Patents Application Grant Findpriorart Discussthispatent ViewPDF DownloadPDF

Nervoussystemmanipulationby Publicationnumber US6506148B2

electromagneticfieldsfrommonitors Publicationtype Grant
Applicationnumber US09/872,528
US6506148B2 Publicationdate 14Jan2003
Filingdate 1Jun2001
ABSTRACT Prioritydate 1Jun2001
Feestatus Paid
Physiologicaleffectshavebeenobservedinahumansubjectinresponseto
Alsopublishedas US20020188164
stimulationoftheskinwithweakelectromagneticfieldsthatarepulsedwith
Inventors HendricusG.Loos
certainfrequenciesnearHzor2.4Hz,suchastoexciteasensoryresonance.
ManycomputermonitorsandTVtubes,whendisplayingpulsedimages,emit OriginalAssignee HendricusG.Loos

pulsedelectromagneticfieldsofsufficientamplitudestocausesuchexcitation.It ExportCitation BiBTeX,EndNote,RefMan

isthereforepossibletomanipulatethenervoussystemofasubjectbypulsing PatentCitations(16),NonPatentCitations(5),Referencedby(4),
imagesdisplayedonanearbycomputermonitororTVset.Forthelatter,the Classifications(6),LegalEvents(3)

imagepulsingmaybeimbeddedintheprogrammaterial,oritmaybeoverlaidby ExternalLinks:USPTO,USPTOAssignment,Espacenet
modulatingavideostream,eitherasanRFsignalorasavideosignal.The
imagedisplayedonacomputermonitormaybepulsedeffectivelybyasimple
computerprogram.Forcertainmonitors,pulsedelectromagneticfieldscapableofexcitingsensoryresonancesinnearbysubjectsmaybegeneratedevenasthe
displayedimagesarepulsedwithsubliminalintensity.

IMAGES (10)

DESCRIPTION CLAIMS (14)

BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION Iclaim:

Theinventionrelatestothestimulationofthehumannervoussystembyan
electromagneticfieldappliedexternallytothebody.Aneurologicaleffectof
externalelectricfieldshasbeenmentionedbyWiener(1958),inadiscussionof
thebunchingofbrainwavesthroughnonlinearinteractions.Theelectricfieldwas
arrangedtoprovideadirectelectricaldrivingofthebrain.Wienerdescribesthe
fieldassetupbya10Hzalternatingvoltageof400Vappliedinaroombetween
ceilingandground.Brennan(1992)describesinU.S.Pat.No.5,169,380an
apparatusforalleviatingdisruptionsincircadianrythmsofamammal,inwhich
analternatingelectricfieldisappliedacrosstheheadofthesubjectbytwo
electrodesplacedashortdistancefromtheskin.
AdeviceinvolvingafieldelectrodeaswellasacontactelectrodeistheGraham
PotentializermentionedbyHutchison(1991).Thisrelaxationdeviceuses
motion,lightandsoundaswellasanalternatingelectricfieldappliedmainlyto
thehead.ThecontactelectrodeisametalbarinOhmiccontactwiththebare
feetofthesubject,andthefieldelectrodeisahemisphericalmetalheadpiece
placedseveralinchesfromthesubject'shead.
1.Amethodformanipulatingthenervoussystemofasubjectlocatedneara
monitor,themonitoremittinganelectromagneticfieldwhendisplayinganimage
byvirtueofthephysicaldisplayprocess,thesubjecthavingasensory
resonancefrequency,themethodcomprising:
creatingavideosignalfordisplayinganimageonthemonitor,theimage
havinganintensity
modulatingthevideosignalforpulsingtheimageintensitywithafrequency
intherange0.1Hzto15Hzand
settingthepulsefrequencytotheresonancefrequency.
2.Acomputerprogramformanipulatingthenervoussystemofasubjectlocated
nearamonitor,themonitoremittinganelectromagneticfieldwhendisplayingan
imagebyvirtueofthephysicaldisplayprocess,thesubjecthavingcutaneous
nervesthatfirespontaneouslyandhavespikingpatterns,thecomputerprogram
comprising:

Inthesethreeelectricstimulationmethodstheexternalelectricfieldisapplied
predominantlytothehead,sothatelectriccurrentsareinducedinthebraininthe
physicalmannergovernedbyelectrodynamics.Suchcurrentscanbelargely
avoidedbyapplyingthefieldnottothehead,butrathertoskinareasawayfrom
thehead.Certaincutaneousreceptorsmaythenbestimulatedandtheywould
provideasignalinputintothebrainalongthenaturalpathwaysofafferentnerves.
Ithasbeenfoundthat,indeed,physiologicaleffectscanbeinducedinthis
mannerbyveryweakelectricfields,iftheyarepulsedwithafrequencynear
Hz.Theobservedeffectsincludeptosisoftheeyelids,relaxation,drowziness,
thefeelingofpressureatacenteredspotontheloweredgeofthebrow,seeing
adisplayroutinefordisplayinganimageonthemonitor,theimagehavingan
intensity
apulseroutineforpulsingtheimageintensitywithafrequencyintherange
0.1Hzto15Hzand
afrequencyroutinethatcanbeinternallycontrolledbythesubject,for
settingthefrequency
wherebytheemittedelectromagneticfieldispulsed,thecutaneousnerves
areexposedtothepulsedelectromagneticfield,andthespikingpatternsof
movingpatternsofdarkpurpleandgreenishyellowwiththeeyesclosed,atonic
smile,atensefeelinginthestomach,suddenloosestool,andsexual
excitement,dependingontheprecisefrequencyused,andtheskinareatowhich
thefieldisapplied.Thesharpfrequencydependencesuggestsinvolvementofa
resonancemechanism.
Ithasbeenfoundthattheresonancecanbeexcitednotonlybyexternally
appliedpulsedelectricfields,asdiscussedinU.S.Pat.Nos.5,782,874,
5,899,922,6,081,744,and6,167,304,butalsobypulsedmagneticfields,as
describedinU.S.Pat.Nos.5,935,054and6,238,333,byweakheatpulses
appliedtotheskin,asdiscussedinU.S.Pat.Nos.5,800,481and6,091,994,and
bysubliminalacousticpulses,asdescribedinU.S.Pat.No.6,017,302.Since
theresonanceisexcitedthroughsensorypathways,itiscalledasensory
resonance.InadditiontotheresonancenearHz,asensoryresonancehas
beenfoundnear2.4Hz.Thelatterischaracterizedbytheslowingofcertain
corticalprocesses,asdiscussedinthe'481,'922,'302,'744,'944,and'304
patents.
Theexcitationofsensoryresonancesthroughweakheatpulsesappliedtothe
skinprovidesaclueaboutwhatisgoingonneurologically.Cutaneous
temperaturesensingreceptorsareknowntofirespontaneously.Thesenerves
spikesomewhatrandomlyaroundanaverageratethatdependsonskin
temperature.Weakheatpulsesdeliveredtotheskininperiodicfashionwill
thereforecauseaslightfrequencymodulation(fm)inthespikepatterns
generatedbythenerves.Sincestimulationthroughothersensorymodalities
resultsinsimilarphysiologicaleffects,itisbelievedthatfrequencymodulationof
spontaneousafferentneuralspikingpatternsoccursthereaswell.
Itisinstructivetoapplythisnotiontothestimulationbyweakelectricfield
pulsesadministeredtotheskin.Theexternallygeneratedfieldsinduceelectric
currentpulsesintheunderlyingtissue,butthecurrentdensityismuchtoosmall
forfiringanotherwisequiescentnerve.However,inexperimentswithadapting
stretchreceptorsofthecrayfish,TerzuoloandBullock(1956)haveobservedthat
verysmallelectricfieldscansufficeformodulatingthefiringofalreadyactive
nerves.Suchamodulationmayoccurintheelectricfieldstimulationunder
discussion.
Furtherunderstandingmaybegainedbyconsideringtheelectricchargesthat
accumulateontheskinasaresultoftheinducedtissuecurrents.Ignoring
thermodynamics,onewouldexpecttheaccumulatedpolarizationchargestobe
confinedstrictlytotheoutersurfaceoftheskin.Butchargedensityiscausedby
aslightexcessinpositiveornegativeions,andthermalmotiondistributesthe
ionsthroughathinlayer.Thisimpliesthattheexternallyappliedelectricfield
actuallypenetratesashortdistanceintothetissue,insteadofstoppingabruptly
attheouterskinsurface.Inthismanneraconsiderablefractionoftheapplied
fieldmaybebroughttobearonsomecutaneousnerveendings,sothataslight
modulationofthetypenotedbyTerzuoloandBullockmayindeedoccur.
Thementionedphysiologicaleffectsareobservedonlywhenthestrengthofthe
electricfieldontheskinliesinacertainrange,calledtheeffectiveintensity
window.Therealsoisabulkeffect,inthatweakerfieldssufficewhenthefieldis
appliedtoalargerskinarea.Theseeffectsarediscussedindetailinthe'922
patent.
Sincethespontaneousspikingofthenervesisratherrandomandthefrequency
modulationinducedbythepulsedfieldisveryshallow,thesignaltonoiseratio
(S/N)forthefmsignalcontainedinthespiketrainsalongtheafferentnervesis
sosmallastomakerecoveryofthefmsignalfromasinglenervefiber
impossibile.Butapplicationofthefieldoveralargeskinareacauses
simultaneousstimulationofmanycutaneousnerves,andthefmmodulationis
thencoherentfromnervetonerve.Therefore,iftheafferentsignalsaresomehow
summedinthebrain,thefmmodulationsaddwhilethespikesfromdifferent
nervesmixandinterlace.InthismannertheS/Ncanbeincreasedbyappropriate
neuralprocessing.Thematterisdiscussedindetailinthe'874patent.Another
increaseinsensitivityisduetoinvolvingaresonancemechanism,wherein
considerableneuralcircuitoscillationscanresultfromweakexcitations.
AneasilydetectablephysiologicaleffectofanexcitedHzsensoryresonance
isptosisoftheeyelids.Asdiscussedinthe'922patent,theptosistestinvolves
firstclosingtheeyesabouthalfway.Holdingthiseyelidposition,theeyesare
thenervesacquireafrequencymodulation.
3.Thecomputerprogramofclaim2,whereinthepulsinghasan
amplitudeandtheprogramfurthercomprisesanamplituderoutinefor
controloftheamplitudebythesubject.
4.Thecomputerprogramofclaim2,whereinthepulseroutine
comprises:
atimingprocedurefortimingthepulsingand
anextrapolationprocedureforimprovingtheaccuracyofthetiming
procedure.
5.Thecomputerprogramofclaim2,furthercomprisingavariability
routineforintroducingvariabilityinthepulsing.
6.Hardwaremeansformanipulatingthenervoussystemofasubjectlocated
nearamonitor,themonitorbeingresponsivetoavideostreamandemittingan
electromagneticfieldwhendisplayinganimagebyvirtueofthephysicaldisplay
process,theimagehavinganintensity,thesubjecthavingcutaneousnervesthat
firespontaneouslyandhavespikingpatterns,thehardwaremeanscomprising:
pulsegeneratorforgeneratingvoltagepulses
means,responsivetothevoltagepulses,formodulatingthevideostreamto
pulsetheimageintensity
wherebytheemittedelectromagneticfieldispulsed,thecutaneousnerves
areexposedtothepulsedelectromagneticfield,andthespikingpatternsof
thenervesacquireafrequencymodulation.
7.Thehardwaremeansofclaim6,whereinthevideostreamisa
compositevideosignalthathasapseudodclevel,andthemeansfor
modulatingthevideostreamcomprisemeansforpulsingthepseudodc
level.
8.Thehardwaremeansofclaim6,whereinthevideostreamisa
televisionbroadcastsignal,andthemeansformodulatingthevideo
streamcomprisemeansforfrequencywobblingofthetelevision
broadcastsignal.
9.Thehardwaremeansofclaim6,whereinthemonitorhasa
brightnessadjustmentterminal,andthemeansformodulatingthevideo
streamcompriseaconnectionfromthepulsegeneratortothe
brightnessadjustmentterminal.
10.Asourceofvideostreamformanipulatingthenervoussystemofasubject
locatednearamonitor,themonitoremittinganelectromagneticfieldwhen
displayinganimagebyvirtueofthephysicaldisplayprocess,thesubjecthaving
cutaneousnervesthatfirespontaneouslyandhavespikingpatterns,thesource
ofvideostreamcomprising:
meansfordefininganimageonthemonitor,theimagehavinganintensity
and
meansforsubliminallypulsingtheimageintensitywithafrequencyinthe
range0.1Hzto15Hz
wherebytheemittedelectromagneticfieldispulsed,thecutaneousnerves
areexposedtothepulsedelectromagneticfield,andthespikingpatternsof
thenervesacquireafrequencymodulation.
11.Thesourceofvideostreamofclaim10whereinthesourceisa
recordingmediumthathasrecordeddata,andthemeansfor
subliminallypulsingtheimageintensitycompriseanattributeofthe
recordeddata.
12.Thesourceofvideostreamofclaim10whereinthesourceisa
computerprogram,andthemeansforsubliminallypulsingtheimage
intensitycompriseapulseroutine.
13.Thesourceofvideostreamofclaim10whereinthesourceisa
recordingofaphysicalscene,andthemeansforsubliminallypulsing
rolledupward,whilegivingupvoluntarycontroloftheeyelids.Theeyelidposition theimageintensitycomprise:
isthendeterminedbythestateoftheautonomicnervoussystem.Furthermore,
pulsegeneratorforgeneratingvoltagepulses
thepressureexcertedontheeyeballsbythepartiallyclosedeyelidsincreases
parasympatheticactivity.Theeyelidpositiontherebybecomessomewhatlabile, lightsourceforilluminatingthescene,thelightsourcehavinga
asmanifestedbyaslightflutter.Thelabilestateissensitivetoverysmallshifts powerleveland
inautonomicstate.Theptosisinfluencestheextenttowhichthepupilishooded
bytheeyelid,andthushowmuchlightisadmittedtotheeye.Hence,thedepth modulationmeans,responsivetothevoltagepulses,forpulsingthe
oftheptosisisseenbythesubject,andcanbegradedonascalefrom0to10. powerlevel.

