InRoads101 E4 TRN008420

InRoads 101
Bentley Institute Course Guide

Fourth Edition
for InRoads version 8.9 with MicroStation V8 XM Edition
TRN008420-1/0004
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considered or deemed a modification or amendment of such warranties.
The information and the software discussed in this document are subject to change without notice and
should not be considered commitments by Bentley Systems, Incorporated. Bentley Systems,
Incorporated assumes no responsibility for any error that may appear in this document.
The software discussed in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only
in accordance with the terms of this license.
No responsibility is assumed by Bentley Systems, Incorporated for the use or reliability of software on
equipment that is not supplied by Bentley Systems, Incorporated, or its affiliated companies.
Bentley, the "B" logo, InRail, InRoads and MicroStation are registered trademarks and InRoads Bridge,
InRoads Site, InRoads Storm & Sanitary and InRoads Survey are trademarks of Bentley Systems,
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InRoads 101 12/19/06
ii Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Table of Contents
Introduction __________________________________ 1-1

Introduction _________________________________________ 1-1
Introductions ________________________________________ 1-2
Course Materials _____________________________________ 1-3
Training Videos ______________________________________ 1-4
Prerequisites_________________________________________ 1-5
Recommended Follow-Up Course________________________ 1-6
Expectations_________________________________________ 1-7
Important Information _________________________________ 1-8
Course Schedule______________________________________ 1-9
Style Conventions and Course Exercises___________________ 1-10
A Tour of InRoads _____________________________ 2-11

Lesson Objectives ____________________________________ 2-12
InRoads Family of Products_____________________________ 2-13
InRoads: An Assortment of Tools ________________________ 2-15
What Can you Accomplish with InRoads? _________________ 2-16
Additional Information ________________________________ 2-17
Starting InRoads______________________________________ 2-18
Practice-Starting InRoads ______________________________ 2-19
CAD Graphics _______________________________________ 2-20
The InRoads Explorer _________________________________ 2-21
Explore the Interface __________________________________ 2-23
InRoads File Types ___________________________________ 2-24
Resource Files _______________________________________ 2-26
Practice-Open a Preference File__________________________ 2-28
Opening InRoads Files_________________________________ 2-29
Practice-Open a Surface________________________________ 2-30
Check Your Results ___________________________________ 2-31
Surfaces ____________________________________________ 2-32
View Surface Tools ___________________________________ 2-33
Practice-Viewing Surface Data __________________________ 2-35
Geometry Project _____________________________________ 2-36
Opening a Geometry Project ____________________________ 2-37
Practice-Open Geometry _______________________________ 2-38
Profiles _____________________________________________ 2-40
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Table of Contents
Practice-Creating a Profile______________________________ 2-41

Cross Sections _______________________________________ 2-43
Viewing Cross Sections ________________________________ 2-44
Practice-View Cross Sections ___________________________ 2-45
Creating and Saving Files ______________________________ 2-47
Closing Files ________________________________________ 2-49
Practice-Closing Files _________________________________ 2-50
Project Task _________________________________________ 2-51
Project Setup _________________________________ 3-53

The Big Picture ______________________________________ 3-55
Practice-File Creation _________________________________ 3-57
Project Defaults ______________________________________ 3-61
Practice-Set Up Project Defaults _________________________ 3-62
The Project File ______________________________________ 3-64
Practice-Create a Project File____________________________ 3-66
Meadow Park Drive Extension-Project Scope_______________ 3-68
Meadow Park Drive-Project Task ________________________ 3-70
Introduction to Surfaces ________________________ 4-73

Surfaces ____________________________________________ 4-76
Surface Triangulation__________________________________ 4-77
Surface Features______________________________________ 4-78
Feature Types________________________________________ 4-79
Using Breakline Features_______________________________ 4-81
Exterior Features _____________________________________ 4-82
Interior Features ______________________________________ 4-83
Preferences__________________________________________ 4-84
Practice-View Surface Contours _________________________ 4-85
Surface Properties ____________________________________ 4-86
Practice-Surface Review _______________________________ 4-87
Surface Creation ______________________________ 5-91

What is a Surface? ____________________________________ 5-94
Collecting Surface Data ________________________________ 5-95
Loading Surface Data _________________________________ 5-96
DEM Surface ________________________________________ 5-98
Practice-Import DEM Surface ___________________________ 5-99
Import Surface Graphics _______________________________ 5-101
Practice-Import Graphics _______________________________ 5-102
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iv Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Table of Contents

Practice-Import Linear Features _________________________ 5-105
What is a Feature?-Review _____________________________ 5-108
Types of Features-Review ______________________________ 5-109
Feature Properties ____________________________________ 5-111
Further Surface Improvement ___________________________ 5-113
Point Density Interval-Set to Zero ________________________ 5-114
Point Density Interval-Set to 10__________________________ 5-115
Practice-Change the Point Density Interval_________________ 5-116
The Intelligent Surface_________________________________ 5-118
Practice-View Intelligent Features________________________ 5-119
Introduction to Geometry _______________________ 6-125

Where are we in the Big Picture? ________________________ 6-126
What is a Geometry File? ______________________________ 6-129
Geometry Project Structure _____________________________ 6-130
Opening InRoads Files-Review __________________________ 6-131
What is a Horizontal Alignment? ________________________ 6-132
Types of Geometry ___________________________________ 6-133
Type of Graphics that can be Imported ____________________ 6-135
Things to be Aware of _________________________________ 6-136
Practice-Import Alignment from Graphics _________________ 6-137
Horizontal Alignments_________________________________ 6-139
Practice-Define Stationing ______________________________ 6-140
Horizontal Alignment Annotation ________________________ 6-142
Practice-View Horizontal Annotation _____________________ 6-143
Horizontal Alignments _________________________ 7-149

Horizontal Curve Set __________________________________ 7-151
Productivity Tips _____________________________________ 7-153
Practice-Create Alignment with Precision__________________ 7-155
Horizontal Curves ____________________________________ 7-158
Practice-Define Horizontal Curves _______________________ 7-160
Profiles and Cross Sections _____________________ 8-165

Profile Review _______________________________________ 8-167
Create Profile _______________________________________ 8-168
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Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated v

Table of Contents
Practice-Create Existing Ground Profile ___________________ 8-169

Cross Sections-Review ________________________________ 8-171
Create Cross Section __________________________________ 8-172
Practice-Create Cross Sections __________________________ 8-174
Vertical Alignments ____________________________ 9-179

What is a Vertical Alignment ___________________________ 9-181
Vertical Alignment Creation ____________________________ 9-182
Adding Vertical PIs __________________________________ 9-183
Practice-Create a New Vertical Alignment _________________ 9-185
Editing the Vertical Alignment __________________________ 9-187
Practice-Edit the Vertical Alignment______________________ 9-189
Define Vertical Curve Set ______________________________ 9-191
Practice-Define Vertical Curves _________________________ 9-192
Vertical Annotation ___________________________________ 9-194
Practice-Annotate the Vertical Alignment__________________ 9-196
Introduction to Roadway Designer _______________ 10-201

The Roadway Designer ________________________________ 10-204
The Roadway Design__________________________________ 10-206
Practice-Create a new Roadway Design ___________________ 10-207
The Roadway Designer Interface_________________________ 10-208
Menu Items _________________________________________ 10-209
The Corridor Menu ___________________________________ 10-210
Tools ______________________________________________ 10-211
What is a Corridor? ___________________________________ 10-212
Corridor Prerequisites _________________________________ 10-213
Corridor Management _________________________________ 10-214
Practice-Create a Corridor ______________________________ 10-215
The Template Library _________________________________ 10-216
Templates___________________________________________ 10-217
Template Drops ______________________________________ 10-218
Practice-Template Drops _______________________________ 10-219
Practice-Review the Roadway Designer ___________________ 10-222
Introduction to Templates ______________________ 11-227

What is a Template Library? ____________________________ 11-229
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vi Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Table of Contents
Template Library Folder Structure _______________________ 11-230

Creating Templates ___________________________________ 11-232
Create Template Command _____________________________ 11-234
Practice-Review a Template ____________________________ 11-237
Create Template-Display _______________________________ 11-238
Short Cut Menus _____________________________________ 11-239
Dynamic Settings _____________________________________ 11-240
Practice-Create a New Template _________________________ 11-241
Practice-Create Template (cont.) _________________________ 11-242
Merging Components__________________________________ 11-244
Practice-Merge Two Components ________________________ 11-245
Observe Your Results _________________________________ 11-246
End Condition Testing _________________________________ 11-247
Roadway Designer and Surfaces _________________ 12-251

Corridor Basics Review ________________________________ 12-253
Observe the Results ___________________________________ 12-254
Practice-Create a New Corridor__________________________ 12-255
Why Create a Surface?_________________________________ 12-256
Creating a Design Surface ______________________________ 12-257
Practice-Create a Design Surface_________________________ 12-258
Cross Sections and Annotation __________________ 13-263

Cross Section Creation - Review _________________________ 13-266
Displaying the Surface_________________________________ 13-267
Create Cross Sections Dialog____________________________ 13-268
Practice-Create Cross Sections __________________________ 13-269
Practice-Continued____________________________________ 13-271
Practice-Update the Cross Sections _______________________ 13-273
Practice-Annotate Cross Sections ________________________ 13-274
Introduction to Volumes ________________________ 14-279

End-Area Volume ____________________________________ 14-281
End-Area Volume Prerequisites _________________________ 14-282
Surface Properties-Type________________________________ 14-283
End-Area Volume Dialog ______________________________ 14-284
Practice-Calculate End-Area-Volumes ____________________ 14-285
Volume Reports ______________________________________ 14-286
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Table of Contents
End-Area Volumes and Triangle Volumes _________________ 14-287

Practice-Calculate Triangle Volumes _____________________ 14-288
Practice-Triangle Volumes Continued_____________________ 14-289
Practice-Triangle Volume by Station______________________ 14-291
Review _____________________________________________ 14-293
Introduction to Reports ________________________ 15-297

What is XML? _______________________________________ 15-299
InRoads XML Report Process ___________________________ 15-300
Quick Reports _______________________________________ 15-301
Practice-Reviewing Horizontal Geometry__________________ 15-302
Practice-Review a Surface ______________________________ 15-304
XML Reports ________________________________________ 15-305
Other XML Reports ___________________________________ 15-306
Practice-Create Geometry Report ________________________ 15-307
Practice-Try Another Format____________________________ 15-309
Saving a Report for Printing ____________________________ 15-310
Saving the XML______________________________________ 15-311
Changing the Format Options ___________________________ 15-312
Station Offset Report __________________________________ 15-313
Volume and Template Reports __________________________ 15-314
Productivity Tools _____________________________ 16-319

InRoads Locks _______________________________________ 16-321
Style Lock __________________________________________ 16-322
Pen/Pencil Lock ______________________________________ 16-323
Snap Lock __________________________________________ 16-324
Station Lock _________________________________________ 16-325
Report Lock _________________________________________ 16-326
Tracking ____________________________________________ 16-327
InRoads 101 12/19/06
viii Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

1 Introduction
Introduction
Welcome to the Bentley Institute InRoads 101 course. This course is an introduction to
InRoads fundamentals. You do not need any prior experience with InRoads to attend,
learn, and benefit from this course.
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Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 11

Introductions
Introductions
You, the instructor, and your fellow students will benefit by getting to know each other
during this class. You might even find it useful to keep in touch with your fellow students
after the class. They can be a great resource as all of you expand your InRoads knowledge.
Student Name Phone Number e-mail Address
InRoads 101 12/19/06
12 Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Course Materials
Course Materials
Your instructor will provide a name card, this student workbook, and a course evaluation.
In addition to the course evaluation distributed by the instructor, you may also provide
feedback directly to the Bentley Institute by e-mailing Bentley.Institute@bentley.com.
Please include the title of this course, InRoads 101, the date and location where you
attended training in your e-mail.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Training Videos
Training Videos
The class is organized into two types of learning activities:

Step-by-Step Exercises
Project Tasks
There are several small step-by-step exercises in each lesson in which the instructor
demonstrates the tools.
At the end of the lesson, a task needs to be accomplished with a given objective. The
individual tasks are part of a project to be carried throughout the entire length of the class,
in which you will get a chance to practice the tools. If assistance is needed, there are
videos available which demonstrate how the task for that part of the project can be
completed. You can view these videos during the project tasks, or at a later time for
continued learning. To access the videos, select Help > Training from the InRoads menu.
The videos are self running executables that do not require any special viewing software
on your computer.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Prerequisites
Prerequisites
To get the most from this course, you should have a basic understanding of CAD drafting
using MicroStation and/or AutoCAD and a general understanding of the engineering
necessary to design a roadway.
This course does not teach CAD drafting or engineering design. InRoads is simply a tool
to facilitate the engineering design process.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Recommended Follow-Up Course
Recommended Follow-Up Course
Bentley Institute is committed to providing a complete, comprehensive curriculum which

enhances your productivity on the job. After completion of this course, the InRoads 201 -
Roadway Designer course is recommended.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Expectations
Expectations
What this Course Provides
This course provides an introduction to InRoads files and resources, a general overview of
the InRoads interfaces such as toolboxes, menu navigation and dialog boxes. A basic
introduction to the InRoads Road Design Workflows is also provided.
What this Course Does Not Provide
This course does not provide a description of every InRoads command, nor does it provide
Intermediate and Advanced InRoads workflows. There are many more commands and
techniques which are not covered in this course. Topics and techniques not discussed are
provided in additional courses.
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Important Information
Important Information
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Course Schedule
Course Schedule
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Style Conventions and Course Exercises
Style Conventions and Course Exercises
Style Conventions
The style conventions used throughout the Course Guide are shown in the following table.
Style Description Example
Times New Dialog Box Items Set the Look In directory to

Roman Italic and File Paths C:\InRoads Training \InRoads
101\
Times New Dialog and Menu Click Apply
Roman Bold Action Items
Arial Keyboard Entered Enter Existing for the surface
Text name
Course Exercises
The exercises for each chapter are independent and can be used without having to
complete the exercises in previous chapters. Most exercises use an InRoads project file
(*.rwk). When students load the project file, all of the other supporting files such as
surfaces, geometry databases, template libraries, etc. are loaded.
The folder structure used during the exercises is as follows:
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\References\
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK\
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\
The files for the step-by-step exercises are located in the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads
101\Practice\Practice Lesson #\ Where # is the lesson number. Each Lesson folder has a
free standing set of course files for that practice lesson.
The course files for the project tasks are located in the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads
101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task#\ where # is the task number. Each Task folder has a
free standing set of course files for that project task.
InRoads 101 12/19/06
1 10 Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

2 A Tour of InRoads
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Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 2 11

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson we will ...

Learn the name of the applications that make up the InRoads family of
products
Learn how to start and exit InRoads
Learn how to navigate and use the InRoads interface
Learn the InRoads file types
InRoads 101 12/19/06

InRoads Family of Products
The InRoads family of civil solutions provide civil engineering tools that facilitate
workflow, and interfaces with both MicroStation and AutoCAD.
InRoads
InRoads provides civil engineering tools for road and corridor design. Examples of the
InRoads design functionality includes: road and site modeling capabilities, alignment
tools, typical sections, superelevation, and volume computation. InRoads includes all of
the functionality delivered in InRoads Site.
InRoads Bridge
InRoads Bridge provides tools to layout simple and complex bridge geometry based on the
existing ground conditions. InRoads Bridge also has interactive tools to create precise 3D
geometric models from which drawings and reports can be created.
InRoads Site
InRoads Site provides site design tools, digital terrain modeling, and coordinate geometry
tools needed to generate contours, profiles, cross sections, and cut-and-fill volumes.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads Storm and Sanitary
InRoads Storm & Sanitary offers 3D modeling, design and analysis, drawing production,
and data management capabilities for storm and sanitary drainage networks.
InRoads Survey
InRoads Survey enables you to transfer data from electronic fieldbooks (EFBs) to the
MicroStation or AutoCAD environment, with interactive data editing capabilities.
Contours can be displayed, surveys adjusted and results visually verified.
Bentley Rail Track
Bentley Rail Track provides an industry-specific set of rail design, maintenance, and
manufacturing tools. Bentley Rail Track also provides tools for geometry, site and track
design, rail manufacturing, reporting, viewing, and annotation. Bentley Rail Track also
includes all the functionality delivered in InRoads.
MicroStation Civil Extension
The MicroStation Civil Extension subset of InRoads tools allows MicroStation users to
access InRoads data and workflows. The MicroStation Civil Extension is available at no
additional cost to MicroStation subscribers.
InRoads Suite
InRoads Suite contains all of the InRoads products listed above, except Bentley Rail
Track. This allows you to access the functionality of all the InRoads products when
working on a project.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

InRoads: An Assortment of Tools
InRoads: An Assortment of Tools
Think of InRoads as a toolbox containing an assortment of tools. Each tool has a specific
use. When the individual tools are combined and used in a specific order, its called a
workflow. Workflows are used to accomplish specific project-oriented tasks. An example
of a workflow is Creating a Horizontal Alignment. Workflows can be used on simple
and complex projects.
In this course, we will learn workflows to accomplish common tasks. We will also learn
about the tools used in these workflows.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

What Can you Accomplish with InRoads?
What Can you Accomplish with InRoads?
InRoads provides the functionality to accomplish a variety of projects that include:

Road and corridor design
Road widening
Road resurfacing
Landfill design
Site design
Residential and commercial land development
Right-of-way and property layout
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Additional Information
Additional Information
All InRoads products have a built-in Help system. Click the Help button on any InRoads
dialog box to access the help system for the active tool. The help system is also available
by selecting Help > Contents from the InRoads menu.
The Bentley SELECTservices KnowledgeBase is an online database containing technical

articles, tips, and problem solutions pertaining to all of the Bentley products, including
InRoads.
The Bentley InRoads discussion group is an online portal for communicating with the
community of InRoads users around the world. Bentley discussion groups are available to
anyone who wishes to learn or share information about Bentley products.
To access the online Support Tools, visit selectservices.bentley.com.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Starting InRoads
Starting InRoads
Starting InRoads
Select Start > Programs > Bentley > InRoads Group XM > InRoads from
the Windows Start menu.
Double-click the InRoads Shortcut created on your desktop.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Starting InRoads
Practice-Starting InRoads
Starting InRoads
1 Double-click the InRoads icon.
The MicroStation Manager appears.
2 An alternate path for launching InRoads is Start > Programs > Bentley >
InRoads Group XM > InRoads.
Open a CAD File

3 Set the directory to
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 02\.
4 Select the file Starting InRoads then click OK.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

CAD Graphics
CAD Graphics
InRoads uses CAD files to display CAD graphics. The CAD file used by InRoads is
referred to as the Working file. This file can be a scratch file or it can be a final plan
sheet file. Most of the graphics displayed in the CAD file by InRoads are recognized by
InRoads commands. You can interact with InRoads graphics using the InRoads tools.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

The InRoads Explorer
The InRoads Explorer is divided into four major parts:
Menu Bar - The Menu Bar contains menus for all of the tools available for the active
InRoads modules. Since the InRoads suite is composed of different modules, the menus
displayed will vary depending on which product and Application Add-ins are active.
Menus are shared across InRoads Suite of Products.
Workspace Bar - The Workspace Bar is the control center for all InRoads Project Data.
Feedback Pane - The Feedback Pane displays details about the data selected in the
Workspace Bar.
Status Bar - The Status Bar is the location on the bottom-left corner of the InRoads
Explorer. It displays InRoads messages, data readout, and errors. If the command being
used requires that something be located or identified in the CAD file, additional command
prompts will display in the MicroStation Status Bar, or AutoCAD command window.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Other InRoads Explorer Items
Scroll Bars - When resizing the InRoads Explorer, some data may not be visible either in
the Workspace Bar of Feedback Pane. Scroll Bars allow you to view this data without
resizing the InRoads Explorer.
Right-click Pop-up Menus - The InRoads Explorer enables access to common functions
by way of right-click Pop-up Menus. These menus display when clicking the right mouse
button.
Dialog Boxes - When a tool is selected using a tool button, or from the InRoads menu, a
command dialog box commonly displays so that more options related to the command can
be specified.
Toolbars - InRoads contains built-in toolbars that can be docked in the InRoads
Explorer. You can also create custom toolbars.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Explore the Interface
Explore the Interface
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InRoads File Types
InRoads File Types
The InRoads road design process uses several different file types. All InRoads data is
stored in external files. The CAD file is used to view a graphical representation of the
design data, but the graphic files do not store the InRoads data. Deleting the CAD
graphics does not affect the InRoads data. For example, if the graphics that represent
existing ground surface contours are deleted, the InRoads existing ground surface file is
not modified.
Surface File (.dtm)
The Surface File stores features that are made up of random points, breakline, and
boundary data. The surface file also contains triangle data. The features and the triangles
together represent existing ground and design surfaces. Multiple surface files may be
open for editing at the same time. Although multiple surfaces can be opened in InRoads,
only one surface can be edited at a given time.
Geometry Project File (.alg)
The Geometry Project File stores geometric data including horizontal and vertical
alignments and COGO points. Multiple geometry project files may be open for editing at
the same time. Although multiple geometry projects can be opened in InRoads, only one
geometry project can be edited at a given time.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

