of the CBF proposed location sites and
concept design by PMU-3 and Government agencies concerned. The proposed location
sites for both CBF is yet to be confirmed; the Koh Kong CBF site was not identified during
project preparation and the Lork Ha Tien site identified during project preparation is no
longer available.
C. Consultant Staffing Requirements and Staffing Schedule
127. At project inception stage it is assumed that pending a final decision on the revised
project options the staffing requirements, i.e., team composition and consultants inputs,
remain those of the consulting services contract (Figure 2). However, the inputs need to be
rescheduled to meet the project requirements. The following key positions would require
input rescheduling.
Team leader The original three inputs totaling 3.75 months during the design phase
should be rescheduled through two inputs; it is likely that the inception input will be longer
than anticipated to address the issues the Project is facing.
Soils and materials engineer The anticipated one-month input should be split into two
inputs as a result of the likely postponement of the road maintenance component.
Procurement specialist The total 1.5-month input is likely to be split to meet the
requirements of the key procurement phases: preparation of bidding documents, evaluation
of bids and contract award.
Resettlement specialist As the plots of land for both CBF have to be confirmed it is likely
that the preparation of the CBF resettlement plans will require an earlier than anticipated

Inception Report
mobilization of the resettlement specialist; the total 4.0-month input may need to be split in
more than two short-term inputs.
Structural engineer Since the NR33 bridge repair and widening is likely to be removed
from the project scope, the input of an international structural engineer should be
reconsidered by shifting the input to the CBF detailed design.
Transport Economist A transport economist may be required to review the economic

viability of the proposed downsized project.
D. Reporting
128. The reports to be contractually submitted are listed in Table 8.11 The submission
dates have been updated based on the actual commencement of services, and consultants
findings and project status at Inception.
Table 8: Reporting Schedule
Report Submission
Progress Reports Monthly
(Including HAPP/HTPP Activities)
CBF Concept Report September 2009
Draft Final Engineering Designs and Bid November 2009
Documents
Detailed Engineering Design Report December 2009
Updated Resettlement Plan November 2009
Final Engineering Designs and Bid Documents December 2009
Final Maintenance Component Report and Bid Maintenance component postponed.
Documents Report submission to be scheduled
based on actual commencement date.
Draft Project Completion Report Second quarter 2012
Project Completion Report End of second quarter 2012
129. Additional reports will be required to address the social safeguard components:
resettlement, environment and HIV/AIDS, trafficking and gender. These reports are expected
to be submitted before November 2009.
11
Appendix B of the consultants services contract.

Figure 1: Consulting Services Updated Work Plan

Figure 1: Consulting Services Updated Work Plan (contd)

Figure 1: Consulting Services Updated Work Plan (contd)

Figure 2: Detailed Design Consultant Services Updated Staffing Schedule
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M 10 M 11 M 12
YEAR 2009 YEAR 2010
HOME FIELD TOTAL
JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
Inception CBF Concept Report
NO. NAME / POSITION Draft FED and Bid Documents (NR33 - improvement)
Draft FED and Bid Documents (CBF)
Updated Resettlement Plan
Final FED and Bid Documents
Final Maintenance Component Report and Bid Documents
Detailed Design, Maintenance Planning Civil Works Procurement
(A) INTERNATIONAL - DETAILED DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE PLANNING
ROBINSON, David John [Home] 0,00
1, 3,75
Team Leader / Highway Engineer [Field] 3,75
LEROLLE, Yves [Home] 0,00
2, 0,75
Pavement Design Engineer [Field] 0,75
DEBUISSY, Alain [Home] 0,00
3, 1,00
Senior Bridge / Structural Engineer [Field] 1,00
HEZELOT, Michel [Home] 0,00
4, 1,25
Road Maintenance Specialist [Field] 1,25
PANUGALING, Alberto Bermundo [Home] 0,00
5, 1,00
Soils and Materials Engineer [Field] 1,00
CALEDA, Marcelo R. [Home] 0,00
6, 1,00
Environmental Specialist [Field] 1,00
VERZOLA, Ma. Elizabeth [Home] 0,00
7, 1,25
Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist [Field] 1,25
DEY, Rita [Home] 0,00
8, 2,00
Social, Gender, HIV/AIDS and [Field] 2,00
GOODYEAR, Robert G. [Home] 0,00
9, 1,50
Procurement Specialist [Field] 1,50
0,00 13,50 13,50
(B) INTERNATIONAL - RESETTLEMENT UPDATE AND IMPLEMENTATION
CORPUZ, Angelito N. [Home] 0,00
10 4,00
Resettlement Specialist [Field] 4,00
0,00 4,00 4,00
Delayed As per the contract Shifted
0,00 17,50 17,50

Figure 2: Detailed Design Consultant Services Updated Staffing Schedule (contd)
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M 10 M 11 M 12
YEAR 2009 YEAR 2010
HOME FIELD TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
NO. NAME / POSITION
Draft FED and Bid Documents (NR33 - improvement)
0,00 17,50 17,50
(C) NATIONAL - SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS
TAL, Oudong [Home] 0,00 3,00
11,
Geotechnical Engineer [Field] 3,00
12, MAK, Theakk [Home] 0,00 3,00
KEN, Vanna [Home] 0,00 4,00
13,
Surveyor #1 [Field] 4,00
KEANG, Thay [Home] 0,00 4,00
14,
Surveyor #2 [Field] 4,00
TEY, Loung [Home] 0,00 2,00
15,
Bridge and Road Inventory Engineer #1 [Field] 2,00
CHEA, Chanthou [Home] 0,00 2,00
16,
Bridge and Road Inventory Engineer #2 [Field] 2,00
SOVANARRA, Hieng [Home] 0,00 6,00
17,
Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist [Field] 6,00
0,00 24,00 24,00
(D) NATIONAL - DETAILED DESIGN
KACKADA, Heng [Home] 0,00 12,00
18,
[Field]
Highway Design Engineer / National Team Leader 12,00
SAM, Ol Veth [Home] 0,00 2,00
19,
Bridge Design Engineer [Field] 2,00
CHAN Det [Home] 0,00 2,00
20,
Bridge Design Engineer [Field] 2,00
21, OU, Theoun [Home] 0,00 3,00
Hydrologist / Hydraulics Engineer [Field] 3,00
SRAS, Muong [Home] 0,00 1,75
22,
PENG HY, Trek [Home] 0,00 5,00
23,
Architect [Field] 5,00
RAVUT, Kong [Home] 0,00 4,50
24,
Structural Engineer [Field] 4,50
25, WANNAK, Keo [Home] 0,00 3,50
Electrical / Mechanical Engineer [Field] 3,50
SITNARIT, Khagnh [Home] 0,00 5,00
26,
Quantity Engineer / Quantity Surveyor [Field] 5,00
SOKKHY Pin [Home] 0,00 4,00
27,
Environmentalist [Field] 4,00
0,00 42,75 42,75

Figure 2: Detailed Design Consultant Services Updated Staffing Schedule (contd)
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M 10 M 11 M 12
YEAR 2009 YEAR 2010
HOME FIELD TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
NO. NAME / POSITION
Draft FED and Bid Documents (NR33 - improvement)
0,00 17,50 17,50
(E) NATIONAL - RESETTLEMENT AND HIV/AIDS PROGRAMME
BORA, Seang [Home] 0,00 6,00
28,
Senior Resettlement Specialist [Field] 6,00
29, SAMOEUN, Chap [Home] 0,00 6,00
Resettlement Specialist [Field] 6,00
THAY, Pen [Home] 0,00 6,00
30,
Social and Gender Specialist [Field] 6,00
KONG, Sopheap [Home] 0,00 4,00
31,
HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Specialist [Field] 4,00
0,00 22,00 22,00
Delayed As per the contract Shifted
Field - Full-Time Field - Intermittent, As Necessary 0,00 88,75 88,75

Border
Legend Barrier
(Thailand)

VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
130. The project implementation started with the mobilization of the detailed design and
implementation consultant in June 2009. The consultants project review and field visits
reveal the following major issues.
(i) The Project experience a significant cost overrun from a total cost estimate of
$18.7 million at Appraisal to about $26.5 million at project inception mainly
due to price escalation following the 2008 financial crisis and larger than
expected quantities of works;
(ii) The future location of the cross-border facilities at Lork Ha Tien is to be

reconsidered since the location site identified at project appraisal is no longer
available; and
(iii) The location site of the cross-border facilities at Koh Kong is to be confirmed
and delimited; the preparatory activities relating to land acquisition and
resettlement, and environmental impacts are to be carried out.
131. Since the project financing arrangements envisaged at Appraisal are unlikely to be
revised to increase the current $18.7 million available funds, the project scope will need to
be downsized to meet funds available. The consultant-recommended downsizing option
would consist in removing from the original project scope (i) the NR33 bridge repair and
widening component and (ii) the NR31 and NR33 road maintenance demonstration projects;
road maintenance in the proposed revised project scope would be addressed through a
routine maintenance program on the NR3 section between Kampot and Veal Renh. The
components proposed to be removed from the project scope would be rescheduled under a
project financed by the Government of Korea through KEXIM. Should this financing option
materialize, there would be a need to ensure that the scope of the proposed KEXIM-financed
project is consistent with that of the ADB-AusAID-financed project especially with regard to
safeguard measures, to ensure achievements of the development objectives as anticipated
at Appraisal.
132. The CBF site location issue needs to be promptly addressed; the availability of the
two plots of land of about 4 ha identified during project inception needs to be confirmed as
the shape of the plots conditions the CBF conceptual design which is to be approved by
MPWT and other Government agencies prior to undertaking the CBF detailed design.
133. It is the consultants views that failure to timely tackle the above issues may delay the
preconstruction phase. Therefore it is recommended to (i) expedite the change in project
scope process starting with a comprehensive assessment of impacts resulting from the
proposed changes, and (ii) delimit at the earliest the CBF location sites and proceed with the
CBF conceptual design and preparatory works including resettlement plan updating for Lork
Ha Tien CBF and preparation of resettlement plan and initial environmental examination
for Koh Kong CBF.