IntheinitialstagesoftheexcitationoftheHzsensoryresonance,adownward 14.Thesourceofvideostreamofclaim10,whereinthesourceisa
driftisdetectedintheptosisfrequency,definedasthestimulationfrequencyfor DVD,thevideostreamcomprisesaluminancesignalanda
whichmaximumptosisisobtained.Thisdriftisbelievedtobecausedby chrominancesignal,andthemeansforsubliminalpulsingoftheimage
changesinthechemicalmilieuoftheresonatingneuralcircuits.Itisthoughtthat intensitycomprisemeansforpulsingtheluminancesignal.
theresonancecausesperturbationsofchemicalconcentrationssomewherein
thebrain,andthattheseperturbationsspreadbydiffusiontonearbyresonating
circuits.Thiseffect,calledchemicaldetuning,canbesostrongthatptosisislostaltogetherwhenthestimulation
frequencyiskeptconstantintheinitialstagesoftheexcitation.Sincethestimulationthenfallssomewhatoutoftune,the
resonancedecreasesinamplitudeandchemicaldetuningeventuallydiminishes.Thiscausestheptosisfrequencytoshift
backup,sothatthestimulationismoreintuneandtheptosiscandevelopagain.Asaresult,forfixedstimulation
frequenciesinacertainrange,theptosisslowlycycleswithafrequencyofseveralminutes.Thematterisdiscussedinthe
'302patent.

Thestimulationfrequenciesatwhichspecificphysiologicaleffectsoccurdependsomewhatontheautonomicnervous
systemstate,andprobablyontheendocrinestateaswell.

Weakmagneticfieldsthatarepulsedwithasensoryresonancefrequencycaninducethesamephysiologicaleffectsas
pulsedelectricfields.Unlikethelatterhowever,themagneticfieldspenetratebiologicaltissuewithnearlyundiminished
strength.Eddycurrentsinthetissuedriveelectricchargestotheskin,wherethechargedistributionsaresubjecttothermal
smearinginmuchthesamewayasinelectricfieldstimulation,sothatthesamephysiologicaleffectsdevelop.Detailsare
discussedinthe'054patent.

SUMMARY

ComputermonotorsandTVmonitorscanbemadetoemitweaklowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldsmerelybypulsingthe
intensityofdisplayedimages.ExperimentshaveshownthattheHzsensoryresonancecanbeexcitedinthismannerina
subjectnearthemonitor.The2.4Hzsensoryresonancecanalsobeexcitedinthisfashion.Hence,aTVmonitoror
computermonitorcanbeusedtomanipulatethenervoussystemofnearbypeople.

Theimplementationsoftheinventionareadaptedtothesourceofvideostreamthatdrivesthemonitor,beitacomputer
program,aTVbroadcast,avideotapeoradigitalvideodisc(DVD).

Foracomputermonitor,theimagepulsescanbeproducedbyasuitablecomputerprogram.Thepulsefrequencymaybe
controlledthroughkeyboardinput,sothatthesubjectcantunetoanindividualsensoryresonancefrequency.Thepulse
amplitudecanbecontrolledaswellinthismanner.AprogramwritteninVisualBasic(R)isparticularlysuitableforuseon
computersthatruntheWindows95(R)orWindows98(R)operatingsystem.Thestructureofsuchaprogramisdescribed.
Productionofperiodicpulsesrequiresanaccuratetimingprocedure.Suchaprocedureisconstructedfromthe
GetTimeCountfunctionavailableintheApplicationProgramInterface(API)oftheWindowsoperatingsystem,togetherwith
anextrapolationprocedurethatimprovesthetimingaccuracy.

Pulsevariabilitycanbeintroducedthroughsoftware,forthepurposeofthwartinghabituationofthenervoussystemtothe
fieldstimulation,orwhenthepreciseresonancefrequencyisnotknown.Thevariabilitymaybeapseudorandomvariation
withinanarrowinterval,oritcantaketheformofafrequencyoramplitudesweepintime.Thepulsevariabilitymaybe
undercontrolofthesubject.

Theprogramthatcausesamonitortodisplayapulsingimagemayberunonaremotecomputerthatisconnectedtothe
usercomputerbyalinkthelattermaypartlybelongtoanetwork,whichmaybetheInternet.

ForaTVmonitor,theimagepulsingmaybeinherentinthevideostreamasitflowsfromthevideosource,orelsethe
streammaybemodulatedsuchastooverlaythepulsing.Inthefirstcase,aliveTVbroadcastcanbearrangedtohavethe
featureimbeddedsimplybyslightlypulsingtheilluminationofthescenethatisbeingbroadcast.Thismethodcanofcourse
alsobeusedinmakingmoviesandrecordingvideotapesandDVDs.

Videotapescanbeeditedsuchastooverlaythepulsingbymeansofmodulatinghardware.Asimplemodulatoris
discussedwhereintheluminancesignalofcompositevideoispulsedwithoutaffectingthechromasignal.Thesameeffect
maybeintroducedattheconsumerend,bymodulatingthevideostreamthatisproducedbythevideosource.ADVDcan
beeditedthroughsoftware,byintroducingpulselikevariationsinthedigitalRGBsignals.Imageintensitypulsescanbe
overlaidontotheanalogcomponentvideooutputofaDVDplayerbymodulatingtheluminancesignalcomponent.Before
enteringtheTVset,atelevisionsignalcanbemodulatedsuchastocausepulsingoftheimageintensitybymeansofa
variabledelaylinethatisconnectedtoapulsegenerator.

Certainmonitorscanemitelectromagneticfieldpulsesthatexciteasensoryresonanceinanearbysubject,throughimage
pulsesthataresoweakastobesubliminal.Thisisunfortunatesinceitopensawayformischievousapplicationofthe
invention,wherebypeopleareexposedunknowinglytomanipulationoftheirnervoussystemsforsomeoneelse'spurposes.
Suchapplicationwouldbeunethicalandisofcoursenotadvocated.Itismentionedhereinordertoalertthepublictothe
possibilityofcovertabusethatmayoccurwhilebeingonline,orwhilewatchingTV,avideo,oraDVD.

DESCRIPTIONOFTHEDRAWINGS

FIG.1illustratestheelectromagneticfieldthatemanatesfromamonitorwhenthevideosignalismodulatedsuchasto
causepulsesinimageintensity,andanearbysubjectwhoisexposedtothefield.

FIG.2showsacircuitformodulationofacompositevideosignalforthepurposeofpulsingtheimageintensity.

FIG.3showsthecircuitforasimplepulsegenerator.

FIG.4illustrateshowapulsedelectromagneticfieldcanbegeneratedwithacomputermonitor.

FIG.5showsapulsedelectromagneticfieldthatisgeneratedbyatelevisionsetthroughmodulationoftheRFsignalinput
totheTV.

FIG.6outlinesthestructureofacomputerprogramforproducingapulsedimage.

FIG.7showsanextrapolationprocedureintroducedforimprovingtimingaccuracyoftheprogramofFIG.6.

FIG.8illustratestheactionoftheextrapolationprocedureofFIG.7.

FIG.9showsasubjectexposedtoapulsedelectromagneticfieldemanatingfromamonitorwhichisresponsivetoa
programrunningonaremotecomputerviaalinkthatinvolvestheInternet.

FIG.10showstheblockdiagramofacircuitforfrequencywobblingofaTVsignalforthepurposeofpulsingtheintensityof
theimagedisplayedonaTVmonitor.

FIG.11depictsschematicallyarecordingmediumintheformofavideotapewithrecordeddata,andtheattributeofthe
signalthatcausestheintensityofthedisplayedimagetobepulsed.

