Afghanistan: Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey

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Government of Afghanistan
Ministry of Counter Narcotics
Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

Tel: (+43 1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43 1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org
Afghanistan
Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey
February 2007
Afghanistan Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey 2007
Abbreviations
ANP Afghan National Police

CPEF Central Poppy Eradication Force
GPS Global Positioning System
ICMP Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (UNODC)
MCN Ministry of Counter-Narcotics
ORAS Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey
RAS Research and Analysis Section (UNODC)
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Acknowledgements
The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the 2007
Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey in Afghanistan and to the preparation of this
report:
Ministry of Counter-Narcotics:
Eng Ibrahim Azhar (Director, Survey and Monitoring Section), Mir Abdullah (Deputy
Director, Survey and Monitoring Section), Khiali Jan (Survey Coordinator for the central
region), Abdul Mateen (Survey Coordinator for Nangarhar province), Abdul Latif Ehsan
(Survey Coordinator for Hirat province), Fida Mohammad (Survey Coordinator for Balkh
province), Mohammed Ishaq Anderabi (Survey Coordinator for Badakhshan province),
Ahmad Qais Aamir (Database Expert), Arzo Omid (Data Clerk), Mohammad Khyber
Wardak (Data Clerk), Mohammad Ajmal (Data Clerk).
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Kabul)

Christina Oguz (Country Representative), Hakan Demirbüken (Regional Illicit Crop
Monitoring Expert for South-West Asia and Survey Project Manager, RAS/ICMP), Shirish
Ravan (Remote Sensing and GIS Expert, RAS/ICMP), Nazir Ahmad Shah (National
Project Coordinator), Ziauddin Zaki (Data Analyst), Abdul Mannan Ahmadzai (Survey
Assistant), Fazal Mohammad Fazli (Coordinator for Kandahar province), Mohammad
Alam Ghalib (Coordinator for Nangarhar province), Altaf Hussain Joya (Coordinator for
Hirat province), Mohammed Alem Yaqubi (Coordinator for Badakhshan province), Lutfi
Rahman Lutfi (Coordinator for Balkh province), Abdul Basir Basiret (Survey Coordinator
for Nangarhar province), Abdul Jalil (Survey Coordinator for Balkh province), Abdul Qadir
Palwal (Survey Coordinator for Kandahar province), Fawad Alahi (Survey Coordinator for
Hirat province), Mohammad Rafi (Survey Coordinator for Badakhshan province),
Rahimullah Omar (Survey Coordinator for the central region), Sayed Ahmad (Regional
Survey Assistant for Kandahar province), Abdul Rahim Marikh (Regional Survey
Assistant for Nangarhar province).
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Vienna)

Anja Korenblik (Programme Manager, RAS/ICMP), Thibault le Pichon (Chief, RAS),
Martin Raithelhuber (Programme Officer, RAS/ICMP).
The Survey would not have been possible without the dedicated work of the field
surveyors. The UNODC Illicit Crop Monitoring activities in Afghanistan were made
possible by financial contributions from the Governments of the United Kingdom, Finland
and the United States of America.
1
Table of Contents
1. FINDINGS............................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. GENERAL FINDINGS................................................................................................... 6
1.2. REASONS FOR OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION....................................................... 8
1.3. CASH ADVANCES RECEIVED FOR POPPY CULTIVATION................................. 9
1.4. FAMILIES INVOLVED IN OPIUM CULTIVATION.................................................. 9
1.5. EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE......................................................................................... 10
1.6. FIELD SECURITY ....................................................................................................... 13
1.7. REASONS FOR NON-CULTIVATION OF OPIUM POPPY..................................... 13
1.8. ERADICATION............................................................................................................ 14
1.9. PRICES ......................................................................................................................... 15
1.10. CANNABIS CULTIVATION ...................................................................................... 16
2. FINDINGS BY PROVINCE ................................................................................................ 26
NORTH-EASTERN REGION ................................................................................................... 26
BADAKHSHAN PROVINCE .................................................................................................. 26
TAKHAR PROVINCE ............................................................................................................. 27
EASTERN REGION .................................................................................................................. 28
NANGARHAR PROVINCE..................................................................................................... 28
KUNAR PROVINCE ............................................................................................................... 29
NURISTAN PROVINCE ......................................................................................................... 30
NORTHERN REGION .............................................................................................................. 31
BAGHLAN PROVINCE .......................................................................................................... 31
BAMYAN PROVINCE ............................................................................................................ 31
BALKH PROVINCE ............................................................................................................... 32
FARYAB PROVINCE.............................................................................................................. 33
KUNDUZ PROVINCE............................................................................................................ 33
JAWZJAN PROVINCE ........................................................................................................... 34
SAMANGAN PROVINCE ....................................................................................................... 34
SARI PUL PROVINCE ........................................................................................................... 35
CENTRAL REGION.................................................................................................................. 36
GHAZNI PROVINCE.............................................................................................................. 36
KHOST PROVINCE ............................................................................................................... 36
LOGAR PROVINCE ............................................................................................................... 37
PAKTIKA PROVINCE............................................................................................................ 37
PAKTYA PROVINCE.............................................................................................................. 38
PARWAN PROVINCE ............................................................................................................ 38
KAPISA PROVINCE............................................................................................................... 39
WARDAK PROVINCE............................................................................................................ 39
SOUTHERN REGION ............................................................................................................... 40
KANDAHAR PROVINCE ....................................................................................................... 40
HILMAND PROVINCE .......................................................................................................... 40
URUZGAN PROVINCE.......................................................................................................... 41
ZABUL PROVINCE................................................................................................................ 42
WESTERN REGION ................................................................................................................. 43
HIRAT PROVINCE................................................................................................................. 43
FARAH PROVINCE ............................................................................................................... 43
NIMROZ PROVINCE ............................................................................................................. 44
GHOR PROVINCE ................................................................................................................. 44
BADGHIS PROVINCE ........................................................................................................... 45
3. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 46
2
Maps
Map 1: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends in 2007 (by province) ..........................18
Map 2: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends in 2007 (by district) .............................19
Map 3: Calendar of opium poppy planting in 2007...........................................................20
Map 4: Expected opium poppy flowering time in 2007.....................................................21
Map 5: Expected opium poppy harvest time in 2007 .......................................................22
Map 6: Dry opium prices (USD) .......................................................................................23
Map 7: Sampling frame and selected villages..................................................................24
Map 8: Security situation in surveyed villages..................................................................25
3
PREFACE
In most of Afghanistan opium poppy planting has been completed. While the seedlings
for the 2007 harvest have just started to grow, UNODC has assessed the likely
cultivation trends.
This Winter Survey suggests that opium cultivation in Afghanistan in 2007 may not be
lower than the record harvest of 165,000 hectares in 2006, although trends may vary
among provinces.
Significant decreases are expected in the North. This welcome news is the result of
several initiatives aimed at providing farmers and local leaders with incentives to switch
to licit livelihoods.
The situation is worse in Afghanistan’s richly fertile yet highly unstable southern
provinces. Bear in mind that this region accounted for more than 50 per cent of all opium
cultivated in Afghanistan last year.
This Survey looks at reasons why farmers decide to grow opium, or not. Evidence shows
that villages that have received assistance are less likely to grow opium. Since this not a
new finding, it would be desirable to build on this evidence by making Afghanistan the
best example of how poppy cultivation can be countered by greater development
assistance.
There is some good news on this front. A Good Performance Fund was recently
established to reward provinces demonstrating significant progress towards becoming
opium free. The goal for 2007 is to double the number of opium-free provinces from six to
twelve. That will create an opium-free belt across the middle of the country so as to
concentrate later efforts to combat crime and insurgency in the South.
The results also show clear correlations between insurgency and illicit drug-related
activities. While this is not new, Afghanistan seems to be the most obvious case in the
world of how drug cultivation, refining and trafficking fund political violence, and vice
versa.
Using the results of this assessment, district and provincial authorities are now alerted
about opium cultivation trends in their jurisdiction. This Survey helps authorities put
names and places together in order to improve transparency and accountability. The
government and other stakeholders can now better target eradication efforts as well as
reward areas that are opium free. Over time this will contribute to winning back
Afghanistan from the drug lords, province by province.
While opium attracts most attention, this report raises a new and disturbing trend: a
significant increase in cannabis cultivation. The last thing we need is for Afghanistan to
switch from one drug to another or – worse – to become a world leader in cannabis as
well as opium production.
Antonio Maria Costa