InRoads File Types
Template Library File (.itl)
The Template Library File stores templates and template components. Different
components can be assembled to build templates, which define the typical sections of a
roadway. Only one template library file may be open for editing at a given time.
Roadway Design (.ird)
The Roadway Design stores information defining the parameters of a roadway design.
These roadway design parameters are defined using a tool called the Roadway Designer.
The Roadway Designer is used for corridor management, assigning templates drops,
creating superelevation, reviewing the design, defining template transitioning and creating
design surfaces. Only one roadway design may be open for editing at a given time.
Group Storage Files

Project File (.rwk)
The Project File provides an easy method to open and save a number of InRoads data files
in a single operation. No InRoads data is stored in this file; it is an ASCII file that lists the
InRoads data files to open.
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Resource Files
Resource Files
Resource Files
The InRoads preference file (.xin) controls how data will appear when it is displayed in the
CAD file. Preference sets store data related settings and dialog box settings for later
retrieval. Listed below are a few of the parameters that are stored in preference files.
How a surface will appear when viewed in plan, profile and cross sections.
How geometry, such as alignments and points, will appear when viewed in
plan and profile.
How Profile and Cross Section grid spacing, text labels and axis symbology
will appear.
Parameters and values that have been entered and selected in dialog box
fields, which can be saved for later recall.
Numerous settings are saved to the InRoads .xin file and provide a means by which to
implement project specific and organizational standards.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Resource Files
Preference File (.xin)
The .xin preference file stores the preferences accessible on each dialog box, Style
definitions, and Named Symbology definitions. Styles and Named Symbology definitions
control the display of Surfaces and Geometry elements.
Drafting Notes File (.dft)
The Drafting Notes file stores note definitions created with the various note placement
tools found on the Drafting menu.
Style Sheets File (.xsl)
The Style Sheets file is used to format a raw .xml file to create a finished report.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Open a Preference File
Practice-Open a Preference File
Opening the Preference file
When InRoads starts, a preference file is opened automatically. The preference file
opened is generic and is located C:\Program Files\Bentley\InRoads Group
V8.9\Data\Civil.xin.
Our training specific preference file resides in the training folder:

1 Select File > Open from the InRoads menu.
2 Browse to the path C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\Preferences.
3 Select the file InRoads Training.xin.
4 Click Open, then click Cancel.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Opening InRoads Files
Opening InRoads Files
Opening a Surface
To open a surface, select File > Open. This loads the surface file into virtual memory
and makes it available for modification and evaluation. More than one surface can be
loaded at a time. When you select the Surface Tab located at the bottom of the Workspace
Bar, the name of the surface will be visible in the InRoads Explorer.
Active Surface
The active surface is indicated by the red rectangle around the surface icon. The active
surface is the one that can be viewed or edited. Some InRoads tools only work on the
active surface, while others let you select the active surface in the tool dialog box.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Open a Surface
Practice-Open a Surface
Opening a Surface
1 From the InRoads menu, select File > Open.
2 Browse to the folder
3 Select the file Existing Ground.dtm.
4 Click Open.
The Surface is now loaded into InRoads.
Notice that the dialog box does not close so that additional surfaces can be opened
if necessary.
5 Click Cancel to close the dialog.
6 Click the Surfaces tab at the bottom of the Workspace area (on the left) of the
InRoads Explorer.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Check Your Results
Check Your Results
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Surfaces
Surfaces
A surface is a representation of the physical terrain.
A surface of the existing ground survey is normally the basis for a roadway design. The
existing ground survey is collected topographical data about the project terrain.
The data is then used to create a electronic representation of terrain called a Digital Terrain
Model (DTM), which is abbreviated in the extension of the surface file (.dtm).
The points of the surface model are connected together to form triangles, which provides
elevation data throughout the model.
A surface can also represent the proposed design conditions.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

View Surface Tools
View Surface Tools
The tools in the View Surface menu produce 3D CAD graphics related to the data in the
active surface.
View Perimeter
The View Perimeter tool displays the outermost edge of the triangulated surface as a 3D
closed shape.
View Contours
The View Contours tool displays surface contour lines. Major and minor contour lines are
displayed per the interval specified in the Main tab. Contours are computed by
interpolating the elevations along the edges of each triangle and then connecting like
elevations. Contour elevations can also be labeled.
View Triangles
The View Triangles tool displays the surface triangles. The triangle graphics consist of 3D
closed shapes with their vertices located on the surface points.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

View Surface Tools
View Features
The View Features tools display the features of a surface, which include roadway
centerlines, pavement edges, ditches, etc. For a feature to be displayed, it must be selected
in the list. A feature is an InRoads term for points or linear data in a surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Viewing Surface Data
Practice-Viewing Surface Data
Displaying Surface Contours in the CAD file

1 Select Surface > View Surface > Contours.
2 Click Apply, then click Close.
3 Fit the graphics view.
The contours for the surface are now displayed in the CAD file.
Displaying Surface Triangles in the CAD file

4 Select Surface > View Surface > Triangles.
The triangles for the surface are now displayed in the CAD file.
Remove the Contours and Triangles CAD graphics

6 From the CAD menu, select Edit > Select All.
7 Press the Delete key on your keyboard.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Geometry Project
Geometry Project
Geometry Projects
A geometry project contains geometric data about the points, horizontal alignments, and
vertical alignments needed for a project.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Opening a Geometry Project
To open a geometry project, select File > Open. More than one geometry project can be
loaded at a time. The name of the geometry project is visible in the Workspace Bar of the
InRoads explorer, when you select the Geometry tab located at the bottom of the
Workspace Bar.
Active Geometry
Like surfaces, the active geometry project is indicated by the red rectangle around the
icon. This concept is extended to the horizontal and vertical alignments contained in the
geometry project. You can only have one active horizontal alignment and one active
vertical alignment at a time. With the exception of style, only the active horizontal and
active vertical alignments can be edited. Some InRoads tools only work on the active
alignment, while others let you select the active alignment in the tool dialog box.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Open Geometry
Open a Geometry Project

1 From the InRoads menu, select File > Open.
2 Browse to the path
3 Select Cooper Street.alg.
4 Click Open, then click Cancel.
5 At the bottom left of the InRoads explorer, click the Geometry tab. If the
Geometry tab is not available, right mouse click on the tabs, and select Geometry.
Notice the Cooper Street geometry project appears in the Workspace Bar of the
InRoads Explorer and is now the active geometry project.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Set the Active Horizontal Alignment

6 Click the plus sign next to Cooper Street.
7 Notice the name Cooper St. This is the horizontal alignment that is stored in the
Cooper Street.alg file.
8 Right-click on the horizontal alignment named Cooper St. and select Set Active.
Reporting the Horizontal Alignment

9 Right-click on the alignment named Cooper St. and select Review.
10 A report appears for the alignment. This is called a fixed format report or quick
report.
11 Click Close to dismiss the Review Horizontal Alignment dialog.
Viewing the Horizontal Alignment

12 Right-click on the alignment named Cooper St. again and select View.
13 Fit the CAD graphics view.
14 The horizontal alignment is now shown in the CAD file.
Viewing the Horizontal Alignment Stationing

15 Select Geometry > View Geometry > Stationing.
The alignment stationing is now displayed in the CAD file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Profiles
Profiles
A profile is a series of elevations extracted along a horizontal alignment, which is

normally a horizontal alignment. A profile is a graph of the horizontal alignment
stationing verses the elevations of the surface. The alignment stationing is plotted along
the bottom axis and the surface elevations are along the vertical axis.
A profile is comprised of two parts, the profile window and the profile data. The profile
window consists of the bottom, left, right axis, and grid lines. The profile data consists of
surface lines and surface features. The profile data can also be updated with new surface
data as it is obtained.
Vertical alignments can be displayed on the profile in addition to the surface.
Multiple plots of profile data representing different surfaces can be displayed in a single
profile. Once a profile is created, vertical alignments can then be created and displayed.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Creating a Profile
Create Profile of Existing Ground

1 Select Evaluation > Profile > Create Profile.
In the Surfaces area, ensure the Existing Ground surface is checked on. The
active surface will automatically be checked on. This controls which surface will
display in the profile.
2 Click the Source option on the left.
Ensure the Alignment source is checked on and the horizontal alignment named
Cooper St. is selected. The active horizontal alignment will automatically be
selected.
3 Click Apply.
The Create Profile dialog box collapses.
4 Click in the upper-right corner of the CAD view window, then click Close to
dismiss the Create Profile dialog.
The profile of the existing ground will display.
5 Use the CAD view commands to take a closer view of the profile.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

View Vertical Annotation

6 Select Geometry > View Geometry > Vertical Annotation.
7 Verify that Horizontal Alignment is set to Cooper St. and Vertical Alignment is set
to Cooper St. Vertical.
8 Click Apply, then Close.
A vertical alignment for Cooper St. is added to the profile.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Cross Sections
Cross Sections
A cross section is a 2D graphic display of a planar section cut through one or more 3D
surfaces. Cross sections are extracted along a linear path, such as a horizontal alignment.
They can be extracted at any angle relative to the linear path, but are typically
perpendicular to the path.
The bottom axis shows the offset from the linear path. The vertical axis shows the
elevations of the surfaces.
Like profiles, a cross section is comprised of two parts, the cross section window and the
cross section data. The cross section window consists of the bottom, left, and right axis
lines, and grid lines. The cross section data consists of surface lines and surface features.
The cross section data can also be updated with new surface data as it is obtained.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Viewing Cross Sections
Cross Sections can be viewed using the Cross Section Viewer. To access the Cross
Section Viewer, select Evaluation > Cross Section > Cross Section Viewer.
There are two ways to view cross sections:
Movie Mode
Movie mode automatically displays each cross section in the list one at a time. The speed
and display of the cross sections are controlled by the Zoom Factor and the Time settings.
Click the Run button to start the Movie.
Station List
To view a cross section at a specific station, select that station from the Cross Sections list.
The cross section is fit to your CAD view based on the Zoom Factor.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-View Cross Sections
Evaluate Existing Ground Cross Sections

1 From the CAD menu, select File > Open.
Navigate to the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 02\
folder and select Viewing Cross Sections.
2 Click OK.
3 Select Evaluation > Cross Section > Cross Section Viewer.
4 Set the zoom factor to 1.50.
5 Select a cross section from the list.
The cross section selected is immediately displayed on the screen.
6 Select the first cross section at the top of the station list.
7 In the Movie Mode section, set the Time to 0.3 and click Run.
8 The cross sections display one at a time in the view with a .3 second delay
between each cross section.
9 After all the cross sections are displayed, click Close.
L The ESC key can be used to exit out of movie-mode.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

Creating and Saving Files
Creating New Files
New InRoads files can be created by selecting File > New from the InRoads menu. In the
New dialog box, use the tabs to select the data type to create. Next, type the desired name,
complete the other parameters, and select the Apply button. The data appears in the
Workspace Bar of the InRoads Explorer.
When using the File > New command, the new data is stored in virtual memory (loaded)
in InRoads.
The data creation tools do not store the InRoads data to the computer hard drive; the files
only exist in virtual (or temporary) memory. Unless saved to disk, the new InRoads data
will be lost when InRoads is closed.
Saving Files
When an InRoads data file is created or loaded from disk, it resides in the virtual memory.
Editing this data does not save it to the hard drive. That data is held in memory until a
command is executed to save the data to disk. You must use the Save commands to
periodically save your work. If files are closed or InRoads is exited before saving, a
prompt will appear asking if you wish to save the file before exiting.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads allows you to save surfaces and geometry projects using different aInternal
name than the External name (or Filename). The internal file name is the name given to
a data type when it is created using the File > New command. This is also the name that
appears in the InRoads dialog boxes. The external file name is the name given to the data
type when it is saved on the disk using the File > Save command. The external files have
the extensions .alg and .dtm.
For example, you can create a surface using the File > New command and name it
Existing Ground. When you save that surface using the File > Save > Surface command,
you save it to a file named SR1045_Existing.dtm. When you open the file
SR1045_Existing.dtm, all references to that surface in the InRoads dialog boxes would be
Existing Ground.
L It is highly recommended that you keep the internal and external names the same.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Closing Files
Closing Files
Closing Files
A file can be removed from InRoads virtual memory by selecting File > Close from the
InRoads explorer menu. If the file has been previously saved to disk, the InRoads data is
preserved in the disk file. If the InRoads data has not been saved to disk, the data is lost.
Each InRoads data file can be closed separately or all the InRoads data files can be closed
at one time by selecting File > Close > All.
Exiting InRoads
To exit InRoads, select File > Exit from the InRoads menu. If data that is currently loaded
in InRoads has not been saved to disk, an alert appears allowing the data to be saved.
Click Yes to save only the InRoads data shown in the alert. Click Yes to All to save all
currently loaded InRoads data. If the file has not been previously saved to disk, the Save
As dialog box appears so you may specify the filename and folder.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Closing Files
Practice-Closing Files
Closing InRoads Files

1 Select File > Close > All from the InRoads menu.
An alert box appears.
2 Click Yes to close all the files.
3 Exit InRoads and MicroStation.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Project Task
Project Task
Task Objective
Review existing surface and geometry data using InRoads tools.
Given Data
Working Microstation File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 02\Meadow Park
Preliminary.dgn
Geometry Project
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task02\Meadow Park
Preliminary.alg
Existing Ground Surface

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Existing\Meadow
Park Existing.dtm
InRoads Preference File

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\Preferences\InRoads Training.xin
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Project Task
Requirements
Close and restart MicroStation and InRoads if they are running from a previous
exercise.
Open the CAD file named Meadow Park Preliminary.dgn
Open the InRoads preference file InRoads Training.xin.
Open the surface Meadow Park Existing.dtm.
Open the geometry project Meadow Park Preliminary.alg.
Display existing surface contours at a 5 interval.
Display the horizontal alignment and stationing for the Meadow Park CL in the CAD
file.
Create a profile along the Meadow Park CL alignment. Include the existing ground
and Meadow Park vertical alignment and annotation in the profile.
Answer the following questions
Questions
What are the total number of triangles in the existing ground surface? _____________
What is the starting station of the Meadow Park CL alignment? _______________
Assistance Video
Videos demonstrating how to complete this project are available if you need
assistance.
1 From the InRoads Menu, select Help > Training.
2 Select InRoads 101 for the Learning Module.
3 Select the Task 02-A Tour of InRoads folder.
4 Double-click on the video to view.
Time Allowed
20 minutes
Cleanup
When finished, exit MicroStation and InRoads. Since no changes were made to any of
the InRoads files, there should be no data to save. The graphics in the CAD file are
automatically saved.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

3 Project Setup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Create a CAD file to be used for InRoads graphics
Learn about Project Defaults
Learn about Project Files
InRoads 101 12/19/06

The Big Picture
The Big Picture
InRoads does not force the user into a linear workflow. It is a powerful tool that can be
used to do a wide variety of complex tasks, such as a cloverleaf interchange design, site
design or staking reports. Since workflows can vary widely depending on the scope of the
project, it is difficult to describe the InRoads worflow. It is however, reasonable to say that
most projects follow the general workflow as shown here.
Project Setup
Setup of the CAD files is usually the starting point of a project. Concurrently, a field
survey also takes place to gather existing information. The information that the surveyor
typically supplies can come in many formats, including raw data, graphics or ASCII text.
InRoads is flexible enough to handle a variety of formats. The surface is then evaluated by
designer using a variety of method, such as cross sections, profiles, and contour display.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Big Picture
Create Geometries
Once the surface is deemed acceptable, the designer begins creating geometry. InRoads
provides a wide variety of tools for geometry creation that can be used in any worflow.
There are many different ways to create geometry and the steps involved may vary
depending on the project scope. However, geometry creation typically involves creating
horizontal geometry, creating existing ground profiles and cross sections, and creating
vertical geometries.
Design Roadway Corridor
Once the geometries are complete, the designer will typically create new templates or use
existing standard templates. These templates are then used to design a corridor model and
generate a proposed surface.
Evaluate Results
Once a corridor is designed and processed, the designer can use a variety of tools to
evaluate and edit the results of the design. Reports can be created for important data such
as geometry, cross sections, and volumes. In addition, more specialized reports such as
grade books, survey stake-out, slope stake, and legal description reports can be created.
InRoads reports can be traditional hardcopy reports or electronic data such as automated
machine control grading.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-File Creation
Starting InRoadsXM
Create a MicroStation File

3 Set the directory to
4 Select File > New in the MicroStation manager.
L Note: If your MicroStation preference is set to Use Windows Open dialog the
MicroStation Manager will appear differently and will affect the steps shown
below in creating a new file. This option can be changed by going to Workspace
> Preferences > Look and Feel in the MicroStation menu.
5 In the New dialog box, click the Select button.
6 In the Select Seed File dialog box, browse to and select the file C:\InRoads
Training\InRoads 101\Standards\Seed Files\InRoads_Training_Seed.dgn.
7 Click OK.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

8 The Select Seed File dialog disappears and the selected seed file is shown at the
bottom of the New dialog.
9 On the New dialog box, enter Practice Create Working File.dgn in the Files:
field.
10 Click OK.
11 In the MicroStation Manager, the file Practice Create Working File.dgn is
automatically selected.
12 Click OK to start MicroStation and InRoads.
Verify MicroStation Working Units

13 Select Settings > Design File from the MicroStation menu.
14 In the DGN File Settings dialog box, select Working Units.
15 The Master Units will be set to US Survey Feet in a properly setup file.
16 Close the DGN File Settings dialog box.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Check Your Results
Check Your Results
It is important that you note the two different lengths of a foot in the United States, and
MicroStation V8 must be setup correctly or you may not be drawing what you think you
are drawing.
Internally MicroStation stores everything as a meter. Actually the meter is the official base
unit of measure throughout the world. Even though feet and inches are the dominant units
of measure in the United States, they are legally defined based on the meter.
MicroStation uses the working unit definition to convert coordinates and distances to and
from meters. Therefore, when the working units are set to feet and inches, MicroStation
still stores the coordinates in meters and converts to feet and inches to display coordinates,
distances, measurements, dimensions, etc.
Because MicroStation V8 converts all values from feet (or any other unit) to meters to
store the data, it is critical that you understand the conversion process and the desired foot
measurement. If not, your data may not be correct.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Check Your Results
There is a difference between a foot and a Survey foot. The following definition is taken
from the 1991 edition of ASTM publication E380-89a (Standard Practice for Use of
International System of Units).
The U. S. Metric Law of 1866 gave the relationship, 1 metre equals 39.37 inches.
Since 1893 the U.S. yard has been derived from the metre. In 1959 a refinement was
made in the definition of the yard to bring the U.S. yard and the yard used in other
countries into agreement. The U.S. yard was changed from 3600/3937 m to 0.9144 m
exactly. The new length is shorter by exactly two parts in a million.
At the same time it was decided that any data in feet derived from and published as a
result of geodetic surveys within the U.S. would remain with the old standard (1 ft =
1200/3937 m) until further decision. This foot is named the U.S. survey foot.
Therefore the following definitions are in existence today:

1 foot = .3048000 m
1 survey foot = 1200/3937 m .3048006 m
The foot used by MicroStation in the standard unit list is based on the foot definition, not
the survey foot definition. This is the correct definition for most work outside of the civil
engineering and surveying disciplines. If, however, the data is based on geodetic survey
measurements, using the standard unit definition in MicroStation may yield incorrect
results. Most survey monumentation in the US is based on the survey foot. However, it is
important to check with your surveyor or local authorities because some data is based on
the foot definition.
How much difference really exists between a foot and a survey foot? It depends on what
you are measuring. As you can see below, large numbers such as engineers typically work
with when using State Plane Coordinates can have significant error if the wrong foot
definition is used.
Short distances < 1000 feet
US Survey Foot = International Foot (measured 1/100 of a foot)
At 100,000 feet
Definitions result in a difference of about .2 feet
At 1,000,000 feet (Approximate size of many State Plane Coordinates)
Definitions result in a difference of about 2 feet
At 10,000,000 feet
Definitions result in a difference of about 20 feet
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Project Defaults
Project Defaults
Project defaults define the default location for opening and saving InRoads data files
related to a project, as well as the project preference files that are loaded when InRoads is
activated. The project defaults are stored locally in the Windows registry.
To set up the project defaults, select the File > Project Defaults command. The Set
Project Defaults dialog box is divided into two primary sections: Default Preferences and
Default Directory Paths. Default preferences identify InRoads preference files that are
loaded when a project default configuration is selected. Default directory paths identify
folder locations where InRoads files are located. This section does not identify specific
files, instead it lists folders where these types of files are located. The specific files to be
loaded for a project are identified using a project file (.rwk).
Multiple configurations of project defaults can be created and saved under different
names. The path for all file types can be set to the same location or separate paths can be
set for each file types. When a new configuration is created, or modifications are made to
an existing one, click the Apply button. This action writes the information to the registry.
To activate a different configuration, select it and click Close.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Set Up Project Defaults
Loading the Preference File
When InRoads starts, a preference file is required. If a project default is not set or if the
file listed in the Project Default dialog is no longer located in the directory specified,
InRoads will load the file C:\Program Files\Bentley\InRoads Group V8.9\Data\Civil.xin.
This is the generic InRoads preference file.
Our training specific preference file resides in the Standards folder.