Loan 2373-CAM (SF): GMS Southern Coastal Corridor Project Appendix 1 34
Design and Monitoring Framework

Cambodia Component
Data Sources/
Assumptions
Design Summary Performance Targets/Indicators Reporting
and Risks
Mechanisms
Impact Average per capita income in Project- National and Assumption
Promotion of affected provinces will reach the regional economic GMS CBTA is fully
economic growth national average within 5 years of data and implemented
in the project area Project completion; statistics.
and GMS by Total trading volume between International trade
strengthening Cambodia and Viet Nam will double 5 statistics.
connectivity with years after Project completion. Baseline and ex-
neighbouring post surveys of
countries and household income
increasing levels in Project-
competitiveness. affected areas;
Project completion
report and benefit
monitoring and
evaluation
Outcome Reduction in passenger and freight Baseline traffic Assumptions
Reduce transport vehicle operating costs by an and transport cost GMS CBTA is
times and costs, average of 30%, in real terms, within data; implemented at pilot
and induce more 5 years of Project completion; Traffic counts at sites;
efficient Traffic on improved roads increases border crossings Reciprocal operating
movement of by 40% from 2008 baseline within 2 and strategic permits are granted to
passengers and years of Project completion; points in the commercial passenger
goods within the Cross-border processing times of transport network; and goods vehicles.
Project area and under 0.5 hours for passengers and Customs Risks
between GMS under 2.0 hours for freight by Project statistics; Harmonized cross-border
countries. Completion; Field surveys and inspection procedures
Maintenance budgets based on interviews of road are not implemented
market rates for activities. transport effectively;
operators and Lack of maintenance
road users; funds and capacity to
Road plan and manage road
maintenance maintenance effectively
budget allocation
and expenditure
reports.
Outputs Assumptions
1. Completion of Improve 15 km of NR33; replace 24 Resettlement Procurement processes
the road and bridges and culverts on NR33; and Monitoring ensure bidders are
bridge construct Cross-Border Facilities at Reports; qualified;
improvements Koh Kong and Lork-Ha Tien Civil Works Bid Quality management and
enabling Finalization, approval, and Evaluation and cost control of civil works
unrestricted implementation of Resettlement Award of Contract are effective;
passenger and Plans and Environmental Reports; Provincial authorities
freight transport Management Plans without delays Monthly and have the capacity to
2. Cross-Border Civil works contracts awarded within Quarterly manage resettlement,
Facilities 9 months of invitation for bids Progress Reports; environmental
constructed Project-specific web pages Project management, and social
3. HIV/AIDS and established and procurement Completion action plans
Trafficking information made available to the Report; Risks
Awareness and public. ; Insufficient number of
Prevention Unexploded ordnance (UXO) cleared bids are received from
Programs prior to start of civil works qualified, eligible bidders;
completed on Completion of civil works contracts Major risk of corruption
the Project road on schedule, in compliance with and fraud in the
4. Maintenance conditions of contract and all defects procurement process;
Demonstration rectified by end of defects liability Delays in completion of
Project period procurement or
completed All vulnerable groups and contractor resettlement delay start
personnel have participated in of construction;
HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness
and Prevention Programs

Data Sources/
Assumptions
Design Summary Performance Targets/Indicators Reporting
and Risks
Mechanisms
Road safety audits undertaken Increased construction

during detailed design and road and resettlement costs
safety awareness programs reduce the scope of work
undertaken during construction achievable within the
period Project;
Periodic and routine maintenance Contractors fail to
contracts awarded after competitive perform as required;
bidding and completed Increased number and
Market rates established for severity of road accidents
maintenance activities

Documents and Data Collected During Project Inception Phase
Subject Description
Road Design Standard [Cambodia] Part 1- Geometry, CAM PW.01.101.99 [2003]
Road Design Standard [Cambodia] Part 2- Pavement, CAM PW.03.102.99 [2003]
Road Design Standard [Cambodia] Part 3- Drainage, CAM PW.03.103.99
Bridge Design Standard [Cambodia] CAM PW.04.102.99 [2003]
Bridge Design Standard [Cambodia] Commentary: CAM PW.04.102.99
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Executive Summary
Corridor Project [Final Report] [Dec. 2006 2 versions, one 107 pages long, one 127
pages long; the 127 page version seems to be the final
one]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 1 Engineering Design and Cost Estimates
Corridor Project [Final Report] Cambodia
[Dec. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 3 Economic Analysis Viet Nam and Cambodia
Corridor Project [Final Report] [Dec. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 5 Project Implementation Vietnam and
Corridor Project [Final Report] Cambodia
[Dec. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 6 Poverty and Social Analysis Cambodia
Corridor Project [Final Report] [Dec. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 7 Poverty Impact Analysis Viet Nam and
Corridor Project [Final Report] Cambodia [Dec. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 8 HIV/AIDS and Human Trafficking Prevention
Corridor Project [Final Report] Plan Cambodia [Dec. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 10 Initial Environmental Examination Cambodia
Corridor Project [Final Report] [Dec. 2006, and Jan. 2007 versions]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 12 Summary Initial Environmental Examination
Corridor Project [Final Report] Cambodia and Viet Nam [Oct. 2006]
TA 6235-REG: GMS Southern Coastal Annex 13 Resettlement Plan Cambodia [Dec. 2006]
Corridor Project [Final Report]
Loan 2373-CAM: Greater Mekong Negotiated draft Loan Agreement for the Cambodia
Subregion Southern Coastal Corridor component of the Project [14 December 2007]
Project
Loan Number 2373-CAM(SF) Loan Agreement (Special Operations) (Greater Mekong
Subregion Southern Coastal Corridor Project between
Kingdom of Cambodia and Asian Development Bank (18
February 2008)
Kingdom of Cambodia Volume 1 - Main Report
Ministry of Public Works and Transport Volume 2 - Soils and Materials Test Results
Project Implementation Unit-WB - PIU 2 Volume 3 - Hydrology and Drainage
Flood Emergency Rehabilitation Project Structures Design Report
National Road Component Volume 3 : Annex Hydrology and Drainage
IDA Credit No. 3472 KH Structures Inventory
Contract No. : RN-01-0008/010-001- Volume 4 - Road Linear Diagram
I1007 Volume 5 - Drawings
Design Report Volume 5 : Annex- Survey and Setting-Out Details
Kingdom of Cambodia Various design drawings of the border post on the
Ministry of Public Works and Transport Vietnamese / Cambodian border [Road: Phnom Penh to
Asian Development Bank Loan Ho Chi Minh City]
No. 1659 CAM (SF) Contact No. C2-
Neak Loeung to Bavet

Subject Description
Cross Border Transportation Agreement The GMS Cross-Border Transport Agreement (CBTA) is a
GMS (February 2005) and associated compact and comprehensive multilateral instrument that
Annex covers all the relevant aspects of cross-border transport
facilitation in one document. These include:
1. single-stop/single-window customs inspection

2. cross-border movement of persons (i.e., visas for
persons engaged in transport operations)
3. transit traffic regimes, including exemptions from
physical customs inspection, bond deposit, escort, and
agriculture and veterinary inspection
4. requirements that road vehicles will have to meet to be
eligible for cross-border traffic
5. exchange of commercial traffic rights and
6. infrastructure, including road and bridge design
standards, road signs, and signals.
The CBTA applies to selected and mutually agreed upon

routes and points of entry and exit in the signatory
countries. The CBTA includes a preamble and 10 parts,
and has 20 annexes and protocols.
The CBTA has entered into force with its ratification by all
six GMS member countries in December 2003. Full
implementation of the Agreement and its annexes and
protocols is expected by 2007/2008. [source: Current ADB
website]
Maps - various Including Road No. 33 (Landuse, Image, Geology and
General maps)

NR33 Section Upgrading Kampot Trach Lork Ha Tien
Figure Location Sketch
To Phnom Penh
Kampong Trach
NR31
Figure A3.5
To Kampot Figure A3.4 Figure 3.3

NR33 Figure A3.6
Figure A3.1
Figure A3.2
NR33 To-be-improved Section
Lork CBF
Figure A3.1: Existing Road- Southward view Figure A3.2: Existing Road Northward view
Figure A3.4 Junction between NR33 Section Figure A3.5 Junction between NR33 Section
and NR 31. Westward view and NR 31. Eastward view

Figure A3.5: Start of the section to be upgraded Figure A3.6: Start of the section to be upgraded
Southward view Northward view

Cross-Border Facilities Lork-Ha Tien
Kampong Trach NR31

To Kampot NR33
NR33 section to-be-improved
Lork CBF
Figure A3.7
Figure A3.8
Figure A3.9
Figure A3.10
Cambodia
Casino/Hotel under
construction
Official border
Existing Vietnam Cross-border

facilities Viet Nam
Figure A3: Orthophoto plan Lork Ha Tien cross-border location site1
1
Source: Google Earth, Photo Base, 2005.

Figure A3.7: Ongoing building works next to the anticipated location site of the cross-border
facilities
Figure A3.8: Land opposite to the ongoing building works proposed as the new location site of the
cross-border facilities.
Figure A3.9: Existing Bailey bridge on the road to

Viet Nam
Figure A3.10: Cambodia-Viet Nam border

Monument. View toward Viet Nam
Cross-Border Facilities Koh Kong
Figure A3.12
Figure A3.11
Figure A3.13
Figure A3.14
Figure A3.11: Existing facilities Figure A3.12: Border line monument
Figure A3.13: Toward Koh Kong from the existing

cross-border facilities

Figure A3.14: Proposed location site of the cross-border facilities View from seaside
Figure A3: Site location of the cross-border facilities at Koh Kong

Road Maintenance
NR33 Kampong Trach Kampot
To Phnom Penh
Kampot NR31
Figure A3.16
Figure A3.15
Kampong Trach
NR33
NR33 section to be upgraded
To Lork
Figure A3.15: Shoulder to be strengthened Figure A3.16: Drainage to be improved

NR31 Kampong Trach-NR3 Junction
To Phnom Penh
Kampong Trach
Figure A3.17
Figure A3.18
To Kampot NR31
NR33
To Lork
Figure A3.17: Road safety hazard Bridge to be Figure A3.18: Typical cross section Lack of
widened horizontal signage

Project Location Map


Figure A5.1: Lork-Ha Tien Cross-border Facilities (CBF)

Proposed New Site
To Ha Tien, Viet Nam

Border line
50m
New barrier 2
75m
280m
150m
240m
Hotel 105m
under
construction
20m New barrier 1
Existing barrier 2
Existing
Immigration
Area
110m
400m
Existing
Immigration
Legend Existing barrier 1
Building
Original CBF Location