FIG.12illustrateshowimagepulsingcanbeembeddedinavideosignalbypulsingtheilluminationofthescenethatis
beingrecorded.

FIG.13showsaroutinethatintroducespulsevariabilityintothecomputerprogramofFIG.6.

FIG.14showsschematicallyhowaCRTemitsanelectromagneticfieldwhenthedisplayedimageispulsed.

FIG.15showshowtheintensityoftheimagedisplayedonamonitorcanbepulsedthroughthebrightnesscontrolterminal
ofthemonitor.

FIG.16illustratestheactionofthepolarizationdiscthatservesasamodelforgroundedconductorsinthebackofaCRT
screen.

FIG.17showsthecircuitforoverlayingimageintensitypulsesonaDVDoutput.

FIG.18showsmeasureddataforpulsedelectricfieldsemittedbytwodifferentCRTtypemonitors,andacomparisonwith
theory.

DETAILEDDESCRIPTION

ComputermonitorsandTVmonitorsemitelectromagneticfields.Partoftheemissionoccursatthelowfrequenciesat
whichdisplayedimagesarechanging.Forinstance,arythmicpulsingoftheintensityofanimagecauseselectromagnetic
fieldemissionatthepulsefrequency,withastrengthproportionaltothepulseamplitude.Thefieldisbrieflyreferredtoas
screenemission.Indiscussingthiseffect,anypartorallwhatisdisplayedonthemonitorscreeniscalledanimage.A
monitorofthecathoderaytube(CRT)typehasthreeelectronbeams,oneforeachofthebasiccolorsred,green,andblue.
Theintensityofanimageisheredefinedas

I=jdA,(1)

wheretheintegralextendsovertheimage,and

j=jr+jg+jb,(2)

jr,jg,andjbbeingtheelectriccurrentdensitiesinthered,green,andblueelectronbeamsatthesurfaceareadAofthe
imageonthescreen.Thecurrentdensitiesaretobetakeninthedistributedelectronbeammodel,wherethediscretenessof
pixelsandtherastermotionofthebeamsareignored,andthebackofthemonitorscreenisthoughttobeirradiatedby
diffuseelectronbeams.Thebeamcurrentdensitiesarethenfunctionsofthecoordinatesxandyoverthescreen.The
modelisappropriatesinceweareinterestedintheelectromagneticfieldemisioncausedbyimagepulsingwiththeverylow
frequenciesofsensoryresonances,whereastheemissionswiththemuchhigherhorizontalandverticalsweepfrequencies
areofnoconcern.ForaCRTtheintensityofanimageisexpressedinmillamperes.

Foraliquidcrystaldisplay(LCD),thecurrentdensitiesinthedefinitionofimageintensityaretobereplacedbydriving
voltages,multipliedbytheapertureratioofthedevice.ForanLCD,imageintensitiesarethusexpressedinvolts.
ItwillbeshownthatforaCRTorLCDscreenemissionsarecausedbyfluctuationsinimageintensity.Incompositevideo
however,intensityasdefinedaboveisnotaprimarysignalfeature,butluminanceYis.Foranypixelonehas

Y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B,(3)

whereR,G,andBaretheintensitiesofthepixelrespectivelyinred,greenandblue,normalizedsuchastorangefrom0to
1.Thedefinition(3)wasprovidedbytheCommissionInternationaledel'Eclairage(CIE),inordertoaccountforbrightness
differencesatdifferentcolors,asperceivedbythehumanvisualsystem.Incompositevideothehueofthepixelis
determinedbythechromasignalorchrominance,whichhasthecomponentsRYandBYItfollowsthatpulsingpixel
luminancewhilekeepingthehuefixedisequivalenttopulsingthepixelintensity,uptoanamplitudefactor.Thisfactwillbe
relieduponwhenmodulatingavideostreamsuchastooverlayimageintensitypulses.

Itturnsoutthatthescreenemissionhasamultipoleexpansionwhereinbothmonopoleanddipolecontributionsare
proportionaltotherateofchangeoftheintensityIof(1).Thehigherordermultipolecontributionsareproportionaltotherate
ofchangeofmomentsofthecurrentdensityjovertheimage,butsincethesecontributionsfalloffrapidlywithdistance,
theyarenotofpracticalimportanceinthepresentcontext.Pulsingtheintensityofanimagemayinvolvedifferentpulse
amplitudes,frequencies,orphasesfordifferentpartsoftheimage.Anyorallofthesefeaturesmaybeundersubjectcontrol.

Thequestionariseswhetherthescreenemissioncanbestrongenoughtoexcitesensoryresonancesinpeoplelocatedat
normalviewingdistancesfromthemonitor.Thisturnsouttobethecase,asshownbysensoryresonanceexperimentsand
independentlybymeasuringthestrengthoftheemittedelectricfieldpulsesandcomparingtheresultswiththeeffective
intensitywindowasexploredinearlierwork.

OnehalfHertzsensoryresonanceexperimentshavebeenconductedwiththesubjectpositionedatleastatnormalviewing
distancefroma15computermonitorthatwasdrivenbyacomputerprogramwritteninVisualBasic(R),version6.0(VB6).
Theprogramproducesapulsedimagewithuniformluminanceandhueoverthefullscreen,exceptforafewsmallcontrol
buttonsandtextboxes.InVB6,screenpixelcolorsaredeterminedbyintegersR,G,andB,thatrangefrom0to255,and
setthecontributionstothepixelcolormadebythebasiccolorsred,green,andblue.ForaCRTtypemonitor,thepixel
intensitiesfortheprimarycolorsmaydependontheRGBvaluesinanonlinearmannerthatwillbediscussed.IntheVB6
programtheRGBvaluesaremodulatedbysmallpulsesR,G,B,withafrequencythatcanbechosenbythesubjector
issweptinapredeterminedmanner.Inthesensoryresonanceexperimentsmentionedabove,theratiosR/R,G/G,and
B/Bwerealwayssmallerthan0.02,sothattheimagepulsesarequiteweak.ForcertainfrequenciesnearHz,the
subjectexperiencedphysiologicaleffectsthatareknowntoaccompanytheexcitationoftheHzsensoryresonanceas
mentionedintheBackgroundSection.Moreover,themeasuredfieldpulseamplitudesfallwithintheeffectiveintensity
windowfortheHzresonance,asexploredinearlierexperimentsanddiscussedinthe'874,'744,'922,and'304patents.
Otherexperimentshaveshownthatthe2.4Hzsensoryresonancecanbeexitedaswellbyscreenemissionsfrommonitors
thatdisplaypulsedimages.

Theseresultsconfirmthat,indeed,thenervoussystemofasubjectcanbemanipulatedthroughelectromagneticfieldpulses
emittedbyanearbyCRTorLCDmonitorwhichdisplaysimageswithpulsedintensity.

Thevariousimplementationsoftheinventionareadaptedtothedifferentsourcesofvideostream,suchasvideotape,DVD,
acomputerprogram,oraTVbroadcastthroughfreespaceorcable.Inalloftheseimplementations,thesubjectisexposed
tothepulsedelectromagneticfieldthatisgeneratedbythemonitorastheresultofimageintensitypulsing.Certain
cutaneousnervesofthesubjectexhibitspontaneousspikinginpatternswhich,althoughratherrandom,containsensory
informationatleastintheformofaveragefrequency.Someofthesenerveshavereceptorsthatrespondtothefield
stimulationbychangingtheiraveragespikingfrequency,sothatthespikingpatternsofthesenervesacquireafrequency
modulation,whichisconveyedtothebrain.Themodulationcanbeparticularlyeffectiveifithasafrequencyatorneara
sensoryresonancefrequency.Suchfrequenciesareexpectedtolieintherangefrom0.1to15Hz.

AnembodimentoftheinventionadaptedtoaVCRisshowninFIG.1,whereasubject4isexposedtoapulsedelectric
field3andapulsedmagneticfield39thatareemittedbyamonitor2,labeledMON,astheresultofpulsingtheintensityof
thedisplayedimage.Theimageisheregeneratedbyavideocasetterecorder1,labeledVCR,andthepulsingofthe
imageintensityisobtainedbymodulatingthecompositevideosignalfromtheVCRoutput.Thisisdonebyavideo
modulator5,labeledVM,whichrespondstothesignalfromthepulsegenerator6,labeledGEN.Thefrequencyand
amplitudeoftheimagepulsescanbeadjustedwiththefrequencycontrol7andamplitudecontrol8.Frequencyand
amplitudeadjustmentscanbemadebythesubject.

Thecircuitofthevideomodulator5ofFIG.1isshowninFIG.2,wherethevideoamplifiers11and12processthe
compositevideosignalthatentersattheinputterminal13.Thelevelofthevideosignalismodulatedslowlybyinjectinga
smallbiascurrentattheinvertinginput17ofthefirstamplifier11.Thiscurrentiscausedbyvoltagepulsessuppliedatthe
modulationinput16,andcanbeadjustedthroughthepotentiometer15.Sincethenoninvertinginputoftheamplifieris
grounded,theinvertinginput17iskeptessentiallyatgroundpotential,sothatthebiascurrentisisnotinfluencedbythe
videosignal.Theinversionofthesignalbythefirstamplifier11isundonebythesecondamplifier12.Thegainsofthe
amplifiersarechosensuchastogiveaunityoverallgain.Aslowlyvaryingcurrentinjectedattheinvertinginput17causes
aslowshiftinthepseudodclevelofthecompositevideosignal,heredefinedastheshorttermaverageofthesignal.
Sincethepseudodclevelofthechromasignalsectiondeterminestheluminance,thelatterismodulatedbytheinjected
currentpulses.Thechromasignalisnotaffectedbytheslowmodulationofthepseudodclevel,sincethatsignalis
determinedbytheamplitudeandphasewithrespecttothecolorcarrierwhichislockedtothecolorburst.Theeffectonthe
syncpulsesandcolorburstsisofnoconsequenceeitheriftheinjectedcurrentpulsesareverysmall,astheyarein
practice.Themodulatedcompositevideosignal,availableattheoutput14inFIG.2,willthusexhibitamodulated
luminance,whereasthechromasignalisunchanged.Inthelightoftheforegoingdiscussionaboutluminanceandintensity,
itfollowsthatthemodulatorofFIG.2causesapulsingoftheimageintensityI.Itremainstogiveanexamplehowthepulse
signalatthemodulationinput16maybeobtained.FIG.3showsapulsegeneratorthatissuitableforthispurpose,wherein
theRCtimer21(IntersilICM7555)ishookedupforastableoperationandproducesasquarewavevoltagewithafrequency
thatisdeterminedbycapacitor22andpotentiometer23.Thetimer21ispoweredbyabattery26,controlledbytheswitch
27.Thesquarewavevoltageatoutput25drivestheLED24,whichmaybeusedformonitoringofthepulsefrequency,and
alsoservesaspowerindicator.Thepulseoutputmayberoundedinwaysthatarewellknownintheart.InthesetupofFIG.
1,theoutputofVCR1isconnectedtothevideoinput13ofFIG.2,andthevideooutput14isconnectedtothemonitor2of
FIG.1.