3 Select the file InRoads Training.xin and click Open.
4 Click Cancel to dismiss the dialog.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Set up Project Defaults
The InRoads Project Defaults define where InRoads looks for different file types.
Multiple Project Default Configurations can be created allowing an easy method to work
on multiple projects. By selecting the Project Default Configuration, InRoads looks to the
folders for the respective project and loads the project preference files automatically.
1 From the InRoads menu, select File > Project Defaults.
The Project Defaults dialog appears.
2 Click New.
3 Enter InRoads 101 in the New Configuration dialog box and click OK.
The set Project Default dialog box updates with the new configuration name
active.
4 Click in the Preferences (*.xin) field and click the Browse button.
5 Browse to and select
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\Preferences\InRoads Training.xin.
6 Click Open.
7 Click in the Projects (*.rwk) field and click the Browse.
8 Browse to the folder C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\ and click Open.
9 Repeat this procedure to complete the following fields:
Surfaces (*.dtm) C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\
Geometry Project (*.alg) C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\
Template Libraries (*.itl) C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\
Roadway Design (*.ird) C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\
10 Click Apply then Close.
InRoads will use the configuration until it is changed. The specified preference files will
automatically be loaded when InRoads is activated and the folder locations will be the
defaults when using the File > Open and File > Save commands.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Project File
The Project File
The project file (.rwk) is used to open and save multiple InRoads data files in a single
operation. Using a project file is very helpful because an entire project can be loaded or
saved in a single operation. Without the use of project files, loading or saving a project
involves keeping track of many individual files.
Before a project file is created, the individual InRoads data file (Surfaces, Geometry
Projects, Template Library, etc.) must be opened or created, and saved to the disk. The
project file is a list of the individual InRoads data files to load and save. The project file
itself does not contain any InRoads data. It is an ASCII file that points to the location of
the InRoads files.
To create an InRoads project file, select File > Save As from the InRoads menu. This will
bring up the Save As dialog. On the Save As dialog, select the Options button. This brings
up the Project Options dialog. The Project Options dialog box is used to select which
InRoads data files to add to the project.
The available InRoads data types are separated by tabs. All currently loaded InRoads data
files are listed when a tab is selected. To include an InRoads data file in the project file,
enable the Add and/or the Update box next to the desired InRoads data file. The Add
option indicates that the project file will open the file. The Update option indicates that
the project file will save the file.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

The Project File
To open a existing project (*.rwk) , select the File > Open command and select Project as
the Files of type. Browse and select the project file (.rwk) and click OK. This will open
all InRoads files listed in the project file.
To save all data files in a project file, select the File > Save > Project command. This will
save the actual InRoads data files when the Update option is enabled.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Create a Project File
Referencing a Survey Data Basemap
A graphic drawing or basemap of the survey area is commonly provided for the designer
to use a backdrop during the design process.
Using MicroStation, the basemap will be Referenced File to the working file. By
referencing the basemap, all of the information in the basemap is visible; however, it
cannot accidentally be modified.
Attaching a Reference File

1 From the MicroStation menu, select File > Reference.
2 On the References dialog, select Tools > Attach.
3 Browse to the folder C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\References\.
4 Select the File Practice_Existing.dgn.
5 Set the Attachment Method to Coincident World.
6 Click OK to attach the reference.
7 Close the Reference dialog.
8 Fit the MicroStation view to see the attached reference.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Creating a Project File

9 Start by opening the data files. Select File > Open.
10 Navigate to the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 03\
folder.
11 Select the Existing Ground.dtm and click Open.
folder.
13 Select Cooper Street.alg and click Open, then Cancel.
The data files are now loaded, so we are ready to create the project file.
14 Select File > Save As and click the Options button.
15 The Project Options dialog will open to the Surfaces tab.
16 Enable the Add and Update options on the Existing Ground Surface Name.
17 Select the Geometry Project tab.
18 Enable the Add and Update options on the Cooper Street Geometry Name and
click OK.
19 Navigate to the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK folder.
20 Type the file name Practice Lesson 03.rwk and click Save, then click Cancel.
In the project file you just created, the preference file was enabled. The preference file is
automatically opened based on the previously created project defaults. The preference can
also be opened using the project file, if no project defaults are created.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Meadow Park Drive Extension-Project Scope
The project tasks in this course work through the design of Meadow Park Drive Extension Project
from Cooper Street to Brown Way. Known information about the project site, as well as the
alignment and typical sections to be used are shown in the illustration on the following pages. The
extension of Meadow Park Drive is needed due to the rapid growth in the area.
L The task exercises are prepared using standard civil engineering practices but do not reflect nor
comply with any known State or local design standard. The intent of the training material is
exclusively to create an optimal learning opportunity for those who have never before worked
with InRoads software or for those who may not have worked with InRoads for a long period
of time.
The starting point for most road design or site design projects is the establishment and verification
of existing conditions. The information is used to create a digital terrain model (DTM) which is
also known as a surface. In InRoads, there are many ways a surface can be created. In addition to
receiving a surface from a surveyor, other methods can be used such as importing Digital Elevation
Model data (available for the USGS), and importing 3D graphics to create a surface. The geometry
for the existing Meadow Park Drive will be created using the as-built centerline. The extension will
then be laid out and end at a known coordinate that intersects with Brown Way. Once the geometry
is established, the extension will be modeled using a standard typical section. A new typical section
InRoads 101 12/19/06

is created and used to model the extension. To finish, a proposed surface will be created, along with
cross sections, volumes and reports.
The first typical section to be used in the Meadow Park Drive Extension Project is an Urban Two
Lane typical. The roadway has a 2-inch asphalt layer and a 6-inch aggregate base. It has two 12 foot
lanes and 8 foot shoulders. At the end of the pavement section will be concrete curb and gutters.
The side slopes on this section has a 16.67% slope in either cut or fill. If the existing ground cannot
be intersected using that slope from the top back of the curb by 12 feet, then a 50% slope is used.
The difference between the first typical section and the second is that the second typical section
places ditches at the toe of fill or just after the curb in a cut condition.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Meadow Park Drive-Project Task
Task Objective
Prepare the working file and the project file for the Meadow Park Drive Extension
Project.
Given Data
Basemap
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\References\Meadow Park Existing.dgn
Project Seed File

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\Seed Files\InRoads_Training_Seed.dgn.
Preference File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\InRoads Training.xin
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Requirements
exercise.
Create a new MicroStation design file named Meadow Park Working.dgn in the
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 03\ folder using
the project Seed file.
Attach the basemap as a reference to this file
Create a project file named Meadow Park Task 03.rwk and add the Preference (*.xin)
file to the Project File (*.rwk).
Save the project file to the following folder C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK\.
Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 03-Project Setup folder.
Time Allowed
20 Minutes
Cleanup
Exit InRoads and MicroStation when finished.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

4 Introduction to Surfaces
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about surfaces and the types of data that defines a surface
Display surface contours, features and triangles
Learn about the surface properties
Starting InRoads
Open a CAD File

3 Set the directory to C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson
04\.
4 Select the File View Surface then click OK.

5 Select the Preferences tab in the InRoads Explorer.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Lesson Objectives
6 Verify that the preference file C:\InRoads Training\InRoads

101\Standards\Preferences\InRoads_Training.xin is loaded.
7 The preference file should be automatically loaded from the project defaults
previously setup. If the file is loaded, skip to the next page (Surfaces).
If the file is not loaded, complete the following steps.
9 Change the Files of type to Preferences (*.xin).
11 Select the file InRoads_Training.xin and click Open.
12 Click Close to dismiss the dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Surfaces
Surfaces
A surface is an representation of the physical terrain. Surface points are connected

together to form surface triangles. This process is known as Triangulation.
The terms surface and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) can be used interchangeably. Both
terms refer to a triangulated model representing a physical terrain such as the existing
ground or proposed design.
Current versions of InRoads software typically use the term surface instead of digital
terrain model or DTM. However, many other software applications refer to their models
as digital terrain models.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Surface Triangulation
Surface Triangulation
To have known elevations throughout the surface, the surface must be triangulated. You
can triangulate a surface by selecting Surface > Triangulate Surface.
This command forms triangles from the surface points by activating the triangulation
algorithm. This algorithm, based on Delaunay's criteria, creates small, triangular planes
that define the terrain surface.
Since the x,y,z coordinates of each triangle's vertices are known, the elevation of any point
on the resulting triangular plane can be computed through interpolation.
The Maximum Length option is used to limit the length of triangles. Changing the
maximum segment length automatically removes unwanted long triangles, which span
across areas where the terrain data is unknown. Any triangle with a side longer than the
maximum segment length will not be created in the DTM. A maximum length of zero
allows a triangle of any length to be created.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Surface Features
Surface Features
InRoads uses the term feature to refer to the points and lines that are contained in a
surface. The features within the surface define how each point is displayed and how it
influences the triangulation of the surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Feature Types
Feature Types
A feature is made of one or more points. The feature type affects how the triangles are
formed which connect the points together.
Random
Random features, also called spot points, represent non-uniformly spaced points that have
no direct relationship to other points. Random features are commonly found when the
surveyed area consists of an open field or grassy area, since there are no identifiable
terrain features.
Breakline
Breakline features represent a linear discontinuity in a surface such as a ridge, ditch, edge
of pavement, centerline, or curb. The breakline feature type specifies that all points in the
feature are connected as a linear segment. When the surface is triangulated, the triangles
are formed so that no triangle leg crosses any breakline features. This maintains the
integrity of the slope between breakline feature points during triangulation, resulting in a
more accurate surface.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Feature Types
Contour
Contour features are linear features that come from contour data, which is commonly
available from mapping agencies. Contour features are triangulated in the same way as
breakline features. Surfaces created from contour data are normally not as accurate as
surfaces created from Breakline and Random features.
Interior
Interior features are closed shaped linear features that represent a void or hole in the
surface. Examples include building footprints, lakes, and obscure areas. No triangles are
formed inside the interior features. You can have unlimited interior features in a single
surface.
Exterior
Exterior features are closed shaped linear features that form a boundary around the
surface. No triangle will be formed outside the exterior feature. An exterior feature is
commonly used to prevent triangles from being formed in areas where the survey data is
not known. It is also used to maintain cut and fill lines on a proposed design. You can
only have one exterior feature in a single surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Using Breakline Features
Using Breakline Features
To produce an accurate surface, it is typically necessary to supplement the random features

with strings or shapes of points collected along linear breaks in the ground. For example,
an existing ground surface will likely contain line strings along all major breaks in the
terrain, such as edges of roadway, edges of waterways, and so on.
Since breakline features hold the linear relationship between points, breaklines more
accurately model the linear features in a surface. You will learn how to optimize a surface
with breakline features in the next chapter.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Exterior Features
Exterior Features
Exterior features (also called exterior boundaries) are closed shaped linear features that
form a boundary around the surface. No triangle is formed outside the exterior feature.
An exterior feature is commonly used to prevent triangles from being formed in areas
where the survey data is not known. It is also used to maintain cut and fill lines on a
proposed design. You can only have one exterior feature in a single surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Interior Features
Interior Features
formed inside the interior features. You can have unlimited interior features in a single
surface.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Preferences
Preferences
A preference is a group of settings for InRoads commands. These settings can be saved
and then retrieved at a later time. For example, for the View Contours command, settings
that display the contours at 5 intervals are saved to a preference set called existing
surface. Other settings which display the contours at 10 Intervals are saved to a
preference set called Finished Surface. To retrieve those settings before running the
command, click the Preferences button, select the preference set name, then click Load.
Once the preference is loaded, it remains loaded for that session. A user-defined default
preference (or Preferred Preference ) is loaded when the dialog is first opened. You can
set the default preference by selecting Tools > Options in the InRoads menu and setting
the Preferred Preference Name on the General tab.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-View Surface Contours
Practice-View Surface Contours

2 Open the surface Hemfield Existing.dtm from the
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Existing folder.
4 Select the Preferences button.
5 Select Existing Surface preference set name and click Load.
6 Close the Preferences dialog.
7 Click Apply.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Surface Properties
Surface Properties
Immediately after loading a surface, it is a good idea to review the surfaces properties.
This is a quick check to verify the surface.
You can access the surface properties by right-clicking on the name of the surface in the
Workspace Bar of the InRoads Explorer. Another way to access the Surface Properties
command is select Surface > Surface Properties.
You can only review the properties of one surface at a time. You can also change the name
of the surface here by keying in the new name and clicking the Apply button.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Surface Review
Practice-Surface Review
Review the surface properties

1 Select Surface > Surface Properties.
The Surface Properties dialog box appears.
2 Ensure the surface Hemfield Existing is shown in the surface field.
3 Review the Minimum and Maximum coordinate in the lower left corner of the
dialog box.
4 Click the Report button, and review the results.
5 Select Save As.
6 Enter Hemfield Existing.txt for the name and save the file to the
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 04\ folder.
7 Exit InRoads and MicroStation to prepare for the project task.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Task Objective
Display the existing ground contours and preliminary design surface features using
InRoads tools.
Given Data
Working MicroStation File
Working.dgn

Park Existing.dtm
Design Surface
Proposed.dtm
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Requirements
exercise.
Open the working CAD file.
Open the existing ground surface.
Open the finished design surface.
Display the contours of the existing ground surface using the Existing Surface
preference.
Display the features of the proposed design surface.
Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 04-Introduction to Surfaces folder.
Time Allowed
15 Minutes
Cleanup
When finished, exit MicroStation and InRoads.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

5 Surface Creation
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about surface creation
Learn how to import surface data
Learn about Intelligent Features
Getting Started
1 Start InRoads and Open the file Import DEM.dgn in the C:\InRoads
Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 05\ folder.

2 Select the preferences tab in the InRoads Explorer.
101\Standards\Preferences\InRoads_Training.xin is loaded.
previously set up. If the file is loaded, skip to the next topic (What Is a Surface?).
5 If the file is not loaded, complete the following steps.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Lesson Objectives
8 Select the file InRoads_Training.xin and click Open.

12/19/06 InRoads 101

What is a Surface?
What is a Surface?
A surface is a representation of the physical terrain. Surface points are connected together
to form surface triangles, which is known as triangulation.
The terms surface and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) can be used interchangeably. Both
terms refer to a triangulated model representing a physical terrain such as the existing
ground or proposed design.
Current versions of InRoads software typically use the term surface instead of digital
terrain model or DTM. However, many other software applications refer to their models
as digital terrain models.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Collecting Surface Data
Collecting Surface Data
Field surveys, aerial photography, and contour maps are all sources for collecting surface
data. Generally, the most accurate data comes from field surveys.
While all methods for collecting surface data are valid, the design project type dictates the
accuracy and level of detail required.
Later in this chapter, you will learn how to optimize surface models with breakline
features.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Loading Surface Data
The following are ways to bring surface data into InRoads:
InRoads Survey
The easiest method to import surface data into InRoads is to use the InRoads Survey
application. Using InRoads Survey, the raw data from the survey data collector is
imported and processed. A surface can be created directly from the processed data.
Import Surface From Graphics
The Import Surface From Graphics command allows you to create surfaces from 3D CAD
graphics. Importing surface data from graphics is a widely used method to bring surface
data into InRoads.
Text Import Wizard
The Text Import Wizard allows you import surface data in a variety of ASCII formats.
The Text Import Wizard is flexible because you can describe the format of files you are
importing.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

DEM Import
This command loads Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data into a surface. DEM data offers
a way to create surface models where detailed survey accuracy is not required.
LandXML
Land XML is a specialized XML data file format containing civil engineering and survey
data commonly used in the land development and transportation industries.
Land XML file format provides the following capabilities:

Transferring engineering design data between producers and consumers
Providing a data format suitable for long-term data archival
Providing a standard format for electronic design submission
In this chapter, you will create a surface from a DEM file, import graphic data to generate
a surface, and display a surface that was generated from the InRoads Survey application.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

DEM Surface
DEM Surface
A DEM model is a representation of the Earths topography in digital format, using

coordinates and numerical descriptions of altitude.
DEM data is useful for site location and preliminary engineering and can come from
various sources. The collection method of DEM data can vary widely. DEM data is
available from the United States Geological Survey, which has collected digital terrain
model data for most of the continental United States. The majority of this data has been
collected in a grid pattern, with a grid cell size of 30 by 30 meters.
Because of the limited accuracy of DEM data, surfaces created from DEM data should be
used for preliminary analysis only.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Import DEM Surface
Create a new Surface

1 Select File > New from the InRoads menu.
2 In the New dialog box, click the Surface tab.
3 Set Type to Existing.
4 Type Hemfield DEM for the surface name and DEM Surface for the description.
Notice that the surface appears in the InRoads Explorer.
Import DEM Data

6 Select File > Import > Surface from the InRoads menu.
7 Click the DEM tab.
8 For the feature name type E_TOPO_Random.
9 For the feature style, select E_TOPO_Random.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

10 Click in the entry field under file name, then click the Browse button to the right.
11 Select the file Hemfield Prelim_Exist.dem from the
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Existing\ folder.
12 Click Open, then click Apply.
13 Click Close.
Review Surface
14 Select Surface > Surface Properties from the InRoads menu and review the
surface.
15 Display surface contours.
17 Click the Preferences button.
18 Select Existing Surface preference set and click Load.
19 Close the Preferences dialog.
20 Change the interval to 10.
21 Disable the major labels.
23 Fit the MicroStation view so that all the contours for the surface are visible.
Save the Surface

24 Select File > Save > Surface.
25 Browse to the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 05\
folder.
26 Type Hemfield in the File Name field.
27 Click Save, then click Cancel.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Import Surface Graphics
Import Surface Graphics
The Import Surface From Graphics command allows you to create surfaces from 3D
CAD graphics. Importing surface data from graphics is a widely used method to bring
surface data into InRoads. You can import the graphics from levels or by selected
graphics.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Import Graphics
Create a New Surface

1 Open the File Import Graphics.dgn located in theC:\InRoads Training\InRoads
101\Practice\Practice Lesson 05\ folder.
2 Select File > New from the InRoads menu.
3 In the New dialog box, click the Surface tab.
4 Set Surface Type to Existing.
5 Enter Practice Import for the surface name.
6 In the description field, type Surface from Graphics.
Notice that the surface appears in the InRoads Explorer, also notice that it
becomes the active surface.
Import Surface Point Graphics

8 Select File > Import > Surface.
9 Click the From Graphics tab.
10 Select Practice Import for the surface.
11 In the Load From list, select Level.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

12 Select E_Topo_Random for the level.

This will load all elements on level E_Topo_Random into the surface.
13 In the Elevations list, select Use Element Elevations.
This will use the elevations from the graphics that are selected.
14 Type E_Topo_Random for the seed name.
15 For Feature Style, select E_TOPO_Random.
16 For Point Type, select Random.
Triangulate the Surface

18 Select Surface > Triangulate Surface.
Display the Surface Contours

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Check Your Results
Check Your Results
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Import Linear Features
Import Surface Linear Graphics

1 Click File > Import > Surface.
2 Select Practice Import as the surface.
3 In the Load From list, select Level.
4 Select E_Topo_Breakline for the level.
5 For Seed Name, type E_TOPO_Breakline.
6 For Feature Style, select E_TOPO_Breakline.
7 Set the Point Type to Breakline.
8 Click Apply.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Import Building Shapes

9 Select E_Topo_Foundation for the level.
10 For Seed Name, type E_Topo_Foundation.
11 For Feature Style, select E_TOPO_Foundation.
12 Set Point Type to Interior.
13 Click Apply.