Executive Director
UNODC
4
5
1. FINDINGS
1.1. GENERAL FINDINGS
Opium poppy cultivation trends
The Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey (ORAS) forecasts the following cultivation
trends in 2007:
x An increase in cultivation in 15 provinces, mainly in the South, East and West;
x A decrease in cultivation in seven provinces, mainly in the North and North-East;
x No change in six provinces, mainly in the North and North-East;
x No poppy cultivation in six provinces, mainly in the central region.
Overall, opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan is likely to increase in 2007. However,

effective countrywide eradication may alter this trend.
Table 1: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends in 2007
Cultivation trend No. of

Region Provinces
in 2007 provinces
Uruzgan, Zabul, Hilmand, Kandahar, Day
South 6
Kundi
Increase
West 3 Nimroz, Hirat, Badghis
(15 provinces)
East 3 Nangarhar, Kunar Laghman
Central 3 Kabul, Kapisa, Khost, Ghazni
West 1 Ghor
Decrease North 5 Balkh, Saripul, Samangan Bamyan, Jawzan
(7 provinces)
North-East 1 Badakhshan
West 1 Farah
No change North 2 Faryab, Baghlan
(6 provinces)
North-East 2 Takhar, Kunduz
East 1 Nuristan
Opium poppy-free Panjshir, Parwan, Wardak, Logar, Paktya,
Central 6
(6 provinces) Paktika
In 2006, opium poppy cultivation increased in 13 provinces, decreased in eight provinces

and remained at the same level in seven provinces; six provinces were found to be opium
poppy-free (Annual Opium Survey 2006 Report, UNODC). The 2006 ORAS pointed to an
increase in cultivation, which was confirmed by survey results reported in August 2006. A
total area of 165,000 hectares was under opium poppy cultivation in 2006, which
represents an increase of 59 per cent as compared to 2005. That increase was chiefly
attributable to large-scale poppy cultivation in the South, particularly in the Hilmand
province. A decrease in cultivation was observed in the northern provinces in 2006.
The 2007 ORAS indicates a decrease in poppy cultivation in the North and North-East,
but an increase in the main opium poppy-growing areas of the southern provinces, which
may result in an overall increase in opium poppy cultivation in 2007.
However, these trends may be affected by the eradication campaign. While the
Government and international stakeholders remain committed to eradication, few
6
eradication activities had been reported in the provinces of Nimroz, Farah, Nangarhar,
Laghman and Badakhshan by mid-January 2007 (only 653 ha of crops had been
eradicated). To date, no eradication activities have been implemented in the northern and
southern provinces.
The 2007 ORAS highlights the following key cultivation trends as compared to 2006:
x A sharp increase in cultivation in the provinces of Nangarhar, Kunar and Uruzgan;
x A sharp decrease in the northern provinces (Balkh, Samangan, Saripul) and in
Ghor;
x An increase in the Hilmand and Kandahar provinces;
x Six provinces continue to be poppy-free.
Alfalfa in Nangarhar province Wheat in Nangarhar province
Opium poppy in Nangarhar province Vegetables in Nangarhar province
In Hilmand and Zabul, 100 per cent of respondents in surveyed villages believed that
poppy would be cultivated in those villages. A significantly high proportion of respondents
in Kandahar (93 per cent), Uruzgan (88 per cent), Farah (86 per cent), Badakhshan (67
per cent) and Nangarhar (67 per cent) indicated likewise. While Ghazni province was
poppy-free in 2006, the ORAS forecasts that 13 per cent of surveyed villages in the
province will cultivate poppy in 2007.
Additional opium poppy crops could be sown in upland areas of the northern and central
provinces before mid-March, particularly in rain-fed areas, potentially leading to a further
increase in opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan. In 2007, rainfall and water availability
7
are expected to be extremely good throughout Afghanistan, which may result in good
opium poppy yields.
Table 2: Cultivation levels from 2004 to 2006 and expected trends in 2007
PROVINCE Cultivation Cultivation Cultivation Change 2005- Change 2005- 2007 Cultivation
2004 (ha) 2005 (ha) 2006 (ha) 2006 (ha) 2006 (%) trend
Kabul 282 0 80 80 100% Increase

Khost 838 0 133 133 100% Increase
Logar 24 0 0 0 0% Poppy free
Paktya 1,200 0 0 0 0% Poppy free
Panjshir 0 0 0 0 0% Poppy free
Parwan 1,310 0 124 124 100% Poppy free
Wardak 1,017 106 0 -106 -100% Poppy free
Ghazni 62 0 0 0 0% Increase
Paktika 0 0 0 0 0% Poppy free
Central Region 4,733 106 337 231 218%
Kapisa 522 115 282 167 145% Increase
Kunar 4,366 1,059 932 -127 -12% Strong increase
Laghman 2,756 274 710 436 159% Increase
Nangarhar 28,213 1,093 4,872 3,779 346% Strong increase
Nuristan 764 1,554 1,516 -38 -2% Stable
Eastern Region 36,621 4,095 8,312 4,217 103%
Badakhshan 15,607 7,370 13,056 5,686 77% Decrease
Takhar 762 1,364 2,178 814 60% Stable
North Eastern Region 16,369 8,734 15,234 6,500 74%
Badghis 614 2,967 3,205 238 8% Increase
Baghlan 2,444 2,563 2,742 179 7% Stable
Balkh 2,495 10,837 7,232 -3,605 -33% Strong Decrease
Bamyan 803 126 17 -109 -87% Strong Decrease
Faryab 3,249 2,665 3,040 375 14% Stable
Jawzjan 1,673 1,748 2,024 276 16% Decrease
Kunduz 224 275 102 -173 -63% Stable
Samangan 1,151 3,874 1,960 -1,914 -49% Strong Decrease
Sari Pul 1,974 3,227 2,252 -975 -30% Strong Decrease
Northern Region 14,627 28,282 22,574 -5,708 -20%
Hilmand 29,353 26,500 69,324 42,824 162% Increase
Kandahar 4,959 12,989 12,619 -370 -3% Increase
Uruzgan 11,080 2,024 9,703 7,679 379% Strong increase
Zabul 2,977 2,053 3,210 1,157 56% Increase
Day kundi N/A 2,581 7,044 4,463 173% Increase
Southern Region 48,369 46,147 101,900 55,753 121%
Farah 2,288 10,240 7,694 -2,546 -25% Stable
Ghor 4,983 2,689 4,679 1,990 74% Strong Decrease
Hirat 2,531 1,924 2,287 363 19% Increase
Nimroz 115 1,690 1,955 265 16% Increase
Western Region 9,917 16,543 16,615 72 0%
Total (rounded) 131,000 104,000 165,000 61,000 59% Overall Increase
1.2. REASONS FOR OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION
According to respondents, the high sale price of opium is the main reason for poppy
cultivation. For one hectare of opium poppy, farmers can earn nearly 10 times more than
cereal crop (Afghanistan Annual Opium Survey 2006 Report, UNODC).
8
Table 3: Reasons for opium poppy cultivation in 2007

Percentage of
Reasons for opium poppy cultivation
respondents
High sale price of opium 26.2%
Poverty alleviation (provision of basic food and shelter) 20.5%
Lack of land 14.3%
High cost of financing a family wedding 14.1%
No aid received from the Government or other sources 12.9%
Possibility of obtaining a loan 7.3%
Demand among addicts 2.3%
Lack of water during summer 1.7%
External pressure (e.g., from a drug trader or local commander) 0.5%
Unemployment 0.1%
Total 100%
It is interesting to note, by way of comparison, that in 2006, poverty alleviation (provision

of basic food and shelter) was the most commonly cited reason for opium poppy
cultivation (37 per cent of respondents), while 20 per cent of respondents cited lack of aid
from the Government or other sources.
1.3. CASH ADVANCES RECEIVED FOR POPPY CULTIVATION
Villages in the Badakhshan, Hilmand, Uruzgan, Laghman, Logar, Farah, Khost and Kunar
provinces reported that they had received cash advances from drug traffickers to grow
opium poppy. The ORAS indicates that 32 per cent of the opium poppy-growing villages
received such advances.
Table 4: Cash advances by province in 2007