Inthepreferredembodimentoftheinvention,theimageintensitypulsingiscausedbyacomputerprogram.Asshownin
FIG.4,monitor2,labeledMON,isconnectedtocomputer31labeledCOMPUTER,whichrunsaprogramthatproduces
animageonthemonitorandcausestheimageintensitytobepulsed.Thesubject4canprovideinputtothecomputer
throughthekeyboard32thatisconnectedtothecomputerbytheconnection33.Thisinputmayinvolveadjustmentsofthe
frequencyortheamplitudeorthevariabilityoftheimageintensitypulses.Inparticular,thepulsefrequencycanbesettoa
sensoryresonancefrequencyofthesubjectforthepurposeofexcitingtheresonance.

ThestructureofacomputerprogramforpulsingimageintensityisshowninFIG.6.TheprogrammaybewritteninVisual
Basic(R)version6.0(VB6),whichinvolvesthegraphicsinterfacefamiliarfromtheWindows(R)operatingsystem.The
imagesappearasformsequippedwithusercontrolssuchascommandbuttonsandscrollbars,togetherwithdatadisplays
suchastextboxes.AcompiledVB6programisanexecutablefile.Whenactivated,theprogramdeclaresvariablesand
functionstobecalledfromadynamiclinklibrary(DLL)thatisattachedtotheoperatingsystemaninitialformloadis
performedaswell.ThelattercomprisessettingthescreencolorasspecifiedbyintegersR,G,andBintherange0to255,
asmentionedabove.InFIG.6,theinitialsettingofthescreencolorislabeledas50.Anotheractionoftheformloadroutine
isthecomputation51ofthesinefunctionateightequallyspacedpoints,I=0to7,aroundtheunitcircle.Thesevaluesare
neededwhenmodulatingtheRGBnumbers.Unfortunately,thesinefunctionisdistortedbytheroundingtointegerRGB
valuesthatoccursintheVB6program.Theimageischosentofillasmuchofthescreenareaaspossible,andithas
spatiallyuniformluminanceandhue.

Theformappearingonthemonitordisplaysacommandbuttonforstartingandstoppingtheimagepulsing,togetherwith
scrollbars52and53respectivelyforadjustmentofthepulsefrequencyFandthepulseamplitudeA.Thesepulsescouldbe
initiatedbyasystemtimerwhichisactivatedupontheelapseofapresettimeinterval.However,timersinVB6aretoo
inaccurateforthepurposeofprovidingtheeightRGBadjustmentpointsineachpulsecycle.Animprovementcanbe
obtainedbyusingtheGetTickCountfunctionthatisavailableintheApplicationProgramInterface(API)ofWindows95(R)
andWindows98(R).TheGetTickCountfunctionreturnsthesystemtimethathaselapsedsincestartingWindows,
expressedinmilliseconds.Useractivationofthestartbutton54providesatickcountTNthroughrequest55andsetsthe
timerintervaltoTTmiliseconds,instep56.TTwaspreviouslycalculatedinthefrequencyroutinethatisactivatedby
changingthefrequency,denotedasstep52.

SinceVB6isaneventdrivenprogram,theflowchartfortheprogramfallsintodisjointpieces.Uponsettingthetimerinterval
toTTinstep56,thetimerrunsinthebackgroundwhiletheprogrammayexecutesubroutinessuchasadjustmentofpulse
frequencyoramplitude.UponelapseofthetimerintervalTT,thetimersubroutine57startsexecutionwithrequest58fora
tickcount,andin59anupgradeiscomputedofthetimeTNforthenextpointatwhichtheRGBvaluesaretobeadjusted.
Instep59thetimeristurnedoff,tobereactivatedlaterinstep67.Step59alsoresetstheparameterCRwhichplaysarole
intheextrapolationprocedure61andthecondition60.Foreaseofunderstandingatthispoint,itisbesttopretendthatthe
actionof61issimplytogetatickcount,andtoconsidertheloopcontroledbycondition60whilekeepingCRequaltozero.
TheloopwouldterminatewhenthetickcountMreachesorexceedsthetimeTNforthenextphasepoint,atwhichtimethe
programshouldadjusttheimageintensitythroughsteps6365.Fornowstep62istobeignoredalso,sinceithastodowith
theactualextrapolationprocedure61.TheincrementstothescreencolorsR1,G1,andB1atthenewphasepointare
computedaccordingtothesinefunction,appliedwiththeamplitudeAthatwassetbytheuserinstep53.ThenumberIthat
labelsthephasepointisincrementedbyunityinstep65,butifthisresultsinI=8thevalueisresettozeroin66.Finally,the
timerisreactivatedinstep67,initiatinganewcyclestepintheperiodicprogressionofRGBadjustments.

AprogramwritteninthiswaywouldexhibitalargejitterinthetimesatwhichtheRGBvaluesarechanged.Thisisdueto
thelumpinessinthetickcountsreturnedbytheGetTickCountfunction.Thelumpinessmaybestudiedseparatelyby
runningasimpleloopwithC=GetTickCount,followedbywritingtheresultCtoafile.InspectionshowsthatChasjumped
every14or15milliseconds,betweenlongstretchesofconstantvalues.SinceforaHzimageintensitymodulationthe
cyclephasepointsare250msapart,thelumpinessof14or15msinthetickcountwouldcauseconsiderableinaccuracy.
Thefullextrapolationprocedure61isintroducedinordertodiminishthejittertoacceptablelevels.Theprocedureworksby
refiningtheheavylinestaircasefunctionshowninFIG.8,usingtheslopeRRofarecentstaircasesteptoaccurately
determinetheloopcount89atwhichtheloopcontroledby60needstobeexited.Detailsoftheextrapolationprocedureare
showninFIG.7andillustratedinFIG.8.Theprocedurestartsat70withbothflagsoff,andCR=0,becauseofthe
assignmentin59or62inFIG.6.AtickcountMisobtainedat71,andtheremainingtimeMRtothenextphasepointis
computedin72.Conditions77and73arenotsatisfiedandthereforepassedverticallyintheflowchart,sothatonlythe
delayblock74andtheassignments75areexecuted.Condition60ofFIG.6ischeckedandfoundtobesatisfied,sothat
theextrapolationprocedureisreentered.Theprocessisrepeateduntilthecondition73ismetwhentheremainingtimeMR
jumpsdownthroughthe15mslevel,showninFIG.8asthetransition83.Thecondition73thendirectsthelogicflowtothe
assignments76,inwhichthenumberDMlabeledby83iscomputed,andFLG1isset.ThecomputationofDMisrequired
forfindingtheslopeRRofthestraightlineelement85.OnealsoneedstheFinalLM86,whichisthenumberofloops
traversedfromstep83tothenextdownwardstep84,hereshowntocrosstheMR=0axis.ThefinalLMisdeterminedafter
repeatedlyincrementingLMthroughthesideloopenteredfromtheFLG1=1condition77,whichisnowsatisfiedsinceFLG1
wassetinstep76.Atthetransition84thecondition78ismet,sothattheassignments79areexecuted.Thisincludes
computationoftheslopeRRofthelineelement85,settingFLG2,andresettingFLG1.Fromhereon,theextrapolation
procedureincrementsCRinstepsofRRwhileskippingtickcountsuntilcondition60ofFIG.6isviolated,theloopis
exited,andtheRGBvaluesareadjusted.

Adelayblock74isusedinordertostretchthetimerequiredfortraversingtheextrapolationprocedure.Theblockcanbe
anycomputationintensivesubroutinesuchasrepeatedcalculationsoftangentandarctangentfunctions.

Asshowninstep56ofFIG.6,thetimerintervalTTissetto4/10ofthetimeTAfromoneRGBadjustmentpointtothe
next.Sincethetimerrunsinthebackground,thisarrangementprovidesanopportunityforexecutionofotherprocesses
suchasuseradjustmentoffrequencyoramplitudeofthepulses.

Theadjustmentofthefrequencyandotherpulseparametersoftheimageintensitymodulationcanbemadeinternally,i.e.,
withintherunningprogram.Suchinternalcontrolistobedistinguishedfromtheexternalcontrolprovided,forinstance,in
screensavers.Inthelatter,thefrequencyofanimationcanbemodifiedbytheuser,butonlyafterhavingexitedthescreen
saverprogram.Specifically,inWindows95(R)orWindows98(R),tochangetheanimationfrequencyrequiresstoppingthe
screensaverexecutionbymovingthemouse,whereafterthefrequencymaybeadjustedthroughthecontrolpanel.The
requirementthatthecontrolbeinternalsetsthepresentprogramapartfromsocalledbannersaswell.

Theprogrammayberunonaremotecomputerthatislinkedtotheusercomputer,asillustratedinFIG.9.Althoughthe
monitor2,labeledMON,isconnectedtothecomputer31,labeledCOMPUTER,theprogramthatpulsestheimageson
themonitor2runsontheremotercomputer90,labeledREMOTECOMPUTER,whichisconnectedtocomputer31
throughalink91whichmayinpartbelongtoanetwork.ThenetworkmaycomprisetheInternet92.

Themonitorofatelevisionsetemitsanelectromagneticfieldinmuchthesamewayasacomputermonitor.Hence,aTV
maybeusedtoproducescreenemissionsforthepurposeofnervoussystemmanipulation.FIG.5showssuchan
arrangement,wherethepulsingoftheimageintensityisachievedbyinducingasmallslowlypulsingshiftinthefrequency
oftheRFsignalthatentersfromtheantenna.ThisprocessisherecalledfrequencywobblingoftheRFsignal.InFMTV,a
slightslowfrequencywobbleoftheRFsignalproducesapseudodcsignallevelfluctuationinthecompositevideosignal,
whichinturncausesaslightintensityfluctuationoftheimagedisplayedonthemonitorinthesamemannerasdiscussed
aboveforthemodulatorofFIG.2.Thefrequencywobblingisinducedbythewobbler44ofFIG.5labeledRFM,whichis
placedintheantennaline43.Thewobblerisdrivenbythepulsegenerator6,labeledGEN.Thesubjectcanadjustthe
frequencyandtheamplitudeofthewobblethroughthetuningcontrol7andtheamplitudecontrol41.FIG.10showsablock
diagramofthefrequencywobblercircuitthatemploysavariabledelayline94,labelledVDL.Thedelayisdeterminedby
thesignalfrompulsegenerator6,labelledGEN.Thefrequencyofthepulsescanbeadjustedwiththetuningcontrol7.The
amplitudeofthepulsesisdeterminedbytheunit98,labelledMD,andcanbeadjustedwiththeamplitudecontrol41.
Optionally,theinputtothedelaylinemayberoutedthroughapreprocessor93,labelledPRP,whichmaycomprisea
selectiveRFamplifieranddownconverteracomplimentaryupconversionshouldthenbeperformedonthedelayline
outputbyapostprocessor95,labelledPOP.Theoutput97istobeconnectedtotheantennaterminaloftheTVset.