Display the Surface Contours

Save the Surface

18 Select File > Save > Surface.
19 Change the Files of type to Surfaces (*.dtm).
20 Browse to the folder
Remove the Surface Contours

22 From the MicroStation menu, select Edit > Select All.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Check Your Results
Check Your Results
12/19/06 InRoads 101

What is a Feature?-Review
What is a Feature?-Review
InRoads uses the term feature to refer to the points and lines that are contained in a
surface. The features within the surface define how each point is displayed and how it
influences the triangulation of the surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Types of Features-Review
A feature is made of one or more points. The feature type affects how the triangles are
formed which connect the points together.
Random
Random features, also called spot points, represent non-uniformly spaced points that have
no direct relationship to other points. Random features are commonly found when the
surveyed area consists of an open field or grassy area, since there are no identifiable
terrain features.
Breakline
Breakline features represent a linear discontinuity in a surface such as a ridge, ditch, edge
of pavement, centerline, or curb. The breakline feature type specifies that all points in the
feature are connected as a linear segment. When the surface is triangulated, the triangles
are formed so that no triangle leg crosses any breakline features. This maintains the
integrity of the slope between breakline feature points during triangulation, resulting in a
more accurate surface.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Contour
Contour features are linear features that come from contour data, which is commonly
available from mapping agencies. Contour features are triangulated in the same way as
breakline features. Surfaces created from contour data are normally not as accurate as
surfaces created from breakline and random features.
Interior
formed inside the Interior features. You can have unlimited interior features in a single
surface.
Exterior
Exterior features are closed shaped linear features that form a boundary around the
surface. No triangle is formed outside the exterior feature. An exterior feature is
commonly used to prevent triangles from being formed in areas where the survey data is
not known. It is also used to maintain cut and fill lines on a proposed design. You can
only have one exterior feature in a single surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Feature Properties
Feature Properties
Feature Properties
The Feature Properties tool is used to view and edit the properties of features stored in
the surface file.
A list of individual features stored in the surface are displayed in the dialog box.
Remember, all coordinate points used for a surface must be stored as a feature.
Feature Name
Every feature in a surface has a name. Each feature name in a surface must be unique. For
example, in a surface there might be four edge of pavement features, but they cannot all
have the name EOP. Therefore, the feaure names could be called EOP1, EOP2, EOP3, and
EOP4.
A feature style describes how and where a feature will display. Each feature has an
associated feature style. For example, all four edge of pavement features could have a
feature style named Exist_EOP. In this case, all four edges of pavement would look the
same although their names are different because they are using the same feature style.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Feature Properties
Triangulation
One of the properties of a feature is the feature type. The feature type can be Random,
Breakline, Contour, Interior or Exterior.
Another triangulation property is whether the feature is included in the triangulated model.
Enabling the Exclude from Triangulation option tells InRoads not to include the selected
feature when building a triangulated model. A common use for this is underground or
overhead utilities. The utility still exists in the surface, but it does not affect the
triangulation of the surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Further Surface Improvement
Further Surface Improvement
The Point Density Interval parameter increases the number of points on linear features
through interpolation. This option is useful when the distance between linear feature
points is large or non-uniform.
A value of zero causes the model to be generated using only the original coordinate points
stored in the surface and no densification occurs. If a value greater than zero is used, this
options measures the distance between consecutive points on a linear feature and if the
point density interval value is less than that distance, a point is added at the midpoint.
This process is repeated until the consecutive distance between the points is less than the
point density interval value.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Point Density Interval-Set to Zero
Point Density Interval-Set to Zero
Consider the model in the above illustration. The survey data is collected throughout a
ramp area using both random and linear features. The survey crew collected linear shots
along the edges of roadway and lane lines at a relatively constant interval. While this
interval is sufficiently dense to represent the surface elevation changes, it may not be
dense enough to produce a desired surface.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Point Density Interval-Set to 10
Point Density Interval-Set to 10
It is impractical and inefficient to have the survey crew collect points at a more closely
spaced interval along the linear features. A better solution is to use the InRoads Point
Density Interval option to increase the point density along the desired linear features.
The above illustration shows the results when the linear features along the roadway
surface are triangulated with a point density interval of 10.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Change the Point Density Interval
Display the Surface Triangles

1 From the MicroStation menu, select Windows > Views > 2.
3 Load the Existing Surface preference.
4 Click Apply.
Adjust the Point Density Interval

5 With the Practice Import surface still active, select Surface > Feature >Feature
Properties.
6 Use the CTRL key to select E_Topo_Breakline3100 and E_Topo_Breakline3151.
7 Change the point density interval to 5.
8 Click Apply, the click Close.
InRoads 101 12/19/06


10 Click Apply, click Close.
Display the Triangles

What do you observe?
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Intelligent Surface
The Intelligent Surface
The InRoads surface is an intelligent, feature based, surface model. Surfaces not only
stores the coordinate data, but it also stores the structure and appearance within each
feature.
Since every feature in a surface has properties, each feature is evaluated and displayed
using appropriate symbology. For example, when the surface features are displayed, a
water line will look different from an edge of pavement or a curb line.
How does one create an intelligent surface? The most efficient way to create an intelligent
DTM is to use InRoads Survey. When InRoads Survey is used to create a surface, each
feature has its own structure and appearance definition.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-View Intelligent Features
Remove the Surface Triangle Graphics

1 Select Edit > Select All from the MicroStation menu.
3 Close View 2.
View Surface Features Imported From Graphics

First, lets view the features of a non-intelligent surface. This surface was created
earlier using the Import Surface From Graphics command.
4 From the MicroStation menu, select File > Reference.
5 Turn off the display of the reference file.
6 Select Surface > View Surface > Features.
7 Click Apply, the click Close.
The features are displayed in the CAD file.
Notice there is very little graphical distinction between each feature and it is
difficult to tell what the features represent.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Remove Surface Features Graphics

8 Select Edit > Select All from the MicroStation menu.
10 The features for the surface Practice Import are removed from the CAD file.
Open an InRoads Survey Surface

11 Lets open a surface that was created using InRoads Survey.
12 Select File > Open.
13 Open the file Existing Survey.dtm located in the
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Existing\ folder.
View Intelligent Surface Features

14 Select Surface > View Surface > Features.
15 Select Existing Survey from the surface list.
16 Make sure all the features are selected in the list.
18 When finished, exit MicroStation and InRoads to prepare for the next lesson.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Check Your Results
Check Your Results
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Task Objective
Add the surface created from InRoads Survey to your project file.
Given Data
Working File
Working.dgn
Preference File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Standards\InRoads Training.xin
Existing Surface
Park Existing.dtm
Project File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK\Meadow Park Task05.rwk
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Requirements
exercise.
Open the MicroStation working file named Meadow Park Working.dgn
Open the existing surface named Meadow Park Existing.dtm.
Use the Save As options to add the Meadow Park Existing Surface to
Meadow Park Task 05.rwk. If prompted to overwrite the file, click YES.
Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 05-Surface Creation folder.
Time Allowed
20 minutes
Cleanup
When finished, exit InRoads and MicroStation
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

6 Introduction to Geometry
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Where are we in the Big Picture?
At this point in the project we have done the following:

Set up the CAD file
Set up project defaults
Analyzed the existing data
Now, we are ready to create geometries which will involve the following tasks:
Create horizontal geometry
Create existing ground profiles and cross sections
Create vertical geometry
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about geometry projects
Learn how to display geometry
Create horizontal alignments from graphics
Starting Clean
1 Close MicroStation and InRoads from a previous exercise.
Starting MicroStation and InRoads

2 Double-click on the InRoads icon or select Start > Programs > Bentley >
3 Open the file C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson
06\Import Alignment Graphic.dgn.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives

4 Select the Preferences tab in the InRoads Explorer.
101\Standards\Preferences\InRoads Training.xin is loaded.
previously setup. If the file is loaded, skip to the next topic (What is a Geometry
File?).
7 If the file is not loaded, complete the following steps.
10 Select the file InRoads Training.xin and click Open.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

What is a Geometry File?
What is a Geometry File?
The geometry project contains geometry elements, which include coordinate geometry
points, horizontal alignments, and vertical alignments. The file extension for the
Geometry Project is .alg.
In addition to the geometry elements, the geometry project also stores stationing
information for the alignments including the starting station, station equations, as well as
important points along the alignment known as Event Points.
Event Points are a method to locate important locations along an alignment. These points
are either based on a station and offset or on fixed coordinates. The station and offset
method allows the point to move as the alignment definition is changed. Fixed coordinate
event points do not move when the alignment is changed.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Geometry Project Structure
Geometry Project Structure
A geometry project is similar in concept to a database. It stores and organizes point

information. There may be several geometry projects opened in InRoads, but only one can
receive input at a time. This is called the active geometry project.
A geometry project is organized into hierarchal categories starting with the COGO point
buffer and horizontal alignments. Only one alignment can be manipulated within a
geometry project at a time. This is called the active alignment.
Vertical Alignments, and Horizontal Alignment Event Points, are stored as children of
the horizontal alignments. Vertical event points are children to vertical alignments.
As shown in the diagram above, multiple horizontal alignments can exist in a geometry
project. Each horizontal alignment can have multiple child vertical alignments. Each
horizontal alignment must have a unique name. Geometry names are case sensitive.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Opening InRoads Files-Review
Opening InRoads Files-Review
Opening a Geometry Project - Review
To open a geometry project, select File > Open. More than one geometry project can be
loaded at a time. When you select the Geometry tab located in the bottom of the
Workspace Bar, the name of the geometry project is visible in the InRoads Explorer.
Active Geometry - Review
Like surfaces, the active geometry project is indicated by a red rectangle around the icon.
This concept is extended to the horizontal and vertical alignments contained in the
geometry project. You can only have one active horizontal alignment and one active
vertical alignment at a time. Although you can view more than one alignment at a time, the
active horizontal and vertical alignments are the only ones that can be edited. Some
InRoads tools only work on the active alignment, while others allow you select the active
alignment in the tool dialog box.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

What is a Horizontal Alignment?
What is a Horizontal Alignment?
Horizontal Alignments
A horizontal alignment is a series of linear elements and circular elements. Together, the
elements form an alignment. A horizontal alignment is used to define things such as a
road centerline, a right of way line, and property boundaries. Horizontal alignments are
stored in the geometry project.
It is important to remember that a horizontal alignment is a child of the geometry

project. Each geometry project can have one or many horizontal alignments. The names
each horizontal alignment within a geometry project must be unique.
Stationing is stored with the alignment. When a horizontal alignment is created, stationing
is automatically assigned. The stationing starts at 0+00, but it can be changed to any
starting station. We will see how stationing is defined for an alignment later in this
chapter.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Types of Geometry
Types of Geometry
Geometry project names and alignment names are created using the File > New command.
To create geometry names, select the Geometry tab. This command allocates memory for
a new geometry project or alignment. You must create a geometry project, followed by
creating a horizontal alignment before you can create geometry data.
The first option on the dialog box defines the type of geometry name being created. The
options include a Geometry Project, Horizontal Alignment, and Vertical Aignment.
Remember there is a parent-child relationship between Geometry Projects, Horizontal

Alignments, and Vertical Alignments. When a horizontal alignment name is created, it
becomes a child of the active geometry project. Likewise, a new vertical alignment name
becomes a child of the active horizontal alignment.
Entering a description for the geometry project name or alignment is recommended.

Although a description might not look important at this point, it is probably best to provide
a detailed description when using InRoads in a production environment. It will help you
identify which file to use as you might have several files loaded at one time.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Types of Geometry
When creating horizontal and vertical alignment names, the Style and Curve Definition
dialog box fields are activated. The style defines how the geometry will appear when
displayed in the CAD file. The curve definition defines how the horizontal or vertical
curves are defined mathematically.
There are many ways to create and edit a horizontal alignment. We will cover two of the
most commonly used methods in this course. In this lesson, we will create a horizontal
alignment from a graphic element in the CAD file. In a later lesson, we learn to create and
edit horizontal alignments using horizontal PIs and curves.
Geometry is created from graphic elements using the File > Import > Geometry
command.
The types of geometry that can be created by importing geometry from graphics include:
Horizontal Alignment
Vertical Alignment
Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
COGO Points
Event Points
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Type of Graphics that can be Imported
Type of Graphics that can be Imported
The types of graphic elements that can be imported are:

Lines
Linestrings
Arcs
Curve strings (stroked using chord height tolerance)
Shapes
Complex linestrings
Complex shapes made from elements in this list
B-Splines (stroked using chord height tolerance)
Note that the list above is for horizontal and vertical alignments and does not include the
graphic element types that can be imported for COGO points and event points.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Things to be Aware of
Things to be Aware of
If possible, it is best to connect together the alignment graphics into a single element, such
as a complex chain, before importing. This ensures that all the lines and curves get
imported into a single horizontal alignment and that the elements are continuous. InRoads
can import separate graphic elements and combine them into a single alignment; however,
creating a complex chain accomplishes the same results.
If you are importing an alignment containing non-tangential circular arcs and the
alignment was created from graphics, you may encounter restrictions if you try to edit the
alignment.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Import Alignment from Graphics
Create a New Geometry Project

1 Select File > New.
2 Click the Geometry tab.
3 Key-in Hemfield for the geometry project name.
4 For the description key-in Hemfield Road.
5 Click Apply.
A new geometry project is created.
Import Horizontal Alignment From Graphics

Now that a Geometry Project has been created, the new horizontal alignment will
be created in this geometry project. The graphic element being importing is a
complex chain.
6 Select File > Import > Geometry.
7 Select the From Graphics tab.
8 Set the Type to Horizontal Alignment.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

9 Key-in Hemfield Rd for the name and Hemfield Road Existing Alignment for
the description.
10 Select P_COGO_MainCL for the style.
11 Click Apply.
12 Select the red line in the graphics file.
13 You can select anywhere on the graphic, the resulting alignment will be the same.
InRoads reads the graphic in the direction it was originally drawn.
14 Click the left mouse button on the CAD view to accept the highlighted graphic,
15 Click the right mouse button to exit the graphic selection mode.
The new alignment is created.
16 Close the Import Geometry dialog box.
17 Select Geometry > Review Horizontal.
18 Notice that the starting station is 0+00.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Stationing
The first time you create a horizontal alignment, the beginning station is 0+00. You can
assign a different beginning station using the stationing tool (Geometry > Horizontal
Curve Set > Stationing). This stationing command defines the starting station and station
equations.
Review Horizontal Alignment
It is helpful to review your design geometrically. A quick way to review the alignment is
to right-click on the horizontal alignment in the InRoads Explorer and select Review. This
command displays detailed information about the horizontal alignment. This report about
the horizontal alignment can be printed, saved or displayed in the CAD file.
Save Geometry Project
InRoads doesnt automatically save additions or modifications to the geometry project.

Any changes are stored in virtual memory and are not written to the hard disk until the File
> Save > Geometry Project command is used.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Define Stationing
Define the Beginning Station

1 Select Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Stationing.
2 Select Hemfield Rd from Horizontal Alignment.
3 By default, the active horizontal alignment is selected.
4 Key-in 10+00 for the starting station.
The station is assigned at the beginning of the alignment unless a different
location is specified using a Northing and Easting location.
Review Horizontal Alignment

1 Select Geometry > Review Horizontal (or right-click on the horizontal
alignment in the InRoads Explorer window and select Review).
The alignment report appears.
2 Set the Mode to Element.
Notice that the first graphic element is highlighted in the CAD view and the report
is limited to that single element.
3 Click Next to step through each element in the alignment.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

4 Save the geometry.

5 Select File > Save > Geometry Project
folder
7 Key-in the file name as Hemfield.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Horizontal Alignment Annotation
View Stationing
Horizontal alignment stationing is displayed in the CAD file using the Geometry > View
Geometry > Stationing tool. This tool controls the display of station annotation text
along the active horizontal alignment. Stations are placed along a horizontal alignment at
a specified interval.
The Geometry > View Geometry > Horizontal Annotation command is used to
annotate a horizontal alignment with curve and tangent data. This command is also used
to view and annotate COGO points.
Active Geometry/Horizontal Alignment
If there are several geometry projects, only one can be worked on at a time. This is called
the active geometry project. In the InRoads Explorer, the active geometry project, and
the horizontal and vertical alignments are shown with a red box surrounding the icons.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-View Horizontal Annotation
Set the Active Alignment

1 Locate the Hemfield Road horizontal alignment in the InRoads Explorer.
2 Right-click on the alignment name and select Set Active.
3 Delete all graphics in the CAD file.

4 Select Geometry > View Geometry > Horizontal Annotation.
5 Click the target button to the right of the Horizontal Alignment Include field.
6 Click the left mouse button in the CAD file.
The nearest alignment is found and highlighted.
7 Click again in the CAD View to accept the highlighted alignment.
8 The alignment named Hemfield Rd is added to the horizontal alignment list.
10 The alignment tangents and curves are annotated based on the style associated
with the alignment.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

View Stationing
11 Select Geometry > View Geometry > Stationing.
12 The View Stationing dialog box appears.
13 The active alignment (Hemfield Rd) appears in the Horizontal Alignment field.
14 If the correct alignment was not already active, it can be selected from the pick
list.
16 The stationing is displayed in the CAD drawing.
17 Exit MicroStation and InRoads.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Task Objective
Import from graphics and annotate the existing alignment for Meadow Park Drive.
Given Data
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 06 \Meadow
Park Working.dgn
Project File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK\Meadow Park Task 06.rwk
The project file will load the correct preference and existing ground surface file. The
files are listed below but do not need to be loaded individually if you load the .rwk
project file.

12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads Existing Ground Surface

Park Existing.dtm
Requirements
exercise.
Load the working CAD file.
Load the InRoads project file (.rwk).
Create a new geometry project named Meadow Park.
Import the red complex chainin the centerline of the road as a horizontal alignment
named Meadow Park Drive. Use P_COGO_MainCL as the style.
The beginning station of Meadow Park Drive is 15+51.15.
Display the horizontal alignment, stationing, and annotation.
When finished, save the new geometry project to
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 06\Meadow
Park.alg.
Add the new Meadow Park.alg to the project file Meadow Park Task 06.rwk. Be sure
to add and update the .alg.
When asked if you wish to overwrite the existing file, click Yes.
Questions
What is the ending station of your alignment? _____________
What is the PI Station of the curve? _______________
What is the curve Radius? ________________
Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 06-Introduction to Geometry folder.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Time Allowed
25 minutes
Cleanup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

7 Horizontal Alignments
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn how to define horizontal points of intersection (PIs) with precision input
Learn how to edit horizontal alignments
Learn how to create horizontal curves
Starting Clean
1 Close MicroStation and InRoads if they are still running from a previous exercise.