To Kampong Trach
Proposed new CBF site
0 20 40m

Figure A5.2: Lork-Ha Tien Diamond-shape CBF Area
To Ha Tien, Viet Nam Border line
50m
New barrier 2
75m
Hotel
Construction 105m
Existing
Immigration
Area
110m
400m
Existing
Immigration
Existing barrier 1
Legend
Building
Area of the existing Cambodian CBF at Bavet
To Kampong Trach
Theoretical CBF area
(Excluding: Parking, Administration, Canteen)
0 20m 40m

Figure A6.1: Koh Kong Cross-border Facilities (CBF) Proposed Layout
To Thailand
Legend
Sea Shore Line
Permanent Building
Private Property
Proposed CBF Site Border Line
Contour line
Existing Border Barrier (Cambodia)
0 20m 40m
Existing Immigration Building
Existing Car Park
HOTEL Resort
Hotel Building
To Koh Kong

Figure A6.2: Koh Kong Diamond-shape CBF Area
Legend To Thailand
Permanent Building
Theoretical size and shape of CBF
Border Barrier (Thailand)
Sea Shore Line
Proposed CBF Site
Contour line
Border Line
0 20m 40m
Current Border Barrier (Cambodia)
Current Immigration Building
Existing Car Park
Hotel Resort
Hotel Building
To Koh Kong

RESETTLEMENT
A. Introduction
1. The inception report on resettlement is based on the Project Preparatory Technical

Assistance 6325-REG (PPTA), December 2006, Greater Mekong Subregion Southern
Coastal Corridor Project, Final Report, Annex 13, Resettlement Plan (RP) Cambodia. The
upgrading of NR33 involves the establishment of a Corridor of Impact (COI) within the road
right-of-way (ROW) of approximately 16 km from the intersection with NR31 at Kampong
Trach in Kampot Province, to the Cambodia-Viet Nam border at Lork-Ha Tien. This TA
Report is comprehensive and contains all the elements of the Resettlement Plan required for
the NR33 upgrading works and the development of the cross-border facilities (CBF) at Lork-
Ha Tien.
2. It is understood that the road right-of-way will be entirely cleared. The PPTA report
has specified that the affected people (APs) shall be compensated for land use, structures,
crops and trees. This Report will be used as the basis for developing a Rehabilitation Action
Plan. The development of the CBF at Lork-Ha Tien will affect residential or
residential/commercial structures and also land - agricultural land, residential and
residential/commercial land and trees.
3. As resettlement issues associated with the development of the Koh Kong CBF were
not envisaged at Appraisal, a complete resettlement plan has to be prepared for the CBF at
Koh Kong. The required information will be collected during the design phase upon
acceptance by the Government of the proposed CBF conceptual design. During the site visit,
a plot of land of about 4 hectares has been identified to accommodate the facilities; the land
mostly located inside a private hotel property belongs to the hotels owner. About 30 small
businesses would also be affected.
4. As provided for on the project implementation arrangements the Interministerial

Resettlement Committee and the Social and environmental Unit of the Ministry of Public
Works and Transport will be responsible for the development and implementation of the RP.
B. Methodology
5. The RP prepared at Appraisal for the NR33 section upgrading will be updated based
on the detailed design and the detailed measurement survey. The RP for both CBF will have
to be prepared based on the conceptual design and subsequently refined based on the CBF
detailed design and detailed measurement surveys.
6. It is expected that about 30 owners of small businesses would be affected by the

development of the CBF at Koh Kong located in Mondol Seima District. Socio-economic
information will be collected for these affected people (APs). The hotel owner indicated that
he would accept the payment of a nominal amount for the land in lieu of replacement cost of
similar land. However ADB policy on involuntary resettlement requires that the land owner
be compensated at replacement cost.
7. The RPs will be disclosed to APs. Civil works contractors will be issued a notice of
possession only after (i) compensation payments and relocation into the ROW or to new
sites have been satisfactorily completed, (ii) agreed rehabilitation assistance is in place, and
(iii) the COI and area for border facilities are free of any encumbrances.
8. Public Consultations will be conducted before, during and after project

implementation. These will coincide with design, procurement and construction stages.

Discussions will be held at commune, district and provincial levels as well as National level
with related Ministries. Gender, HIV/AIDS and trafficking issues will be considered while
implementing the resettlement and rehabilitation of the APs.
C. Tentative Timeframe
1. Design Stage
Activities 2009
June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1. Studying available documents & reports
2. Updating AP list and other information and
revising details
3. FGDs and Public Consultations in field
4. Meetings with MPWT/SEU/Other Govt.
Departments, NGOs stakeholders
5. Finalizing RP for implementation
6. Finalizing institutional arrangements for
implementation
2. Procurement and Construction Stage
Activities Procurement Construction Stage

Phase 2010 (Quarter)
7. Implementation 2011 2013
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
7.1 Government Budget Allocation MPWT
7.2 Completion of Institutional Arrangements MPWT
7.3 Training of Trainers
7.4 Implementation of Resettlement Plans
7.5 Community organization at village level
7.6 Developing detailed monitoring indicators
7.7 Other activities as detailed out in the plan
8. Monitoring
9. Mid term Evaluation
10. End term

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, GENDER, HIV/AIDS AND TRAFFICKING AWARENESS AND

PREVENTION PROGRAM
A. Introduction and Background
1. At project inception stage heavy reliance is made on the Asian development tBank
(ADB) funded Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA)1 to understand gender,
HIV/AIDS and trafficking issues in Cambodia and specifically in the project area in Kampong
Trach down to the Cambodia-Thailand border in Lork-Ha Tien. For the other project area in
Koh Kong at the Cambodia-Thailand border information will be collected during the project
detailed design phase. Survey will be conducted for the both the areas and secondary
information will be collected from the relevant departments and Government agencies.
2. The Social and Environment Unit (SEU) of the Ministry of Public Works and
Transport (MPWT) will be overall responsible for the implementation of Social Development,
Gender, Mitigation of HIV/AIDS and Trafficking in the project areas.
1. Women
3. Women play an important role both at household and community levels. Even though
they have overall social equality they have lower literacy levels and earn less than men.
Constitution of Cambodia promulgates equity of genders and empowerment of women and
provides for reservation of seats in the political arena.
4. The Project will affect women significantly in Kampot Province, specifically in the
Kampong Trach Lork-Ha Tien stretch near Vietnam border (Kampot Province). Over 40%
women are engaged in some kind of business (small shops, selling in markets or petty
trading), with business activities constituting the primary source of income in nearly 40% of
households. About 25% women out of these are household heads. For Koh Kong Province
and the project area detailed information will be collected during design phase. Gender
sensitive resettlement strategies will be developed and overall gender empowerment and
womens participation in the Project would be ensured.
2. HIV/AIDS
5. Cambodia is one of the countries worst affected by HIV in south-east Asia. Despite a
decline in prevalence from 3.3% in 1998 to 1.6% in 2006, over 250,000 people have been
infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic in 1991, and over 16,000 people have
died of AIDS. In 2003, the overall HIV prevalence among adults was 1.9 percent, which
represents a decline from a peak of 3.0 percent in 1997. The decline in prevalence is
attributed to a combination of high mortality rates among those infected with HIV and
successful HIV prevention programs among some populations. These programs were the
result of committed efforts on the part of government, non-governmental organizations and
civil society. The new challenge is not to become complacent while the highest levels of HIV
infection are still to be found among sex workers, men who have sex with men, men in
uniform, and drug users; national statistics show that the epidemic is also shifting from these
traditionally high-risk populations into the general population. The highest number of new
infections now occurs among housewives as men switch to having casual sex with
sweethearts'.2
6. At the end of 2005, a total of 407 cases of HIV/AIDS in Kampot had been officially
identified by the Kampot Department of the Ministry of Health. Of the adult cases, 226 out of
355 were women or almost 64 percent. Similar data will be collected for Koh Kong.
1
TA 6325-REG, December 2006, Greater Mekong Subregion Southern Coastal Corridor Project, Final Report,
Annex 13, Resettlement Plan and Final Report, Annex 6, Poverty and Social Analysis Cambodia.
2
Web site of Alliance linking organization: Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance (KHANA).

7. Within the context of the National Strategic Plan, the National Centre for HIV/AIDS,
Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Infections under the Ministry of Health introduced a
new plan to address HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections STI during 20042007
with the following mandate:
Maintain national HIV prevalence below 2 percent;

Lengthen the lives of Cambodians living with HIV/AIDS; and
Ensure that national and provincial programs to fight HIV/AIDS and STIs are
evidence-based and managed in a cost-effective manner.
8. There are Provincial Committees for the Control of AIDS (PCCA) responsible for the
provincial multi-sectoral response against HIV/AIDS and human trafficking, with key
membership in the fight against HIV/AIDS includes Department of Health and Department of
Women Affairs. At the local level in the Project area the fight against HIV/AIDS is led by
District Committee for the Control of AIDS (DCCA) and at the Commune level it is handled
by Commune Council.
3. Trafficking
9. Cambodia is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and
children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor to Thailand,
China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia. Cambodian men are primarily trafficked to
Thailand for labor exploitation in the construction and agricultural sectors, particularly the
fishing industry. Cambodian children are trafficked to Viet Nam and Thailand to work as
street beggars. Women from Viet Nam are trafficked for prostitution and forced labor and
also to China and forced to become wives of Chinese men. Foreign marriages are on the
increase and make detection and prevention complex as it is difficult for authorities to
ascertain whether the marriages are genuine or forced. In recent years, trafficking of women
and children from Viet Nam to Cambodia has increased. Between 2000 and 2004 a total of
1,397 known cases of trafficking took place across Viet Nams south-western border and
most of these women were from the Mekong Delta and another 2,917 known cases across
the northern boarder. Between 2000 and 2004, Vietnamese officials reported that 3,667
trafficked women returned from China and Cambodia. These estimates are low and
Vietnamese authorities state that there are over 6,000 cases of migrating or missing people
that are suspected of being trafficked.
10. In the Kampot project Area there were some reported cases of human trafficking.
The local police has agreed to provide data during the field survey. However, border officials
said that problems of trafficking originate on the Viet Nam side with people being trafficked
into Cambodia rather than in the other direction. There seems to be lack of information and
denial among local authorities and police who claim that victims of trafficking do not come
forward for assistance and avoid contact with local authorities. For Koh Kong, according to
Healthcare Centre for Children (HCC) from October 2008 to July, 2009 there were 351
trafficked persons with 88 as women and girls cross border to Thailand. Among them, 291
persons as Trafficking Labor (TL) with 38 female, 26 persons were Trafficking for Sexual
(TR), 25 persons Domestic Violence (DV) with 5 children; and 9 persons Sexual
Abuse/Rape (SA).
11. Available documents reveal that, trafficking of women and children has become
increasingly complicated and more difficult to control as victims are sold first into Cambodia,
but often delivered to third countries. The available documents reveal that about 89% in the
Cambodian Project area know about human trafficking but, unlike HIV/AIDS, they believe
there is no incidence of trafficking in the local area. It is believed that people in the
reproductive age group are most affected and that young girls under the age of 15 years are
most vulnerable.

