Word or phrase used before or after the noun is called modifier.

A word or a group of words can give extra information about another word.
Such words or group of words are called modifier. Modifiers describe or
provide more detail about subject, verb ,object, complement or other
modifiers. Modifying words are mostly adjective and adverb. Adjective modify
nouns and pronouns and Adverb modify adjective, verbs and other adverbs.
A noun can too be used as modifier of another noun.
Determiner, Adjective, Noun adjective work as modifier
There are two types of modifiers. (1)Pre modifier, (2) Post modifier
Pre modifier: words or phrase that precedes the word they modify are
called pre modifiers
Post modifier: words or phrase that follow the word they modify are
called post modifiers
-----:Types of Pre modifiers:------
1.Adjective .Example: He is an honest man
2. Present participle (verb present form +ing). ExampleA barking dog
seldom bites
3. Past participle (verb+d,ed). Example:--I want written proof
4.Noun Adjective.( Adjective modifies the first of the two nouns)
Example: This is a busy railway station
5.Determiner(specify the word)
(a) Article: a, an, the,
(b) Demonstrative : this ,that , these, those
(c) Possessive: my, our, your, his, her, their
(d)Numeral: one, two, three, single , double ,triple, first ,second, third,
(e)
Quantifiers:each,every,either,neither,any,many,some,several,little,few,muc
h,more,a lot of, enough
6. Intensifiers: very, extremely, absolutely, really,
7.Adverb. Examples: The above passage is written about computer
8.Compounds is formed with a single noun or a single adjective with more
than one extra word.
Example : A hard working man can succeed in life
9. Noun can modify noun . Example: He is a bus driver.
------:Types of Post modifier:----
1.Infinitive Phrase (To+verb present form+ extra word)
Example : My plan to go abroad was cancelled.
2.Present participle (Verb present form + ing )
Example : I saw him working in the field
3.Past participle. Example: The application written by me has been
granted.
4.Prepositional Phrase(noun+ preposition+ extra word)
Example: The book on the table is mine
5.Appositives(when two nouns sit together and the 2nd noun describes
about 1st noun , then 2nd noun is called appositive of the 1st noun)
Example: Osama, captain of class Ten , is a dutiful boy

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6.Adjective(noun+ adjective)Example: The work is something difficult
7. Adverb (noun+ adverb)Example: The man behind is my teacher
8. Relative Clause. Example: I know the man who came here.
Dangling modifier (Having+verb past participle+ extra word ) or (After+
verb.ing + extra word).
It has no subject and finite verb . It gives extra information about a sentence
Having taken money ,Sumon went to market.
After taking money , Sumon went to market

Modifiers

premodifier
1.AdjectiveasPremodifier:nounnounphraseadjective
nounmodifyAdjectiveattributiveuse
(a)Shimlagavehimabeautifulpicture.
(b)Itwasanattractivefootballmatch.
(c)Somenicegiftshavebeenbought.
2.NounasPremodifier:nounnounmodifynoun,
nounnounmodify,nounnounadjective

(a)Wewenttoabookfair.
(b)Ihaveboughtabookaboutsciencefiction.
(c)TradeFairshouldbeopentoall.
3.ParticipleasPremodifier:,participleadjectiveadverb
Participlepremodifier
(i)PresentParticipleasPremodifier:verbbaseforming
presentparticiplenounadjective
(a)Hesawarunningtrain.
(b)Abarkingdogseldombites.
(c)Adrowningmancatchesatastraw.
(ii)PastParticipleasPremodifier:verbpastparticipleformpast
participlenounadjective
(a)Itwasawrittendocument.
(b)Ihaveboughtsomerottenfishes.
(c)Thesignedletterwasnotsent.
(iii)PerfectParticiple(Phrase)asPremodifier:having+verbpastparticipleform+
perfectparticiplephraseclauseclause
modifyadverb
(a)Havingdefeatedthesoldiers,theCaptainsentthemtoprison.
(b)Havingtakenhermeal,Nowshinwenttocollege.
(c)Havingmarried,Neelawentabroadwithherhusband.

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4.DeterminerasPremodifier:Determinernoun article(a,an,
the)demonstrativepronoun(this,that,these,those)determiner
nounadjective
(a)Shushilpurchasedamobile.
(b)TheMeghnaisabigriver.
(c)Sheboughtthatpenyesterday.
(d)Thoseplayerswereplayinginthefield.
5.QuantifierasPremodifier:Quantifiernoun(quantity) Singular
noncountablenounquantifiermuch,little,alittle,agreat/good/vast/little
amountof,alotof,alot,more,less,some,adequate,enoughpluralcountable
nounquantifiermany,some,few,agreat/goodnumberof,alotof,alot,
three,ten,more,less,several,adequate,enough
(a)Sheboughttenbooksfromthebookfair.
(b)Idontspendmuchmoneyunnecessarily.
(c)Manystudentsattendedtheseminar.
(d)BillGateshasalotofmoney.