3 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 07\Add PIs.dgn.
4 Open the MicroStation key-in window (Utilities > Key-in).
Load InRoads Project File for the practice lesson

5 Open the project file (.rwk)
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK\Practice Lesson 07.rwk.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Horizontal Curve Set
The Horizontal Curve Set tools are used to place and edit PI and curves that define a
horizontal alignment. You start by creating an alignment using the Add PI command.
This builds the tangent sections. Then, you must move, insert, or delete points to edit the
points that were placed with the Add PI command. Finally, use the Define Curves
command to create and edit the curves.
There are four tools for creating and manipulating PIs:
Add PI - creates a new PI in the active alignment. If the alignment already contains one
or more PIs, the Add PI tool will add a new PI at the beginning or the end of the active
alignment.
When you invoke this tool, you will be prompted to identify the end of the alignment. If
your existing alignment is empty, the first data point will become the beginning of your
alignment. Otherwise, the first data point identifies the nearest end of the active
alignment. Make sure you have the correct active horizontal alignment.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Insert PI - creates a new PI between two existing PIs in the active horizontal alignment.
Move PI - repositions a PI and its associated curve set, if one exists.
Delete PI - removes a PI and its associated curve set, if one exists.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Productivity Tips
Productivity Tips
Precision Input
To place PIs using precision input, select the Utilities > Key-in from the MicroStation
menus. There are no spaces used in the precision input format.
The format of the key-ins are shown below:

ne=northing,easting,elevation
The elevation parameter is optional
di=distance,direction
The format of the direction as a bearing is N45^3630.7E or decimal
N45.52E
so=station,offset,elevation,alignment name,geometry project name
The elevation, alignment name, and project name are parameters options; however, they
must be included in the specified order. Therefore, if you wish to include the alignment
name, the elevation must also be included. Alignment names are case sensitive.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Productivity Tips
Status Bar
It is highly recommended to read both the CADs and InRoads Status Bar when using any
InRoads command. InRoads does walk you through each command; however, you must
read the prompts on the InRoads and/or CAD status bars.
Fit Alignment
If you cant see the alignment in the CAD view after displaying it with an InRoads tool,
you can use the Geometry > Fit Alignment tool to fit the active alignment into the view.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create Alignment with Precision
Add Horizontal PIs

6 Select Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Add PI.
7 When prompted to identify the end of the alignment, data point near the lower end
of the red line in the CAD file.
8 Move the cursor.
9 You should see a line stretching from the end of the alignment.
The next points will be entered using precision input key-ins.
10 In the CAD Key-in dialog, key-in ne=120126.674,1089335.314.
11 Press the Tab key on your keyboard.
12 The PI is placed.
13 Next, well place another PI by using the di key-in.
14 In the CAD entry field, key-in di=1145.0,s78^2624e.
L Shift 6 will enter the ^ symbol.

15 Hit the Tab key.
The next two PIs will be added by graphically selecting the points.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

16 Snap to and accept a data point at the south end of the purple centerline. This
point is northeast of the last point placed.
17 Data point any place else east of the alignment to place the last point.
18 Right-click to reset the command.
19 Right-click again to terminate the Add PI command.
L If necessary, you can use the CAD view control tools in the middle of using the Place
PI command. When you are done with the view manipulation, right-click and InRoads
will bring you back to the last step prior to your view manipulation.
Insert Horizontal PI
The Insert PI tool is used to add a new PI to an existing tangent line. Remember, the Add
PI tool can only be used to add a PI on the end of an existing alignment.
20 Select Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Insert PI.
21 Graphically select the last segment of the alignment.
The segment becomes dynamic showing the possible locations of the new PI.
22 Click to locate the point just north of the existing segment.
Precision key-ins could have been used to locate the inserted PI.
23 Click again to accept the overall solution.
Move Horizontal PI
24 Select Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Move PI.
25 Graphically select the last PI in the alignment.
26 Move the PI to a new location (the exact location is not important).
27 Click to locate the PI.
Precision key-ins could also have been used to locate the PI.
28 Click again to accept the overall solution.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Delete Horizontal PI
29 Select Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Delete PI
30 Graphically select the next to the last PI in the alignment.
31 Click to accept the overall solution.
32 Select File > Save Geometry Project.
Remember, InRoads does not automatically save the geometry project changes to the hard
disk; they are only stored in virtual memory at this time. It is always a good idea to save
the geometry, or any other InRoads data, after making changes.
Another way to save InRoads data is to right-click on the data type in the InRoads
Explorer and select Save. In this case, highlight the Hemfield geometry project in the
InRoads Explorer, right-click and select Save.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Horizontal Curves
Horizontal Curves
Horizontal Curves
The Define Horizontal Curve Set tool defines new curve sets and modifies existing curve
sets in the active horizontal alignment. The accepted solution is displayed in the CAD
drawing file. There are numerous options on this dialog box; however, a few basic options
will get you started.
Horizontal PI Area
The text fields in the Horizontal PI group box describe the position of the current PI
relative to the previous and next PIs. Changing values on this dialog will redefine the
location of the PI. The Defined By option determines how PI locations are determined.
For example, assume that Define By is set to Directions from Previous and Next PIs, and
that you have modified the values of Direction Back and Direction Ahead. When you
click Apply, the PI is repositioned based on the intersection of those directions projected
from the previous PI to the next PI.
Horizontal Curve Area
This is the most important area on the dialog box. These settings define the curve or curve
set that is created at the current PI. A curve set can be a simple single curve up to a
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Horizontal Curves
complex spiral-curve-spiral-curve-spiral curve combination or anything in between. To

omit a curve or spiral definition in the curve set, leave its length or radius value set to zero.
A degree of curvature can be entered in the radius field by proceeding the value with the
letter d. For example, entering d1 is the same as a radius of 5729.578.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Define Horizontal Curves
Now that we have extended our alignment, the appropriate next step is to define curves for
those PIs that have been placed.
Define Horizontal Curve

1 Select Geometry > Horizontal Curve Set > Define Curve.
2 Click Next until you locate the first PI with no curve.
3 Watch the Radius field to determine if each PI has a curve assigned. The active
curve and/or tangent segments are highlighted in the CAD drawing.
4 If you know exactly which PI you want to edit, the Select button can be used to
graphically select the PI.
5 Key-in 100 for the length of the leading transition clothoid spiral.
6 Key-in 1200 for Radius 1.
7 Key-in 100 for the length of the trailing transition clothoid spiral.
8 Click Apply.
The curve solution is displayed in the CAD file. Did you see the curve?
9 Follow the prompts.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Correct the Curve

10 Change the Radius 1 to 500.
11 Click Apply.
What does the prompt say?
12 Click Undo on the Define Horizontal Curve Set dialog box.
13 You can only undo the last curve you define. What happens?
14 Change the Radius 1 to 700.
15 Click Apply, then click Next.
Be sure to click next so the correct curve will be modified.
16 Key in 2000 for Radius 1.
Review and Annotate the Alignment

22 Right-click on the horizontal alignment (in the InRoads Explorer Window) and
select Review.
23 Annotate the horizontal alignment with the Geometry > View Geometry >
Horizontal Annotation tool.
Save Geometry
24 Select File > Save > Geometry Project.
25 Exit MicroStation and InRoads to prepare for the project task.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Task Objective
Extend the existing Meadow Park Drive horizontal alignment to connect to a known
coordinate.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
InRoads 101 12/19/06

The project file will load the correct preferences, and geometry files. The individual files
are listed below but do not need to be loaded individually if you load the project file.
Preference File
Geometry Project
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 07\Meadow
Park.alg
Existing Surface
Park Existing.dtm
Requirements
exercise.
Load the InRoads project file (.rwk).
The existing Meadow Park Drive alignment currently ends at
N149236.796,E1088363.612.
Extend the existing Meadow Park Drive alignment to the east approximately 1500
feet to the existing cul-d-sac. (Hint: You will need to use the Move PI command to
extend the alignment along the same bearing.)
The eastern most point on the alignment where it ties into Brown Way just south of the
cul-de-sac is N149198.65,E1089850.38.
This portion of the alignment must have a minimum of 3 curves; however, you are
free to create them however you choose.
The complete alignment should be displayed, stationed, and annotated in the CAD
file.
Once complete, save the geometry project.
Questions
What is the shortest radius on your alignment? _________
What is the station at the cul-d-sac? _________
How long is the tangent immediately before the final PI at the cul-d-sac? _________
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 07-Horizontal Alignments folder.
Time Allowed
30 minutes
Cleanup
InRoads 101 12/19/06

8 Profiles and Cross Sections
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn how to create profiles
Learn how to create cross sections
Create profiles and cross sections
Close MicroStation and InRoads if they are still running from a previous exercise.

2 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 08\Profile and
Sections.dgn.
Load InRoads Project Files

3 Open the project file (.rwk)
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Profile Review
Profile Review
A profile is a series of elevations extracted along a baseline, which is normally a

horizontal alignment. A profile is a graph of the horizontal alignment stationing verses the
elevations of the surface. The alignment stationing is plotted along the bottom axis and
the surface elevations are along the vertical axis.
A profile is comprised of two parts, the profile window and the profile data. The profile
window consists of the bottom, left and right axis, and grid lines. The profile data consists
of surface lines and surface features. The profile data can also be updated with new
surface data as it is obtained.
Vertical alignments can be displayed on the profile in addition to the surface.
Multiple plots of profile data representing different surfaces can be displayed in a single
profile. Once a profile is created, vertical alignments can then be created and displayed.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Create Profile
Create Profile
The Create Profile tool will extract elevation data from one or more surfaces and display
it along a linear path. The Create Profile tool has setting that define how the profile will
appear. However, when working in a production environment very few of these settings
will need to be altered.
The Create Profile dialog box is organized with a tree and leaf interface. Below is a brief
description of the setting that you may need to alter.
General Leaf
Exaggeration - specifies the vertical to horizontal exaggeration for displayed profiles.

Typically, the horizontal exaggeration should be left at 1.0 and the vertical adjusted for the
desired exaggeration.
Surfaces allows you to select which surfaces to display in the profile. All surfaces
currently loaded in InRoads are listed. You can select as many surfaces to be displayed in
the profile if desired.
Source Leaf
Alignment - specifies the name of the alignment the profile follows.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create Existing Ground Profile
View The Horizontal Alignment

1 Locate the alignment Hemfield Road in the InRoads Explorer.
2 Right-click on Hemfield Road and select View.
View Surface
3 Select Surface > View Surface > Perimeter.
4 Set the Surface to Hemfield Existing.
5 Click Apply.
The perimeter of the existing ground surface is displayed.
Create Profile
6 Select Evaluation > Profile > Create Profile.
7 Select the General leaf.
8 Set the vertical exaggeration to 10.
9 In the Surfaces section, enable Hemfield Existing.
10 Select the Source leaf.
11 Enable Alignment and select Hemfield Road.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

12 Click Apply and follow the prompt.

13 Identify a location in the CAD drawing where the lower-left corner of the profile
is located (make sure you allow enough room for the whole profile window so it
doesnt overlap with other graphic elements).
The profile grid and existing ground surface display.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Cross Sections-Review
Cross Sections-Review
A cross section is a 2D graphic display of a planar section cut through one or more 3D
surfaces. Cross Sections are extracted along a linear path, such as a horizontal alignment.
They can be extracted at any angle relative to the linear path, but are typically
perpendicular to the path.
The bottom axis shows the offset from the linear path. The vertical axis shows the
elevations of the surfaces.
Like profiles, a cross section is comprised of two parts, the cross section window and the
cross section data. The cross section window consists of the bottom, left and right axis
lines, and grid lines. The cross section data consists of surface lines and surface features.
The cross section data can also be updated with new surface data as it is obtained.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Create Cross Section
The Create Cross Section tool will extract elevation data from one or more surfaces and
display it along a linear path perpendicular, or at a specified angle, from an alignment or
other path.
The Create Cross Section tool has settings that define how the cross sections will appear.
However, when working in a production environment very few of these settings will need
to be altered. The Create Cross Section dialog box is organized with a tree and leaf
interface. Below is a brief description of those setting that you may need to alter.
General Leaf
Interval - specifies the spacing between consecutive cross sections.
Left Offset - defines the left end of the range over which to extract cross sections. A
negative value is to the left of the alignment. Left and right offsets are determined based
on increasing stations.
Right Offset - defines the right end of the range over which to extract cross sections. A
positive value is to the right of the alignment, based on increasing stations.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Vertical Exaggeration - specifies the vertical exaggeration for displaying cross sections.
Values greater than 1.0 for this parameter increase the exaggeration.
Surfaces allows you to select which surfaces to display in the cross section. All surfaces
currently loaded in InRoads are listed. You can enable multiple surfaces to be displayed in
the cross section if desired.
Source Leaf
Alignment - specifies the name of the alignment the profile follows.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Create Cross Sections

1 Select Evaluation > Cross Section > Create Cross Section.
3 Key-in 50 for Interval.
4 Key in -50 for Left Offset.
5 Key in 50 for the Right Offset.
6 Set the vertical exaggeration to 5.
7 Enable the Hemfield Existing surface in the Surfaces section.
8 All other surfaces should be disabled.
9 Select the Source leaf.
10 Enable Alignment and select Hemfield Road.
11 Click Apply and follow the prompts.
12 Identify a location in the CAD drawing for the lower-left corner of the cross
sections (make sure you allow enough room for the whole cross section set so it
doesnt overlap with other graphic elements). The cross sections display.
13 Click Close.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Task Objective
Create an existing ground profile and cross sections along Meadow Park Drive alignment.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Task 08\Meadow Park Task 08.rwk
The project file will load the correct preferences, geometry, and existing ground surface
file. The individual files are listed below but do not need to be loaded individually if you
load the project file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Preference File
Geometry Project
Park.alg

Park Existing.dtm
Requirements
exercise.
Load the project file (.rwk).
Create an existing ground profile along the entire length of the Meadow Park Drive
alignment. Choose an appropriate vertical exaggeration for the terrain. Place the
profile to the right of the existing basemap.
Create a set of existing ground cross sections along the entire length of the Meadow
Park Drive alignment. Choose an appropriate vertical exaggeration and width for the
cross sections.
The cross sections should be created every 50 feet. Place the cross sections above the
profile.
BONUS - Create a single set of cross sections that are 100 feet wide (50 left and 50
right) between station 15+51.15 and 26+00 and 250 feet wide (100 left and 150 right)
between station 26+00 and the end of the alignment.
Questions
What vertical exaggeration did you set for the profile? ______
What new setting on the Create Cross Section dialog box was required to complete the
Bonus requirement? ____________________________________
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 08-Profiles and Cross Sections folder.
Time Allowed
25 minutes
Cleanup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

9 Vertical Alignments
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about vertical alignments
Create vertical alignments using precision input
Edit vertical points of intersection (PIs) and define vertical curves
Annotation a vertical alignment
Starting Clean

3 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 09\Vertical PIs.dgn.
Load the InRoads Project File

4 Open the InRoads project file (.rwk)
InRoads 101 12/19/06

What is a Vertical Alignment
What is a Vertical Alignment
A vertical alignment is a series of linear, circular or parabolic geometry elements.

Connected together, the elements form a vertical alignment. The vertical alignment
follows the path defined by a horizontal alignment.
Because of its dependence on the horizontal alignment, a vertical alignment is a child of

the horizontal alignment in the geometry project structure. Each horizontal alignment can
have multiple vertical alignments. A horizontal alignment must exist before a vertical
alignment can be defined.
The name of all vertical alignments under the same horizontal alignment must have unique
names. However, two vertical alignments under different horizontal alignments can have
the same name.
To interactively create a vertical alignment, a profile window based on the parent

horizontal alignment must be defined.
Vertical alignment names are created with the File > New command. In the New dialog
box, click on the Geometry tab. In Type, select Vertical Alignment. Make sure that you
have the correct active horizontal alignment because the vertical alignment is created as a
child of the active horizontal alignment.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Vertical Alignment Creation
Vertical Alignment Creation
Vertical Alignments
Just like horizontal alignments, vertical alignments can be created from graphics or from
Vertical Curve Set tools. A profile must be created to use the vertical curve set tools.
Precision Input Key-Ins
Two additional precision key-ins are useful for vertical alignments. Like the horizontal
precision input key-ins, there are no spaces allowed in the format.
se=station,elevation
dg=distance,grade
The format for the grade is a percentage. For example, the grade can be 4% or 0.04.
When looking up station, a negative grade is downhill and a positive grade is uphill.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Adding Vertical PIs
Adding Vertical PIs
Vertical Curve Set Tools
The Vertical Curve Set tools are used to add and modify vertical alignment PIs and
curves. These tools work very similar to their horizontal alignment counterparts.
Add Vertical PI
The Add Vertical PI tool is used to add a new PI in an empty vertical alignment, or to the
beginning or end of an existing vertical alignment. This tool has three optional
parameters. When the tool is started, a dialog box appears where these parameters can be
enabled if desired. Using the Station, Elevation, and Grade options on the dialog box, you
can dynamically control the position of the cursor while using this command. The vertical
PI position is incremented by the values you provide. If none of the options are selected,
the station, elevation, and grade (g1 and g2) values are determined by the vertical PI
position.
Station - when selected, the station is incremented. The data point value is rounded (up or
down, to the nearest value) such that its station is evenly divisible by the specified value.
For example, a raw station value of 16+17.82 rounds to 16+00 with a station interval of
50. If the check box is not selected or if the interval is zero, the station is not incremented.
This option also works with station equations.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Adding Vertical PIs
Elevation - when selected, the elevation is incremented. The data point value is rounded
(up or down, to the nearest value) such that its elevation is evenly divisible by the
specified value. For example, a raw elevation of 1078.278 rounds to 1080 with an
elevation interval of 10. If the check box is not selected or if the interval is zero, the
elevation is not incremented.
Grade - when selected, the grade is incremented. The data point value is rounded (up or
down, to the nearest value) such that its grade is evenly divisible by the specified value. If
the check box is not selected or if the interval is zero, the grade is not incremented.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create a New Vertical Alignment
Now that we have created our profile, the next step would be to design the vertical
alignment. Like a horizontal alignment, one way to create a vertical alignment is to create
a vertical alignment from graphics.
Create a New Vertical Alignment
Before you create a new vertical alignment, make sure that you have the correct active
horizontal alignment.
1 Select the Geometry button in the InRoads Explorer window.
2 Right-click on Hemfield Road and select Set Active.
3 Select File > New.
4 Select the Geometry tab.
5 Set the Type to Vertical Alignment.
6 For the name, key-in Hemfield Vert.
7 For the description, key-in Practice Vertical Alignment.
8 For the style, select P_Cogo_PropVertical.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Add Vertical PIs

10 Make sure you have a profile and that it is visible. If not, create one and zoom in
to the left-half (or third) of the profile.
11 Select Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Add PI.
12 Click Apply on the Add Vertical PI dialog.
You are prompted to identify first point. You will use a precision key-in for the
next two points.
13 In the CAD Key-in, key-in se=2345.78,208.0.
Station 23+45.78 and Elevation 208.0.
14 Press the Tab key.
15 Key-in dg=600.0,-0.03.
Distance of 600 ft and downhill grade of 3%.
16 Press the Tab key.
17 If necessary, zoom out to see the graphics.
For the remaining PVIs, we will graphically pick them.
18 Place a left mouse click near the top of the profile around Station 46+50.
19 It doesnt have to be exact, but follow the existing ground.
20 If necessary, you can use CAD View tools in the middle of InRoads command.
When you are done with the view manipulation, right-click and InRoads will
bring you back to the last step prior to your view command.
21 Place another data point at the end of our profile around Station 70+68.
22 Place another data point just to the right of the last point but still inside the profile
window.
23 Right-click twice to reset out of the command.
24 Close the Add Vertical PI dialog box.
You just created a vertical alignment with 5 PVIs.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Editing the Vertical Alignment
Insert PI
The Insert PI tool places a vertical point of intersection between two existing PVIs on the
active vertical alignment.
Select the existing vertical alignment at the point where you want the inserted PI to be
located. You are then prompted to accept or reject this element. Accept the element, and
the alignment is dynamically attached to the cursor. You can then define the location of
the new PI, either graphically or by precision key-in. After you define the location of the
inserted PI, you must accept or reject the overall solution. Depending on the
specifications, the warning message Solution Overlap may display.
Before you can use this command, you must have an active geometry project, active
horizontal alignment, and active vertical alignment. You must first place a profile window
in the CAD file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Move PI
The Move PI tool repositions points of intersection on the active vertical alignment. Any
curves at the moved vertical PI are recomputed and updated.
When you click Apply, you are prompted to identify an element of the active vertical
alignment. Select the PVI on the vertical alignment you want to move. You are prompted
to accept or reject this point. When you accept the point, it is dynamically attached to your
cursor. Specify a location for the moved element either graphically or by precision key-in.
You are prompted to accept or reject the overall solution. Depending on the specifications,
the warning message Solution Overlaps may be displayed.
Delete PI
The Delete PI tool removes points of intersection and the associated vertical curves from
the active vertical alignment.
When you click Apply, you are prompted to identify an element of the active vertical
alignment. Select the PVI on the vertical alignment you want to delete. The selected PVI
and any elements affected by the deletion change to the proposed solution. You are then
prompted to accept or reject the overall solution. When you accept the solution, the
vertical PI is deleted from the active vertical alignment. Any tangents or curves connected
to the vertical PI are also deleted. If the deleted PVI had two tangents connected to it, then
the PVIs on the opposite ends of those tangents are connected with a new tangent. If
curves exist at the neighboring vertical PIs, they are recomputed using the point of
intersection and the constraints you selected on the dialog box.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Edit the Vertical Alignment
Insert Vertical PI
1 Lets place a PVI at Station 63+00.
2 Select Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Insert PI.
3 Click Apply on the Insert Vertical PI dialog.
4 Graphically select the alignment near Station 63+00.
5 Graphically locate the new PI around Station 63+00 and near the existing ground.
7 Insert another PVI at Station 50+00.
8 Graphically select the alignment at around Station 50+00.
9 Graphically locate the new PI around Station 50+00 and near the existing ground.
11 Right-click to terminate the command.
12 Close the Insert Vertical PI dialog box.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Move Vertical PI
Lets move the last PVI we inserted.