Advance received
No advance Advance
Province Total (percentage of
received received
respondents)
Khost 0 2 2 100%
Uruzgan 11 18 29 62%
Badakhshan 8 12 20 60%
Hilmand 14 14 28 50%
Laghman 4 4 8 50%
Nangarhar 10 8 18 44%
Zabul 12 7 19 37%
Kunar 4 2 6 33%
Farah 10 2 12 17%
Kandahar 25 2 27 7%
Total 150 71 221 32%
1.4. FAMILIES INVOLVED IN OPIUM CULTIVATION
ORAS results indicate that 13 per cent of families in surveyed villages are involved in
opium cultivation. This figure is consistent with the findings of the 2006 Annual Opium
Survey. The corresponding percentage for the southern provinces is strikingly high,
closely followed by that for the eastern provinces. A high proportion of families are
9
reported to be involved in opium cultivation in the following provinces: Hilmand

(88 per cent), Zabul (86 per cent), Uruzgan (64 per cent), Nangarhar (52 per cent), Farah
(39 per cent), Kandahar (31 per cent), Laghman (29 per cent) and Nuristan (26 per cent).
While Nuristan was not a opium poppy-growing province until 2005, surveyors report that
farmers in the province are increasingly turning to opium poppy cultivation.
1.5. EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
Of the 508 villages visited, 451 received external assistance (89 per cent). A total of 828
assistance activities were reported in those 451 villages. The fact that 42 per cent of
villages that had received external assistance cultivated poppy, as compared to 50 per
cent of those that had not, suggests that external assistance has a direct effect on the
extent of opium poppy cultivation.
An analysis of the link between external assistance and poppy cultivation by region
appears to confirm that villages that have not received assistance are more likely to
cultivate opium poppy. However, in certain regions, a significant number of villages have
cultivated opium poppy despite having received external assistance: 94 per cent of
villages in the South, 53 per cent in the North-East, 51 per cent in the East and 34 per
cent in the West. Only six per cent of villages in the central region cultivated opium poppy
after receiving external assistance. These figures indicate the degree to which the various
regions respond to assistance received by curbing opium poppy cultivation.
Table 5: External assistance by village

Region Assistance No. of villages % of villages cultivating
received poppy despite having
No opium Opium received assistance
poppy poppy
cultivation cultivation
Central Yes 96 6 6%
East No 0 2
Yes 35 37 51%
North-East No 9 6
Yes 15 17 53%
North No 15 10
Yes 50 7 12%
South No 0 6
Yes 6 97 94%
West No 3 3
Yes 56 29 34%
The table below sets out the type of assistance received by villages and the bodies
engaged in providing assistance.
10
Table 6: Distribution of external assistance activities in 2006

Assistance United
Government NGOs Unknown USAID Total %
received Nations
Medical (including
226 32 154 3 1 416 50.2%
vaccinations)
Construction
63 40 15 3 15 136 16.4%
(road/other)
Agricultural inputs
63 27 10 3 9 112 13.5%
(including fertilizers)
Education 57 25 6 1 3 92 11.1%
Off-farm employment
19 3 9 1 32 3.9%
opportunities
Irrigation structure 8 3 3 15 1.8%
Electricity 6 7 13 1.6%
Drinking water 2 3 5 0.6%
Supply of tools to
self-employed 2 2 4 0.5%
persons
Food 1 1 0.1%
Materials for those
1 1 0.1%
affected by floods
Refugee shelters 1 1 0.1%
Total 447 144 198 10 29 828 100.0%
In the villages visited, 23 per cent of assistance activities were provided by the United
Nations. Agricultural assistance has decreased to 13.8 per cent as compared to 18 per
cent in 2005. The number of assistance activities routed through the Government has
increased since 2005: in 2006, the Government provided 53 per cent of assistance, as
compared to 40 per cent in 2005.
11
Table 7: Counter-Narcotics Trust Fund projects by province (as of 29 Nov. 2006)*
Province/ Residential Councelling/ Mushroom Fruit No. of

Project Mycro-hydro treatment treatment production Greenhouses Roads/ Roads/ Honey- Flood orchards and Drought Irrigation projects per
approved power plants centre services (Pilot) (Pilot) bridges bridges Silkworm bees protection check dams appeal system province
Badakhshan Badakhshan Badakhshan 2
Badghis Badghis Badghis 2
Baghlan Baghlan Baghlan Baghlan Baghlan Baghlan 5
Balkh Balkh Balkh Balkh Balkh Balkh 5
Bamyan Bamyan Bamyan 2
Day Kundi
Farah Farah Farah Farah 3
Faryab Faryab Faryab Faryab 3
Ghazni Ghazni Ghazni 2
Ghor Ghor Ghor 2
Hilmand
Hirat Hirat Hirat Hirat 3
Jawzjan Jawzjan Jawzjan Jawzjan Jawzjan 4
Kabul Kabul 1
Kandahar Kandahar 1
Kapisa
Khost
Kunar Kunar Kunar 2
Kunduz Kunduz Kunduz Kunduz Kunduz 4
Laghman Laghman 1
Logar
Nangarhar Nangarhar Nangarhar Nangarhar Nangarhar Nangarhar Nangarhar 6
Nimroz Nimroz 1
Nuristan Nuristan Nuristan 2
Panjshir
Paktika
Paktya Paktya 1
Parwan
Samangan Samangan Samangan Samangan 3
Sari Pul Sari Pul Sari Pul Sari Pul 3
Takhar Takhar Takhar Takhar 3
Uruzgan
Wardak
Zabul
Budget 1.5 mill

approved (up to 4
(in US$) 2.5 mill 360,000 935,000 130,000 1.4 mill 5.3 mill 650,000 500,000 600,000 300,000 1.2 mill mill.) 240,000 15.6 mill
* The information presented in this table is not a finding of the Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey.
1.6. FIELD SECURITY
Security was good in most provinces during the Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey.
However, it was a general concern in most areas of Hilmand, Uruzgan, Kandahar,
Ghazni, Khost, Paktika, Zabul, Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar and Farah. This situation
may worsen as the opium poppy flowering or harvesting period approaches, since most
of these areas report that villagers and certain groups are prepared to resist eradication.
Such resistance has already been encountered in Nangarhar province.
The survey indicates that approximately 79 per cent of villages with poor security and 63
per cent villages with very poor security are involved in poppy cultivation, as compared to
only 22 per cent of villages with good security. There is a strong link between security
conditions and opium poppy cultivation in the southern provinces. Drug traffickers and
criminal groups are encouraging villagers to grow opium poppy, particularly in the
Hilmand province, giving villagers guarantees for the protection of land on which opium
poppy is cultivated and in some areas using threats and intimidation to force those
farmers that have not yet cultivated opium poppy to do so.
Table 8: Security situation in surveyed villages
Security No. of villages % villages cultivating

situation No opium poppy Opium poppy opium poppy
cultivation cultivation
Poor 21 79 79%
Very poor 11 19 63%
Very good 152 42 22%
1.7. REASONS FOR NON-CULTIVATION OF OPIUM POPPY
The main reason cited for non-cultivation of opium poppy was the belief that opium poppy
cultivation is against Islam (24 per cent of respondents). Other major reasons given were
respect for the decisions of the Shura (village council) and the Government’s ban on
opium poppy cultivation. Fear of eradication plays a major role in non-cultivation in areas
where eradication has been effective in past years.
Table 9: Reasons for non-cultivation of opium poppy in 2007

