What do I need to Review?

Civics End of Course Review Dorsey 2015

SS.7.C.1.1 Recognize how Enlightenment ideas including Montesquieus view of

separation of powers and John
Lockes theories related to natural law and how Lockes social contract
influenced the Founding Father
Montesquieu - The founding fathers used his
views when writing the John Locke-
Constitution.
-Natural Law/Natural Rights-He
- Separation of Powers
- Powers
wroteof government
that government is morally
are divided among threeobligated
branchestoofserve people, namely
government: by protecting their natural rights
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
of life, liberty, and property.
-Social
Limits the power of government Contract -The belief that
(SS.7.C.1.1)
. state only exists to serve the
the
will of the people. -He believed
when government violates
individual rights, people were
obligated to rebel.
Think- Declaration of
Independence/American
Revolution
(SS.7.C.1.1)
SS.7.C.1.2 Trace the impact that the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights,
Mayflower Compact, and Thomas Paines Common Sense had on colonists views
of government.

English Bill of Rights (1689) Established

Magna Carta- First document to
freedom from taxation without
limit the powers of the king
representation, outlawed cruel and
signed in 1215. Citizens could
unusual punishment, guaranteed the right
not be deprived of life, liberty or
to bear arms, and many other rights.
property without a lawful
Many of these same rights are included in
judgment of their peers or by law
of the land. the U.S.
Represented by the FifthConstitution.(SS.7.C.1.2)
Amendments
(SS.7.C.1.2) Mayflower Compact (1620) - First
document to establish self-government
in the colonies. Signed before the
passengers left the ship, The
Mayflower, to settle in Plymouth
Colony.
What is self-government?
Government or control of a country by its
own members rather than by members of a
different country (SS.7.C.1.2)

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Civics End of Course Review Dorsey 2015

Declaration of Independence-
Who is Thomas-Statement of the American ideals What were
of the role the Articles of
Paine? of government which is to protect Confederation?
their
Wrote Common Sense natural rights -Adopted July 4,First 1776.form of government for
What is Common -Also listed grievances against the king.
America.
Sense? Colonists were angry over being (SS.7.C.1.5)
taxed
A pamphlet encouraging without their consent (no taxation without
What was Shays Rebellion?
representation).
colonists to demand their rights (SS.7.C.1.2/3)
as citizens and support Protests by Massachusetts farmers
independence for the colonies. over tax collections and judgments for
Ideas are echoed in the debt. The State militia crushed the
Declaration of rebels. This alarmed politicians cited
Test Yourself
Independence. (SS.7.C.1.2) What
as a reason to revise or replace the
In the Preamble to the U.S. areConstitution,
the
Articles of Confederation.
SS.7.C.1.3 Describe What does the Preamble say? how English
(SS.7.C.1.5)
policies and We the People of the weaknesses of the responses to
government
colonial concerns ledUnited States, (Not the to the writing of
the Declaration of
under the Articles of
Independence.
King) in Order to form Confederation? -Congress had no
a more perfect Union, power to tax, to regulate trade, or to
Analyze the relationship between
(better than before) enforce natural
establish Justice, Words to its laws; the national SS.7.C.1.4
rights and the role of government: government lacked a national
Analyze court
the
1. People are endowed by (create fair legal Know
theiraCreator with branch]
system
Tyranny- Cruel[judicial and
ideas central
(natural
system) insure
certain unalienable rights; leadership
and oppressive rights, role of
domestic Tranquility,
2. Governments are instituted among
(keep things peacefulgovernment
at [executive
or men
branch];
to andthechanges to
government)
secure these rights HOME) provide for the rule. the Articles required unanimous
3. Governments derive their
commonjust powers
defense,(join consent of the
Assent- from 13thestates.and complaints
(SS.7.C.1.5) set forth in the
consent of governed together to defend Official
Declaration
of theof
4. Whenever any form ofagainst attacks)
government approvalWhat
or isbecomes
the Preamble
Independence.
promote
destructive of these ends, it is the
the general Constitution?
right of the
Welfare,(help keep
agreement
people to alter or abolish it, and to institute
people safe and healthy) -Introduction to the U.S. Constitution,
new government (SS.7.C.1.4)
and secure the establishing the goals and purposes of
Blessings of Liberty government.
to ourselves and our
Posterity,(make sure -Sets up the six goals of government
that freedom and liberty (SS.7.C.1.6)
is around today, and for
our descendants)
do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America.
SS.7.C.1.5 Identify (The people have created and agreed to follow how the
weaknesses of the this new plan of government, the Constitution) Articles of
Confederation led to the writing of the
Constitution (SS.7.C.1.6)
what is the meaning of the phrase We the
People?
SS.7.C.1.6 Interpret A. The people express their will through the intentions of
political parties.
the Preamble of the Constitution.
B. The people express their will by directly
creating laws. 2
C. Government receives taxes from the
people and exists to support them.
D. Government receives its power from the
people and exists to serve them.
Describe and distinguish between the concepts
paration of Constitutional Government
of se - Any
powers (see above) and checks and balances government whose authority and
construction defined
are by a