13 Select Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Move PI.
14 Click Apply on the Move Vertical PI dialog.
15 Identify the PI that you just inserted at Station 50+00.
16 Graphically locate the PI around Station 52+00 and near the existing ground.
19 Close the Move Vertical PI dialog.
Delete Vertical PI
20 Lets delete the last PVI of the alignment (around Station 71+00).
21 Pan to the end of the profile.
22 Select Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Delete PI.
23 Click Apply on the Delete Vertical PI dialog.
24 Graphically select the last PI of the alignment (around Station 71+00).
27 Close the Delete Vertical PI dialog.
You just edited your vertical alignment by using the Insert Vertical PI, Move
Vertical PI and Delete Vertical PI tools. It is a good practice to save the
geometry project after you make any changes.
28 Select File > Save > Geometry Project.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Define Vertical Curve Set
The Define Vertical Curve Set tool defines new curve sets and modifies existing curve
sets in the active vertical alignment. The accepted solution is displayed in the CAD file.
By default, the first time you invoke this tool, the curve information shown is that of the
first curve of the alignment.
Before you use this command, you must have an active geometry project, active horizontal
alignment, and active vertical alignment. You must also have a profile window displayed
in the CAD file.
Curves can be defined by several methods, but the two most common are by Length of
Curve and Pass-through.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Define Vertical Curves
Now that we have created our PVIs, the next step is to define vertical curves.
Define Vertical Curve

1 Select Geometry > Vertical Curve Set > Define Curve.
2 Key-in 200 for Length of Curve.
3 Click Apply.
Did you see the curve in the profile?
4 Click Next.
6 Click Apply
What if you meant to key-in 400 instead of 800? And what if the PVI is supposed
to be at Station 46+00?
7 Click Undo.
Undo is only good for the last curve definition you applied.
8 Key-in 4600 for Station.
InRoads 101 12/19/06


10 Click Apply.
You just moved the PVI to Station 46+00 (elevation unchanged) and placed a 400
vertical curve at that location.
11 Click Next.
13 Click Apply.
If you were to key-in a length of 1000 here, the curve would not change because
the length would be too big. The prompt would say Solution overlaps or contains
discontinuities.
14 Click Next.
16 The Next button is grayed out. This is because there are no more curves to define.
If the Previous button is grayed out, it means you are at the first curve of the
alignment.
17 Navigate back to the curve at around Station 52+00 using the Previous button.
18 If the station is not at a full station, change it to 52+00. If it is, change it to 52+05.
19 Click Apply.
You just edited the curve. You could go back and edit the curve anytime using this
tool.
20 Fit the profile window you are working on in the view window to visually review
your vertical alignment.
You just finished defining your vertical alignment.
21 You will now save, review, display and annotate the alignment.
22 Select File > Save Geometry Project or right-click on the geometry project in the
InRoads Explorer Window and select Save.
Review Vertical Alignment

23 Right-click on the vertical alignment (in the InRoads Explorer Window) and
select Review or select Geometry > Review Vertical.
24 Make sure you select the correct geometry project, horizontal alignment and
vertical alignment.
25 Like reviewing the horizontal alignment, you could either review the vertical
alignment in its entirety or review the alignment element by element.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Vertical Annotation
Vertical Annotation
View Vertical Alignment
A vertical alignment can easily be viewed by right-clicking on the vertical alignment in

the InRoads Explorer Window and selecting View, or by selecting Geometry > View
Geometry > Active Vertical command.
Annotate Vertical Alignment
The Annotate Vertical Alignment command displays and annotates vertical point and
alignment information, such as tangent grades and vertical curve information.
In the Main tab, identify the vertical alignment you want to annotate (remember that the
vertical alignment is a child of the horizontal alignment) and select the profile set you
want to annotate. If you have more than one profile set displayed, make sure you have the
correct profile set selected; otherwise, you will not see the vertical annotation where you
expect it. If you know the name of the profile set, you could select it from the pull down
list; otherwise, you could use the graphic locate button. Click on the graphic select button
and identify the profile set you want to annotate.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Vertical Annotation
The Points tab defines how the points on the vertical alignment are annotated.
The Curves tab controls the vertical annotation of the curves.
The Tangents tab controls the vertical annotation of the tangents.
The Affixes tab is used to define prefixes and suffixes for the different types of annotation.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Annotate the Vertical Alignment
Practice-Annotate the Vertical Alignment
View Vertical Alignment

1 Right-click on Hemfield Vertical in the InRoads Explorer and select View.
View Vertical Annotation

2 Select Geometry > View Geometry > Vertical Annotation.
3 Select Hemfield Road for the horizontal alignment.
4 Select Hemfield Vertical for the vertical alignment.
5 Select the target button for the profile set.
You are prompted to identify the profile set.
6 Select the profile set you want to annotate.
The Profile Set field is populated with the correct profile set.
7 Click Apply.
The vertical alignment is now annotated.
8 Close the dialog box.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Task Objective
Create a new vertical alignment for Meadow Park Drive.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
The project file will load the correct preferences, geometry project, and existing ground
surface files. The individual files are listed below but do not need to be loaded
individually if you load the project file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Preference File
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\\Standards\Preferences\InRoads Training.xin
Geometry Project
Park.alg

Park Existing.dtm
Requirements
exercise.
Open the project file (.rwk).
Create a new vertical alignment for the Meadow Park Drive alignment.
Define a vertical alignment with at least 5 vertical PIs and curves.
The beginning of the vertical alignment will be at station 15+51.15 and elevation
201.072.
The end of the vertical alignment will be at station 41+72.098 and elevation 179.705.
The design alignment should be displayed and annotated in the CAD file.
Be sure to save the geometry project with the new vertical alignment.
Questions
What is the grade of the first tangent in the vertical alignment? _________
How long is the shortest vertical curve on your alignment? _________
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 09-Vertical Alignments folder.
Time Allowed
25 minutes
Cleanup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

10 Introduction to Roadway
Designer
12/19/06 InRoads 101


Set up the CAD file
Set up project defaults
Analyzed the existing data
Created horizontal geometry
Created existing ground profiles and cross sections
Created vertical geometry
Now we are ready to design the roadway cooridor which will involve the following tasks:
Defining templates
Define and design corridors
Generate proposed surfaces
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about the Roadway Designer
Create a corridor
Review the results
Starting Clean

3 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 10\Roadway
Designer.dgn.

4 Select File > Open and open the Project File (.rwk)
5 Close the Open dialog box.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Roadway Designer
The Roadway Designer command is used to design a corridor. Specifically, it is used for
corridor management, assigning templates drops, creating superelevation, reviewing the
design, defining template transitioning and creating design surfaces. Other advanced
design functionality can be accomplished using the Roadway Designer.
Corridor Management: Used to create the design corridors.
Template Drops: Sets which templates are applied along the corridor.
Template Transitioning: Transitions from one template to another.
Review the design: You can process the design and immediately see the results.
Create Superelevation: Superelevation can be created, evaluated and modified.
Create Design Surfaces: The corridors can be used to create design surfaces for cross
section display and volume calculations.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Generating a design for a simple roadway is a basic five step process:

Open or create a roadway design (.ird)
Create a corridor (horizontal and vertical alignment to be followed)
Assign template drops (name and interval of templates)
Review the design
Create design surfaces
A geometry project with horizontal and vertical alignment and a surface must be loaded
into InRoads before using the Roadway Designer.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Roadway Design
The Roadway Design
The Roadway Designer file has an .ird extension (InRoads Roadway Design). The
roadway design stores the corridors, and a template drop list, which defines which
templates to use along an the corridor. It also stores superelevation data, transitions, and
other design data.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create a new Roadway Design
Practice-Create a new Roadway Design
Create a Roadway Design

1 Select Modeler > Roadway Designer.
The Roadway Designer dialog box appears.
2 On the Roadway Designer dialog, select File > Save.
3 Navigate to the folder
4 Key-in Hemfield as the file name.
5 Click Save.
6 Cancel the Save As dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Roadway Designer Interface
The Roadway Designer Interface
The Roadway Designer dialog consists of three views.
Plan View (top left): This view will display the horizontal alignment, and cut and fill lines,
as well as the perimeter of the existing ground surface.
Profile View (bottom left): This is a view of the profile and vertical alignment.
Cross Section (right side): This is a cross section view of design results. The station
displayed in the cross section view is defined by the Station setting just under the cross
section view.
Each view can be dynamically scaled.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Menu Items
Menu Items
The four menus on the Roadway Designer are File, Corridor, Superelevation and Tools.
The File menu contains commands for opening and saving files.
The Corridor menu has the tools to create the proposed roadway design.
The Superelevation menu is used to design roadway superelevation.
The Tools menu has additional commands that set options, create curve widening, and
other tasks.
Below the menus are nine icons to directly access some of the most commonly used tools
without having to use the pull-down menus.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Corridor Menu
The Corridor Menu
The Corridor menu is used to establish one or more corridors that are stored in the
roadway design.
Below the menus are nine icons. The first eight icons match the eight tools found in the
Corridor menu.
The first eight buttons, working from left to right are:

Manage Corridors
Template Drops
Point Controls
End Condition Exceptions
Display References
Secondary Alignments
Key Stations
Create Surfaces
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Tools
Tools
The Tools menu has commands for advanced design techniques, reports, and options. The
icon on the far right is the Options tool which is found in the Tools menu.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

What is a Corridor?
What is a Corridor?
The dictionary definition of a corridor is a strip of land or pathway connecting and

providing a path between two entities. An InRoads corridor defines a path along which
templates (road typical sections) are applied. The path is a horizontal and vertical
alignment, or feature. The corridors are stored in an InRoads roadway design (.ird).
When a corridor is processed, InRoads drops a template at specified intervals along the
horizontal alignment. The results are shown in three views within the Roadway Designer
dialog. Once a corridor is created, a design surface can then be generated.
During the surface generation process, the points in the template are connected together to
form breakline features in the design surface. The result is a 3D model of the corridor
similar to the one shown above.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Corridor Prerequisites
InRoads is capable of creating complex corridor designs. Design elements that follow a
linear path such as a roadway, bike path, railway, ditch, or canal can be modeled with the
Roadway Designer.
There are several prerequisites that must be met before a corridor is created:
A surface
A template library containing at least one template
A geometry project with at least one horizontal alignment and vertical alignment
L A surface feature can also be used for a corridor path.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Corridor Management
Corridor Management
The Manage Corridors command is used to create one or more corridors, which are
saved in the roadway design.
To create a corridor, select the Corridor > Corridor Management command or select the
Manage Corridors icon. This opens the Manage Corridors dialog.
First, name the corridor. Then, select the appropriate horizontal and vertical alignments
which define the corridor. If the corridors horizontal alignment is longer than the corridor
project limits, enable the Station Limits option and key-in the station limits of the corridor.
Click Apply to create the corridor.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create a Corridor
Practice-Create a Corridor
Create a Corridor
1 Select Corridor > Corridor Management or select the Manage Corridor icon.
2 In the Name field, key-in Option 1.
3 The horizontal alignment will display with the active horizontal; it should be
named Hemfield Road.
4 The vertical alignment will also show the active vertical alignment; it should be
Hemfield Vert.
5 Click Add.
The name of the corridor, the alignments and the station range of the corridor
should now be listed. Since the Station Limits where not enabled, the corridor will
include the entire alignment.
6 Close the Manage Corridor dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

The Template Library
The Template Library
A template library contains templates and parts of templates called components.

Templates represent typical sections of the proposed roadway.
Components can be opened or closed shapes. The components are combined together to
form complete templates.
A Two Lane template in InRoads
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Templates
Templates
Templates and components and are stored in a template library. The extension for a
template library is .itl (InRoads Template Library).
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Template Drops
Template Drops
The Template Drops command is used to assign templates to specific station ranges along
the corridor. The modeling interval for each template is also specified. Select the
Corridor > Template Drops command. Key-in the station and interval. Navigate to the
appropriate template and click Add. Repeat for additional template drops.
Many road projects require that cross sections be included in the construction drawing set.
Cross sections are also commonly used as the basis of pay for earthwork volumes.
The interval of template drops in the corridor definition is important in determining where
accurate cross sections can be cut. For example, if templates are dropped every 50 feet in
the corridor, accurate cross sections can only be cut at 50, 100, 150, etc. foot intervals. If
cross sections were required every 25 feet, you should define template drops in the
corridor at least every 25 feet, or a number that is evenly divisible into the cross section
cut interval.
A good practice is to set the template drop interval to no greater then half the expected
cross section distance. Therefore, if cross sections are to be displayed every 50 feet, the
interval should be equal to or smaller then 25 feet. Ten or 5 feet would also work because
they are less than half the cross section distance and evenly divisible into the cross section
cut interval.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Template Drops
Practice-Template Drops
1 Select Corridor > Template Drops or the Template Drops icon.

2 Key-in 50.0 for Interval.
3 The Library Templates area of the Template Drops tool works similar to
Windows Explorer. Double-click on a folder name to open the folder and display
its contents.
4 The Hemfield County Standards.itl template library was loaded in a previous
practice when we loaded the project file (.rwk).
5 Double-click to open the folder Templates.
6 Highlight the Four Lane template.
7 Click Add.
8 Close the Template Drops tool.
9 Select File > Save on the Roadway Designer dialog.
10 Review the Roadway Designer dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Check Your Results
Check Your Results
Reviewing the Results
The Process All button instructs the Roadway Designer to design the entire corridor. It
will also produce a report listing any problems for each location the templates are applied.
If the InRoads Report lock is enabled, a report is generated even if there are no problems.
At the bottom of the three views in the designer there are view control tools. All three
have a Zoom In, Zoom Out, Window Area and a Fit. The profile view also has Zoom
In, Zoom Out in the X direction, and Zoom In, Zoom Out in the Y direction.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Check Your Results
In both the plan and profile views there is a line that shows where the cross section view is
displayed. The location of the cross section view can be changed by double clicking in
plan or profile view. The location can also be changed by using the up or down station
buttons located below the cross section view. There is also a graphic select button
available which can be used in the CAD view for selecting a location. Additionally, a
station marker shown as a yellow line in the plan and profile view can be used to
dynamically adjust the cross section view.
If you close the Roadway Designer before saving any changes, a warning displays
reminding you of the changes and giving the option to save prior to exiting.
Example of the Roadway Designer after processing a corridor
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Review the Roadway Designer
Practice-Review the Roadway Designer
Explore Roadway Designer

1 For the next few minutes, explore the results of the corridor design.
Add the Roadway Design File to the Project File (.rwk)

1 From the InRoads Explorer select File > Save As.
2 Set the Save as type to Projects (*.rwk).
3 Select the C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\RWK\ folder.
4 Select Practice Lesson 10.rwk.
5 Click the Options button.
6 Select the Roadway Design tab.
7 Enable Update next to Hemfield, then click OK.
8 Click Save on the Save As dialog.
9 An alert will display, click Yes to overwrite the project file (.rwk).
10 Cancel the Save As tool.
11 Exit MicroStation and InRoads.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Project Objective
Create a roadway design in the Roadway Designer using an existing template and
alignments.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
The project file will load the correct preferences, geometry, existing ground surface, and
template library. The individual files are listed below but do not need to be loaded
individually if you load the project file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Preference File
Geometry Project
Park.alg

Park Existing.dtm
Template Library
City Standards.itl
Design Alignments
Horizontal alignment is Meadow Park Drive
Vertical alignment is Meadow Park Vert
Requirements
exercise.
Create a new roadway design named Meadow Park.ird in the folder C:\InRoads
Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 10\.
Create a corridor named Option 1.
Limit the design stations of the corridor to the station range 26+50 to 41+72.
Define template drops every 10 feet using the Urban Two Lane template.
Save the roadway design after the design is complete.
Add the roadway design to the project file Meadow Park Task 10.rwk.
Questions
How many components are included in the Urban Two Lane template? _________
Are there any stations where the end condition is unable to catch to the ground? _____
If yes, list the first station where no catch was found? _________________
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 10-Introduction to Roadway Designer folder.
Time Allowed
30 minutes
Cleanup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

11 Introduction to Templates
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about template libraries
Learn about template components
Starting Clean
2 Start MicroStation and InRoads. Double-click on the InRoads icon or select Start
> Programs > Bentley > InRoads Group XM > InRoads.
3 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 11\Create
Template.dgn.