B. Objectives of the Awareness and Prevention Program
12. Based on the above, the Project has rightly emphasized on a program for Social
Development, Gender, and HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness and Prevention Program.
Particular attention will be given to the role of women in the Project and the impact of project
activities on women, in particular resettlement. The Consultant will:
(i) Work with the Project Management Unit (PMU-3) of MPWT and involve
pertinent community organizations to develop the gender strategy for the
Project and support implementation of the strategy;
(ii) Address the links between gender and HIV/AIDS-human trafficking, and
ensure that the gender strategy for the Project includes activities to reduce
vulnerability and establishes effective links with the HIV/AIDS and Trafficking
Awareness and Prevention Program;
(iii) Develop capacity building training modules and conduct workshops and
capacity building training on resettlement activities as indicated in the project
gender strategy for the resettlement committees at the district and commune
level;
(iv) Conduct gender sensitization training on resettlement activities of the
provincial, district and commune resettlement committees, and staff of the
district level Ministry of Women Affairs;
(v) Conduct workshop/training for men and women from affected persons
households on (a) commune and village level consultation process for
resettlement, entitlement and compensation process, (b) leadership skills, (c)
relocation related resettlement issues, (d) planning of livelihood activities;
(vi) Ensure that ethnic minority people, women headed households, women from
the affected households have access to fair compensation and livelihood
activities of resettlement plan;
(vii) Ensure women headed households, elderly women receive timely
compensation in resuming their income earning activities;
(viii) Facilitate joint registration of land use rights in the names of husband and wife
in instances where land will be acquired;
(ix) Establish appropriate mechanisms for consultation and grievance process
with regard to resettlement programs for the women from the affected
households;
(x) With regard to construction activities, ensure that (a) men and women are
paid equally for construction work for equal value, (b) basic facilities (e.g.,
proper water and sanitation) are provided in labor camps and child care
facilities (on-site day care) are provided for women laborers by contractors,
and (c) camp facilities and work arrangements are safe for women and
address womens potential vulnerability to HIV and sexual violence; and
(xi) Develop disaggregated monitoring indicators by gender and ethnic groups,
conduct periodic field visits and prepare report on the implementation of
gender and social issues.
13. The HIV/AIDS and trafficking awareness and prevention program (HAPP/HTPP) is to
raise public awareness, address the risks and highlight multisector roles and responsibilities
for HIV/AIDS transmission and human trafficking among construction contractors and
workers, sex workers, injecting drug users, local communities, transport service providers
and truck drivers, local police and border officers and other road users. The HAPP/HTPP will
be implemented in consultation with the Provincial Committees for the Control of AIDS
(PCCA), under the guidance of the SEU, with the Consultants team providing assistance in
the design and implementation of the programs.

14. The design of the HAPP/HTPP would draw on local resources and existing programs
and plans will be developed in a participatory manner with full participation of stakeholders
specifically providing close support to both provincial and national organizations together
with PMU-3. The tasks identified to achieve the objectives for the component are:
(i) At project inception phase plan the HAPP/HTPP component, including (a)
institutional arrangements for the program (based on the indicative
arrangements in the TA), (b) preparation of detailed implementation plans and
budgets and (c) determination of monitoring and evaluation needs and
preparation of necessary processes and programs for PCCAs to arrange
implementation of them.
(ii) Prepare and submit the HAPP/HTPP detailed implementation plan to the
PMU-3, MPWT and ADB for review and approval of the plan, implementation
schedules and budgets for the HAPP/HTPP (the plan must be approved three
months in advance of civil works commencing);
(iii) Prepare memorandum of understandings/contracts, as required, to implement
the approved HAPP/HTPP detailed design and ensure formal and
documented approval of the HAPP/HTPP at provincial and district levels;
(iv) Ensure proper and timely disbursement of HAPP/HTPP funds to the PCCAs.
(Funds have been provided under this contract for the supply all materials
required for the advocacy, information and education campaigns, and medical
packages components of the HAPP/HTPP activities);
(v) Coordinate HAPP/HTPP activities with construction schedule and coordinate
the work of PCCAs;
(vi) Establish adequate databases, data sources, monitoring performance
indicators and baseline data based on HAPP/HTPP targets and anticipated
outputs;
(vii) Provide training to PCCA staff to evaluate and monitor HAPP/HTPP activities;
(viii) Review and assess information on HAPP/HTPP prepared by the PCCA and
recommend additional information where required (requirements for surveys
will need prior approval from PMU-3);
(ix) Prepare brief monthly reports on activities undertaken during the pervious
month and proposed for the subsequent month;
(x) Prepare a mid-term review of the HAPP/HTPP, analyze the outcomes,
compare them with those anticipated, and recommend corrective measures;
(xi) Prepare a final report providing analysis of HAPP/HTPP impacts, lessons
learned, and recommendations for improving future programs associated with
infrastructure projects;
(xii) Maintain HAPP/HATP accounts, prepare the required financial statements,
and maintain auditable records all accounts;
(xiii) Provide inputs to the meetings and seminars as required; and
(xiv) Procure and supply all materials required for the advocacy, information and
education campaigns, and medical packages components of the HAPP/HTPP
activities.
C. Methodology
15. During inception visits, several people were met and discussions were conducted in
Kampot, Koh Kong and Phnom Penh (Attachment 1). Based on the brief findings stated
above and the consultants terms of reference for Social Development, Gender, HIV/AIDS
Awareness and Prevention Program and Human Trafficking Prevention Program, the Project
would develop an implementation Plan. The methodology for developing such a Plan would
involve the following.

(i) Desk research All secondary documents will be reviewed to understand

available information and gaps if any. Indicative documents that will be review
would be:
Guidelines on the prevention and protection against HIV/AIDS;

Strategic Plans for HIV/AIDS and STD Prevention and Care;
Gender Policies and Guidelines;
Guidelines/Laws of prevention of Trafficking;
Reports of INGOs/NGOs/CBOs;
Reports of various UN and other organizations;
Available communication and training materials; and
ADBTA reports and relevant documentation.
(ii) For primary survey, qualitative methods would be used. It will include Focus
Group Discussions (FGD) with communities, Depth Interviews (DI) with key
informants and Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) & Social Mapping
(SM)3 where necessary with communities;
(iii) Mapping of local NGOs;
(iv) Collection of Village profiles will be collected with the help of a format; and
(v) Conducting planning and Training Needs Assessment workshops for
stakeholder.
16. Sampling All Project sections will be covered. More emphasis will be given to the
communes and districts near the border areas. In Kampot, the border area is located in
Kampong Trach District where the Project road passes through two communes, Kampong
Trach Keut with a population of 10,025 people and Reussey Srok Lech with a population of
9,689. Nine villages are found in these two communes. In Koh Kong, the border area is
located in Mondol Seima District where the Project road passes through three communes
Bak Khlang, Peam Krasaob and Tuol Kokir Leu. Mondol Seima has a total population of
12290 and the three communes have 9825, 1568 and 897 population respectively.
3
FGD A focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their attitude
towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive
group setting where participants are encouraged to talk freely and spontaneously about a certain topic. Its
purpose is to obtain in-depth information on concepts, perceptions and ideas of a group. The group typically
comprises of 6 to 8 people who under the minimum guidance of a facilitator discuss a particular topic in detail.
The facilitator uses an FGD guide in which topics and issues are outlined in advance and elicits information
from the group during the course of the discussion.
DI Research technique conducted in person in the field (rather than in the researcher's office) by a trained
interviewer interacts with respondents and encourages them (usually in a one-on-one situation) to freely
express their opinions, ideas, feelings, thoughts, and attitudes. The objective is to go into consumer behavior.
Depth interviews, along with focus group interviews, are helpful in the evaluation of respondents reaction to
specific issues and topics. The interview being part of an exploratory process is conducted on different people
revealing a range of opinions and attitudes from their varied experiences on that topic.
PRA & SM The Participatory Rapid Appraisal is one of the techniques used for gathering information on
community level impacts of projects. Social maps can be drawn with responding members of the group to
understand some view points (e.g. locating porous borders thrugh which trafficking goes unchecked).