Theactionofthevariabledelayline94maybeunderstoodasfollows.LetperiodicpulseswithperiodLbepresentedatthe
input.ForafixeddelaythepulseswouldemergeattheoutputwiththesameperiodL.Actually,thetimedelayTisvaried
slowly,sothatitincreasesapproximatelybyLdT/dtbetweentheemergenceofconsecutivepulsesatthedeviceoutput.The
pulseperiodisthusincreasedapproximatelyby

L=LdT/dt.(4)

Intermsofthefrequency,Eq.(4)impliesapproximately

/=dT/dt.(5)

ForsinusoidaldelayT(t)withamplitudebandfrequencyg,onehas

/=2gbcos(2gt),(6)

whichshowsthefrequencywobbling.Theapproximationisgoodforgb<<1,whichissatisfiedinpractice.Therelative
frequencyshiftamplitude2gbthatisrequiredforeffectiveimageintensitypulsesisverysmallcomparedtounity.Fora
pulsefrequencygoftheorderof1Hz,thedelaymayhavetobeoftheorderofamillisecond.Toaccomodatesuchlong
delayvalues,thedelaylinemayhavetobeimplementedasadigitaldevice.Todosoiswellwithinthepresentart.Inthat
caseitisnaturaltoalsochoosedigitalimplementationsforthepulsegenerator6andthepulseamplitudecontroller98,
eitherashardwareorassoftware.

Pulsevariabilitymaybeintroducedforalleviatingtheneedforprecisetuningtoaresonancefrequency.Thismaybe
importantwhensensoryresonancefrequenciesarenotpreciselyknown,becauseofthevariationamongindividuals,orin
ordertocopewiththefrequencydriftthatresultsfromchemicaldetuningthatisdiscussedinthe'874patent.Afieldwith
suitablychosenpulsevariabilitycanthenbemoreeffectivethanafixedfrequencyfieldthatisoutoftune.Onemayalso
controltremorsandseizures,byinterferingwiththepathologicaloscillatoryactivityofneuralcircuitsthatoccursinthese
disorders.Electromagneticfieldswithapulsevariabilitythatresultsinanarrowspectrumoffrequenciesaroundthe
frequencyofthepathologicaloscillatoryactivitymaythenevokenervesignalsthatcausephaseshiftswhichdiminishor
quenchtheoscillatoryactivity.
 Pulsevariabilitycanbeintroducedashardwareinthemannerdescribedinthe'304patent.Thevariabilitymayalsobe
introducedinthecomputerprogramofFIG.6,bysettingFLG3instep68,andchoosingtheamplitudeBofthefrequency
fluctuation.Inthevariabilityroutine46,showninsomedetailinFIG.13,FLG3isdetectedinstep47,whereuponinsteps48
and49thepulsefrequencyFismodifiedpseudorandomlybyatermproportionaltoB,every4thcycle.Optionally,the
amplitudeoftheimageintensitypulsingmaybemodifiedaswell,insimilarfashion.Alternatively,thefrequencyand
amplitudemaybesweptthroughanadjustableramp,oraccordingtoanysuitableschedule,inamannerknowntothose
skilledintheart.Thepulsevariabilitymaybeappliedtosubliminalimageintensitypulses.

WhenanimageisdisplayedbyaTVmonitorinresponsetoaTVbroadcast,intensitypulsesoftheimagemaysimplybe
imbeddedintheprogrammaterial.Ifthesourceofvideosignalisarecordingmedium,themeansforpulsingtheimage
intensitymaycompriseanattributeofrecordeddata.Thepulsingmaybesubliminal.Forthecaseofavideosignalfroma
VCR,thepertinentdataattributeisillustratedinFIG.11,whichshowsavideosignalrecordonpartofavideotape28.
Depictedschematicallyaresegmentsofthevideosignalinintervalsbelongingtolinesinthreeimageframesatdifferent
placesalongthetape.Ineachsegment,thechromasignal9isshown,withitsshorttermaveragelevel29representedasa
dashedline.Theshorttermaveragesignallevel,alsocalledthepseudodclevel,representstheluminanceoftheimage
pixels.Overeachsegment,thelevelishereconstantbecausetheimageisforsimplicitychosenashavingauniform
luminanceoverthescreen.However,thelevelisseentovaryfromframetoframe,illustratingaluminancethatpulses
slowlyovertime.Thisisshowninthelowerportionofthedrawing,whereintheIREleveloftheshorttermchromasignal
averageisplottedversustime.Thegraphfurthershowsagradualdecreaseofpulseamplitudeintime,illustratingthat
luminancepulseamplitudevariationsmayalsobeanattributeoftherecordeddataonthevideotape.Asdiscussed,pulsing
theluminanceforfixedchrominanceresultsinpulsingoftheimageintensity.

DatastreamattributesthatrepresentimageintensitypulsesonvideotapeorinTVsignalsmaybecreatedwhenproducing
avideorenditionormakingamovingpictureofascene,simplybypulsingtheilluminationofthescene.Thisisillustratedin
FIG.12,whichshowsascene19thatisrecordedwithavideocamera18,labelledVR.Thesceneisilluminatedwitha
lamp20,labelledLAMP,energizedbyanelectriccurrentthroughacable36.Thecurrentismodulatedinpulsingfashionby
amodulator30,labeledMOD,whichisdrivenbyapulsegenerator6,labelledGENERATOR,thatproducesvoltage
pulses35.Again,pulsingtheluminancebutnotthechrominanceamountstopulsingtheimageintensity.

Thebrightnessofmonitorscanusuallybeadjustedbyacontrol,whichmaybeaddressablethroughabrightnessadjustment
terminal.Ifthecontrolisoftheanalogtype,thedisplayedimageintensitymaybepulsedasshowninFIG.15,simplybya
pulsegenerator6,labeledGEN,thatisconnectedtothebrigthnessadjustmentterminal88ofthemonitor2,labeled
MON.Equivalentactioncanbeprovidedfordigitalbrightnesscontrols,inwaysthatarewellknownintheart.

TheanalogcomponentvideosignalfromaDVDplayermaybemodulatedsuchastooverlayimageintensitypulsesinthe
mannerillustratedinFIG.17.ShownareaDVDplayer102,labeledDVD,withanalogcomponentvideooutputcomprised
oftheluminanceYandchrominanceC.Theoverlayisaccomplishedsimplybyshiftingtheluminancewithavoltagepulse
fromgenerator6,labeledGENERATOR.Thegeneratoroutputisappliedtomodulator106,labeledSHIFTER.Sincethe
luminanceYispulsedwithoutchangingthechrominanceC,theimageintensityispulsed.Thefrequencyandamplitudeof
theimageintensitypulsescanbeadjustedrespectivelywiththetuner7andamplitudecontrol107.Themodulator105has
thesamestructureasthemodulatorofFIG.2,andthepulseamplitudecontrol107operatesthepotentiometer15ofFIG.2.
ThesameprocedurecanbefollowedforeditingaDVDsuchastooverlayimageintensitypulses,byprocessingthe
modulatedluminancesignalthroughananalogtodigitalconverter,andrecordingtheresultingdigitalstreamontoaDVD,
afterappropriatecompression.Alternatively,thedigitalluminancedatacanbeeditedbyelectronicreadingofthesignal,
decompression,alteringthedigitaldatabysoftware,andrecordingtheresultingdigitalsignalafterpropercompression,allin
amannerthatiswellknownintheart.

ThemechanismwherebyaCRTtypemonitoremitsapulsedelectromagneticfieldwhenpulsingtheintensityofanimageis
illustratedinFIG.14.Theimageisproducedbyanelectronbeam10whichimpingesuponthebackside88ofthescreen,
wherethecollisionsexcitephosphorsthatsubsequentlyemitlight.Intheprocess,theelectronbeamdepositselectrons18
onthescreen,andtheseelectronscontributetoanelectricfield3labelledE.Theelectronsflowalongtheconductive
backside88ofthescreentotheterminal99whichishookeduptothehighvoltagesupply40,labelledHV.Thecircuitis
completedbythegroundconnectionofthesupply,thevideoamplifier87,labeledVA,anditsconnectiontothecathodesof
theCRT.Theelectronbeamsofthethreeelectrongunsarecollectivelyshownas10,andtogetherthebeamscarrya
currentJ.TheelectriccurrentJflowingthroughthedescribedcircuitinducesamagneticfield39,labeledB.Actually,there
areamultitudeofcircuitsalongwhichtheelectronbeamcurrentisreturnedtotheCRTcathodes,sinceonamacroscopic
scaletheconductivebacksurface88ofthescreenprovidesacontinuumofpathsfromthebeamimpactpointtothehigh
voltageterminal99.Themagneticfieldsinducedbythecurrentsalongthesepathspartiallycanceleachother,andthe
resultingfielddependsonthelocationofthepixelthatisaddressed.Sincethebeamssweepoverthescreenthrougha
rasterofhorizontallines,thespectrumoftheinducedmagneticfieldcontainsstrongpeaksatthehorizontalandvertical
frequencies.However,theinteresthereisnotinfieldsatthosefrequencies,butratherinemissionsthatresultfroman
imagepulsingwiththeverylowfrequenciesappropriatetosensoryresonances.Forthispurposeadiffuseelectroncurrent
modelsuffices,inwhichthepixeldiscretenessandtherastermotionoftheelectronbeamsareignored,sothatthebeam
currentbecomesdiffuseandfillstheconesubtendedbythedisplayedimage.Theresultinglowfrequencymagneticfield
dependsonthetemporalchangesintheintensitydistributionoverthedisplayedimage.Orderofmagnitudeestimatesshow
thatthelowfrequencymagneticfield,althoughquitesmall,maybesufficientfortheexcitationofsensoryresonancesin
subjectslocatedatanormalviewingdistancefromthemonitor.

Themonitoralsoemitsalowfrequencyelectricfieldattheimagepulsingfrequency.Thisfieldisdueinparttotheelectrons
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
18thataredepositedonthescreenbytheelectronbeams10.Inthediffuseelectronbeammodel,screenconditionsare
consideredfunctionsofthetimetandoftheCartesiancoordinatesxandyoveraflatCRTscreen.