What do I need to Review?

constitution. (SS.7.C.1.7)

Civics End of Course Review SS.7.C.1.8 Explain the2015

Dorsey viewpoints
of the Federalists and the Anti-
Federalists regarding the
ratification of the Constitution
and inclusion of a bill of rights.
Who were the federalist?
Who are the -Anti
Federalists?
-Supporters of the Constitution
What is Rule of Law? who believe a strong national
- Feared a strong federal government
government is needed to askeep
created by the Constitution.
-No one is above the law. the country united. - Did not believe it would protect
-Foundation of liberty in the
states right nor peoples freedom.
United States and it protects us -Published the Federalist
Checks and Balances - As the Constitution is ratified, they
from tyranny; Papers to gain support for the
- -Constitution
Each governmental branch has powers tok)limit
Constitution. the (chec
other push for a Bill of Rights to protect
= limited
branches. (SS.7.C.1.8) individual liberties
(SS.7.C.1.8)
government .
- Keeps the balance of power relatively equal between the branches.
(SS.7.C.1.9)
- Montesquieu (see above) believed this was a way to ensure liberty.
(SS.7.C.1.7)
SS.7.C.1.7 Describe how the Constitution limits the powers of government
through separation of powers and checks and balances .

SS.7.C.1.9 Define the rule of law and recognize its influence on the development
of the American legal, political, and governmental systems.

SS.7.C.2.1 Define the term citizen, and identify legal means of becoming a U.S.
citizen.

What is
Citizenship? As What is naturalization? The legal process through
defined by the which immigrants become U.S. citizens.
14th What are the requirements for Naturalization?
Amendment: all who -Must be at least 18 years old
are born or -Have a background check showing good moral
naturalized in the character
United States are -Be fingerprinted
citizens of the United -Pass tests on civics, U.S. history, and English
States and of the -Must take Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
state they reside in. (SS.7.C.2.1)
(SS.C.2.1)
Words to Know (SS.7.C.2.1)
Law of Blood - Idea that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his
natural parents. Example: American citizens travelling through France when they
give birth. The child is American Law of Soil- Idea that the country of citizenship
of a child is determined by its country of birth.
Alien- Owing political allegiance to another country or government; foreign
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Civics End of Course Review Dorsey 2015

Immigrant- A person who leaves one country to settle permanently in another

SS.7.C.2.2 Evaluate the obligations citizens have to obey laws, pay taxes, defend
the nation, and serve on juries.

Civic duty is something that

Civic Responsibility Vs.
each citizen owes(MUST DO)
Something that you
their nation, whether it's
as a citizen.
serving on a jury, abiding the
(Responsibilities may include,
but are not limited to, voting,law, registering for selective
attending civic meetings, service, or paying taxes.
petitioning government, andWhat is selective service?
running for office.) A system for calling up people
for military service
SS.7.C.2.5 Distinguish how the Constitution
safeguards and limits individual rights.
SS.7.C.2.4 Evaluate rights contained in the Bill of Rights and other amendments
to the Constitution.

What is Bill of Rights?