Reasons for non-cultivation of poppy Percentage
Believed to be against Islam 24%
Respect for decisions taken by village elders or Shura 20%
Observance of poppy cultivation ban 18%
Fear of eradication 16%
Fear of other forms of law enforcement (e.g. imprisonment) 9%
Provision of assistance 3%
Lack of water 2%
Low sale price of opium 2%
Low demand for opium 1%
High cost of inputs (seed, fertilizers, labour, etc) 1%
Unfavourable weather 1%
Lack of experience 1%
Not traditional 1%
Fear of addiction 1%
13
The number of responses received for each of the above reasons was consistent with
those given in 2006 (Afghanistan Annual Opium Survey 2006 Report, UNODC).
1.8. ERADICATION
The Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey did not assess the implementation of the
eradication campaign, but collected general information on eradication activities in areas
visited.
Eradication in Muhmand Dara district of Eradication in Baharak district of Badakhshan

Nangarhar province province
Of the 508 villages surveyed, only 38 had cultivated opium poppy in spite of eradication
activities in 2006, whereas 184 villages where eradication measures had not been
implemented had cultivated opium poppy. Twenty-two villages have responded to
eradication activities in 2006 by desisting from poppy cultivation in 2007.
Table 10: Eradication in 2006 vis-à-vis opium poppy cultivation in 2007
No. of villages % of villages

Eradication in
No opium poppy Opium poppy cultivating
2006
cultivation cultivation opium poppy
No 260* 184* 41%
Yes 22 38 63%
*Includes villages where poppy was not cultivated in 2006
The awareness campaign against poppy cultivation was conducted in many areas of
Afghanistan in October and November 2006. Of the 126 villages targeted by the
campaign, only 36 villages have cultivated poppy. However, almost 50 per cent of the
337 villages not included in the campaign have opted for poppy cultivation.
14
Table 11: Impact of the opium poppy prevention campaign
No. of villages % villages cultivating

Prevention
No opium poppy Opium Poppy opium poppy after
campaign
cultivation cultivation campaign
No 191 186 49%
Yes 90 36 29%
Regional results indicate that the awareness campaign was highly successful in the
northern, central and western provinces, where approximately 90 per cent of villages
have not cultivated poppy since the campaign period. The campaign has had mixed
success in the East and North-East, where 50 per cent of villages continue to cultivate
poppy. In the South, the campaign has had little impact (only four villages have
responded positively).
Table 12: Impact of the opium poppy prevention campaign by region
No. of villages Total % of villages

Campaign
Region no. of cultivating opim
conducted No Yes villages poppy
Central No 89 5 94 5%
Yes 7 1 8 13%
East No 28 32 60 53%
Yes 7 7 14 50%
North-East No 11 8 19 42%
Yes 10 15 25 60%
North No 23 15 38 39%
Yes 41 3 44 7%
South No 6 99 105 94%
Yes 4 4 100%
West No 34 27 61 44%
Yes 25 6 31 19%
UNODC is verifying Governor-led eradication activities and providing all stakeholders with
regular updates on the status of those activities. At the time of drafting this report (15
January 2007), 653 hectares of poppy crops had been eradicated in the Nimroz, Farah,
Nangarhar, Laghman and Badakhshan provinces.
1.9. PRICES
In addition to the monthly collection of price information for key provinces, the 2007
ORAS collected price information in all 508 villages surveyed. The average farm-gate
prices of dry opium (as at the time of the survey) were in line with the monthly price
report. An overview of dry opium prices by province shows that prices are higher in the
southern, western and eastern provinces, while generally lower in the northern provinces.
Prices are higher in Kabul (province), Khost, Nangarhar and Nimroz owing to the
strategic location of these provinces along the trafficking route and/or to strong law
enforcement. Overall, opium prices have been conspicuously stable in 2006, and did not
decrease as much as one could have expected after the 49% production increase in
2006.
15
Farmers in Afghanistan usually cultivate crops twice a year in irrigated areas, typically
growing maize, rice, vegetables or cotton following the opium poppy or wheat harvest.
Some grow cannabis following the first harvest during the summer. None of Afghanistan’s
agricultural products can currently match per hectare income from opium poppy, which is
estimated at USD 4,900.
Figure 1: Average farm-gate prices for dry opium (USD/kg)
250
222
200
187
180
170 171
167
161 161 159
154 152
Price in (USD/Kg)
147 150 149

150 145 145
139 141 140 140 141 139
137 134 136 133
123 125
100
50
0
May
May
Mar
Apr
Mar
Apr
Aug
Aug
Oct
Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Sep
Jan
Feb
Jun
Sep
Jan
Feb
Jun
Sep
Dec
Dec
Dec
Month
Source: UNODC Monthly Opium Price Report for Afghanistan, December 2006
1.10. CANNABIS CULTIVATION
A greater number of villages are reporting cannabis cultivation than in 2006: of the 508
villages surveyed for the 2007 ORAS, 13 per cent reported cannabis cultivation, whereas
the corresponding figure in the 2006 ORAS was only six per cent. Of the villages
surveyed, cannabis cultivation was reported in Zabul (74 per cent), Kandahar (62 per
cent), Farah (43 per cent), Paktya (33 per cent), Hilmand (29 per cent), Badghis (17 per
cent), Logar (17 per cent), Nangarhar (11 per cent), Balkh (11 per cent) and Badakhshan
(10 per cent). Small-scale cultivation of cannabis has also been reported in the Takhar,
Uruzgan, Baghlan and Hirat provinces.
16
According to the 2006 Afghanistan Annual Opium Survey, an estimated 50,000 ha of

cannabis crops were cultivated in Afghanistan in 2006, as compared to 30,000 ha in
2005. Data obtained from the field indicated a sharp increase in cannabis cultivation in
2006, particularly in the southern provinces and in some areas of Nangarhar and Paktya.
Cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan is expected to increase in 2007.
17
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends (by province)
UZBEKISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
Fayz Abad
13056
!
TURKMENISTAN Jawzjan Mazar-E-Sharif 102
Takhar
! Badakhshan
2024 Kunduz
7232 2178
3040
Balkh
Samangan
Sari Pul Baghlan
Faryab 1960
2742
2252 Panjshir Nuristan
Badghis
282 0
1516 932
3205 124
Bamyan Parwan KapisaLaghman
80 Kunar
17 710
!
2287 Wardak Kabul !
! 4872
Jalalabad
0
Ghor 7044 0 Nangarhar Peshwar
Hirat 4679 Logar
0
Day Kundi
INDIA
Ghazni Paktya Khost
133
0
Legend
Uruzgan
9703 Paktika Poppy free
Farah
Zabul
!
7694 0 Strong Decrease (Above 50%)
3210
Decrease (Between 10% to 50%)
69324
Stable (Between 0 to 10%)

!
PAKISTAN Increase (Between 10% and 50%)

12619
1955 Strong increase (Above 50%)