4 Open the project file
InRoads 101 12/19/06

What is a Template Library?
What is a Template Library?
A template library is a file that contains templates, which represent typical sections of the
proposed roadway.
Templates consist of parts known as components. Components can be used to assemble a

complete template. Examples of components include curb and gutter sections, sidewalks,
asphalt layers, aggregate layers, median barriers, or the side slopes to be used when in cut
and fill areas. Components can be closed shaped such as an asphalt layer, or they can be
open shaped such as define cut and fill slopes.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Template Library Folder Structure
Create and organize your templates and components in the Template Library folder
structure, which has the look and feel of the Windows Explorer. Windows options like
Drag and Drop, Cut and Paste, and right-click options are available in the Template
Library folder. Each folder can contain templates and sub-folders. Template and
component naming conventions, and organization of the folder structure are normally
based on company or agency standards.
Right-click on folders and templates to access common commands.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

The Point Names List is used to store Template Point Names and their associated Styles.
This allows you to select the Template Point Name from a pick-list during Component
creation or point renaming. The associated Style for that Template Point Name is
automatically populated in the dialogs.
If you want to create a Component to be used later to assemble a complete Template, you
must create a Template name in a folder to store that Component.
The Template Library List
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Creating Templates
Creating Templates
A template is the result of joining together one or more components. Template points will
become longitudinal breakline features in a design surface.
This 0,0 coordinate point on the template defines where the horizontal and vertical
alignments attaches to the template to form a model of the roadway.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Creating Templates
Components
A component is a series of template points connected together to form an open or closed

shape. Portions of the template that are separated into components are normally based on
tabulation considerations. Examples of components include curb and gutter, median
barrier, pavement layers, cut and fill slopes, and ditches.
This 0,0 coordinate point on the template defines where the horizontal and vertical
alignments attaches to the template to form a model of the roadway.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Create Template Command
Create Template Dialog
To create or edit a template library, select the Modeler > Create Template command.
This opens the Create Template dialog. The Create Template dialog will be the primary
place where templates are created and edited for a project. This is also where templates
will be copied from a standard template library to a project template library using the
Tools > Template Library Organizer command.
Template Library Area
On the left side of the dialog, you will find the Template Library area. The root folder is
the name and location of the InRoads template library that is currently open. Only one
template library may be open at a time.
To navigate the folder structure, double-click the folders you want to open or close. Inside
any folder, you can create and organize your templates and sub-folders. The organization
of the folder structure is completely user-definable. The folder structure also supports
common Windows functions, like drag and drop, and cut and paste. Most common
commands can be accessed by using a right-click on the folders and templates.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

If you double-click a template, it becomes the current template and is identified by a red
box around the template icon. The current template is also identified in the Current
Template area next to the Template Library area. To assemble or edit a template, it must
be the current template.
Template Preview Window
Under the Template Library area is the Preview area. When you highlight a template, the
template is displayed in the Preview area.
You can use the preview areas to assemble templates from their parts or components. This
is accomplished through drag and drop.
The Cyan color box in the preview area, represents the insertion point for any drag and
drop operation. You can change the insertion point location by clicking on another point
in the preview window.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Current Template Window
In the center of the Create Template dialog, is the main graph for creating templates. The
graph uses its own graphics engine and is not a MicroStation view.
The scale of the graph is dynamic and will change as you zoom in and out. The center
point of graph is marked by the dynamic origin, which is bold violet-colored box. The
dynamic origin is used as reference point and can be moved to any location in the graph.
The template graph displays the current template.
At the bottom of the graph, there are numerous view commands, which are similar to
MicroStation View commands. There are two buttons that look like the MicroStation
View Previous and View Next commands, however, they are used to undo and redo
template creation operations. The Ctrl-Z keyboard hotkey will undo your last edit or
creation.
In the graph area, you can right-click to access commands and you can double-click
elements in the graph for editing purposes.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Review a Template
Practice-Review a Template
Review Template
1 Select Modeler > Create Template.
2 In the Template Library list, open the folder \Templates\.
3 Open the Templates folder.
4 Double-click on Four Lane.
The Four Lane template becomes active and is displayed.
5 In the Display section, turn off Display Point Names.
6 Use the view controls to explore the template.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Create Template-Display
Create Template-Display
Display Point Names
As you just saw, the point names on the template can be turned on and off. Each point on
the template has a unique name. Since the points on the template will become named
breakline features in a surface, a unique naming convention is required when building a
template. The point name text in the view is dynamic.
Display Components and Constraints
The view can display either the component graphics representing its shape, or symbols
representing the constraints that associate the different points making up the component.
The Constraints and Components radio buttons define what is visible in the view.
Components option displays the line segments of the template. Constraints shows how
the points are related to other points. This option should normally be set to Components,
unless you are editing the template point constraints.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Short Cut Menus
Short Cut Menus
Right-click Commands
Depending on where one right-clicks with the mouse, different menus will display.
If the cursor is in the Template Library list hovering over a folder and one right-clicks,
tools such as New, Copy and Delete will display. If the cursor is over a template of
Component, tools like Paste, Rename and Display are in the menu list.
Try it. Hover the cursor over the Templates folder in the library list and right-click. Notice
the tools that are listed in the menu. Right-click on Four Lane. Notice that there are some
of the same tools as the folder right-click; however, there are others listed in the menu
also.
In the dynamic view, the same is true. If the cursor is hovering over a point, one set of
tools are listed in the menu, if the cursor is over a line, another set of tools display and if
the cursor was in an area where there are no graphics, a third menu will display.
Go ahead and try right-clicking on a point, a line and in the blank area of the dynamic
view. Do not select any of the commands that are displayed.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Dynamic Settings
Dynamic Settings
Dynamic Settings
The Dynamic Settings dialog is used for precision input of the template components and to
assign point names and point styles when creating components. It also serves as a
compass for the location of your cursor with respect to dynamic origin. The dynamic
origin can be moved using the Set Dynamic Origin button located at the bottom of the
Dynamic Settings dialog. The Dynamic Settings dialog is accessed by selecting Tools >
Dynamic Settings or using the view control icons located below the current template
window.
The Key-in pull-down specifies the type of key in to be performed.

XY= key in absolute coordinates
DL= key in delta coordinates from last point placed (defaults to the dynamic origin if
it is the first point of a component)
HS= key in horizontal delta distance and slope from last point placed
VS= key in vertical delta distance and slope from last point placed
OL= key in delta coordinates from dynamic origin.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create a New Template
Practice-Create a New Template
Create a New Template

1 Right-click on the Templates folder in the Template Library list.
2 From the menu that appears, select New > Template.
3 A new template should now be in the Templates folder called New Template1.
4 Key-in Two Lane Urban for the name of the template and press the Tab key.
Set Current Template

5 Double-click on the template Two Lane Urban.
A red square box displays around the template icon when a template is current.
6 Select Tools > Dynamic Settings.
7 Make sure the X Step is set to 1.0.
8 Make sure the Y Step is set to .1.
9 Close the Dynamic Settings tool.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Create Template (cont.)
Select the Component to be Copied

1 Open the folder Components and select (left-click only once) 12 Two Lane w/
shoulders.
The component is now displayed in the Preview view. The cyan-colored box is
called the insertion point.
Drag and Place the Two Lane Component into the Template
2 Place the cursor of the mouse in the preview window over the point with the box
around it.
3 Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the template window, still
holding the left mouse button down.
4 With the cursor in the template window and the left mouse button still down,
right-click.
5 Select Mirror with the left mouse button.
6 You can now release the left and right mouse buttons.
7 Move the cursor to the violet box in the template window and click to place the
components.
8 Use Edit > Undo if the components are not placed on the 0,0 point.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

9 Fit the template window.
Drag and Place the Curb and Gutter Component into the Template
10 In the Template Library list, click the Concrete Curb and Gutter component.
11 Place the cursor over the cyan box in the preview window and hold down the left
mouse button.
12 Drag the curb to the top and right most point of the pavement surface in the
dynamic view.
13 The point on the template will change to a bold white color, indicating that the
points are coincident.
14 Release the left mouse button.
15 Fit the view.
Drag and Place the Simple Cut/Fill End Condition into the Template
16 Open the End Conditions folder and drag and drop the Simple Cut/Fill to the top
back of curb.
17 Fit the view of the Urban Two Lane template.
Save the Template Library

18 Select File > Save from the Create Template dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Merging Components
Merging Components
When combining two components of a pavement section together, it produces two

separate components with a vertical segment dividing the components. To remove the
vertical segment, hold the cursor over the vertical segment and right-click. Then, select
the Merge Components command.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Merge Two Components
Practice-Merge Two Components
Merging Two Components

1 Zoom into the center of the template.
2 Right-click on the vertical line between the right and left half of the template.
3 Select Merge Components.
4 Right-click on the remaining vertical line that is at the center of the template.
5 Select Merge Components.
6 Select File > Save to save the changes.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Observe Your Results
Observe Your Results
By taking the pieces from other components, the active template now has 14 components.
If there are common points between two components, there is now only one point with the
name of the point coming from the first copied component. Components and points that
are on the right of the center have a RT_ prefix and the items on the left side now have a
LT_ prefix.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

End Condition Testing
End Condition Testing
Testing End Conditions
End conditions can be tested anytime during the design. Testing will simulate how the end
conditions will behave during modeling, without using Roadway Designer.
To test that the end conditions produce the desired results, select the Test button located
under the template window. This opens the Test End Conditions dialog. The window in
the Test End Conditions dialog displays non-end condition components as solid white
lines and end conditions as dotted white lines. The scale of this window is dynamic and
view controls are located at the bottom.
To test the end conditions, select one of the available targets and select the Draw button
located on the right side of the dialog. Move your cursor over the testing window. The
end conditions will changed from a dotted line to a solid white line, revealing the final
solution for the proposed target intercept.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Task Objective
Create a new template from existing components
Use the template to model a roadway in Roadway Designer using existing alignments
Given Data
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task11 \Meadow Park
Working.dgn
Project File
The project file will load the correct preferences, geometry, existing ground surface,
template library, and roadway design. The individual files are listed below but do not need
to be loaded individually if you load the project file.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Preference File
Geometry Project
Park.alg

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101Meadow Park Drive Project\Existing\Meadow Park
Existing.dtm
Template Library
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task11\Meadow Park
City Standards.itl
Roadway Design File

Park.ird
Requirements
exercise.
Open the InRoads project file (.rwk).
Create a new template named Urban Two Lane with Ditches using the following
components and end conditions:
12 Two Lane w/shoulders
Concrete Curb and Gutter
End of roadway 1
Test the template using a 0%, 10%, and -10% slope.
Save the template library after the new template is defined and tested.
Questions
Is a ditch created in all situations when using this template? _________
What happens to the catch slope segment immediately behind the curb and gutter in
deep fill conditions? ________________________________________________
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 11-Introduction to Templates folder.
Time Allowed
20 minutes
Cleanup
InRoads 101 12/19/06

12 Roadway Designer and Surfaces
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson we will....

Learn about surface feature names
Create a corridor
Create a surface from a corridor
Starting Clean

2 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 12\Create
Surface.dgn.
Load The InRoads Project File

1 Open the InRoads project file
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Corridor Basics Review
Corridor Basics Review
What is needed to create a corridor?

A horizontal alignment
A vertical alignment
A template from a template library
A target for the design, in most cases an existing surface
A roadway design
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Observe the Results
Observe the Results
Examine the Template Drops dialog

Select Modeler > Roadway Designer.
Select Corridor > Template Drops.
Examine the Template Drops dialog.
When a template is added to the Template Drops list, a copy of the template is stored in the
roadway design. If the template name is shown in red, the copy of the template stored in
the roadway design is out of sync with the currently loaded template library. Templates
become out of sync if the wrong template library is loaded or the template in the library
has been changed.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create a New Corridor
Practice-Create a New Corridor
Create a Corridor and Template Drop Definition

1 Create a second corridor named Option 2 in the Hemfield.ird file.
2 Define a template drop using the template Two Lane Urban at an interval of 25.0
starting at Station 21+30.0.
3 Process and review the results.
HINTS:
Select Corridor > Corridor Management to create the corridor.
Select Corridor > Template Drops to set the template and station.
Select Process All to step through station by station.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Why Create a Surface?
Why Create a Surface?
Design Surfaces
One reason to create a surface is that most road design projects require cross sections and
end-area volumes. A design surface is needed to create cross sections and to calculate end-
area volumes. Design surfaces can also be displayed and rendered for visual presentation
of the project.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Creating a Design Surface
Creating a Design Surface
Design Surface Creation
Template points are used to create surface features. The template point names become the
names of the surface features.
If multiple corridors are used to create a design surface, a unified surface can be created.
The surfaces from different corridors are merged into one surface. You can also create a
separate surface for each corridor.
The interval specifies how often the templates are dropped to create the model. To
provide smoother curve features, extra templates drops are needed along curves. This can
be accomplished by enabling the Densify options on the Create Surface tool.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Create a Design Surface
Create a Surface from the Roadway Designer

1 Select Corridor > Create Surface.
2 Key-in Hemfield Finished for the name.
3 Set the Default Preferences to Finished Surface.
4 Select Option 2 in the Create Surface(s) from: list.
5 Click Apply.
6 The Create Surface tool activates the Process All in Roadway Designer.
7 Roadway Designer processes each template drop and stores the results into the
surface.
8 Close the Results dialog.
9 Close the Create Surface tool.
10 Save the roadway design.
11 Close Roadway Designer.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Review the Design Surface

12 Select Surface > Feature > Feature Properties.
13 Select the surface named Hemfield Finished.
14 Notice that there is a feature called Option 2-CL and that all the features listed in
the tool has Option 2 in the first part of the name.
The name of the corridor is automatically used as the prefix of the surface feature
name.
15 Close the Feature Properties tool.
Review the Template Points

1 Open the Create Template dialog.
2 Select Two Lane Urban as the active template.
3 Window into the center of the template.
4 Notice that the center point is labeled CL.
5 The surface feature Option 2-CL came from the corridor named Option 2 and the
template point named CL.
6 Close the Create Template dialog.
Display the Design Surface

1 View the contours and features of the surface Hemfield Finished.
2 Use the preference Finished Surface.
3 Save the surface.
4 Save the surface named Hemfield Finished to the folder
5 Close MicroStation and InRoads.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Task Objective
Create a design surface using Roadway Designer, an existing template, and existing
alignments.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
template library, and roadway design. The individual files are listed below but do not need
to be loaded individually if you load the project file.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Preference File
Geometry Project
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 12\InRoads
Training Project.alg

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project \Existing\Meadow
Park Existing.dtm
Template Library
City Standards.itl
Roadway Design
Park.ird
Requirements
Close and restart MicroStationand InRoads if they are running from a previous
exercise.
Create a new corridor named Project Option 2.
Define template drops using the Urban Two Lane with Ditches template at a 10-foot
interval and starting at station 26+50.
Save the design to a surface named Meadow Park Finished.dtm.
Save the roadway design and the surface Project Finished to the folder C:\InRoads
Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 12\.
Add the surface Meadow Park Finished to the project file. Save the file to Meadow
Park Task 12.rwk.
When prompted to overwrite the existing file, click Yes.
Questions
How many Random points are in the design surface? _________
How many Breakline points are in the design surface? _________
What is the name of one feature in the design surface that is Excluded from
Triangulation? ___________________________________
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 12-Roadway Designer and Surfaces folder.
Time Allowed
30 minutes
Cleanup
When finished exit, MicroStation and InRoads.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

13 Cross Sections and Annotation
12/19/06 InRoads 101


Set up the project
Defined the templates
Created geometries
Designed the roadway corridor
Generated proposed surfaces
Now we are ready to evaluate the results which will involve the following tasks:
Create proposed cross sections
Calculate end-area volumes
Generate reports
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Review how to create cross sections
Learn how to update cross sections
Learn how to annotate cross sections
Starting Clean

3 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 13\Create Cross
Sections.dgn.
Open Project File

4 Open the Project File
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Cross Section Creation - Review
Cross Section Creation - Review
Before cross sections can be created, a baseline must be defined. This could come from
either a horizontal alignment, a graphic line, or points selected in the graphic view.
To create cross sections of the existing ground surface or proposed surface, those surfaces
must be opened.
Normally, the cross sections are cut perpendicular to the horizontal baseline; however,
there are settings that will create skewed cross sections or even broken back cross
sections. These are called custom cross sections.
Cross sections can be set up to be layed out in a large group or broken into sheets.
Individual cross sections can also be created. An individual or group of cross sections,
created at the same time, are called a cross section set.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Displaying the Surface
Displaying the Surface
The surface line that is displayed on cross sections is based on the symbology associated
with the surface. The symbology association is defined using the Surface Properties tool
(Surface > Surface Properties).
If surface features are displayed on the cross section, the symbology of the feature is based
on the style associated with the surface feature.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Create Cross Sections Dialog
Create Cross Sections Dialog
The Create Cross Section dialog has an interface called a tree and leaf format. One folder
(or stem) leads to either another folder (stem) or to a file (leaf).
Selecting the General leaf, displays the general settings for the tool. The general settings
include the set name, cross section interval or the distance between cross sections, the
width left and right of the cross section, what vertical exaggeration will be used and
finally, which surface or surfaces will be placed on the cross section.
The Source leaf is used to select the horizontal control. For graphics and multipoint-based
alignments, a horizontal alignment can be created as the cross sections are generated. The
alignment is needed if you want to update the cross sections in the future using the Update
Cross Section tool.
The Include leaf is used to add surface features, components, and storm and sanitary
structures to the cross sections. Viewing components on the cross sections displays the
template components on the cross sections.
The Limits leaf found in the Controls stem is used to set either elevation limits or station
limits for cross sections.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Create the Cross Sections

1 Select the Evaluation > Cross Sections > Create Cross Sections.
3 Enable the surfaces Hemfield Existing and Hemfield Finished.
The interval should be set at 50, the left offset at -100.00 and the right offset at
100.00.
4 Select the Include leaf and verify that the only item selected is Components.
5 Click Apply.
6 Click in the center of the CAD view to identify where the left lower point of the
first cross section will be located in the CAD file.
7 Close the Create Cross Section dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Review the Cross Sections

1 Fit the view.
2 Window into one of the cross sections.
Although windowing into the cross sections is functional, there is an easier way to
view cross sections.
3 Select Evaluation > Cross Section > Cross Section Viewer.
4 Select one of the stations listed.
The view is updated showing the selected cross section.
5 Select another station.
6 Select Station 21+30.0.
7 Click the Run button.
Each cross section is now displayed one at a time in a movie mode.
8 When done, select Station 22+00.
9 Close the Cross Section Viewer.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Continued
Practice-Continued
The color of the surfaces displayed on the cross section is controlled by the symbology
associated with the surface.
The Surface Properties tool is used to set the symbology for the surface.
2 Set Hemfield Existing as the active surface.
3 Select the Advanced tab.
Notice that Hemfield Existing has E_SURF_OriginalGround as the symbology for
cross sections.
4 Change the Surface to Hemfield Finished.
Notice that the symbology for both the profile and the cross sections is set to
Default.
5 Change the symbology for both profile and cross cections to
P_Surf_DesignSurface.
6 Click Apply.
The symbology associated with the surface has been updated. However, the cross
sections will not automatically update. Next, we will learn how to update them.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Continued
7 Close the Surface Properties dialog.

A change has just been made to the surface; it should be saved to the hard drive.
8 Save the surface. (Hint: File > Save)
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Update the Cross Sections
Practice-Update the Cross Sections
Update the Cross Sections

1 Select Evaluation > Cross Section > Update Cross Section.
2 Set the Mode to Refresh.
Refresh will update all of the displayed surfaces on the cross section.
3 Select the Surfaces leaf.
4 Select the surface Hemfield Finished.
5 Click Apply.
6 Close the Update Cross Section dialog.
Notice that the surface color changed for the finished surface.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Annotate Cross Sections
Practice-Annotate Cross Sections
Only surface data displayed on the cross sections can be annotated.
Annotate the Cross Sections

1 Select Evaluation > Cross Section > Annotate Cross Section.
3 Select the surface named Hemfield Finished.
4 Click Apply.
The surface Hemfield Finished in the cross sections is annotated.
5 Close the Annotate Cross Section dialog.
6 Review the annotation of the cross section at station 22+00.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Task Objective
Create cross sections showing the existing and design surface. Annotate the design
surface on the cross sections.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
design surface, template library, and roadway design. The individual files are listed below
but do not need to be loaded individually if you load the project file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101


InRoads Geometry Project

Park.alg

Park Existing.dtm
InRoads Finished Design Surface

Finished.dtm
InRoads Template Library

City Standards.itl
InRoads Roadway Design

Park.ird
Requirements
Close and restart MicroStationand InRoads if they are running from a previous
exercise.
Open the project file.
Verify the existing ground surface cross section symbology is set to
E_Surf_OriginalGround.
Set the finished design surface cross section symbology to P_Surf_DesignSurface.
Create cross sections at a 50-foot interval starting at station 26+50 along the
horizontal alignment named Meadow Park Drive.
Name the cross section set Meadow Park Option 2. Place these cross sections above
the existing ground cross sections.
Annotate the finished design surface of the cross section set called Meadow Park
Option 2. The active cross section set will have a box around it when it is selected.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Questions
What is the elevation of the left gutter flowline at station 32+00? _________
How many closed components are displayed on each cross section? _________
Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 13-Cross Sections and Annotation folder.
Time Allowed
20 minutes
Cleanup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

14 Introduction to Volumes
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about triangle volume
Generate end-area volumes
Create volumes reports
Starting Clean

2 Open the file C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson
14\Volumes.dgn.
Open Project Files

InRoads 101 12/19/06

End-Area Volume
End-Area Volume
Although end-area volumes can be inaccurate, traditionally, they have been the preferred
method of volume calculation. Why inaccurate? The volume calculation is based on two
thin slices of the project; the areas of cut and fill at these two locations are assumed to be
representative of every location between the two locations. The accuracy of the volume is
only as good as the locations selected. So, if cross sections are created every 50 feet along
an alignment, it is assumed that no significant changes in terrain occurred between the two
cross sections.
Before computer-aided assistance, end-area volumes were practical and reasonably

accurate manual method to estimate volumes. The other volume calculation methods, such
as differential elevations, required excessive manual calculations. Using cross sections,
the contractor, engineer and owner could each manually estimate the volumes within an
acceptable amount of error.
So, how does the calculation work? Find the area of cut on two adjacent cross sections for
example, station 12+00 and 12+50. Traditionally, the area was measured on a cross section
drawing using a planimeter or by counting squares on a grid. Add the two areas together
and divide by two to get the average of the two. Multiply that average area by the distance
between the two cross sections to determine the cut volume. Repeat this process for the fill
volume. The closer the cross section are to each other, the more accurate the volume will
be.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

End-Area Volume Prerequisites
End-Area Volume Prerequisites
Cross sections are needed in the working CAD file. The cross sections must have at least
two surfaces displayed. For component volumes, the template components must be
displayed on the cross sections.
Since the basic end-area calculation assumes a straight line, an option is available to
correct for alignment curvature. If you use this option, the horizontal alignment on which
the cross sections are based must be loaded in InRoads.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Surface Properties-Type
Surface Properties-Type
When the surface line is displayed on the cross section, there is some additional
information associated with that line. One of the items associated with the surface line is
the type of surface. The surface type is used by InRoads when computing volumes. There
are four possible surface types.
Existing - used for existing ground surfaces
Design - used for design surfaces
Substratum - used for surfaces below the top of ground, such as an underground rock
layer
Ignore - instructs InRoads not to use the surface for end-area calculations
12/19/06 InRoads 101

End-Area Volume Dialog
End-Area Volume Dialog
Similar to the Create Cross Section and Create Profile commands, the End-Area
Volumes dialog uses a tree and leaf format.
Multiple cross section sets can be displayed in a single CAD file. The End-Area
Volumes tool uses the cross section set name to specify for which cross sections to
calculate volumes. The Cross Section Set selection box, and graphical target button, are
used to specify the appropriate cross section set. When a cross section set is selected, a
box is displayed around the set to identify it for processing.
The surfaces listed in the End-Area Volumes dialog box are the surfaces that are on the
cross sections. The surfaces (.dtm) do not need to be loaded into InRoads to compute end-
area volumes using that surface.
Another option on the General leaf is an XML report that can be generated when the
volumes are calculated.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Calculate End-Area-Volumes
Practice-Calculate End-Area-Volumes
1 Select Evaluation > Volumes > End-Area Volume.