Table A8.1: Project Area Communes and Villages
Communes Population Villages

(2004)
Kampong Trach Keut 10,025 Kampong Trach I, Kohn Khlout, Koh Tachan,
Robang Krass
Reussey Srok Lech 9,689 Kampoul Meas, Damnak Trobe
Tropeang Neal, Lork, Thkov/ Preak Chak
Bak Khlang 9825 Bak Khlang Muoy, Bak Khlang Pir, Bak
Khlang Bei, Boeng Kachhang, Kaoh Pao,
Neang Kok, Cham Yeam
Peam Krasaob 1568 Peam Krasob Ti Muoy, Peam Krasob Ti Pir
Tuol Kokir Leu 897 Tuol Kokir Kraom, Tuol Kokir Leu, Ta Chat,
Kaoh Chak
Source: 2004 Census Data
17. DIs and consultations will be conducted among concerned ministries and
departments and their counterparts in the Provinces and Districts; specifically Health, Social
Affairs, Labor, Interiors, Cult & Religion, Education and Womens Affair, will be covered. Key
staff from other departments and committees would also be consulted interviewed e.g.,
National AIDS Committee, National AIDS Authority, National Centre for HIV/AIDS,
Dermatology & STI (NCHADS). Intergovernmental agencies such as UNICEF, UNHCR,
DFID, FHI, and the IOM; the other international NGOs like Family Health International,
Population Services International, PACT and others involved with HIV/AIDS and Trafficking
will be consulted and brought into the project plans as far as possible.
18. FGDs/PRAs and DIs will be analyzed to assess needs and perceptions of the people,
their representatives and authorities. Guidelines have been prepared for discussions
(Attachment 2).
19. Workshops will be conducted one each at the two Provinces to develop strategic
plans, capacity building plans, including time frames and budgets for preventing Gender,
HIV/AIDS and Trafficking which will be ratified at a workshop in Phnom Penh.
20. Key persons from the districts and communes will be invited at the provincial
workshops. Staff and personnel needs will be discussed and resolved in these workshops.
The project would require dedicated staff at all levels. Need for developing communication
materials and training on use of communication materials and tools will be analyzed and
discussed. Workshops will be structured and agenda will be prepared in consultation with
key stakeholders.
21. Monthly reporting formats will be developed with process and outcome indicators.
Impact indicators will be also be developed for Ministerial, Provincial and Commune levels
(Attachment 3).
D. Expected Outputs, Deliverables
22. The expected outputs and deliverables would be as follows:
(i) A baseline report on Gender, HIV/AIDS and STIs and Trafficking for the two
provinces which would include knowledge, attitude, behavior and practice ;
(ii) Report on epidemiological information;
(iii) A thirty months plan on implementation of mitigation of HV/AIDS & STIs,
trafficking and gender development mainly preventive education and awareness
through (peer education and training of trainers) behaviour change
communication and information, education, and communication; and

(iv) Organizing STI services, counseling and voluntary testing for HIV/AIDS, condom
promotion, and distribution.
E. Tentative Work Plan and Consultants Staff Resources
23. It would be more beneficial for the project to utilize the international specialist for 35
days (out of 60 days) and the two local consultants continuously for four months each during
the design stage. Design phase is critical and requires field work and in depth analysis of
needs for mitigating HIV/AIDS and trafficking related challenges and developing plans for
gender development.
24. It is proposed to make the international social development specialist available for 10
days each during procurement and construction stages and local consultants would be made
available for one month each during procurement stage. The local consultant for gender will
be again made available for monitoring of activities and during mid-term evaluation. It is
recommended to remobilize the international specialist with additional person days during
the mid- term evaluation. It is further recommended that a local training specialist and a
communication specialist complement the SEU staff to implement the program effectively.
Table A8.2: Tentative Work Plan Design Phase
2009
Design Stage Activities
June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1. Review of available documents and reports
2. FGDs/PRA/Social mapping with communities,

content analysis, report on findings
3. DIs and meetings with Govt./INGO/NGO

stakeholders, content analysis, report on findings
4. Finalizing provincial reports and preparation for

workshop
5. Two workshops on capacity building, planning,

logframe and implementation schedule for 3 year,
institutional arrangements, budget, monitoring
indicators, etc. at provincial levels
6. Consolidation and draft plan and logfarme for

three years, institutional arrangements, budget,
monitoring indicators for final workshop
7. Workshop at central level for finalizing plan for

implementation, institutional arrangements,
budget, monitoring indicators
8. Final report with implementation plan and

logframe

Table A8.3: Tentative Work Plan Procurement and Construction Phases
Procurement and Construction Stages Construction

Procurement
Activities (Quarter)
9. Implementation 2010 2011 2013
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
9.1 Sanctioning of budget by Government MPWT
9.2 Completion of staffing and institutional MPWT and
arrangements at Central, Provincial, other
District and Commune levels Ministries
9.3 Developing communication and IEC MPWT and
materials other
Ministries
9.4 Procurement of trainers MPWT and
other
Ministries
9.5 Training of trainers
9.6 Dissemination of training at various levels
by trainers of various Ministries
9.7 Community organization at village level
9.8 Organizing STI treatments arrangements,
VCTC, condom promotion and distribution
9.9 Developing detailed monitoring indicators
9.10 Other activities as detailed out in the plan
10. Monitoring
11. Mid term Evaluation
12. End term

Attachment 1
List of persons met during inception stage
Name Department Position

Phnom Penh
1. Pheng Sovicheano Ministry of Public Works Deputy General, Director
& Transport
2. Sar Vutha Ministry of Public Works Deputy Director
& Transport (PMU 3)
3. Sea Sokhon Family Health Sr. technical Officer, Strategic
International Behavioral Communication (SBC)
Kampot Province
4. Choup Sophanna Public Works & Transport Chief of Administrative
5. Kim Youthanea Health Deputy Director
6. Lan Vanna Provincial AIDS Office Deputy Chief
7. Kao Rith Department of Education, Deputy Director
Youth & Sports
8. Tum Sothy Lt. Col. Provincial Police Deputy of Commissioner
Department
9. Hong Darareth Major Chief of Police, Border Check Point
Immigration Department of Prek Chak, International
10. Tep Chhem Social Affairs Veterans Chief of Department
and Youth Rehabilitation
11. Meng Nhet Women Affairs Deputy Director

Attachment 2
GUIDES FOR KEY INFORMANTS AT PROVINCIAL AND DISTRICT LEVELS

GOVERNMENT, NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS, INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
A. Introduction
I am from The Ministry of Public Work and Transportation. The Ministry will build the road
soon at the border area to facilitate trade and commerce. In this context I would like to
discuss with you issues related to HIV/AIDS vulnerability, trafficking and gender information.
Your information is valuable, and the information will be kept confidential. I need
approximately 30 to 45 minutes.
(Note: Name, Organization/Department, Position, Province/District, Contact details, etc. of
the respondent]
1. HIV/AIDS
What is your perception about the benefit of the road. May people have shown their
concern over increase in problems of HIV and trafficking?
Please tell me over all HIV/AIDS situation in your Province - what do you think is the
main mode of HIV transmission in your province?
Have you noticed any apparent impact of HIV/AIDS in your perception what would be
the impact of HIV if it is not controlled? After road is built, what do you think HIV situation
will be?
How can your department involve itself on HIV/AIDS mitigation has your department or
yourself ever participated in HIV/AIDS related programs conducted in the Province
what were these?
How can your department allocate budget and human resources for the response?
How can your department involve the response will you be willing to participate in the
program do you have staff to work on HIV/AIDS mitigation project?
2. Trafficking
What about women/child trafficking situation in your Province?

Do you know why they are trafficked?
Are there any interventions on women trafficking?
Is there any relationship between trafficking and HIV transmission?
How can your department be involved in mitigating trafficking of women/children?
How can your department allocate budget for the response do have staff to work on
this?
After road has been built, what do you think trafficking situation in your province?
How cans your department contributes to address this problem?
What can be done at the border to identify trafficking probe on concepts of training
special people to interview suspects and how?
3. Gender
What is the percentage of male and female working in your department?

In you perception what is the role and responsibility of men and women in social
development?
In your perception what is the main problem related to womens decision making of their
everyday life?
Do you think gender inequality in the society in your perception how does this
contribute to increase in HIV how does this relate to trafficking?

How can your department contribute to address gender in-equality?

How can your department allocate budget to address this problem?

B. Group Discussion Guide
Instructions: This is a guide; please go with the flow of discussion. Facilitate and give
opportunity to all to express views. Avoid eye contact with anyone who tends to dominate
the discussion. Please make it clear to participants that there is no right or wrong answer. Sit
in a comfortable place, have 6-8 people in a group, try to have male/female/mixed groups. If
you feel people do not have much time or are showing lack of interest then do not prolong
discussion unnecessarily. Try to keep the group in good humour and be cheerful.
Note: Take names and gender of the respondents.
1. Introduction and general discussion
1.1 Introduce yourself, purpose of visit, ask respondents to introduce themselves tell
them that they should be frank in giving their opinions their opinion and perception
is most important.
1.2 Ask about their occupation, how they spend their leisure time, how is the life in the
border area, do they see many people going in and out of the border, etc.
1.3 Take village details in the profile sheet at the end of the discussion.
1.4 Explain that the road will be developed, border facilities will be improved, customs
office will be developed and modernized, etc. how will all this help them will it
improve their economic status and livelihood explain how - will it have any negative
impact probe them to explain how and why.
Now introduce topics for discussion one by one.
2. Gender
2.1 What are the roles and responsibilities of women in the household generate list of
activities women do the whole day from morning till evening similarly ask for men
also? Analyze how women do so much work but it is not quantified in monetary
terms.
2.2 How do women contribute to the community? How do men contribute in the
community?
2.3 How many women go for economic activities? (e.g. jobs in garment factory,
teachers, govt. jobs, any other jobs) what is the primary occupation of men?
2.4 Who takes decisions in the house for childrens education, marriage, buying goods
from market, assets like land, TV, motor bike, etc? Are women consulted at all? If
there is a need to borrow money for buying any goods or articles, who decides and
from whom?
2.5 If a family does not have enough money to send all children to school who will get
preference the girl child or the boy child and why? Who is given preference for
higher studies girl child or the boy child?
2.6 Similarly if the family is poor who will be given priority for food girl or the boy?
2.7 Also, if children are sick, who is given medical attention on priority basis the girl or
the boy?
2.8 At what age do girls get married? at what age do men get married? do you know
what is the official age at marriage for girls and boys? Who in the family decides
when the girl is to be married? who approves the marriage?
2.9 For a married woman who decides when to have a child? how many girls and
how many boys? who decides on what family planning methods need to be used?
whether the woman should use or the man?
2.10 Who collects fuel wood, who collects drinking water, how far do you have to go?
2.11 Do all houses have latrines? if not how far do you have to go what problems do
you face? ask separately for men and women.