IRAN Kandahar
Hilmand
Nimroz ! Main Cities
International boundaries
¯
Quetta
Provincial boundaries
0 50 100
Kilometers
Geographic Projection 2006 Cultivation level (ha)
Datum: WGS 84
Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assesment Survey, 2007 (http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crop_monitoring.html)
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends (by district)
Darwaz
UZBEKISTAN Khwahan
TAJIKISTAN
Ragh Shighnan
Darqad Chah Ab
Khamyab Qarqin Shahri Buzur Fayz Abad
Shortepa Yangi Qala
Mingajik
Khani Chahar Mardyan Kaldar Imam Sahib Khwaja GharRustaq Fayz Abad
!
TURKMENISTAN Andkhoy Jawzjan Dawlat Abad
Mazar-E-Sharif Archi Takhar
Baharak Wakhan
Khwaja Du Ko Qalay-I- Zal
Chahar BolakBalkh Nahri Shahi
Kunduz Ishkashim
Qaramqol
AqchaFayz Abad !Mazari Shari Khulm
Taluqan Kalafgan Badakhshan
Dihdadi
Chimtal
Marmul Chahar DaraKunduz Bangi Kishim
Dawlat Abad
Legend
Shibirghan Jurm
Chahar Kint
Hazrati Sultan Ali Abad Chal Farkhar
Balkh Aybak
Baghlani Jad Ishkamish
Zebak
Sari Pul
Shirin Tagab
Darzab Sayyad Sozma Qala
Sholgara
Samangan Baghlan
Burka
Warsaj Cultivation trend as compared
Almar
Khwaja SabzMaymana
Sari Pul Kishindih Khuram Wa Sabagh Baghlan Khost Wa Firing to 2006
Dara-I- Suf Nahrin Kuran Wa Munjan
Ghormach
Faryab Bilchiragh
Sangcharak Dahana-I- Ghori
Bargi Matal
Qaysar Pashtun Kot No data
Murghab
Balkhab
Ruyi Du Ab Dushi Panjshir
Andarab
Nuristan
Khinjan
Badghis Kohistan
Kohistanat Hisa-I-Awali
Mandol Wama Kamdesh No poppy cultivation
Kahmard
Tala Wa Barfak SalangPanjsherHisa-I-Duwum Nari
Muqur Waygal
Dawlat Shah Bar Kunar
Gulran Ab Kamari
Yakawlang Shinwari
Ghorband
Kapisa Alasay Nuristan Asad Abad Strong decrease
Kushk Shibar Shekh Ali Nijrab
Qalay-I- Naw
Qadis
Jawand Bamyan Parwan
Bagram Laghman Pech Dangam
Bamyan Istalif
Kushki Kuhna Surkhi Parsa Guldara
Kohi SafiTagab Alishing Alingar
Kunar Sirkanay Decrease
Kohsan Chaghcharan Dih Sabz Mihtarlam
Lal Wa Sarja Hisa-I- Awali BihsudJalrez NurgalChawkay
Injil Karukh Paghman! Surobi Qarghayi
Zinda Jan
Panjab
Wardak Kabul
Bagrami ! KamaGoshta
Khas Kunar No change
Hirat Obe Chishti Shar Markazi Bihs Nirkh
! Khaki JabbarHisarakJalalabad Lal Pur
Day Mirdad Rodat
Guzara
Pashtun Zarghun
Ghor Waras Muhammad Agh Sherzad Shinwar
Peshwar Increase
Ghoryan Shahrak Chaki Wardak
Puli AlamKhushi
Azra Nangarhar
Khogyani Dur Baba
Tulak Day Kundi !
JajiChamkani Dih BalaAchin
Farsi Sayd Logar
Abad
Lija Mangal Strong increase
Adraskan Hirat Shahristan Jaghatu Jani Khel
Pasaband Day Kundi
Nawur
Zana Khan
Charkh Sayid Karam
Gardez
SabariBakJaji Maydan INDIA
Saghar Bahrami Shah Khost ! Main Cities
Taywara
Kijran
Ajristan Ghazni GhazniDih Yak Paktya
Gizab Musa Khel Tere Zayi
Malistan Andar Zurmat Jadran
Shamal Khost(Matun) International boundaries
Shindand Mata Khan
Pur Chaman Jaghuri Qarabagh ZirukSpera Tani Gurbuz
Khas Uruzgan
Giro SharanSar Hawza Provincial boundaries
Anar Dara Baghran Shahidi Hass Uruzgan MuqurAb Band Omna
UrgunGayan
Chora Sarobi Nahrin Warsaj
Khaki Safed
Bala Buluk
Tirin Kot
Daychopan Gelan Zarghun Shah
Paktika
Eastern zoneKhost Wa Firing
Farah Gulistan
Musa Qala
Dihrawud Arghandab
Dila
Barmal
Kuran Wa Munjan Bargi Matal
Pusht Rod
Naw Zad Kajaki Zabul Shahjoy
Qalay-I-Kah ! Nesh Gomal
Bakwa Nawa Andarab
Farah
Qalat Hisa-I-Awali
Shib Koh Shah Wali Ko Mizan
Washer Ghorak
Sangin Khakrez Kamdesh
Tarnak Wa Ja Shinkay Shamulzayi Mandol Wama
Nahri Sarraj Waza Khwa Wor Mamay
Lash Wa Juwa Arghandab Panjsher
Khash Rod Atghar
Hisa-I-Duwum Nari
Maywand ! Waygal
Nad Ali Kandahar Arghistan Bar Kunar
Lashkar Gah Maruf Kohistan
Naway i Barakzayi
Kang Daman Koh Band Nijrab Nuristan
Dawlat Shah Asad Abad
Dangam
Chakhansur Panjwayi PAKISTAN Bagram Alasay Chapa Dara Pech
Spin Boldak Marawara
Kohi Safi Tagab Alishing
IRAN Zaranj
Reg
Kandahar
Alingar Narang
Chawkay Sirkanay
Hilmand Dih Sabz Mihtarlam
Dara-I-NurNurgal
Khas Kunar
Nimroz Surobi Qarghayi
Kuz Kunar
Garmser Bagrami Goshta
Jalal!AbadKama
Chahar Burja Shorabak Surkh Rod
Quetta Khaki Jabbar
¯
Reg
! Hisarak Chaparhar Lal Pur
Rodat Bati Kot
Dishu Sherzad
ShinwarMuhmand Dara
0 50 100 Azra
Khogyani
Nazyan
Pachir Wa Agam
Kilometers Dih Bala Achin Dur Baba
!
Khushi
Geographic Projection Jaji
Datum: WGS 84 Lija Mangal
Sayid Karam ChamkaniDand Wa Pata
Jaji Maydan
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Opium planting calendar
Darwaz
UZBEKISTAN
Khwahan
TAJIKISTAN
Shighnan
Ragh
Darqad Chah Ab
Khamyab Qarqin Shahri Buzur
Shortepa Yangi Qala Fayz Abad
TURKMENISTAN Khani Chahar Kaldar Imam Sahib #
Fayz Abad
Andkhoy MingajikMardyan Dawlat Abad
Khwaja Du Ko
Balkh
Nahri Shahi Qalay-I- Zal Archi
Khwaja Ghar Rustaq Baharak
Wakhan
Badakhshan
Qaramqol Jawzjan Balkh
Mazar-E-Sharif Kunduz Taluqan
Kalafgan
Ishkashim
Aqcha
Chimtal
#
Marmul
Khulm Chahar DaraKunduzBangi Takhar Kishim
Dawlat Abad Shibirghan Fayz Abad Dihdadi Jurm
Chahar Kint
Hazrati Sultan Ali Abad Chal Farkhar
Baghlani Jad Ishkamish
Shirin Tagab Sholgara Zebak
Sari Pul Aybak Burka
Baghlan
Faryab Darzab Sayyad Sozma Qala Khuram Wa Sabagh
Puli Khumri Nahrin Khost Wa Firing
Warsaj
Legend
Almar
Khwaja SabzMaymana
Sangcharak
Kishindih Samangan Kuran Wa Munjan Planting Dates
Dara-I- Suf Dahana-I- Ghori
Ghormach Pashtun KotBilchiragh Bargi Matal
Qaysar
Sari Pul Balkhab
Ruyi Du Ab Dushi Baghlan Andarab Hisa-I-Awali No data
Murghab
Kohistan Kohistanat
Khinjan
Panjshir Mandol
Wama
Kamdesh
September
Tala Wa Barfak SalangPanjsher Nari
Kahmard
Gulran
Muqur
Badghis Shinwari Nuristan
Dawlat Shah
Nijrab
Waygal
Bar Kunar October
Kushk
Ab Kamari
Jawand Yakawlang
Parwan Kapisa
Shibar Shekh Ali Nuristan PechAsad Abad
Dangam November
Qalay-I- Naw
Qadis
Bamyan
Ghorband Bagram Kunar
Alishing Alingar
Marawara
Kohsan
Kushki Kuhna
Chaghcharan Bamyan Surkhi Parsa
Paghman
Dih Sabz Laghman
Kohi Safi
Tagab Nurgal Narang
Chawkay
Sirkanay December
Lal Wa Sarja Mihtarlam
Zinda Jan
Injil Karukh
Panjab
Hisa-I- Awali Bihsud
Kabul
Jalrez # Surobi
#
Qarghayi GoshtaKhas Kunar March
Chishti Shar NirkhKabul Khaki Jabbar
#
Hirat Obe Markazi Bihs Sherzad RodatJalalabad
Wardak Hisarak
Lal Pur
October/March
Hirat Pashtun Zarghun Shahrak Waras Day Mirdad
Muhammad Agh
Azra Nangarhar Peshwar
Ghoryan
Guzara Tulak Ghor Day Kundi
Chaki Wardak
Logar Jaji KhogyaniDih BalaAchin Dur Baba #
October/February
Farsi Sayd Abad Puli AlamKhushi Pachir Wa Agam
November/March
Adraskan Day Kundi Shahristan Nawur Jaghatu
Charkh
Sayid Karam
Pasaband Zana Khan Paktya Jani Khel