6.CompoundasPremodifier:compoundnoun
adjectiveAgeold,brandnew,schoolgoing,outoforder,outdated,outofdate,
oldfashioned,backdated,socalled,farsighted,longsighted,firstclass,newbo,longterm,
shortterm,quicklydone,slowlypassing,multicoloured,multistoreyed,cashpaid,newly
emerged,abovementioned,wellconstructed,wellpaid,welldesigned,wellknown
compound.
(a)Nishathaspurchasedabrandnewcar.
(b)Ahardworkingmancanprosperinlife.
(c)Hisfatherpossessesabackdatedidea.
(d)Thegovt.hasgivenlongtermloantothepoor.
7.PossessiveasPremodifier:Possessivemy,your,his,her,our,their,its,own,Karims,
Shamimasnounadjective
(a)HersisterisanMBBS.
(b)Ihavealreadygotyouridea.
(c)Everybodyknowsitsprice.
8.AdverbasPremodifier:Adverbbelow,under,above,up,down,very,fast,last,early,
late,thennounadjectivequickly,slowly,extremely,very,
fast,last,soon,late,early,instantly,today,yesterday,here,thereadverbverb,
adjective,adverbsentenceadverb
(a)ThethenPrincipalsignedthisletter.
(b)Thedowntrainwillgothere.
(c)Theabovepassageisverydifficult.
(d)Thisistheverymanyouliketomeet.
(e)Thelastmanhasalreadylefttheplace.
(f)Thatquestionwasveryimportant.
(g)Theladywalksextremelyslowly.

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(h)Itisaquicklyincreasingmarket.
(i)Instantlyhelefttheplace.
(j)Thereshewaswaitingforhimeagerly.
B.Postmodifier:modifiernounnounphrasepostmodifier
KumkumhasboughtabookwrittenbyNazrul.writtenbyNazrulpast
participlephrasebookmodify;writtenbyNazrulpostmodifier.
Postmodifiers:
postmodifier
1.Adjective/AdjectivePhraseasPostmodifier:nounnounphrase
adjective/adjectivephrasenounmodify
(a)Wemadetheroomdecorative.
(b)Hedidnotfindanythingwronginherbehaviour.
(c)Allthestudentspresentintheclassprotestedtheproposal.
2.AppositiveasPostmodifier:nounnounphrase,
noun/nounphrasenoun/nounphraseappositivecasein
apposition,noun/nounphrasenoun/nounphrase
adjective
(a)Babor,emperorofDelhi,wasapiousman.
(b)Mr.Robin,theGeneralManager,isattendingthepartytoday.
(c)EverybodyknowsKaziNazrulIslam,agreatpoetinBengaliliterature.
3. Participle (Phrase) as Post-modifier: Participle/Participle phrase adjective
adverb- Participle/Participle phrase pre-modifier- post-
modifier

(i) Present Participle (Phrase) as Post-modifier: Verb- base form- ing

present participle , verb- base form- ing + present
participle phrase present participle (phrase)- noun/pronoun- adjective-
-

(a) We found the boys playing.

(b) The man lying on the floor is a patient.

(c) He saw her going to market.

class No : 01 (Use of Modifiers)

Lesson Name : The Basics Of Modifiers....

What Is Modifier?

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 :
Noun Verb Pre-modifier Post-
modifier , noun verb- -
Post-modifier Pre-modifier
Noun modifier
Noun word phrase
modified Noun word, phrase,
clause modifier
.......................................................
CAPITAL WORD word, phrase
clause :
Elvis Presley came from a (a) POOR family. He was born on
8 January in Mississippi. When Elvis was 13, he asked his
mother to buy him a bicycle (b) WHICH WAS TOO
EXPENSIVE. His mother, a (c) POOR housewife, could only
buy an (d) ORDINARY guiter. In the (e) SAME year Elvis and
his family left Mississippi. They moved to Memphis, (f) A
SMALL TOWN IN TENNESSEE. One day in 1954 he went to a
(g) RECORDING studio (h) CALLED SUN RECORDS. He
wanted to make a record (i) FOR HIS MOTHER'S BIRTHDAY.
The secretary at the studio heard Elvis and took him to her
boss, (j) SAM PHILLIPS. Elvis was sam phillip's dream- a (k)
WHITE boy with a (l) BLACK voice.
---------------------------------
, CAPITAL WORD word,
phrase clause Noun
CAPITAL WORD
---------------
(a) Adjective "POOR" noun "Family" modify
(b)"WHICH WAS TOO EXPENSIVE" Modify "bicycle"
(c) "POOR" Modify "housewife"
(d) "ORDINARY" Modify "guiter"
(d) "SAME" Modify "year"
(e) "A SMALL TOWN IN TENNESSE" Modify "Memphis"

(f) "RECORDING" Modify "Studio"