2.12 Is there any program by NGO/Government for womens development? any on

micro enterprise, savings, micro credits? - which helps in income generation and
improving quality of life?
2.13 Do you think people should know about gender equality and womens development?
how should this information be delivered? who is best suited to inform and train
communities (Government/NGO)? what materials are best suited for developing
awareness for prevention? What role can mass media play? radio/TV/Newspaper
which ones are more important you?
3. Trafficking
3.1 Have you heard or have any information about trafficking in this area? [Selling of
women and children across border].
3.2 How did you get to know? who informed you? have you heard about any one
going missing from the village girls, boys, children? What actions were taken by
Commune Chief, the family and the community members?
3.3 Is there any facility like hot line where you can give the message? in your
experience, if you give information to police, how quickly do they act? how many
people were arrested? what actions were taken against the arrested people? - was
the missing person traced and brought back? any support provided to victims?
3.4 Do have NGOs/community based organizations (CBO) working on such issues?
did any of them get involved when information on missing person was notified.
3.5 Is there any NGO/CBO/Government department? Which come to generate
awareness on trafficking? - any actions taken to organize communities on trafficking?
3.6 What all do you think should people know? how should this information be
delivered? who is best suited to inform and train communities (Government/NGO)?
what materials are best suited for developing awareness for prevention? What role
can mass media play? radio/TV/Newspaper which ones are more important you?
4. HIV/AIDS
4.1 Have you heard about HIV/AIDS? what is HIV? what is AIDS? Can AIDS be
cured?
4.2 Do you know how HIV is transmitted? how will you know that you have been
infected with the virus? do you any idea about how you can get tested for HIV?
4.3 When do people need blood-test? do you know what window period is?
4.4 Do you have any idea how HIV can be prevented?
4.5 What is the impact of HIV? what is the impact of AIDS? how does HIV/AIDS
affected families, communities and the country as a whole? Do you know of any
families who have been affected? how is the community helping them? is there
any treatment available for HIV/AIDS? where do people go for such treatment?
4.6 How can people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) get support? any NGOs/CBOs
working here on these issues? have they involved people in any prevention
program? if yes what are these programs? has any one in this group
participated in any such program? can you tell us what you have learned? what is
the most important thing that you remember next next?
4.7 What all do you think should people know? how should this information be
delivered? who is best suited to inform and train communities (Government/NGO)?
what materials are best suited for developing awareness for prevention? What role
can mass media play? radio/TV/Newspaper which ones are more important you?
4.8 Where can PLHA get support?
4.9 Who do you think are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS why?

5. Other issues
5.1 Now that this border area is going to be developed, it is perceived that more people
will use this route to go to and fro Vietnam? how do you think this will affect you
and your area (probe by aiding on trafficking, gender and HIV/AIDS issues)? will it
improve your incomes? if yes how? if no how? Do you think your livelihood and
incomes will get affected in any way? What should the govt. do to safeguard your
interests?
5.2 There is a large construction project near the border, are you aware of it? is anyone
working in the project from your village? what is it, (hotel/Casino)? how do you
think this will affect you? many people from the locality will get jobs? many girls
will get job? only outsiders will get job?

C. Village Profile (Attach extra sheets if necessary)
1 Name of village:
2 Village code no. :
3 Name of village Chief (male /female):
4 Total population:
5 No. of households:
6 Primary occupation of men:
7 Primary occupation of women:
8 No. of out of school children:
9 If there is problem who do you generally
consult and take advise from:
10 No. of widows in the village, their average
age:
11 How many house have women as head of
household:
12 How many households have latrines:
13 What is main source of drinking water:
14 How many families are below poverty line:
15 What are the major diseases in the village:
16 Have you ever heard of any one reporting

missing person/s from the village/area:
17 Number of HIV/AIDS affected families:
18 List of CBOs in the village:
19 List of NGOs in the village:

NGO/INGO/CBO Information (use extra sheets if necessary)
1. Name of organization:
2. Address/phone no.:
3. Name of contact person and contact

details:
4. Year of establishment:
5. Total no. of staff (administrative and

operational):
6. Key program areas and main activities

under each
7. Geographical area covered:
8. Annual budget and source of funding:
9. Comment by Researchers:

Attachment 3
Monthly Reporting Format
Type of Activities
Indicators Numbers Respondent Type Key Issues Discussed Key Emerging Issues and Solutions
Conducted

PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Framework and Work Program
A. Framework
1. Background
As per the requirements of the terms of reference of the detailed design and implementation
services (DDIS) consultant the objectives of the project monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are
as follows:
(i) provide systematic monitoring of the project implementation of the Project and
evaluate the project outputs, impacts and outcomes as identified in the project
design and monitoring framework;5
(ii) assist the project management unit (PMU-3) of the Ministry of Public Works
and Transport (MPWT) in setting up a database of baseline information on
socioeconomic and other relevant sectors that will be required to evaluate the
project effects; and
(iii) Assist MPW in establishing and maintaining a website for ensuring

transparency with regard to any procurement activities under the Project and
providing the public with updated information on the Project and its
implementation.
The baseline information and data will be (i) those used in the project preparatory technical
assistance (PPTA), updated as required, (ii) data collected through the baseline survey, and
(iii) data and information from secondary sources, i.e., Government statistics on
socioeconomic conditions, trade, commerce and livelihood, traffic, transport services and
transportation user charges and any other relevant Government documentation.
2. Baseline
The establishment of the baseline data will start with the identifications of a set of
performance indicators among these: road traffic and socioeconomic indicators. The pre-
project values of the indicators will be obtained from surveys and rapid appraisals and
secondary sources such as Government statistics and records. The socioeconomic
database will cover:
(i) Changes in per capita income in the project-influenced area;
(ii) Volume and type of freight, and number of passengers crossing the border at
each end of the Southern Coastal Corridor in Cambodia;
(iii) Volume and type of traffic on roads improved under the Project;
(iv) Passenger and freight vehicle operating costs (VOC) on roads improved
under the Project and between key locations;
(v) Tariffs for freight and passenger movement between selected locations;
5
Loan 2373(SF)-CAM: GMS Southern Coastal Corridor, Report and Recommendation of the President (RRP),
November 2007, Appendix 1.

(vi) Origin and destination of vehicles and traffic at selected locations such as
towards the eastern and western ends of the Southern Coastal Corridor in
Cambodia;
(vii) Processing time for passengers and for freight crossing the border at the
cross-border facilities improved under the Project; and
(viii) Effectiveness of capacity building programs for staff associated with the
Project.
3. Monitoring
A computerized project management system will be developed under the Project to assist
PMU-3 with implementation and provide information on project progress for routine reports
and review missions. With the assistance of the DDIS consultant hands-on and on-the-job
training programs will be developed and implemented to enable PMU-3 staff to operate the
project monitoring system.
The DDIS consultant in consultation with PMU-3 will develop and maintain a website with
main objective to ensure transparency of the project activities; for each procurement
process, the following information will be uploaded to the website within four weeks after
each contract award: (i) list of participating bidders; (ii) name of winning bidder; (iii) key
details on the bidding procedure; (iv) contract amount as awarded; (d) list of goods and/or
services procured; and (e) intended and actual utilization of the loan proceeds under each
contract.
4. Evaluation
Evaluating the project performance based on the expected outputs, impacts and outcomes
outlined in the project design and monitoring framework will consist in measuring or
assessing the changes of a set of performance indicators from the pre-project situation to
the post-project conditions. A list of indicators meeting the requirements of the DMF will be
established; the list will be complemented with other parameters deemed necessary to
assess comprehensively the effects of all project components, including the safeguard
measures. The pre-project value of the indicators will be established through baseline data
surveys to be undertaken by the DDIS consultants. A second round of surveys will be
implemented prior to project completion, in the first half of 2012. A third survey is expected to
be conducted by MPWT three years after project completion to assess the project impacts
and outcomes resulting from the initial operations of the facilities.
5. Reporting
A comprehensive report on the proposed M&E program will be submitted to PMU-3 for
review and approval concurrently with the first detailed design report. A baseline data report
compiled all data and information on the pre-project conditions will be submitted to PMU-3
upon completion of the data collection and field surveys.
B. WORK PROGRAM
1. Project Scope
The road improvements works to be implemented under the Cambodian component consist
of the following subprojects:
(i) upgrading of a 15.8 km section of the NR33 between Kampong Trach and
Lork- Ha Tien;

(ii) repair and widening of 24 bridges between Kampong Trach and Kampot;
(iii) development of new cross-border facilities (CBF) at Lork-Ha Tien;
(iv) development of new cross border facilities at Koh Kong; and
(v) periodic and routine maintenance on roads NR33 and NR31.
2. Project Design and Monitoring Framework
The design and monitoring framework (DMF) prepared at project appraisal will be the key
document in identifying the performance indicators based on the expected project impacts,
outcomes, benefits and risks.
3. BASELINE SURVEY ACTION PLAN
A detailed work plan for developing and implementing the baseline survey is in Table A9.

Table A9: Baseline Survey Proposed Work Plan
Work Plan
DDIS Consultant Level of Data 2006 Value7
Activities6 Data to be Collected Collection
Data Source
Assist PMU-3 to
assemble appropriate Economic Development
data prepared during TA
6235-REG and carry out Value of trade or road traffic at Secondary data None in $
additional necessary Lork-Ha Tien Xa Xia border Ministry of million
socioeconomic and other - Exports and Imports Commerce
baseline surveys.
- Motorized traffic Primary data - <50 (AADT)
excluding motorbikes Traffic count
GDP growth rate in project areas Secondary data NA

Ministry of Planning Kampot
Poverty rates in project areas Secondary data 25-35(%) -

Ministry of Planning Kampot
Road Transport Level of Primary data - 200 (AADT)

Service Traffic count NR33
Auto, truck and bus traffic in Kampong
project areas Motorized traffic Trach Lork
excluding motorbikes (south of
Kampong
Trach)
Bus fares and trucking freight Primary data NA

rates in project area survey of bus and NR33
truck operators Kampong
Trach Lork
NA
Truck freight (cargos per tonne Primary data NR33
including loading and unloading) survey of bus and Kampong
in project area truck operators Trach Lork
Average border processing Primary data NA

times average total time (hrs) observation (time
for auto, bus, truck in project study) NR33
area
Annual road deaths and serious Secondary data

injuries (annual deaths per from reports of
100,000 population) in project highway
area government unit
AADT = annual average daily traffic
6
DDIS = detailed design and implementation services
7
From the PPTA final report, Table A12.2, Appendix 12.