BakJaji Maydan # Main Cities
Saghar Taywara Bahrami ShahGhazni Gardez
Ajristan
Kijran Gizab
Malistan
Dih Yak
Zurmat
Jadran Khost Tere Zayi International boundaries
Shindand
Pur Chaman
Ghazni Andar Mata Khan Shamal
NikaZirukSpera Tani Gurbuz
Khost(Matun)
Jaghuri Qarabagh Sharan
Giro Sar Hawza
Anar Dara Baghran Shahidi Hass Chora Khas Uruzgan UrgunGayan
MuqurAb Band
Omna
Bala Buluk Uruzgan Sarobi
Eastern
Hisa-I-Awali Kamdesh
Panjsher Afghanistan
Daychopan Gelan Zarghun Shah
Khaki Safed Gulistan Arghandab Barmal Mandol Wama
Dihrawud Tirin Kot Nari
Musa Qala Dila Hisa-I-Duwum Waygal Bar Kunar
Qalay-I-Kah
Pusht Rod
# Farah Naw Zad Kajaki
Nesh
Shahjoy Paktika
Bakwa Nawa Gomal KohistanKoh Band
Shib Koh
Farah
Washer Shah Wali Ko Mizan
Zabul Nijrab
Dawlat Shah Nuristan Asad Abad
Qalat Waza Khwa Mahmud Raqi
Sangin Ghorak Khakrez Dangam
Shamulzayi Bagram Chapa Dara Pech
Tarnak Wa Ja Shinkay Wor Mamay Alasay
Nahri Sarraj Arghandab
Lash Wa Juwa Khash Rod Atghar Marawara
Tagab Alishing Alingar Narang
# Kohi Safi
Nad Ali Maywand Kandahar Arghistan Chawkay Sirkanay
Lashkar Gah Maruf Dara-I-NurNurgal
Naway i Barakzayi Mihtarlam
Kang Daman
Dih Sabz Khas Kunar
Chakhansur Hilmand Panjwayi Spin Boldak
Bagrami
Surobi Qarghayi
Kuz Kunar
IRAN Kandahar Jalal Abad Kama Goshta

Zaranj
Nimroz Reg PAKISTAN Surkh Rod
Khaki Jabbar Lal Pur
Hisarak Chaparhar Bati Kot
Rodat
Sherzad
Muhammad Agh Khogyani ShinwarMuhmand Dara
Garmser Azra Nazyan
Pachir Wa Agam
Chahar Burja Shorabak Dih Bala Dur Baba
Quetta
¯
Reg Achin
# Khushi Jaji
Dishu
0 50 100 Puli Alam Dand Wa Pata
Kilometers Lija MangalChamkani
Sayid Karam
INDIA
Geographic Projection
Datum: WGS 84 Jani Khel Jaji Maydan
Gardez Musa KhelSabari
Bak
Shwak Qalandar
Source:MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007 (http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crop_monitoring.html)
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Expected opium poppy flowering time J S
UZBEKISTAN Darwaz
Khwahan
TAJIKISTAN
Ragh Shighnan
Darqad Chah Ab
Khamyab Shahri Buzurg
Qarqin Shortepa Yangi Qala
Khani Chahar Bagh Kaldar !
Fayz Abad
Mingajik Imam Sahib Khwaja GharRustaq Fayz Abad Badakhshan
TURKMENISTAN Andkhoy
Khwaja Du Koh Mardyan
Dawlat Abad
Archi
Baharak
Wakhan
Nahri Shahi Qalay-I- Zal
Qaramqol JawzjanFayz Abad Kunduz Kunduz
Taluqan Ishkashim
Aqcha Balkh !Mazar-E-Sharif
Marmul Khulm Chahar Dara Khan Abad
TakharKalafgan Kishim
Dawlat Abad Shibirghan Bangi Jurm
Chimtal Hazrati Sultan
Chahar Kint Baghlani JadidAli Abad Chal Farkhar
Sari Pul Sholgara Ishkamish
Shirin Tagab Aybak Baghlan Burka Zebak
DarzabSayyad Sozma Qala Warsaj
Khwaja Sabz PoshFaryab Khuram Wa Sarbagh
Puli Khumri Nahrin Khost Wa Firing
Legend
Almar Maymana
Sangcharak Kishindih
Samangan Kuran Wa Munjan
Dara-I- Suf Dahana-I- GhoriBaghlan
Ghormach Pashtun KotBilchiragh Sari Pul Bargi Matal Flowering Calendar
AndarabHisa-I-Awali Panjsher
Qaysar Ruyi Du Ab Dushi
Murghab Balkhab Khinjan Panjshir Mandol Wama Kamdesh
Kohistan Kohistanat Tala Wa Barfak Panjsher
Muqur Kahmard
Salang
Panjsher NuristanWaygal Nari Late March
Gulran
Ab Kamari
Badghis GhorbandJabalussaraj Nijrab Bar Kunar
Kushk Chaharikar Alasay Nuristan Asad Abad
Yakawlang Shibar Parwan BagramKapisa AlishingAlingarPechKunarDangam Early April
Qalay-I- Naw Qadis Jawand
Kushki Kuhna
BamyanBamyan Shekh Ali Guldara Kohi Safi Laghman Narang
NurgalChawkay Late April
Surkhi ParsaDih Sabz
Kohsan Lal Wa Sarjangal Tagab Mihtarlam
Chaghcharan Hisa-I- Awali BihsudJalrez Kabul! Surobi Early May
Injil Karukh Panjab Qarghayi GoshtaLal Pur
Zinda Jan Chishti Sharif Markazi Bihsud Nirkh Surobi !
Hirat
! Nirkh Khaki Jabbar
Hisarak Rodat Jalalabad Muhmand Dara Late May
Pashtun ZarghunObe Day MirdadWardak Azra
HiratGuzara Shahrak
NangarharShinwar
Ghoryan
Day Kundi
Waras Chaki Wardak Logar Azra
Dur Baba Early June
Tulak
Ghor Sayd Abad
Puli Alam
Baraki BarakKhushi
Jaji
JajiSherzad Achin !
Lija Mangal Dih Bala Peshwar Late June
Farsi Day KundiShahristan Nawur Jaghatu Charkh Jani KhelChakmaniSabari
Adraskan Early July
Bahrami Shahid(Jaghatu)Zana Khan GardezJani Khel Musa KhelBakJaji Maydan
Pasaband
Saghar Taywara Ajristan GhazniDih Yak Paktya
Kijran Nadir Shah KKhost ! Main Cities
Malistan
Gizab
Ghazni Andar Zurmat Jadran
Ziruk Tani
Mando ZayiTere Zayi
Shindand Pur Chaman Jaghuri Qarabagh Sharan Spera Gurbuz
Baghran Shahidi Hassas ChoraKhas Uruzgan Giro Sar Hawza International boundaries
MuqurAb Band Urgun Gayan
Anar Dara
Uruzgan Omna
Sarobi Andarab
Daychopan Gelan
Eastern Afghanistan
Kamdesh
Khaki Safed Bala Buluk Dihrawud
Tirin Kot Zarghun Shahr Barmal Hisa-I-Awali Panjsher
Gulistan Arghandab
Musa Qala Wama
Pusht RodFarah
! Naw Zad Nesh Shahjoy Dila Paktika Nari
Qalay-I-Kah Kajaki Salang Panjsher
Bakwa Gomal Mandol Waygal Bar Kunar
Farah
Mizan
Zabul Nawa
Shib Koh Washer Shah Wali Kot Qalat Waza Khwa
SanginGhorakKhakrez Koh Band
Tarnak Wa JaldakShinkay Kohistan Nijrab
Lash Wa Juwayn
Nahri Sarraj Arghandab
Shamulzayi
Atghar
Wor Mamay
Chaharikar PAKISTAN Dawlat Shah Nuristan
Asad Abad Dangam
Khash Rod Chapa Pech
Maywand !
Arghistan Daman Bagram Alasay Dara
Nad Ali
Lashkar Gah Arghistan Maruf Alishing Alingar Marawara
Naway i Barakzayi Tagab Narang
Kang
Sirkanay
Chakhansur Hilmand Panjwayi Kandahar PAKISTAN Dara-I-NurNurgal
Chawkay
Mihtarlam
IRAN Zaranj Spin Boldak Khas Kunar
Nimroz Reg
Surobi Qarghayi
Kuz Kunar
Jalal
Kabul Abad Kama
Goshta
Surkh Rod
Garmser Lal Pur
Chahar Burjak Reg Shorabak Sherzad Rodat
Quetta
¯
! Muhammad ShinwarMuhmand Dara
Agha Khogyani
Dishu Pachir Wa Agam
0 50 100 Logar Azra
Nazyan
Dur Baba
Achin
Kilometers Jaji
Dih Bala
Geographic Projection Lija Mangal