Thescreenelectrons18thataredumpedontothebackofthescreenbythesumj(x,y,t)ofthediffusecurrentdistributionsin
thered,green,andblueelectronbeamscauseapotentialdistributionV(x,y,t)whichisinfluencedbythesurfaceconductivity
onthebackofthescreenandbycapacitances.Inthesimplemodelwherethescreenhasacapacitancedistribution
c(x,y)togroundandmutualcapacitancesbetweenpartsofthescreenatdifferentpotentialsareneglected,apotential
distributionV(x,y,t)overthescreenimpliesasurfacechargedensitydistribution

q=Vc(x,y),(7)

andgivesrisetoacurrentdensityvectoralongthescreen,

js =gradsV,(8)

wheregradsisthegradientalongthescreensurface.Conservationofelectricchargeimplies

j=c{dotover(V)}divs(gradsV),(9)

wherethedotoverthevoltagedenotesthetimederivative,anddivsisthedivergenceinthescreensurface.Thepartial
differentialequation(9)requiresaboundaryconditionforthesolutionV(x,y,t)tobeunique.Suchaconditionisprovidedby
settingthepotentialattherimofthescreenequaltothefixedanodevoltage.Thisisagoodapproximation,sincethe
resistanceRrbetweenthescreenrimandtheanodeterminalischosensmallinCRTdesign,inordertokeepthevoltage
lossJRrtoaminimum,andalsotolimitlowfrequencyemissions.

Somethingusefulcanbelearnedfromspecialcaseswithsimplesolutions.Assuch,consideracircularCRTscreenof
radiusRwithuniformconductivity,showeredinthebackbyadiffuseelectronbeamwithaspatiallyuniformbeamcurrent
densitythatisaconstantplusasinusoidalpartwithfrequency.Sincetheproblemislinear,thevoltageVduetothe
sinusoidalpartofthebeamcurrentcanbeconsideredseparately,withtheboundaryconditionthatVvanishattherimofthe
circularscreen.Eq.(9)thensimplifiesto

V+V/ri2cnV=J/A,rR,(10)

whererisaradialcoordinatealongthescreenwithitsderivativedenotedbyaprime,=1/isthescreenresistivity,Athe
screenarea,Jthesinusoidalpartofthetotalbeamcurrent,andi=(1),theimaginaryunit.Ourinterestisinverylowpulse
frequenciesthataresuitableforexcitationofsensoryresonances.Forthosefrequenciesandforpracticalrangesforcand
,thedimensionlessnumber2cAisverymuchsmallerthanunity,sothatitcanbeneglectedinEq.(10).Theboundary
valueproblemthenhasthesimplesolutionV (r)=J 4 (1(r/R)2).(11)

Inderiving(11)weneglectedthemutualcapacitancebetweenpartsofthescreenthatareatdifferentpotentials.The
resultingerrorin(10)isnegligibleforthesamereasonthatthei2cAtermin(10)canbeneglected.

ThepotentialdistributionV(r)of(11)alongthescreenisofcourseaccompaniedbyelectriccharges.Thefieldlines
emanatingfromthesechargesrunmainlytoconductorsbehindthescreenthatbelongtotheCRTstructureandthatare
eithergroundedorconnectedtocircuitrywithalowimpedancepathtoground.Ineithercasethementionedconductors
mustbeconsideredgroundedintheanalysisofchargesandfieldsthatresultfromthepulsedcomponentJofthetotal
electronbeamcurrent.Thedescribedelectricfieldlinesendupinelectricchargesthatmaybecalledpolarizationcharges
sincetheyaretheresultofthepolarizationoftheconductorsandcircuitrybythescreenemission.Toestimatethepulsed
electricfield,amodelischosenwherethementionedconductorsarerepresentedtogetherasagroundedperfectly
conductivediscofradiusR,positionedashortdistancebehindthescreen,asdepictedinFIG.16.Sincethegrounded
conductivedisccarriespolarizationcharges,itiscalledthepolarizationdisc.FIG.16showsthecircularCRTscreen88and
thepolarizationdisc101,brieflycalledplates.Forsmalldistances,thecapacitancedensitybetweentheplatesof
oppositepolarityisnearlyequalto/,whereisthepermittivityoffreespace.Thechargedistributionsonthescreenand
polarizationdiscarerespectivelyV(r)/+q0andV(r)/+q0,wheretheV(r)/termsdenoteopposingchargedensitiesat
theendofthedensefieldlinesthatrunbetweenthetwoplates.Thatthepartq0isneededaswellwillbecomeclearinthe
sequel.

ThechargedistributionsV(r)/+q0andV(r)/+q0onthetwoplateshaveadipolemomentwiththedensityD (r)=V
(r)=J 4 (1(r/R)2),(12)

directedperpendiculartothescreen.Notethattheplateseparationhasdroppedout.Thismeansthatthepreciselocation
ofthepolarizationchargesisnotcriticalinthepresentmodel,andfurtherthatmaybetakenassmallasdesired.Taking
tozero,onethusarrivesatthemathematicalmodelofpulseddipolesdistributedoverthecircularCRTscreen.Thefielddue
tothechargedistributionq0willbecalculatedlater.

Theelectricfieldinducedbythedistributeddipoles(12)canbecalculatedeasilyforpointsonthecenterlineofthescreen,
withtheresultE (z)=V (0)R {2 /RR/2 z /R},(13)
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
whereV(0)isthepulsevoltage(11)atthescreencenter,thedistancetotherimofthescreen,andzthedistancetothe
centerofthescreen.NotethatV(0)pulsesharmonicallywithfrequency,becausein(11)thesinusoidalpartJofthebeam
currentvariesinthismanner.

Theelectricfield(13)duetothedipoledistributioncausesapotentialdistributionV(r)/2overthescreenandapotential
distributionofV(r)/2overthepolarizationdisc,whereV(r)isnonuniformasgivenby(11).Butsincethepolarizationdiscis
aperfectconductoritcannotsupportvoltagegradients,andthereforecannothavethepotentialdistributionV(r)/2.Instead,
thepolarizationdiscisatgroundpotential.Thisiswherethechargedistributionq0(r)comesinitmustbesuchastoinduce
apotentialdistributionV(r)/2overthepolarizationdisc.Sincethedistancebetweenpolarizationdiscandscreenvanishesin
themathematicalmodel,thepotentialdistributionV(r)/2isinducedoverthescreenaswell.Thetotalpotentialoverthe
monitorscreenthusbecomesV(r)of(11),whilethetotalpotentialdistributionoverthepolarizationdiscbecomesuniformly
zero.Boththesepotentialdistributionsareasphysicallyrequired.Theelectricchargesq0aremovedintopositionby
polarizationandarepartlydrawnfromtheearththroughthegroundconnectionoftheCRT.

Inourmodelthechargedistributionq0islocatedatthesameplaceasthedipoledistribution,viz.,ontheplanez=0within
thecirclewithradiusR.Atpointsonthecenterlineofthescreen,theelectricfieldduetothemonopoledistributionq0is
calculatedinthefollowingmanner.Asdiscussed,themonopolesmustbesuchthattheycauseapotential0thatisequal
toV(r)/2overthediscwithradiusRcenteredintheplanez=0.Althoughthechargedistributionq0(r)isuniquelydefinedby
thiscondition,itcannotbecalculatedeasilyinastraightforwardmanner.Thedifficultyiscircumventedbyusingan
intermediateresultderivedfromExcercise2onpage191ofKellogg(1953),wherethechargedistributionoverathindisc
withuniformpotentialisgiven.Byusingthisresultonereadilyfindsthepotential*(z)ontheaxisofthisdiscas* (z)
=2 V* (R1),(14)

where(R1)istheanglesubtendedbythediscradiusR1,asviewedfromthepointzonthediscaxis,andV*isthedisc
potential.Theresultisusedhereinanattempttoconstructthepotential0(z)foradiscwiththenonuniformpotentialV(r)/2,
bytheansatzofwritingthefieldasduetoalinearcombinationofabstractdiscswithvariousradiiR1andpotentials,all
centeredintheplanez=0.Intheansatzthepotentialonthesymmetryaxisiswritten0 (z)= (R)+b
0R (R1) W,(15)

whereWischosenasthefunction1R12/R2,andtheconstantsaandbaretobedeterminedsuchthatthepotentialover
theplanez=0isV(r)/2forradiirrangingfrom0toR,withV(r)givenby(11).Carryingouttheintegrationin(15)gives

0(z)=(R)b{(1+z2/R2)(R)|z|/R}.(16)

Inordertofindthepotentialoverthediscr<Rintheplanez=0,thefunction0(z)isexpandedinpowersofz/Rfor0<z<R,

whereafterthepowersznarereplacedbyrnPn(cos),wherethePnareLegendrepolynomials,and(r,)aresymmetric
sphericalcoordinatescenteredatthescreencenter.Thisprocedureamountstoacontinuationofthepotentialfromthez
axisintothehalfballr<R,z>0,insuchamannerthattheLaplaceequationissatisfied.ThemethodisdiscussedbyMorse
andFeshbach(1953).TheLaplacecontinuationallowscalculationofthepotential0alongthesurfaceofthediscr<R
centeredintheplanez=0.TherequirementthatthispotentialbeV(r)/2withthefunctionV(r)givenby(11)allowssolvingfor
theconstantsaandb,withtheresult

a=V(0)/,b=2V(0)/.(17)

Using(17)in(16)gives0 (z)=V (0) [(1+2 z2/R2) (R)2 z /R],(18)

andbydifferentiationwithrespecttozonefinallyfindsE0 (z)=V (0) R (z/ z ) [4(R/)2

4 (R) z /R](19)

fortheelectricfieldonthecenterlineofthescreenbroughtaboutbythechargedistributionq0(z).

Thecenterlineelectricfieldisthesumofthepart(13)duetodistributedpulseddipolesandpart(19)duetodistributed
pulsedmonopoles.Althoughderivedforcircularscreens,theresultsmayserveasanapproximationforothershapes,such
asthefamiliarroundedrectangle,bytakingRastheradiusofacirclethathasthesameareaasthescreen.

TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
 FortwoCRTtypemonitorsthepulsedelectricfieldduetoimageintensitypulsinghasbeenmeasuredatseveralpointson
thescreencenterlineforpulsefrequenciesofHz.Themonitorswerethe15computermonitorusedinthesensory
resonanceexperimentsmentionedabove,anda30TVtube.Theexperimentalresultsneedtobecomparedwiththetheory
derivedabove.SinceRisdeterminedbythescreenarea,theelectricfieldsgivenby(13)and(19)haveasonlyfree
parameterthepulsevoltageV(0)atthescreencenter.Theamplitudeofthisvoltagecanthereforebedeterminedforthe
testedmonitorsbyfittingtheexperimentaldatatothetheoreticalresults.Priortofitting,thedatawerenormalizedtoan
imagethatoccupiestheentirescreenandispulseduniformlywitha100%intensityamplitude.Theresultsoftheone
parameterfitaredisplayedinFIG.18,whichshowsthetheoreticalgraph100,togetherwiththenormalizedexperimental
datapoints103forthe15computermonitorandforthe30TVtube.FIG.18showsthatthedevelopedtheoryagreesfairly
wellwiththeexperimentalresults.Fromthebestfitonecanfindthecenterscreenvoltagepulseamplitudes.Theresults,
normalizedasdiscussedabove,are|V(0)|=266.2voltforthe15computermonitorand|V(0)|=310.1voltforthe30TVtube.
Withtheseamplitudesinhand,theemittedpulsedelectricfieldalongthecenterlineofthemonitorscanbecalculatedfrom
thesumofthefields(13)and(19).Forinstance,forthe15computermonitorwith1.8%RGBpulsemodulationusedinthe
Hzsensoryresonanceexperimentsmentionedabove,thepulsedelectricfieldatthecenterofthesubject,locatedat
z=70cmonthescreencenterline,iscalculatedashavinganamplitudeof0.21V/m.Thatsuchapulsedelectricfield,
appliedtoalargeportionoftheskin,issufficientforexcitingtheHzsensoryresonanceisconsistentwithexperimental
resultsdiscussedinthe'874patent.