First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution details the specific freedoms that
belong to each
American citizen.(SS.7.C.2.4)

Words to Know (SS.7.C.2.4, SS.7.C.2.5)

Double Jeopardy-The act of putting a person through a second trial for an offense
for which he or she has already been prosecuted or convicted. -Prohibited by the
Fifth Amendment

Due Process-The government has to follow rules and established procedures in

everything it does.
-This protection helps to ensure justice.
-Contained in the Fifth Amendment

Eminent Domain-Government power to take private property for public use without the
owner's consent. -The Fifth Amendment requires the payment of just compensation to
the owner.

Habeas Corpus-Court order that requires the government to bring a prisoner to court
and explain why he or she is being held
Independent Judiciary- A justice system that is not influenced by either the legislative
or executive branch. -Free to make decisions based upon law, not upon men or pressure
from other groups.
Created to guarantee equal justice

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Civics End of Course Review Dorsey 2015

More Terms to Know (SS.7.C.2.4, SS.7.C.2.5)

Criminal Law-Group of laws that define what acts/activities are crimes.
Describes how a person accused of a crime should be tried in court and how
crimes should be punished Civil Law- Group of laws that refer to disputes
among people or organizations.
Pleading the Fifth- Refusal to answer a question because the answer might
incriminate the person.
The right to this refusal is protected by the Fifth Amendment.
Appellate Process- The process to have a higher court review the result of a
trial court or lower court. The Supreme Court is mainly an Appeals Court
Ex Post Facto- Latin for "after the fact." Laws adopted after an act is committed
making it illegal although it was legal when done, or increases the penalty for a
crime after it is committed. Such laws are specifically prohibited by the U.S.
Constitution.
Summary Judgment- procedural device used during civil cases to promptly
dispose of a case without a trial. It is used when there is no dispute as to the
material facts of the case and a party is entitled to judgment. The purpose of
summary judgment is to avoid unnecessary trials.

SS.7.C.2.11 Analyze media and political communications (bias, symbolism,

propaganda).

Bias-An attitude that always

favors one way of feeling or
acting over any other. Not always
obvious.
Symbolism- The use of symbols
to represent ideas or qualities.
Used often in political campaigns
to sway voters.
Propaganda-Ideas used to
influence peoples thinking or
behavior. Used often in political
campaigns to sway voters.
SS.7.C.3.1 Compare different forms of government.
SS. 7.C.3.2 Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government

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Civics End of Course Review Dorsey 2015

Systems of GovernmentForms of Government

Parliamentary System of Democracy-Type of government in
Direct
Government- A system of the power to govern lies directly in the
which
democratic government in
hands of the people rather than being
which the executive branch is through their representatives
exercised
held accountable to theRepresentative Democracy-Type of
legislature (parliament). The
government in which the people elect
executive and legislative
representatives to carry on the work of the
branches are interconnected.
government for them. The United States is
Federal System of
one. Also called a republic
Government- A system of
Oligarchy-Type of government in which all
government that divides the
power belongs to a small group of people
powers of government
Socialism-Economic system where working
between the national
people own and control the means of
(federal) government and
production and distribution through
state and local governments.
democratically controlled public agencies,
The United States is a federal
cooperatives, or other collective groups. There
government.
are many varieties
Confederal System of
Communism-The economic and political
Government- A system of
system in which the government owns the
government where the states
means of production and decides what will be
have the power and the
produced.
national government is weak.
Monarchy- Type of government having a ruler
Example: Articles of
who inherits the position, may rule for life, and
Confederation
holds powers varying from very limited to total
Unitary System of Autocracy-Type of government where one
Government-A system person
of has unlimited power. North Korea is an
example
government where power is
Absolute Monarchy- Type of government in
almost entirely centralized in
which the monarch has absolute power among
a national government. Power
the people
is allowed to local Republic- Type of government in which the
governments only for people
the elect representatives to carry on the
sake of convenience. Many
work of the government for them. The United
countries (but not the States
U.S.) is one. Also called representative
have this system of democracy
government
SS.7.C.3.3 Illustrate the structure and function (three branches of government
established in Articles I, II, and III with corresponding powers) of government
in the United States as established in the Constitution.