Work Plan
DDIS Consultant Level of Data 2006 Value9
Data Source
Plan surveys and identify Identify stakeholders: road users Rapid
the collection of other and those who will benefit from Reconnaissance
required data needed for the road and CBF even if they Survey Primary
the M&E program traffic are not going to use the road data collection
and travel surveys, from key informants
household socioeconomic
sample surveys, Primary data
participatory rapid Identify subgroups among road collection from
appraisals, social and users, e.g., passengers, freight key informants
environmental impact users, transport operators, etc.
assessments and and collect data to include but
indicators, and secondary not limited to:
data from government - the volume and type of freight
sources disaggregate and number of passengers
data by gender and crossing the border at each
socioeconomic status end of the Southern Coastal
Corridor in Cambodia
- passenger and freight vehicle
operating costs on roads
improved under the Project
and between key locations
- tariffs for freight and
passenger movement between
selected locations that indicate
the impact of the project on
target groups in the community
- quantity and type of traffic on
roads to be improved under
the Project
- the origin and destination of
vehicles and traffic at selected
locations such as towards the
eastern and western ends of
the Southern Coastal Corridor
in Cambodia
- the processing time for
passengers and for freight
crossing the border at each
end of the Southern Coastal
Corridor in Cambodia
Household survey to update Secondary data

socioeconomic profile of from Ministry of
population affected by the Planning, Ministry of
project, to include but not limited Commerce and
to: other statistics
- population, by gender office if there are
- source/s of livelihood available data
- income/ per capita If secondary data
income are not available -
- education, by gender Primary data
- utilization of collection -
transportation and Traditional
expenses incurred
8
9

Work Plan
DDIS Consultant Level of Data
2006 Value11
Data Source
- alternative means of household survey
transportation 100 sample size for
all population to be
affected- prorate
according to
geographic location;
Primary data
Needs assessment of road collection from
users usage of stakeholders of key informants
the project, e.g., access to basic
services, livelihood, trade, etc.
Primary data
Situational assessment collection from
current available transport key informants and
options and services, e.g., focus group
access to markets and social discussions (FGDs);
services by income groups,
trade groups, other groups Secondary data
extent of usage and paid for road office
by user groups, e.g., authorities
transport costs
problems experienced in
currently available transport
options and services
willingness of the expected user
subgroups to pay for new/
improved road use and transport
services, e.g., freight charges,
bus fares, etc.
Implement baseline Same data to be collected as
surveys and a second second survey immediately prior
survey immediately prior to Project completion
to Project completion,
and other surveys as may
be required
10
11

Figure A9: Framework Diagram for Project Monitoring and Evaluation
BASELINE MONITORING EVALUATION
FRAMEWORK FOR
EVALUATION OF
PROJECT IMPACTS
PROJECT IMPACT
MONITORING EVALUATION
SYSTEM
BASELINE
SURVEY
IMPLEMENT MONITORING SYSTEM
2009 2010 2011 2012

DESIGN PHASE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
Inputs to Baseline
-Demographics
-Economic
-Gender
-Resettlement
-Social
-Environmental
-Traffic,
-Project costs

Table A10.1: NR33 Upgrading Detailed Cost Estimate
Unit Rate ($) Cost ($)

Item Description Unit Quantity Project Project Project Project
Preparation Inception Preparation Inception
1. Earth Works and Associated Works
1.1 Clearing & Grubbing on shoulders m2 128,228 0.20 0.40 25,646 51,291
and selected areas including haulage
and disposal
1.2 Roadway Excavation. Unsuitable m3 40,357 1.80 2.00 72,643 80,714
1.3 Structural Excavation. Common m3 3,600 2.80 3.50 10,080 12,600
1.4 Structural Backfill m3 2,605 2.75 5.00 7,164 13,025
1.5 Embankment. 90% MDD m3 174,822 2.20 3.50 384,608 611,877
1.6 Selected Sub-Grade Material m3 39,123 5.20 6.00 203,440 234,738
2. Sub-base and Base Course
2.1 Sub-base material. CBR=>30%. m3 50,072 6.20 10.50 310,446 525,756
95%MDD
2.2 Aggregate base course. CBR=>80%. m3 35,811 17.50 21.00 626,693 752,031
98%MDD
3. Bituminous Works
3.1 Bituminous Prime Coat m2 176,859 0.60 0.70 106,115 123,801
Bituminous Seal Coat. Sealing
3.2 m2 176,859 1.80 2.10 318,346 371,404
aggregate 19mm. complete work
Bituminous Seal Coat. Sealing
3.3 m2 121,877 1.95 2.30 237,660 280,317
aggregate 12mm. complete work
4. Structures
4.1 Concrete class B1. (32 Mpa) m3 755 125.00 150.00 94,375 113,250
4.2 Concrete class E. (15 Mpa) m3 105 80.00 110.00 8,400 11,550
4.3 Reinforcement Bar Grade 300 t 26 730.00 850.00 19,345 22,525
4.4 Reinforcement Bar Grade 400 t 40 750.00 850.00 30,375 34,425
4.5 Survey for box culverts no. 3 1,350.00 1,350.00 4,050 4,050
5. Drainage and Slope Protection
5.1 RC pipe - 800mm dia. m 184 65.00 120.00 11,960 22,080
5.2 RC pipe - 1000mm dia. m 163 82.00 150.00 13,366 24,450
5.3 Precast U-Drain and cover slab m 4,780 38.50 50.00 184,030 239,000
6. Unexploded Ordnance
6.1 Mine and UXO detection and disposal LS 1 13,000.00 15,000 13,000 15,000
7. Miscellaneous
7.1 Maintenance of diversion road no. 20 1,200.00 1,200.00 24,000 24,000
7.2 Mobilization and site clean up LS 1 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000 6,000
7.3 Road Furniture (approx. 5% total) LS 1 135,000 185,000

Table A10.1: NR33 Upgrading Detailed Cost Estimate (contd)
Cost Estimate ($)

Project Project
Preparation Inception
Base Construction Cost 2,846,742 3,758,885
10% Physical Contingency 284,674 375,888
Construction Cost 3,131,416 4,134,773

12
Price Escalation 344,456 206,739
Construction Cost (mid-2010 prices) 3,475,871 4,341,512
10% VAT (Construction Cost + Price Escalation) 347,587 434,151
Total Construction Cost 3,823,459 4,775,663
Average Cost Per Kilometer (15.1 km section) 253,209 316,269
Table A10.2: Cost Increase Analysis
Share in the Total Cost

% Increase
Item
Project Project %
Earth Works and Associated Activities 25 26 43
Sub-base and Base Course 33 35 47
Bituminous Works 23 21 23
Structures 5 5 19
Drainage & slope protection 7 7 36
UXO 0 0 15
Miscellaneous 6 6 30
Total 25
12
An 11% price escalation was considered at project preparation. At project inception a 5% provision for price
escalation earmarked, as the contracts would be of short duration and expected to start in 2010.

Table A10.3: Average Road Construction Cost per Kilometer

Total Construction Average
Bridge No./ Bridge Road
Road and Bridge Construction Cost Road Cost
Construction Length Length
Project Cost Excluding per Kma
Cost (m) (km)
($ million) Bridges ($)
1 Long Bridge/
NR 7 Kratie-Trapang
62.80 NA NA 1,056.84 196.80 319,106
krel
12 Short Bridges
NR 78 Banlung-O
22.10 NA NA 2/118.4 69.56 317,711
Yadav
NR 78 Banlung-
73.30 NA NA 13/909 121.10 605,285
Opangmorn
NR57 Batambang-Pailin 41.88 NA NA 19/320 103.14 406,034
28.00
NR62 Tbeng Mean
32.16 Including 4.15 22/851 110.11 292,072
Chey-Preah Vihear
Box-Culverts
11.44
NR62 Junction to
15.34 Including 3.90 23/690 35.15 436,415
Sroyoung Kosh Ker
Box-Culverts
1 Long Bridge /
NR 3 Rehabilitation 290
21.30 9.50 7.50 32.50 655,385
Phase I 13 Short
Bridges/355
NR 3 Rehabilitation
31.80 24.70 7.10 27 Bridges/ 575 133.00 239,098
Phase II
NR 5 & 6 Rehabilitation
370,000
SRP-Poipet
NA = not available

Table A10.4: Cross-border Facilities at Lork Ha Tien Detailed Cost Estimate
Unit Rate ($) Cost ($)

Item Description Unit Quantity Project Project Project Project
Preparation Inception Preparation Inception
1 Building m2 5,150
1.1 Immigration (60m x 30m) m2 1,800 190.00 340.00 342,000 612,000
1.2 Customs (30m x 15m) m2 450 175.00 340.00 78,750 153,000
1.3 Camcontrol & Quarantine (30m x m2 900 175.00 320.00 157,500 288,000
30m)
1.4 Administration (80m x 20m) m2 1,600 165.00 300.00 264,000 480,000
1.5 Utilities (20m x 20m) m2 400 165.00 300.00 66,000 120,000
2 Roads and Parking m2 21,010

2.1 4-Lane Road (330m x 14m) m2 4,620 14.30 20.37 66,066 94,109
2.2 Circulation Road (70m x 7m) m2 490 14.30 20.37 7,007 9,981
2.3 Parking of Cars and Buses (2m x m2 2,400 14.30 20.37 34,320 48,888
80m x 15m)
2.4 Parking for Trucks (270m x 50m) m2 13,500 14.30 20.37 193,050 274,995
3 Drainage and Utilities (15% of the LS 181,304 312,146

above)

13
Construction Cost (mid-2010 prices) 1,697,186 2,764,054
10% VAT (Construction Cost + Price Escalation) 169,719 276,405
Table A10.5: Cost Increase Analysis

Share in the Total Cost
% Increase
Item
Project Project %
Building 65% 69% 82%
Roads and Parking Space 22% 18% 43%
Utilities 13% 13% 72%
Total 63%
Table A10.6: Average Building Construction Cost per Square Meter
Description Rate $/m

DBST (including Prime Coat & 2 Layers of Chip-Sealing) 5.10
Base Course, 20cm thick 4.20
Sub-Base Course, 30cm thick 2.89
Sub-Grade, 20cm thick 1.80
Embankment ,1.2m fill 4.20
Other Works (12% of the above) 2.18
Cost Per Square Meter of CBF Roads & Parkings 20.37
CBF = cross-border facilities
13
An 11% price escalation was considered at project preparation. At project inception a 5% provision for price
escalation earmarked, as the contracts would be of short duration and expected to start in 2010.

