Math BNJ Solutions to Sample Test # 1 February 19, 2016

1. Simplify each of the following (write in the form a bi )

(3 2i)(2 4i) 2 16i (2 16i)(5 3i) 58 74i 29 37
a) i =
5 3i 5 3i (5 3i)(5 3i) 34 17 17

b) (1 3i)7 [2(cos( 3 ) i sin( 3 )]7 128[cos(7 3 ) i sin( 7 3 )] 128[cos( 3 ) i sin( 3 )]

1 3
= 128[cos( 3 ) i sin( 3 )] 128[ i ] 64 64 3i
2 2

c) Find all roots of the polynomial equation z 3 5 z 2 9 z 5 0 One root is clearly z = 1.

Therefore z 1 is a factor and we have that z 3 5z 2 9 z 5 ( z 1)( z 2 4 z 5) and the
roots of ( z 2 4 z 5) 0 are z 2 i

2. Find the area of the region that lies inside both of the curves r 2cos and r 2sin

The two circles intersect when 2cos 2sin with solution . Then
4

1 4 4 4
1 cos 2 4

Area A = 2[ 2[ [2sin ]2 d 4 sin 2 ( )d = 4 d 2 (1 cos 2 )d

20 0 0
2 0

sin 2 4
2( ) |0 1
2 2

3. Prove that 2 divides n 2 n for all positive integers n, using Mathematical Induction.
The proposition that 2 divides n 2 n written as 2 | n 2 n is true for n = 1 since 12 1 2
and 2 | 2. Now assume that 2 | n 2 n . We must show that 2 | (n 1)2 (n 1) . But
 (n 1)2 (n 1) n2 2n 1 n 1 (n2 n) 2n 2 (n2 n) 2(n 1) . Then, since
2 | n 2 n (by the induction hypotheses) and 2|2(n+1), then 2 | (n 1)2 (n 1) and so
2 | n 2 n for all positive integers n.

4. Find xn in closed form if

xn1 xn 3n 1 , x0 2
This can be written as xn 3n 1 which has solution xn n 2 n where x0 2 .
Substituting we have that
(n 1)2 (n 1) 2 ( n2 n 2) 3n 1
Simplifying an equating coefficients we have that

2 3 and
1
3 5
With solution 3 , 5 and so xn n 2 n 2
2 2 2 2

13 1
5. For the dynamical system X k 1 AX k X k , find the eigenvalues and
1 2 3
eigenvectors of the matrix A. Then find the matrices P, P 1 and C such that C P 1 AP
where C is the product of a rotation matrix and a scaling matrix.

1
1 1 7
The characteristic equation is 3
0 or 2 0 with roots (eigenvalues)
1 3
2
3 9
1 0i 1 0i
1

3
i and eigenvectors X 1 1 and X 2 1
6 2 3 i 3 i
2 2 2 2
 1 0 1 0
Then P 1 , P 1 1 2 and

3
2 2 3 3
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 3
C 1 3 6 2

2
1 2 1 3 =
3
2 2 6
3 1
3 3 2

7 1
3 0 2 7 3 3
2 7

0 7 3 3 1
3 2 7 2 7