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Article 1 of the Constitution

What are delegated powers?
Gives Congress (Legislative Branch) its
Powers that are clearly spelled out in
powers and limits. Congress
theisConstitution
the for the federal
branch of the governmentgovernment.
who can
MAKES LAWS for the country. Article
Examples of Delegated Powers
1 also creates the two sections of conducting foreign policy,
include:
Congress, the Senate andprinting
the House of
money, maintaining a post
Representatives. office, and defending the country

Article 2 of the Constitution

What are enumerated powers?
Article 2 of the Constitution makes
Powers the
granted to Congress
executive branch of the government.
by Article I, Section 8 of the
The Executive branch hasU.S. the
responsibility and authority for the
Constitution.
administration on a daily basis.
These In the
include: coining money,
United States, the executive branch is
regulating trade, making immigration
made up of the President law,
and declaring war, and funding &
executive officers. The Executive
regulating armed forces.
Branch ENFORCES LAWS
What is the Elastic Clause?
Article 3 of the Constitution
Powers that Congress has exercised
Article 3 of the Constitution creates
under a
the necessary and proper
judicial branch in the United States.
clause (also called the elastic
The Judicial branch is the clause):
court system
that INTERPRETS the law. In make
To the all Laws which shall be
United States, the judicialnecessary
branch and proper for carrying into
includes the Supreme Court and thethe foregoing Powers
Execution
lower courts. Implied Powers: Powers NOT listed
in the U.S.
Constitution

SS.7.C.3.5 Explain the constitutional

amendment process

7
 Socialist Party- Political
Party in the United States
which supports socialism
working people own and

What do I need to Review? control the means of

production and distribution
Civics End of Course Review through2015
Dorsey democratically-
controlled public agencies,
cooperatives, or other
Additional Notes: collective groups.
What is the amendment process?Two Party System- Libertarian Party- Political
party in the United States
There are 2 ways to propose a newU.S. only has two main
political parties, but hundreds that believes each
amendment: of smaller parties. individual has the right to
1.) 2/3 vote in both houses of Congress;
Smaller parties, usually, do control his or her own body,
2.) 2/3 of states can ask Congress notfor a a significant impact
have action, speech, and
national convention Testto propose a new politics, but
on national Special
have, property. Government's only
amendment Yourself at times, swayed theInterest
vote role is to help individuals
enough to help one of Group-
the defend themselves from
There are 2 ways toInratify
the major candidates to win force and fraud
amendment: modern
Communist Party-
political
1. 3/4 of state legislatures system, which issue Political party in the
represents a
2. 3/4 of special state conventions approve itbasic United States, which
disagreement between supports communism
Republicans and
It takes a long time and it is not easy to Democrats? the economic and
A. the responsibilities
gain approval and ratify a new amendment. of political system in which
government the government owns
the means of production
SS.7.C.2.8 Identify B. the frequency of national Americas current
and decides what will be
political parties, and elections illustrate their
ideas about C. the legality of the U.S. produced.
government
Constitution D. the support for Democratic
the U.S. military soldier Party-
SS.7.C.2.10 Examine the
One of the
impact of media, individuals, and
interest groups on Based on the government
two major
monitoring and
influencing system in the United States, government political
SS.7.C.3.12 Analyze which individual activity is parties in
the significance
and outcomes of used to directly influence landmarkthe United
Supreme Court legislative decisions? States.
cases including,
but not limited to A. watching political debates on Considered
the following:
television to be more
Marbury V Established the Supreme Courts Power of judicial review (deciding liberal, the
Madison B. discussing
whether politicalby
laws passed issues at work
Congress are Constitutional).
C. collecting opinions for a yearbook party
Plessy v. Separate, but equal was constitutional. Upholds state laws supports a
D. gathering signatures for a petition
Ferguson requiring segregation. stronger role
Organizations of people with common
Brown Vs Segregation for the
interests in whothetry
public schools government
to influence is unconstitutional. Reverses
federal
Board of Plessy v. Ferguson
policies and decisions. government
Education Lobbyist- A person paid to represent an in providing
Gideon Vs. interest groups
Established viewpoints
free legal help for those who cannot otherwise socialafford
Wainwright Lobbying- Seeking
representation in court to influence a politician programs
or public official on an issue
Miranda V A persons 5th Amendment rights begin at the time Republican
Public Action Committee-The part of a
Arizona of arrest. The name Miranda Rights come from Party- One of
special interest group that collects voluntary
thiscontributions
case. from members to fund political the two major
Tinker V Des Establishes
candidatestheand
extent of public
political school
parties thatstudents
the political
Moines interest group
constitutional favors
rights while at school. Specifically about parties
black in the
Watchdog-
armbands wornAtogroup of people
school who the
to protest act as United States.
war in Vietnam
protectors of other citizens against illegal, Considered to
inefficient and unethical practices in be more 8
government. They closely monitor how conservative,
things are done by politicians and draw the party
attention to anything that is not done properly supports
reducing the
What do I need to Review?
Civics End of Course Review Dorsey 2015