Table A10.7: NR33 Bridge and Structure Upgrading Detailed Cost Estimate
Cost
Existing Structure Conditions
($)
Location
No. Carriageway
(Km) Span No. of Project Project
Type Width
(m) Spans Preparation Inception
(m)
1 0 Bailey 30.60 1 4.3
2 2+400 RC 7.00 1 4.7 63,000 134,400
3 3+700 RC 5.50 1 4.6 49,500 105,600
4 6+500 RC 5.20 1 4.6 46,800 99,840
5 9+100 RC 5.50 1 4.6 49,500 105,600
6 11+500 RC 10.00 1 4.6 90,000 192,000
7 12+300 RC 5.00 1 6.1 45,000 96,000
8 12+900 RC 5.00 1 6.1 45,000 96,000
9 13+600 RC 4.90 1 6.1 44,100 94,080
10 14+100 RC 10.00 1 6.3 90,000 192,000
11 14+900 RC 3.70 1 4.1 33,300 71,040
12 16+700 RC 5.30 1 5.1 47,700 101,760
13 17+100 RC 6.50 1 4.1 58,500 124,800
14 17+250 RC 2.60 1 5.1 23,400 49,920
15 20+750 RC 7.70 1 4.1 69,300 147,840
16 21+200 RC 4.00 1 4.1 36,000 76,800
17 22+800 RC 4.80 1 5.7 43,200 92,160
18 23+600 RC 10.00 1 5.3 90,000 192,000
19 23+900 RC 8.00 1 5.2 72,000 153,600
20 25+400 RC 6.80 1 5.2 61,200 130,560
21 30+200 RC 8.50 1 5.5 76,500 163,200
22 31+200 Bailey 120.00 4 4.3
23 34+800 RC 7.50 1 4.7 67,500 144,000
36+400 0
10% VAT 146,703 296,050
Estimated Cost per square meter ($) 750 1600
Bailey = Bailey bridge, RC = reinforced concrete
Source: DDIS consultant estimate
Table A10.8: NR33 Bridge Average Construction Cost per Square Meter
Length Width Cost Cost

Construction Type
(m) (m) ($) ($/m)
60.00 8.00 RC 708,941 1,477
109.00 8.00 RC 1,613,127 1,850
72.00 10.00 RC 629,667 875
142.00 11.00 PSC 3,842,861 2,460
78.00 10.00 RC 764,104 979
97.00 11.00 PSC 2,320,087 2,174
Average Cost Per Square Meter 1,636.00
PSC = prestressed concrete, RC = reinforced concrete

Table A10.9: NR33 Road Maintenance Detailed Cost Estimate
Approx. Unit Rate Cost

Description Unit
Quantity ($) ($)
1. 14km Fully Rehabilitated under FERP
1 Reconstruction from the Embankment m2 2,940 18.19 53,471
2 Reconstruction from Base Course m2 4,900 9.30 45,570
2
3 Resealing Surface (DBST) m 9,800 5.10 49,980
2
4 Pothole Repair m 168 15.00 2,520
5 Shoulder Material (20 cm-thick layer) m2 8,400 2.50 21,000
6 Construction of Side Ditch m. 1,000 30.00 30,000
2. 22km Repaired under FERP
2
8 Reconstruction from the Embankment m 19,800 18.19 360,112
2
9 Reconstruction from Base Course m 39,600 9.30 368,280
2
10 Resealing surface (DBST) m 66,000 5.10 336,600
11 Pothole Repair m2 660 15.00 9,900
2
12 Shoulder Material (20 cm-thick layer) m 26,400 2.50 66,000
14 5% for Ancillary Works 79,172
15 3% for Daywork Schedule & Provisional 47,503
16 5% for Miscellaneous 79,172
17 Routine Maintenance (18 months for 36 km) km 36.00 3,000 108,000
Base Cost RN33 Maintenance 1,897,280
10% Physical Contingency 189,728
Base Construction Cost 2,087,008
5% Price Escalation 104,350
10% VAT 219,135.86
Total NR31 Maintenance Cost 2,410,494
DBST = double bituminous surface treatment, FERP = Flood Emergency Rehabilitation Project, World Bank Credit
3472.

Table A10.10: NR31 Road Maintenance Detailed Cost Estimate
Approx. Unit Rate Cost

No. Description Unit
Quantity ($) ($)
2
1 Reconstruction from the Embankment m 12,180 18.19 221,524
2
2 Reconstruction from Base Course m 20,300 9.30 188,790
3 Resealing Surface (DBST) m2 40,600 5.10 207,060
4 Pothole Repair m2 696 15.00 10,440
Regarding Shoulders, Including Adding 2
5 m 34,800 2.50 87,000
Shoulder Material in ~20 cm depth
7 Structures 2,730,600
8 5% for Ancillary Works 59,741
9 3% for Dayworks Schedule & Provisional 35,844
10 5% for Miscellaneous 59,741
11 Routine Maintenance (18 months) km 58 3,000 261,000
Base Cost RN31 Maintenance 4,341,739
10% VAT 501,471
Total NR31 Maintenance Cost 5,516,180

Table A10.11: NR31 Structures Detailed Cost Estimate
Principal Dimensions Proposed Dimensions

Structure Location Culvert Number (m) (m) Cost Estimate
Ref. (km) Type of Cells ($)
Span/Diameter Height Width No. of Cells Span/Diameter Width
B2.1 2+165 Concrete 2 1.72+1.82 2.20 7.40 1.00 5.00 12 96,000

C2.1 2+480 Concrete Pipe 2 1.00 7.00 2.00 1.00 12 3,600
C21.1 21+230 Concrete Slab 1 3.80 1.30 6.30 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C24.1 24+198 Concrete Pipe 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C26.1 26+145 Concrete Pipe 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C28.1 28+425 Concrete Pipe 2 1.00 7.40 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
B30.1 30+580 Concrete 3 1.80 2.70 5.50 1.00 6.00 12 115,200
B32.1 32+092 Concrete 3 3.33 2.40 4.30 1.00 10.00 12 192,000
B35.1 35+896 Concrete 5 4.00 2.25 3.90 2.00 10.00 12 384,000
B37.1 37+423 Concrete 3 18.40 6.50 5.20 3.00 20.00 12 1,152,000
C37.1 37+985 1 7.00 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C38.1 38+130 Concrete Slab 1 1.50 1.10 16.50 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C39.2 39+216 Concrete Pipe 1 0.60 6.50 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C41.1 41+684 Concrete Slab 1 1.10 0.95 9.20 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C44.1 44+161 Concrete Slab 1 1.80 1.00 6.20 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C44.2 44+487 Concrete Slab 1 2.20 1.10 5.60 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
C46.2 46+658 Concrete Pipe 1 1.00 6.50 1.00 1.00 12 1,800
B48.1 48+150 Concrete 3 3.10+2.40 +3.10 3.00 5.00 1.00 10.00 12 192,000
B51.1 51,569 Concrete Slab Bridge 1 6.50 2.00 5.00 1.00 10.00 12 192,000
Subtotal 2,730,600
Total including 10%, contingencies, 5% price escalation and 10% VAT 3,469,227

Table A10.12: NR3 Improvement Detailed Cost Estimate
Approx. Unit Rate Cost Estimate

Description Unit
Quantity ($) ($)
Reconstruction from the Embankment m2 23,800 18.20 433,160
Reconstruction from Base Course 2 47,600 11.20 533,120
m
Resealing Surface (DBST) 2 68,000 5.40 367,200
m
Pothole Repair 2 1,360 15.00 20,400
m
Construction of Side Ditch m. 8,000 60.00 480,000
10% for Structures 183,388
5% for Ancillary Works 91,694
3% for Dayworks Schedule & Provisional 55,016
5% for Miscellaneous 91,694
Routine Maintenance (18 months for NR3 68km) km 68 3,000.00 306,000
Base Maintenance Cost 2,561,672
Base Construction Cost (mid-2009 prices) 2,817,840
Base Construction Cost (mid-2010 prices) 2,958,732
10% VAT 295,873
Total Maintenance Cost 3,254,605


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Kingdom of Cambodia

Ministry of Public Works and Transport

ADB LOAN(SF) 2373-CAM:

In Association With Version E

Version Date Prepared by External control Modifications

Author David ROBINSON / Bernard COLIN MOREAU/Lynne REYES-

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

ADB Asian Development Bank

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION SOUTHERN COASTAL CORRIDOR PROJECT

A. Civil Works packages Field Reconnaissance 6

IV PROPOSED REVISION TO THE PROJECT SCOPE

V. DETAILED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION SERVICES

A. Consultants team Mobilization 24

VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33

1. Design and Monitoring Framework 34

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

4. Project Location Maps 46

1. NR3, NR31, NR33 Road Condition Assessment

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

A. The Project at Appraisal

1. The Greater Mekong SubregionSouthern Coastal Corridor (GMS-SCC) Project

B. The Project at Inception

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

9. As anticipated at Appraisal the implementation of the road and bridge improvement

13. A computerized project performance management system design as a management

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

C. Updated Project Cost Estimate

D. Proposed Revised Project Scope

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

E Detailed Design and Implementation Services

20. The detailed design and implementation consultant, Egis-Bceom International,

F. Conclusions and Recommendations

22. The consultants review at inception reveals three major issues:

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

Project Location Map Cambodia Components at Appraisal

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

I. THE PROJECT AT APPRAISAL

B. Project Impact and Outcome

C. Detailed Project Scope and Components

1. Road Improvement and Cross-Border Facilities

3. The road improvements works to be implemented under the Cambodian component

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

CAMCONTROL and quarantine, administration and staff quarters buildings will be

2. Road Maintenance Component

7. The Project will contribute to the development of road maintenance by providing

9. To complement the maintenance planning component (para 7, (i)), routine and

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

4. HIV/AIDS and Trafficking Awareness and Prevention Program

D. Project Cost and Financing Plan

Table 1: Project Cost Estimate and Financing Plan at Appraisal

ADB Government of Government of

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

4. Project Performance Monitoring and Evaluation

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

F. Project Benefits and Impacts

1. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant

II. THE PROJECT SCOPE AT INCEPTION

A. Civil Works Packages Field Reconnaissance

32. The NR33/NR31 junction at Kampong Trach is shown in the TA Report as a T-

Detailed Design and Implementation Consultant