Inderiving(11),thedimensionlessnumber2cAwassaidtobemuchsmallerthanunity.Nowthatthevaluesfor|V(0)|
areknown,thevalidityofthisstatementcanbechecked.Eq.(11)impliesthat|V(0)|isequalto|J|/4.Thesumofthe
beamcurrentsinthered,green,andblueelectrongunsfor100%intensitymodulationisestimatedtohavepulseamplitudes
|J|of0.5mAand2.0mArespectivelyforthe15computermonitorandthe30TVtube.Usingthederivedvaluesfor|V(0)|,
onearrivesatestimatesforthescreenresistivityas6.7M/squareand1.9M/squarerespectivelyforthe15computer
monitorandthe30TVtube.EstimatingthescreencapacitycAas7pfand13pf,2cAisfoundtobe148106and
78106,respectivelyforthe15computermonitorandthe30TVtube.Thesenumbersareverysmallcomparedtounity,
sothatthestepfrom(10)to(11)isvalid.

Thefollowingprocedureswerefollowedinpreparingpulsedimagesforthefieldmeasurements.Forthe15computer
monitortheimageswereproducedbyrunningtheVB6programdiscussedabove.Thepulsedimagecomprisedthefull
screenwithbasicRGBvalueschosenuniformlyasR=G=B=127,withtheexceptionofanon/offbuttonandafewdata
boxeswhichtogethertakeup17%ofthescreenarea.TheimageintensitywaspulsedbymodifyingtheR,G,andBvalues
byintegerroundedsinefunctionsR(t),G(t),andB(t),uniformlyovertheimage,exceptatthebuttonandthedataboxes.
Themeasuredelectricfieldpulseamplitudeswerenormalizedtoapulsedimagethatoccupiesallofthescreenareaandhas
100%intensitymodulationforwhichtheimagepulsesbetweenblackandthemaximumintensity,forthefixedRGBratios
used.TheimageintensitydependsontheRGBvaluesinanonlinearmannerthatwillbebediscussed.Forthe
measurementsofthepulsedelectricfieldemittedby30TVtube,asimilarimagewasusedasforthe15computer
monitor.ThiswasdonebyplayingbackacamcorderrecordingofthecomputermonitordisplaywhenrunningtheVB6
program,with40%pulsemodulationofR,G,andB.

Infrontofthemonitor,i.e.,forz>0,theparts(13)and(19)contributeaboutequallytotheelectricfieldoverapracticalrange
ofdistancesz.Whengoingbehindthemonitorwherezisnegativethemonopolefieldflipssignsothatthetwopartsnearly
canceleachother,andtheresultingfieldisverysmall.Therefore,inthebackoftheCRT,errorsduetoimperfectionsinthe
theoryarerelativelylarge.Moreoverourmodel,whichpretendsthatthepolarizationchargesarealllocatedonthe
polarizationdisc,failstoaccountfortheelectricfieldfluxthatescapesfromtheouterregionsofthebackofthescreento
theearthorwhateverconductorshappentobepresentinthevincinityoftheCRT.Thisflawhasrelativelymoreserious
consequencesinthebackthaninfrontofthemonitor.

ScreenemissionsinfrontofaCRTcanbecutdramaticallybyusingagroundedconductivetransparentshieldthatisplaced
overthescreenorappliedasacoating.Alongthelinesofourmodel,theshieldamountstoapolarizationdiscinfrontofthe
screen,sothatthelatterisnowsandwichedbetweentogroundeddiscs.Thescreenhasthepulsedpotentialdistribution
V(r)of(11),butnoelectricfluxcanescape.Themodelmaybemodifiedbychoosingthepolarizationdiscintheback
somewhatsmallerthanthescreendisc,byafractionthatservesasafreeparameter.Thefractionmaythenbedetermined
fromafittomeasuredfields,byminimizingtherelativestandarddeviationbetweenexperimentandtheory.

IneachoftheelectronbeamsofaCRT,thebeamcurrentisanonlinearfunctionofthedrivingvoltage,i.e.,thevoltage
betweencathodeandcontrolgrid.Sincethisfunctionisneededinthenormalizationprocedure,itwasmeasuredforthe15
computermonitorthathasbeenusedintheHzsensoryresonanceexperimentsandtheelectricfieldmeasurements.
Althoughthebeamcurrentdensityjcanbedetermined,itiseasiertomeasuretheluminance,byreadingalightmeterthatis
broughtrightuptothemonitorscreen.WiththeRGBvaluesintheVB6programtakenasthesameintegerK,theluminance
ofauniformimageisproportionaltotheimageintensityI.Theluminanceofauniformimagewasmeasuredforvarious
valuesofK.Theresultswerefittedwith

I=c1K ,(20)

wherec1isaconstant.Thebestfit,with6.18%relativestandarddeviation,wasobtainedfor=2.32.

Screenemissionsalsooccurforliquidcrystaldisplays(LCD).Thepulsedelectricfieldsmayhaveconsiderableamplitude
forLCDsthathavetheirdrivingelectrodesonoppositesidesoftheliquidcrystalcell,forpassivematrixaswellasforactive
matrixdesign,suchasthinfilmtechnology(TFT).Forarrangementswithinplaneswitching(IPS)however,thedriving
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
electrodesarepositionedinasingleplane,sothatthescreenemissionisverysmall.ForarrangementsotherthanIPS,the
electricfieldiscloselyapproximatedbythefringefieldofatwoplatecondenser,forthesimplecasethattheimageis
uniformandextendsoverthefullscreen.ForacircularLCDscreenwithradiusR,thefieldonthecenterlinecanbereadily
calculatedasduetopulseddipolesthatareuniformlydistributedoverthescreen,withtheresult

Ed(z)=()VR2/(z2+R2){fraction(3/2)},(21)

whereEd(z)istheamplitudeofthepulsedelectricfieldatadistancezfromthescreenandVisavoltagepulseamplitude,
inwhichtheapertureratiooftheLCDhasbeentakenintoaccount.Eq.(21)canbeusedasanapproximationforscreensof
anyshape,bytakingRastheradiusofacirclewiththesameareaasthescreen.Theresultappliestothecasethatthe
LCDdoesnothaveagroundconnection,sothatthetopandbottomelectrodesareatoppositepotential,i.e.,V/2andV/2.

IfonesetofLCDelectrodesisgrounded,monopolesareneededtokeeptheseelectrodesatzeropotential,muchasinthe
caseofaCRTdiscussedabove.TheLCDsituationissimplerhowever,asthereisnochargeinjectionbyelectronbeams,
sothatthepotentialsonthetopandbottomplatesofthecondenserinthemodelarespatiallyuniform.From(14)itisseen
thatmonopoles,distributedoverthediscofradiusRintheplanez=0suchastoprovideonthediscapotentialV/2,induce
onthesymmetryaxisapotential (z)=1 V (R).(22)

DifferentiatingwithrespecttozgivestheelectricfieldonthesymmetryaxisEm (z)=zVR z (z2+R2),

(23)

inducedbythepulsedmonopoles.ForanLCDwithonesetofelectrodesgrounded,thepulsedelectricfieldforscreen
voltagepulseamplitudeVatadistancezfromthescreenonthecenterlinehasanamplitudethatisthesumoftheparts
(21)and(23).Theresultantelectricfieldinthebackisrelativelysmall,duetothechangeinsigninthemonopolefieldthatis
causedbythefactorz/|z|.Therefore,screenemissionsinfrontofanLCDcanbekeptsmallsimplybyhavingthegrounded
electrodesinfront.

Asacheckonthetheory,thepulsedelectricfieldemittedbythe3LCDTFTcolorscreenofthecamcordermentioned
abovehasbeenmeasuredatelevenpointsonthecenterlineofthescreen,rangingfrom4.0cmto7.5cm.Thepulsed
imagewasproducedbyplayingbackthevideorecordingofthe15computermonitorthatwasmadewhilerunningtheVB6
programdiscussedabove,foraimageintensitypulsefrequencyofHz,R=G=B=K,modulatedaroundK=127withan
amplitudeK=51.Afternormalizationtoauniformfullscreenimagewith100%intensitymodulationbyusingthenonlinear
relation(20),theexperimentaldatawerefittedtothetheoreticalcurvethatexpressesthesumofthefields(21)and(23).The
effectivescreenpulsevoltageamplitudeVwasfoundtobe2.1volt.TherelativestandarddeviationinVforthefitis5.1%,
whichshowsthattheoryandexperimentareinfairlygoodagreement.

Certainmonitorscancauseexcitationofsensoryresonancesevenwhenthepulsingofdisplayedimagesissubliminal,i.e.,
unnoticedbytheaverageperson.Whencheckingthisconditiononacomputermonitor,aproblemarisesbecauseofthe
roundingofRGBvaluestointegers,asoccursintheVB6program.Forsmallpulseamplitudethesinewaveisthereby
distortedintoasquarewave,whichiseasiertospot.ThisproblemisalleviatedsomewhatbychoosingR=0,G=0,and
B=2,sincethenthe8roundedsinefunctionsaroundtheunitcircle,multipliedwiththepulseamplitudeB=2becomethe
sequence1,2112,1,12,2,1,etc,whichissmoothertotheeyethanasquarewave.UsingtheVB6programand
the15computermonitormentionedabovewithR=71,G=71,andB=233,aHzpulsemodulationwithamplitudes
R=G=0andB=2couldnotbenoticedbythesubject,andisthereforeconsideredsubliminal.Itisofinteresttocalculate
thescreenemissionforthiscase,andconductasensoryresonanceexperimentaswell.Adistancez=60cmwaschosen
forthecalculationandtheexperiment.UsingEq.(20),theimageintensitypulsemodulationforthecaseisfoundtobe1.0%
ofthemaximumintensitymodulation.UsingR=13.83cmtogetherwith|V(0)|=266.2Vforthe15computermonitor,andthe
theoreticalgraph100ofFIG.18,thepulsedelectricfieldatz=60cmwasfoundtohaveanamplitudeof138mV/m.Inview
oftheexperimentalresultsdiscussedinthe'874and'922patents,suchafield,usedatapulsefrequencychosen
appropriatelyfortheHzsensoryresonanceandappliedpredominantlytotheface,isexpectedtobesufficientforexciting
theHzsensoryresonance.AconfirmationexperimentwasdonebyrunningtheVB6programwiththediscussedsettings
andthe15monitor.Thecenterofthesubject'sfacewaspositionedonthescreencenterline,atadistanceof60cmfrom
thescreen.Afrequencysweepof0.1%pertencycleswaschosen,withaninitialpulsefrequencyof34ppm.Fullptosis
wasexperiencedbythesubjectat20minutesintotherun,whenthepulsefrequencywasf=31.76ppm.At27minutesinto
therun,thefrequencysweepwasreversedto+0.1%pertencycles.Fullptosiswasexperiencedatf=31.66ppm.At40
minutesintotherun,thefrequencysweepwassetto0.1%pertencycles.Fullptosisoccurredatf=31.44ppm.Thesmall
differencesinptosisfrequencyareattributedtochemicaldetuning,discussedintheBackgroundSection.Itisconcluded
thattheHzsensoryresonancewasexcitedinthisexperimentbyscreenemissionsfromsubliminalimagepulsingonthe
15computermonitoratadistanceof60cm.Foreachimplementationandembodimentdiscussed,theimagepulsingmay
besubliminal.