In re Gault Landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that held that juveniles
accused of crimes in a delinquency proceeding must be afforded
many of the same due process rights as adults
Hazelwood V Establishes that the 1st Amendment does not require schools to
Kuhlmeier promote particular types of student speech (specifically about a
school newspaper).
United States Court ruling forced President Nixon to turn over secret tapes of
V White House conversations. Due process of law more important
Nixon than executive privilege which is the right to withhold information
from other government branches.
Heller V D.C Court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual right
to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to
use that firearm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-
defense within the home

Diagram the levels, functions,

and powers of courts at the state
and federal levels.
Appeal- Apply to a higher
court for a reversal of the
decision of a lower court
Trial Court- A court that is
authorized to hear any type of
civil or criminal case.
Examples: U.S. District Courts,
Circuit
Courts, County Courts
Jurisdiction -The official
power to make legal decisions
and judgments; authority
Appellate Court -Any court
of law that is empowered to
hear an appeal of a trial court
or other lower court.
Commonly called an appeals
court or court of appeals
SS.7.C.3.10 Identify sources and types (civil, criminal, constitutional, military) of
law.

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NOTES-
Test Yourself
Which type of law is used to help solve
disputes between people or organizations?
A. civil
B. constitutional
C.criminal
D. military
What lessons did future U.S. leaders learn
from the 1974 U.S. Supreme Court case
United States
v. Nixon?
A. The president is accountable for obeying
the law.
B. The president is responsible for enforcing
the law.
C. The president is not allowed to hold secret
talks with foreign governments.
D. The president is not allowed to have
private meetings with cabinet members
How a Bill Becomes Law
1 A bill is proposed to either a Senator or Representative
.
2 The bill gets debated in a committee.
.
3 The bill gets debated in the House of Representatives. If passed, it goes to
. the Senate. If not passed, it must go back to committee or dropped.
4 The bill gets debated in the Senate. If passed, it goes to the President; if not
. passed, it goes to a committee to rewrite or drop the bill.
5 The President can
.
a. Sign the bill into law
b. Veto (reject) the bill (it then dies or goes back to Congress to override the
veto with
2/3 of the Senators and Representatives voting in favor of the
override c. Leave the bill
i. After 10 days, if Congress is in session, the bill becomes law
ii. After 10 days, if Congress is not in session, the bill dies (this is called pocket
veto)

SS.7.C.3.7 Analyze the impact of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments
on participation of minority groups in the American political process .

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Civil Rights Act of 1964- Prohibits discrimination (on the basis of race, religion,
gender, or national origin) in public accommodations, facilities, and schools.
Prohibits discrimination in federally funded projects.
Civil Rights Act of 1968-This act provided for equal housing opportunities
regardless of race, religion, gender, or national origin. Also known as the Fair
Housing Act.
13th Amendment-Outlaws slavery in all states and all lands governed by the
United States 14th Amendment-Granted full citizenship to African Americans.
States, again, citizens cannot be deprived of rights without due process of the
law. Guarantees equal protection under the law. 15th Amendment- States that
no one can be denied suffrage (right to vote) based on race or color. 19th
Amendment-Prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to
vote on the basis of gender
24th Amendment- Bans the use of poll taxes as a requirement for voting in
national elections.
Supreme Court interpretation later expands this to cover state elections as well.
26th Amendment-Lowered the voting age in all elections to 18.
Equal Rights Amendment- A proposed amendment to the United States
Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. Originally proposed
in 1923.

Technique Definition Example

Bandwagon A current trend Join Us, were sure to win!

Name-calling

Endorsement

Stacked Cards

Glittering
generalities

Just Plain Folks

Transfer

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