3 Enable both the Hemfield Existing and Hemfield Finished surfaces.
4 Enable the Create XML Report option.
5 Click Apply.
The volume report appears.
If the message You need to set the Style Sheet... appears, click OK and proceed
with steps 6 and 7. Otherwise skip to step 8. This message indicates that the
selected volume report type requires a default style sheet.
6 On the left side of the browser, open the Evaluation folder.
7 Select BasicVolume.xsl.
The .xsl file is a report template file that can be edited.
8 Review the report.
9 Close the End-Area Volumes dialog.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Volume Reports
Volume Reports
The InRoads XML reporting allows quick viewing of various report formats. Each of the
.xsl files listed in the Evaluation folder are different volume report formats.
1 Try other volume report formats in the Evaluation folder and notice how the
different formats can be displayed.
2 Close the Report Browser and the End-Area Volumes tool.
3 Window into one of the cross sections.
Notice the volume calculation information that appears at the bottom of the cross
sections.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

End-Area Volumes and Triangle Volumes
End-Area Volumes and Triangle Volumes
As noted before, end-area volume is only as good as the frequency and accuracy of the
cross sections.
Triangle volumes compare the triangles in both surfaces to compute the true difference
between the surfaces. Unlike end-area volumes, triangle volumes are not an estimate of
the difference between surfaces. However, keep in mind that even triangle volumes can
only be as good as the surfaces they are measuring; surfaces approximate the terrain.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Calculate Triangle Volumes
Practice-Calculate Triangle Volumes
1 Select Evaluation > Volumes > Triangle Volume.

2 Click Help and review how triangle volumes are generated.
3 Click the Show Me icon at the top of the help page to view a short video
demonstration on triangle volume calculations.
4 Close Help.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Triangle Volumes Continued
Triangle Volumes
The Triangle Volume and the Triangle Volume by Station tools both use surfaces. Cross
sections are not required. Similar to the end-area volume calculations, the results of the
Triangle Volume tools are placed in an XML file.
Unlike the End-Area Volume tool, the Triangle Volume tool does not recognize
components that are in the surfaces.
Compute Triangle Volumes

1 Set Original Surface to Hemfield Existing.
2 Set Design Surface to Hemfield Finished.
3 Click Add, then Apply.
5 Select TriangleVolumes.xsl.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

7 Close the Report Browser and the Triangle Volume dialog.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Triangle Volume by Station
Triangle Volume By Station
The Triangle Volume by Station tool computes a hybrid volume. True volumes are
calculated between two surfaces but only within a specified width from the centerline and
between a station interval. The volume results are reported on a station by station basis,
much like end-area volumes.
Computing Triangle Volumes by Station

1 Select Evaluation > Volumes > Triangle Volume by Station.
2 Set Original Surface to Hemfield Existing.
3 Set Design Surface to Hemfield Finished.
4 Click Apply.
12/19/06 InRoads 101


6 Select BasicVolume.xsl.
8 Close the Report Browser and the Triangle Volumes by Station dialog.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Review
Review
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Project Objective
Create and compare an end-area volume and triangle volume report.
Given Data
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project \Task 14\Meadow
Park Working.dgn
Project File
template library, and roadway design file. The individual files are listed below but do
not need to be loaded individually if you load the project file.
InRoads 101 12/19/06


InRoads Geometry Project

Park.alg

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project \Existing\Meadow
Park Existing.dtm
InRoads Finished Design Surface

Finished.dtm
InRoads Template Library

City Standards.itl
InRoads Roadway Design

Park.ird
Requirements
exercise.
Calculate end-area volume between the existing ground and finished design surfaces.
Calculate triangle volumes between the existing ground and finished design surfaces.
Save the end-area volume and triangle volume reports to the folder
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 14\.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Questions
What is the total cut and fill based on the end-area volume computation?
End-Area Cut Volume _______________
End-Area Fill Volume _______________
What is the total cut and fill based on the triangle volume computation?
Triangle Cut Volume _______________
Triangle Fill Volume _______________
Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 14-Introduction to Volumes folder.
Time Allowed
25 minutes
Cleanup
InRoads 101 12/19/06

15 Introduction to Reports
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about style sheets
Generate an XML Report
Create fixed format reports
Starting Clean

InRoads Group > InRoads.
2 Open the file
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 15\Reports.dgn.
Open Project File

InRoads 101 12/19/06

What is XML?
What is XML?
XML is a structured ASCII format. It is similar to HTML, with which most web pages are
created. Like a web page where data is presented by using a template, XML uses an XSL
file to format the data. Both XML and XSL files are ASCII files.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads XML Report Process
InRoads XML Report Process
XML reports are a by-product of Bentley Civils support of the American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE) initiative for a neutral file format to exchange alignment and surface
data. This format is know as LandXML.
Why did ASCE and others pick XML as the standard to exchange data? XML files are
ASCII files and can be read on any computer. The tags that XML uses to structure the
data can be defined as a standard such as LandXML. Since XML is similar to HTML,
there are many resources (books, training, experts, etc.) available to customize and format
the data. An XSL file is a template that formats the XML data into something that can be
printed or reused.
InRoads reports are the result of XML data formatted by an XSL file.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Quick Reports
Quick Reports
There are several fixed format quick reports available in InRoads. These reports are
frequently used during the design process when a quick check of the data is needed and the
exact format of the report is not important. An example of one quick report is Geometry >
Review Horizontal.
The report can be saved as an ASCII file, printed directly to a printer, appended to another
ASCII file, or displayed in the CAD drawing.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Reviewing Horizontal Geometry
Reviewing Horizontal Geometry

1 Select Geometry > Review Horizontal.
The active horizontal alignment report is displayed.
2 After reviewing the report, close the dialog.
Many of the quick reports are also available by right-clicking on an item in the
InRoads Explorer window.
3 Select the Geometry Tab at the bottom of the InRoads Explorer window.
4 Click the plus sign next to Hemfield to expand the geometry project list.
5 Right-click the horizontal alignment named Hemfield Road and select Review.
The quick horizontal alignment report for this alignment appears.
6 Close the report.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Vertical Alignment Reports

1 Expand the Hemfield Road horizontal alignment to view its vertical alignments.
2 Right-click the Hemfield Vert vertical alignment and select Review.
The quick vertical alignment report for this alignment appears.
3 Close the report.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Practice-Review a Surface
Practice-Review a Surface

2 Click Report.
3 Close both the report and the Surface Properties dialogs.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

XML Reports
XML Reports
XML Reports are found under Tools > XML Reports.
There are several different types of XML Reports that can be generated. The dialog boxed
that is displayed depends on the tool that was selected.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Other XML Reports
Other XML Reports
As reviewed in the lesson on volumes, there are other places where XML report files are
created.
Volumes
Roadway Designer
Cross Section Reports
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Create Geometry Report
When creating XML reports, first the XML data file is created; then, the report is
formatted.
Creating a Geometry Report

1 Select Tools > XML Reports > Geometry.
2 Click in the Horizontal Alignment Include field.
3 Click the Filter button.
The available horizontal alignments are displayed on the left side of the dialog
box.
4 Highlight the alignment named Hemfield Road.
5 Click Add-> to select this alignment.
6 Click OK.
Hemfield Road should now be listed in the Include field.
You can also type the name of an alignment or use a wildcard to specify the
alignment name.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

7 Enable Include Vertical Alignments - All.

8 Click Apply.
The Report Browser appears.
9 On the left side of the Report Browser, select the Geometry folder.
10 Select VerticalAlignmentReview.xsl.
11 A report opens showing all vertical alignments associated with the Hemfield Road
horizontal alignment.
The .xml data file is placed in the temp directory and the data is formatted through the
VerticalAlignmentReview.xsl template.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Practice-Try Another Format
Practice-Try Another Format
The default XSL file used for the report is not the only format that can be used.
Try Another Format

1 On the left side of the Report Browser, in the Geometry folder, select
HorizontalElementsXYZ.xsl.
Notice that the report format changed.
2 Try a few of the other formats.
Some may show a significant amount of data since they may be looking for data that is not
included in the type of XML file we created. Remember, there are several different tools
to create XML files and different options on each of those tools.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Saving a Report for Printing

1 Select the XSL template HorizontalAndVerticalReview.xsl.
2 Select File > Save As from the Report Browser.
3 Navigate to C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Practice\Practice Lesson 15\.
4 Key-in HorizontalVertical.html for File Name.
5 Click Save.
Saving a Report to Microsoft Excel

1 Right-click over the report in the Report Browser window.
2 Select Export to Microsoft Excel from the pop-up menu.
Microsoft Excel opens and the report data is added to a blank file.
L The report format is not retained when saving to Excel by this method.
Microsoft Excel can also read the HTML format report saved previously. When
this report format is open in Microsoft Excel, most of the formatting is retained.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Saving the XML
Saving the XML
When the XML file is generated for the reports, the file is placed in a temporary directory.
To save the xml file for later formatting, the file should be saved out. To review and save
the format, use raw-xml.xsl.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Changing the Format Options

1 Select the HorizontalAlignmentReview.xsl format in the Report Browser.
The HorizontalAlignmentReview report template is located in the Geometry
folder.
2 Select Tools > Format Options on the Report Browser.
3 Change the Northing/Easting Precision to a different number of decimal places.
Notice that as soon as the change is made, it is reflected in the report.
4 Change the Precision, Slope and Direction to different values and review the
report.
5 Close Format Options dialog box.
6 Close the Report Browser.
7 Close the Geometry Report tool.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Station Offset Report
Station Offset Report
Generate a Station Offset Report

1 Select Tools > XML Reports > Station Offset.
3 Enable Horizontal Alignment.
4 Set Horizontal Alignment to Hemfield Road.
5 Select the Features leaf.
6 Set Surface to Hemfield Finished.
7 Select the Feature Exterior Boundary.
8 Click Apply.
9 Select the report template TransverseFeature.xsl from the Station Offset folder.
Notice that the report lists the station along the alignment, the offset to the feature,
and the elevation of the feature.
10 Close the Report Browser and the Station Offset Report tool.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Volume and Template Reports
Volume and Template Reports
In the lesson on volumes, a report was created at the time the volume was calculated.
For Roadway Designer, the report tool is located on the Tools > Report menu. Similar to
creating a surface, the model is calculated again so that all points are located in the proper
location.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Task Objective
Create geometry and clearance reports.
Given Data
Working.dgn
Project File
template library, and roadway design file. The individual files are listed below but do
not need to be loaded individually if you load the project file.
Preference File
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Geometry Project
Park.alg

C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Meadow Park
Existing.dtm
Finished Design Surface

Finished.dtm
Template Library
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project \Task 15\Meadow
Park City Standards.itl
Roadway Design
Park.ird
Requirements
exercise.
Create a geometry report showing the coordinates and curve data for all of the
horizontal and vertical alignments in this project.
Create a report that lists the names, descriptions, and styles of all horizontal and
vertical alignments in the geometry project.
Create a clearance stakeout report from the centerline alignment named Meadow Park
Drive to the toe of slope. The toe of slope is the Exterior Boundary feature in the
finished design surface.
Save the reports to the folder
C:\InRoads Training\InRoads 101\Meadow Park Drive Project\Task 15\Reports\.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Assistance Video
assistance.
3 Select the Task 15-Introduction to Reports folder.
Time Allowed
25 minutes
Cleanup
12/19/06 InRoads 101

InRoads 101 12/19/06

16 Productivity Tools
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Lesson Objectives
Lesson Objectives

Learn about the Pen/Pencil Lock
Learn about the Style Lock
Learn about Tracking
InRoads 101 12/19/06

InRoads Locks
InRoads Locks
InRoads locks control how InRoads tools works when viewing, selecting or evaluating
data. Because locks affect nearly every tool in InRoads, it is important to understand how
locks work. Below is a brief introduction to the locks.
InRoads has two basic types of locks. There are locks that have an enabled/disabled state.
There are also locks that switch between two or three different modes, but are always
active.
Locks are accessed by selecting Tools > Locks from the InRoads menu. However, since
the status or mode of the locks is frequently adjusted while running InRoads, the best
practice is to display the locks toolbar for easy access. The locks Toolbar is displayed
when you select Tools > Locks > Toolbar.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Style Lock
Style Lock
The Style Lock is used with surfaces. Surfaces can have preferences associated with
them. When a view surface tool is used when the Style lock enabled, the dialog box for
the command will not be displayed, but rather your surface data will be displayed in the
graphics file without any further input from you. The Style lock bypasses the dialog box
and displays the active surface, automatically determining what symbology to use from
the surface preference.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Pen/Pencil Lock
Pen/Pencil Lock
The Pencil/Pen lock controls what happens when graphics are redisplayed from Inroads.
For example, when surface graphics are redisplayed, the setting of this lock determines if
the previously displayed graphics are deleted prior to creating the new graphics.
The Pencil/Pen lock is only available when the Write lock is enabled. Also, the Pencil/
Pen lock only applies to plan display; it does not apply to cross sections or profiles. There
are two modes for this lock: Pen mode or Pencil mode.
Pen graphics created in the CAD file are permanent and will not be deleted the next time
InRoads is used to draw the same graphic. This is analogous to drawing in ink on a paper
whereby the ink is not typically deleted when new graphics are added.
Pencil graphics created in the CAD file are permanent but will automatically be deleted
the next time InRoads is used to draw the same graphics. This is analogous to drawing
with a pencil on paper whereby the pencil is easily removed when new graphics are added.
InRoads users most often use the Pencil mode. Pen mode is typically limited to special
situations.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Snap Lock
Snap Lock
The Snap Lock controls how InRoads snaps to geometry points or elements in the active
geometry project when a target button is used to specify a position in the graphics file.
Target buttons are found throughout the interface. Each button is indicated by the crosshair
icon.
There are three modes for this lock: No Snap, Point Snap, or Element Snap.
No Snap-InRoads does not try to locate the nearest geometry point or element. The
graphically selected coordinate or element is selected.
Point Snap-This enables users to snap to a point in the active geometry. Use this lock to
aid the placement process of geometry elements. For example, when a target button in a
dialog box is selected followed by clicking in the CAD file, InRoads will locate the closest
geometry point, not the graphic location, are returned. The geometry point does not need
to be displayed graphically to be located.
Element Snap-This enables users to snap to geometry element (line, arc, spiral) in the
geometry project. Use this lock to aid in using the direction, distance, length, radius, and/
or angle of an existing geometry element to design a new element. InRoads snaps to the
element nearest the data point placed in the CAD file.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Station Lock
Station Lock
The Station Lock controls how InRoads determines station intervals when a horizontal
alignment begins at an odd-numbered station. This lock applies to InRoads tools such as
generating cross sections, running the Roadway Modeler, or generating station based
reports.
There are two modes for this lock:enabled or disabled.
Enabled-If the first station is an odd-numbered station, the software forces all subsequent
stations to even-numbered stations. For example, if the first station is 2+38 and the station
interval is defined as 50, the software performs the command action at stations 2+38,
2+50, 3+00, 3+50...
Disabled-InRoads does not force stations to even-numbered stations if the first station is
an odd-numbered station. For example, if This is analogous to drawing with a pencil on
paper whereby the pencil is easily removed when new graphics are added.
InRoads users most often use the Pencil mode. Pen mode is typically limited to special
situations.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Report Lock
Report Lock
The Report Lock controls whether or not the command displays output in a dialog box as
command calculations are performed.
There are two modes for this lock: enabled or disabled.
Enabled-The command processes, stores results and display the results in an output
dialog box.
Disabled-The command processes and stores results without displaying them in an output
dialog box.
InRoads 101 12/19/06

Tracking
Tracking
This command dynamically displays the northing and easting coordinates of the cursor
location, as well as the surface elevation, slope, and aspect based on the active surface.
The dialog box also dynamically reports the cursor location in terms of station and offset
from the active horizontal alignment.
You can annotate all or part of this information to the drawing file by placing a data point.
Options that are toggled on are annotated. For example, to annotate only the station and
offset values, toggle on the Station and Offset options.
If you interrupt this command to use another command, you can reactivate it by using the
Activate button. After you choose Activate, a data point will again place annotation in the
drawing file.
12/19/06 InRoads 101

Tracking
InRoads 101 12/19/06

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InRoads 101

Bentley Institute Course Guide

2002-2007 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

All Rights Reserved

Restricted Rights Legend

Bentley Systems, Incorporated

InRoads 101 12/19/06

ii Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Introduction __________________________________ 1-1

A Tour of InRoads _____________________________ 2-11

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated iii

Practice-Creating a Profile______________________________ 2-41

Project Setup _________________________________ 3-53

Introduction to Surfaces ________________________ 4-73

Surface Creation ______________________________ 5-91

InRoads 101 12/19/06

iv Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Check Your Results ___________________________________ 5-104

Introduction to Geometry _______________________ 6-125

Horizontal Alignments _________________________ 7-149

Profiles and Cross Sections _____________________ 8-165

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated v

Practice-Create Existing Ground Profile ___________________ 8-169

Vertical Alignments ____________________________ 9-179

Introduction to Roadway Designer _______________ 10-201

Introduction to Templates ______________________ 11-227

InRoads 101 12/19/06

vi Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Template Library Folder Structure _______________________ 11-230

Roadway Designer and Surfaces _________________ 12-251

Cross Sections and Annotation __________________ 13-263

Introduction to Volumes ________________________ 14-279

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated vii

End-Area Volumes and Triangle Volumes _________________ 14-287

Introduction to Reports ________________________ 15-297

Productivity Tools _____________________________ 16-319

InRoads 101 12/19/06

viii Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 11

Student Name Phone Number e-mail Address

InRoads 101 12/19/06

12 Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 13

The class is organized into two types of learning activities:

InRoads 101 12/19/06

14 Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 15

Recommended Follow-Up Course

Bentley Institute is committed to providing a complete, comprehensive curriculum which

InRoads 101 12/19/06

16 Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

What this Course Provides

What this Course Does Not Provide

12/19/06 InRoads 101

Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated 17

InRoads 101 12/19/06

18 Copyright 2006 Bentley Systems, Incorporated