Thehumaneyeislesssensitivetochangesinhuethantochangesinbrightness.Incompositevideothisfactallowsusing
achrominancebandwidththatissmallerthantheluminancebandwidth.Butitalsohastheconsequencethatpulsingofthe
chrominanceforfixedluminanceallowslargerpulseamplitudeswhilestayingwithinthesubliminalpulseregime.Eq.(3)
showshowtopulsethechrominancecomponentsRYandBYwhilekeepingYfixedforthechangeinpixelintensityone
thenhas
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
Ih=0.491(RY)+0.806(BY).(24)

Luminancepulseswithfixedchrominancegiveachangeinpixelintensity

I1=3Y.(25)

Ofcourse,purechrominancepulsesmaybecombinedwithpureluminancepulsesaninstanceofsuchcombinationhas
beenmentionedabove.

ThesubliminalregionincolorspaceneedstobeexploredtodeterminehowmarginallysubliminalpulsesR,G,andB
dependonRGBvalues.Priortothis,theconditionforimagepulsestobesubliminalshouldnotbephrasedsolelyintermsof
thepercentageofintensitypulseamplitude.Thesubliminalimagepulsingcaseconsideredabove,wherethemonitoris
drivenbyaVB6computerprogramwithR=G=71,B=233,andR=G=0,B=2forfullscreenimageswillbereferredtoas
thestandardsubliminalimagepulsing.

IntheinterestofthepublicweneedtoknowtheviewingdistancesatwhichaTVwithsubliminallypulsedimagescan
causeexcitationofsensoryresonances.Aroughexplorationisreportedherewhichmayserveasstartingpointforfurther
work.Theexplorationislimitedtoestimatingthelargestdistancez=zmaxalongthecenterlineofthe30TVatwhichscreen
emissionscanexcitetheHzresonance,asdeterminedbytheptosistest.TheTVistodisplayanimagewhich
undergoesthestandardsubliminalpulsingasdefinedabove.Itwouldbebesttoperformthistestwiththe30TVonwhich
thesubliminallypulsedimagesareproducedbymeansofavideo.Sincesuchavideowasnotavailable,theptosistestwas
conductedinsteadwithapulsedelectricfieldsourceconsistingofasmallgroundeddoubletelectrodeofthetypediscussed
inthe'874patent.Thedoubletwasdrivenwithasinusoidalvoltageof10Vamplitude,andthecenterofmassofthesubject
waslocatedonthecenterlineofthedoubletatadistancez=zd=323cm.Thedoubletelectrodesarerectanglesof4.4cmby
4.7cm.Atthelargedistancezdthereiswholebodyexposuretothefield,sothatthebulkeffectdiscussedinthe'874
patentcomesintoplay,asisexpectedtohappenalsoatthedistancezmaxfromthe30TVmonitor.Thesubjectwasfacing
thehotelectrodeofthedoublet,sothatatthesubjectcentertheelectricfieldwasthesumoftheparts(21)and(23),for
positivevaluesofz.Itwasthoughtimportanttouseasinewave,sincethatwouldbethecommerciallypreferredpulse
shapewhichallowslargerpulseamplitudeswithoutbeingnoticed.Theonlyreadilyavailablesinewavegeneratorwiththe
requiredvoltagewasanoscillatorwitharathercoarsefrequencycontrolthatcannotbesetaccurately,althoughthe
frequencyisquitestableandcanbemeasuredaccurately.Fortheexperimentapulsefrequencyof0.506Hzwasaccepted,
althoughitdiffersconsiderablyfromthesteadyptosisfrequencyforthiscase.Thesubjectexperiencedseveralptosis
cyclesofmoderateintensity,starting8minutesintotheexperimentrun.ItisconcludedthattheHzsensoryresonance
wasexcited,andthatthestimulatingfieldwasclosetotheweakestfieldcapableofexcitation.FromEqs.(21)and(23),the
electricfieldpulseamplitudeatthecenterofmassofthesubjectwasfoundtobe7.9mV/m.Thatanelectricfieldwithsuch
asmallpulseamplitude,appliedtothewholebody,iscapableofexcitingtheHzsensoryresonanceisconsistentwith
experimentalresultsreportedinthe'874patent,althoughthesewereobtainedforthe2.4Hzresonance.Next,thedistance
zmaxwasdeterminedatwhichthe30TVtubewith1%imageintensitypulseamplitudeproducesanelectricfieldwitha
pulseamplitudeof7.9mV/m,alongthecenterlineofthescreen.FromEqs.(13)and(19)onefindszmax =362.9cm.Atmore
than11feet,thisisaratherlargedistanceforviewinga30TV.Yet,theexperimentandtheorydiscussedshowthatthe
Hzsensoryresonancecanbeexcitedatthislargedistance,bypulsingtheimageintensitysubliminally.Ofcourse,the
excitationoccursaswellforarangeofsmallerviewingdistances.Itisthusapparentthatthehumannervoussystemcanbe
manipulatedbyscreenemissionsfromsubliminalTVimagepulses.

Windows95,Windows98,andVisualBasicareregisteredtrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation.

Theinventionisnotlimitedbytheembodimentsshowninthedrawingsanddescribedinthespecification,whicharegiven
bywayofexampleandnotoflimitation,butonlyinaccordancewiththescopeoftheappendedclaims.

PATENTCITATIONS

CitedPatent Filingdate Publicationdate Applicant Title

Apparatusforconvertingcathoderayportrayableinformationtospacial
US3592965* 22Aug1967 13Jul1971 DiazZaid
images
Kinestheticphysicalmovementfeedbackdisplayforcontrollingthe
US4800893* 10Jun1987 31Jan1989 RossSidneyA
nervoussystemofalivingorganism
Treatmentofsleepdisordersandalleviatingdisruptionofcircadian
US5169380 5Mar1991 8Dec1992 BrennanMichaelJW
rhythms
US5304112* 16Oct1991 19Apr1994 TheresiaA.Mrklas Stressreductionsystemandmethod
GeneralElectric
US5400383* 9Dec1991 21Mar1995 Fluoroscopicimagerwithframefillingapparatus
Company
US5412419* 11Feb1991 2May1995 SusanaZiarati Magneticresonanceimagingcompatibleaudioandvideosystem
TheCatholicUniversity Protectionoflivingsystemsfromadverseeffectsofelectric,magnetic
US5450859* 6Jul1993 19Sep1995
OfAmerica andelectromagneticfields
US5782874 24Jan1997 21Jul1998 LoosHendricusG. Methodandapparatusformanipulatingnervoussystems
US5800481 28Dec1995 1Sep1998 LoosHendricusG. Thermalexcitationofsensoryresonances
US5899922 14Nov1997 4May1999 LoosHendricusG. Manipulationofnervoussystemsbyelectricfields
US5935054 7Jun1995 10Aug1999 LoosHendricusG. Magneticexcitationofsensoryresonances
US6017302 31Oct1997 25Jan2000 LoosHendricusG. Subliminalacousticmanipulationofnervoussystems
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
US6081744 17Jul1998 27Jun2000 LoosHendricusG. Electricfringefieldgeneratorformanipulatingnervoussystems
 CitedPatent Filingdate Publicationdate Applicant Title
US6091994 31Aug1998 18Jul2000 LoosHendricusG. Pulsativemanipulationofnervoussystems
US6167304 17Jun1999 26Dec2000 LoosHendricusG. Pulsevariabilityinelectricfieldmanipulationofnervoussystems
US6238333 10Aug1999 29May2001 HendricusG.Loos Remotemagneticmanipulationofnervoussystems
*Citedbyexaminer

NONPATENTCITATIONS
Reference
C.A.TerzuoloandT.H.Bullock"Measurementofimposedvoltagegradientadequatetomodulateneuronalfiring"Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci,Physiology
1
42,68794,1956.
2 M.Hutchison"Megabrain"p.2323BallantineBooksNewYork1991.
3 N.Wiener"Nonlinearproblemsinrandomtheory"p.7172JohnWileyNewYork1958.
4 O.Kellogg"FoundationsofPotentialTheory"p.191Dover,1953.
5 P.M.MorseandH.Feshbach"MethodsofTheoreticalPhysics"p.1267McGrawHillNewYork,1953.

REFERENCEDBY
CitingPatent Filingdate Publicationdate Applicant Title
Ascension
DCmagneticbasedpositionandorientationmonitoringsystemfor
US8942780* 29Sep2010 27Jan2015 Technology
trackingmedicalinstruments
Corporation
Atmosphereexpressionwordselectionsystem,atmosphere
US9286913* 28Mar2011 15Mar2016 NecCorporation
expressionwordselectionmethod,andprogram
Ascension
DCmagneticbasedpositionandorientationmonitoringsystemfor
US20110082366* 29Sep2010 7Apr2011 Technology
trackingmedicalinstruments
Corporation
Atmosphereexpressionwordselectionsystem,atmosphere
US20130024192* 28Mar2011 24Jan2013 NecCorporation
expressionwordselectionmethod,andprogram
*Citedbyexaminer

CLASSIFICATIONS

U.S.Classification 600/27,600/545
InternationalClassification A61N2/00,A61N2/04
CooperativeClassification A61N2/00
EuropeanClassification A61N2/00

LEGALEVENTS
Date Code Event Description
9Jul2006 FPAY Feepayment Yearoffeepayment:4

13Jun2010 FPAY Feepayment Yearoffeepayment:8

25May2014 FPAY Feepayment Yearoffeepayment:12

GoogleHomeSitemapUSPTOBulkDownloadsPrivacyPolicyTermsofServiceAboutGooglePatentsSendFeedback
DataprovidedbyIFICLAIMSPatentServices

TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,andJapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.