(g) "CALLED SUN RECORDS" Modify "Studio"
(h) "SAME PHILLIPS" Modify "her boss"
(i) "WHITE" Modify "boy"
(j) "BLACK" Modify "voice"
---------------------------------
, adjective modifier
adjective modifier
noun, phrase, clause noun

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headword modified ,
noun modifier

Class No : 02 (Use of Modifiers)

Lesson Name : Kinds Of Modifiers....
(according to position) Modifier '
:
1. Pre-modifiers : Noun Noun-phrase
modifier , Pre-modifier Adjective
Pre-modifier Determiners,
Quantifiers, Possessives Noun-adjective- Pre-modifier

2. Post-modifiers : modifier, noun head ,
Post-modifier noun phrase clause
modified

Class No : 03 (Uses Of Modifiers)

Lesson Name : Pre-modifiers...
Pre-modifier :
(1) Adjectives as Pre-modifiers :
noun adjective CAPITAL
WORD Pre-modifier...
We had a PLEASANT journey this time. We booked a
SPACIOUS room with COMFORTABLE beds. We enjoyed a
FABULOUS outing in the evening, followed by a GRAND
dinner. In that big dinning hall, we listened to the piano
played by a LOCAL Artist. As we got back to the hotel, the
SOOTHING melody of the piano was still heard in the
serenity of the VIRGIN night.
adjective adverb modified
CAPITAL WORD adjective
modified :
We had a VERY Pleasant journey this time. We booked a
spacious room with REALLY comfortable beds. We enjoyed
a QUITE fabulous outing in the evening, followed by a
grand dinner.
---------------------------------
(2) Determiners and demonstratives as Pre-modifiers :
Determiners (A, An, the, such, each, every, no, some, any,
many, etc); demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
Pre-modifiers :
(a) This is (A) girl. (THE) girl looks pretty. ( A THE
Determiner)
(b) (THESE) Mangoes are green. (THOSE) mangoes are ripe.
( THESE THOSE Demonstratives)
(c) (EACH) girl got a prize. ( EACH Determiner)

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---------------------------------
(3) Quantifiers As Pre-modifiers : Quantifiers much,
many, several, some, a lot of, few, one, two, three, four,
five Pre-modifiers :
(a) (MANY) People came to meet you. ( MANY
Quantifier).
(b) I have (ONE) Sister. ( Sister Quantifier).
---------------------------------
(4) Possessives as Pre-modifiers : Possessives my, our,
your, his, her, their, its Pre-modifiers
:
(a) (YOUR) Attitude is objectionable. So, try to change it.
(b) (THEIR) movement is suspicious. So, keep an eye on
them.
---------------------------------
(5) noun, noun adjective
noun, Pre-modifier
CAPITAL WORD :
She wanted to buy an AIR ticket. But no passenger flight
was departing on that day. Finally, She asked for an ONLINE
booking advice form.
---------------------------------
(6) Compound adjectives/multiple-word as Pre-modifiers :
Compound noun Pre-modifier
Compound CAPITAL
WORD :
The office has a group of HARD-WORKING executives.
However, the owner of the firm has some pretty OLD-
FASHIONED attitudes. For instance, he still uses an OUT-
OF-DATE Computer programme for keeping his accounts.
He has just brought a BRAND-NEW computer and we have
some FIRST-CLASS accounting softwares. But I know, he is
quite happy with those old ones

Class No : 04 (Uses Of Modifiers)

Lesson Name : Post-modifiers...
Post-modifier :
(1) Relative Clause as Post-modifier : Relative clause
noun modify CAPITAL WORD
:
The journalists wanted to interview the doctor WHO
ATTENDED THE PATIENT. They wrote a letter WHICH
WAS SIGNED BY THE EDITOR and sent it to the doctor.
The doctor suggested them to talk to the patient WHO
WAS RECOVERING QUICKLY.
(2) Prepositional phrase as Post-modifier : Prepositional

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phrase noun modify CAPITAL
WORD :
The midfielder WITH A RED ARM BAND, IN JERSEY
NUMBER 10 was Jinadine Jidane. He was the captain
French football team in the world cup of 2006.
(3) Participles as Post-modifier : particles noun modify
:
(a) The book WRITTEN by Mr Jasimuddin Ahmed was
published few days ago.
(b) The flowers HAVING petals look very beautiful.
(c) The building CONSTRUCTED fifty years ago collapsed
yesterday.
(d) The birds FLYING in the sky look very attractive.
---------------------------------
, Appositives, Adverbs Infinitive Phrase Post-
modifier :
(a) Sayem, MY ONLY SON, has become a B.Sc engineer.
(Appositive)
(b) Mr. Islam, HEADMASTER OF SHALBAN HIGH SCHOOL, is
an honest man. (Appositive)
(c) Read the examples ABOVE and answer the question
BELOW. (Appositive)
(d) I have an essay TO WRITE tomorrow. (Infinitive phrase).