Dand Wa Patan
Datum: WGS 84 PaktyaChamkani
Jaji Maydan
Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assesment Survey, 2007(http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crop_monitoring.html)
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Expected opium poppy harvest time
UZBEKISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
Ragh
Chah
Darqad
Ab
Shahri Buzur
Qarqin Shortepa
Khani Kaldar
Yangi
!
Fayz Abad
Mingajik Mardyan Imam Sahib Qala
Chahar Rustaq
TURKMENISTAN Andkhoy Khwaja
Du Ko
Dawlat Abad
Nahri Shahi Balkh Qalay-I- Zal
Archi Khwaja Ghar
Baharak
Chahar Balkh Kunduz Takhar

Qaramqol
Bolak
! Mazar-E-Sharif Khan
Taluqan Kalafgan
Ishkashim
Dawlat Abad Shibirghan

Aqcha Fayz
Abad
Dihdadi
Marmul
Khulm Chahar Dara Abad Kishim Badakshan
Chimtal Bangi
Jawzjan Hazrati Sultan Ali Abad Chal Farkhar
Chahar Kint Baghlani Jad Ishkamish Jurm
Faryab Sari Pul Sholgara
Legend
Shirin Tagab Aybak Burka
Sozma Baghlan
Darzab Sayyad Warsaj
Qala
Khwaja Khuram Puli
Almar Sabz Khumri Nahrin
Maymana Sangcharak
Kishindih Dara-I- Suf Wa Sabagh
Dahana
Kuran Wa Munjan Harvest Calendar
Pashtun Bilchiragh Samangan -I- Ghori
Baghlan Andarab
Bargi Matal
No Data
Qaysar Kot
Sari Pul Ruyi Du Ab Dushi
Balkhab Kamdesh
Kohistanat
Khinjan Early April
Badghis Kohistan
Tala Wa Barfak Salang
Panjsher Nuristan
Kahmard Shinwari
Mandol Late April
Gulran GhorbandJabalussaraj
Kushk Yakawlang
Parwan
Chaharikar
Early May
Shibar
Shekh Ali
Bagram Kapisa Kunar
Qalay-I- Naw Qadis Guldara
Jawand Bamyan Bamyan Laghman Late May
Kushki Kuhna
Kohsan
Injil
Chaghcharan
Lal Wa Sarja Kabul Surobi Early June
Karukh Maydan !
Hirat Panjab
Zinda Shahir !
Jan ! Obe
Chishti Shar
Nirkh Jalalabad Late June
Muhammad
Pashtun
Zarghun
Waras Wardak Agh Azra Early July
Ghoryan Guzara Shahrak
Ghor
Chaki Wardak
Logar Nangarhar !
Tulak
Sayd Baraki Barak
Jaji
Late July
Farsi Uruzgan Abad Lija Mangal
Dand
Wa Pata Peshwar
Adraskan
Shahristan Chakmani
Jaji
Pasaband Zana Khan Jani Khel Maydan
Saghar Ajristan Musa Khel
Taywara Paktya Qalandar
Nadir Shah K
Kijran Gizab
Khost
Shindand
Ghazni Mando Zayi
Gurbuz District Boundaries
Tani
Anar Dara
Pur Chaman
Baghran
! Main Cities
Shahidi Hass
Bala Buluk Chora
Andarab
Khaki Safed Gulistan Dihrawud
Tirin Kot
Daychopan
Arghandab
EasternHisa-I-Awali
Afghanistan Panjsher Kamdesh
Musa Qala Wama

Pusht Rod
! Naw Zad
Kajaki Nesh Zabul Shahjoy
Paktika Nari
Salang Panjsher
Waygal Bar Kunar
Qalay-I-Kah Mandol
Farah Bakwa
Qalat
Shib Koh
Washer Sangin
Ghorak Shah Wali Ko
Mizan
Koh Band
Nuristan
Nahri Sarraj
Khakrez
Tarnak Wa Ja
Shamulzayi
Kohistan
Chaharikar
Nijrab
Dawlat Shah Nuristan
Kunar
Asad Abad Dangam
Lash Wa Juwa Khash Rod Arghandab
!
Arghistan Kapisa Chapa
Dara
Pech
Maywand Kandarhar Bagram Alasay
Nad Ali Lashkar
Gah Maruf Alishing Alingar Marawara
Naway i Barakzayi Tagab Narang
Laghman Sirkanay
IRAN Hilmand Panjwayi PAKISTAN Mihtarlam

Dara-I-NurNurgal
Chawkay
Nimroz Spin Boldak

Khas Kunar
Reg
Daman
Kuz Kunar
Surobi Qarghayi
Jalal
Kabul Abad Kama
Goshta
Surkh Rod
Garmser
Lal Pur
Shorabak
Sherzad Rodat
Reg
Quetta
¯
Chahar Burja
! Muhammad ShinwarMuhmand Dara
Agha Khogyani
Pachir Wa Agam
0 50 100 Logar Azra
Nazyan
Dur Baba
Achin
Kilometers Jaji
Dih Bala
Geographic Projection Lija Mangal

Dand Wa Patan Nangarhar
Datum: WGS 84 PaktyaChamkani
Jaji Maydan
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Dry opium price (USD/Kg)
65°E 70°E
UZBEKISTAN
TAJIKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN Jawzjan Takhar

Kunduz
Balkh Badakhshan
Faryab
Samangan
Sari Pul
Baghlan Panjshir
Nuristan
Badghis
35°N Parwan Kapisa Kunar 35°N
Bamyan Laghman
Kabul
Wardak Nangarhar INDIA
Hirat Ghor Logar
Day Kundi
Paktya
Ghazni Khost
Uruzgan
Farah
Paktika
Zabul PAKISTAN Legend

Hilmand Dry opium price (USD/Kg)
No data
IRAN Nimroz 58 - 89
Kandahar
108 - 135
144 - 169
¯
30°N 30°N
184 - 227
0 50 100 200
Km International boundaries
Geographic projection, Datum WGS 84 Provincial boundaries
65°E 70°E
Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007

Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Village sampling frame and selected villages
65°E 70°E
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! 2007 Selected villages
0 50 100 200
Km
Geographic projection, Datum WGS 84
65°E 70°E Provincial boundaries
Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007
Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends (by province) and
security situation in surveyed villages
UZBEKISTAN
! TAJIKISTAN
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13056
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TURKMENISTAN Jawzjan
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! 7232 2178
! !
! ! ! ! Balkh !
! !! !
! !! !
! !
!
!! !
3040 ! Samangan
! !!
! Pul! ! ! ! Baghlan
! ! !! Sari ! !
Faryab 1960
! !! 2742!!
2252 !! !
! ! Panjshir
!
!! Badghis
!! ! ! Nuristan !
0 ! !
! ! !
124 ! 1516 ! ! !
!! !! !
!!
! Kapisa !!
932!
3205 ! !!
! ! ! Bamyan ! !! ! !!!!282 ! !!
!
! ! ! ! Parwan !!! Laghman !!
!
! ! !80 ! !!
! ! Kunar
! !
!
!
17
! !!
!! ! ! !!!
710
!
Legend
!! !
! ! !!!! ! !
!! !
! !! Wardak !!!! ! !!Kabul ! ! !!!!!
! !!! ! !! ! !! ! ! Cultivation trend as compared to 2006
!!!
! ! ! !! Jalalabad! 4872
!
!
!
! 0 ! !!! Nangarhar !
Ghor 0!! ! !! ! ! ! !
2287 7044 ! ! ! !
!! !
! Poppy free
4679
!
! !! Logar !! Peshwar
Hirat ! !
! !
Strong Decrease (AboveINDIA
0
! ! !
!!
! !!
! ! !
Day Kundi ! ! 50%)
!
! ! Khost
Ghazni ! !
!
Paktya
! !
!
!!
! ! !
! !
! ! ! !! Decrease (Between 10% to 50%)
! ! !! !! ! ! !!133
! 0 !
! ! !
! !Uruzgan ! Stable (Between 0 to 10%)
! ! !! !
! !
! !
! !! ! !
!
Increase (Between 10% and 50%)
! ! ! ! 9703
! Farah ! Paktika
!
!! !
! ! ! ! Zabul
!
!
! Strong increase (Above 50%)
! !
!
7694 ! ! !
! ! ! 0
!! !
! Main Cities
! !
! 3210
!
! ! !
! ! ! ! !!
! ! International boundaries
! !! !
! !! ! ! !!
! ! Provincial boundaries
69324
! !
! !!!
!
!
! !
!
!
PAKISTAN
!
!
12619
!
!
! !
! ! 2006 Cultivation level (ha)
! 1955 ! !!
!!
IRAN Kandahar
Hilmand
! !
! Security situation in surveyed villages
Nimroz !
!
! Very bad
!!
¯
Quetta ! Poor
0 50 100 ! Good
Kilometers
Geographic Projection ! Very good
Datum: WGS 84
! No data
2. FINDINGS BY PROVINCE
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
BADAKHSHAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
Interviews with village headmen indicated that cultivation levels in 2007 may decrease
sharply as a result of early eradication efforts and campaigns against opium poppy
cultivation. In 2006, opium poppy cultivation in Badakhshan increased by 77 per cent.
The Dareem and Argo valleys and the Faizabad, Jurm, Kishm and Baharak districts are
the main opium poppy cultivation areas in Badakhshan.
Eradication
Governor-led eradication began in the Argo, Baharak, Darayim, Jurm and Kishim district
of Badakhshan on 12 November 2006. A total of 502 ha of crops are verified to have
been eradicated in 50 villages.
Opium poppy cultivation details:
Cultivation in 2006 (hectares) 13 056

Type of cultivation Irrigated and rain-fed
Projected trend in 2006-2007 Decrease
Cultivation level High
Eradication reported Yes
Planting time Autumn/spring
Expected main harvest time End of June
Security situation Very good
Dry opium price (USD/KG) 85
Opium poppy cultivation in Badakhshan Opium poppy eradication in Badakhshan

province province
26
TAKHAR PROVINCE
Cultivation
Respondents reported no change in opium poppy cultivation in all districts in 2007.

Takhar lies on a major trafficking route to Tajikistan (via the Chah Ab, Yangi Qala,
Darqad and Rustaq districts).

Projected trend in 2006-2007 No change
Cultivation level Low
Eradication reported No
Expected main harvest time Mid-June
27
EASTERN REGION
NANGARHAR PROVINCE
Cultivation
A sharp increase in cultivation was reported in Nangarhar province in 2007, following an

increase of 346 per cent in 2006 as compared to 2005. The highest levels of cultivation
were reported in districts close to the border with Pakistan and far from the centre of the
province, such as Shinwar, Achin and Nazyana, which resumed opium cultivation in
2006. Opium poppy cultivation now appears to be extending towards the centre of the
province.
Eradication
Eradication activities have been reported in the Jalalabad, Khogyani and Khash Rod
districts. A total of 37 ha of crops were verified as having been eradicated by mid-January
2007
Opium Poppy cultivation details:

Type of cultivation Irrigated
Projected trend in 2006-2007 Sharp increase
Planting time Autumn
Expected main harvest time Mid-April
Security situation Good
Eradicated opium poppy field in Shinwar Eradicated opium poppy field in Achin district
district of Nangarhar province of Nangarhar province
28
KUNAR PROVINCE
Cultivation
Respondents reported a sharp increase in cultivation in 2007. An increasing trend in

poppy cultivation was also observed in 2006. Asad Abad, Chakay and Pech were the
main cultivation areas in 2006.
Cultivation in 2006 (hectares) 932

Cultivation level Moderate
LAGHMAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
Opium poppy cultivation in Laghman province is expected to increase in 2007, as in

2006, particularly in remote districts such as Alingar and Dawlat Shah.
Eradication
Eradication has been reported in the Dawlat Shah and Alishing districts. A total of 45 ha
of crops were verified as having been eradicated by mid-January 2007.

Projected trend in 2006-2007 Increase
Expected main harvest time Beginning of April
29
NURISTAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
Cultivation is expected to remain at the same levels in 2007 as in 2006. Nuristan is

located at a high elevation, and most planting will begin in mid-March.

Expected main harvest time Beginning of April
Four of the 11 villages in Nuristan that were visited during the ORAS reported poppy
cultivation in 2007.
30
NORTHERN REGION
BAGHLAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
Cultivation in Baghlan province increased considerably in 2006 (as compared to 2005),

and the same level of cultivation is expected in 2007. Opium poppy cultivation has been
reported in all districts of Baghlan, but particularly in Andarab and Khost Wa Firing.

Expected main harvest time End of May to mid-June
BAMYAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
The majority of farmers in Bamyan province prefer not to cultivate opium poppy.
Cultivation is therefore expected to fall sharply in 2007, and the province may even
become poppy-free.

Projected trend in 2006-2007 Sharp decrease
Cultivation level Very low
Planting time Spring
Expected main harvest time Late July
31
BALKH PROVINCE
Cultivation
Opium poppy cultivation decreased sharply in Balkh province from 2005 to 2006.
According to ORAS results, cultivation levels will again fall steeply in 2007. This trend
may be attributable to successful awareness campaigns against poppy cultivation
conducted before the planting season.

Expected main harvest time End of April
Opium poppy at planting stage in Balkh Wheat in Balkh province

province
32
FARYAB PROVINCE
Cultivation
An increase in cultivation was reported from 2005 to 2006. ORAS results suggest that
opium poppy cultivation will remain at the same level in 2007.

Expected main harvest time Mid-May
KUNDUZ PROVINCE
Cultivation
Kunduz province is neither a major nor a traditional opium poppy-growing region. In 2006,
cultivation levels fell steeply . No change is expected in 2007.

Dry opium price (USD/KG) N/A
33
JAWZJAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
Jawzjan province was not a significant opium poppy-growing area until 2002. Since then,
however, cultivation has increased sharply. In 2006, a reported 2,003 ha of poppy crops
were cultivated. However, ORAS results suggest that cultivation will decrease in 2007.

Projected trend in 2006-2007 Decrease
Expected main harvest time Late May
SAMANGAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
The ORAS suggests that cultivation will decline sharply in 2007. However, since planting
takes place mainly during March, farmers may yet decide to cultivate opium poppy.

Expected main harvest time End of July
34
SARI PUL PROVINCE
Cultivation
Opium poppy cultivation is expected to decrease sharply in Sari Pul province in 2007.
However, while few farmers plant opium poppy as late as March, good water availability
may encourage them to do so.

Expected main harvest time Late June
35
CENTRAL REGION
GHAZNI PROVINCE
Cultivation
In 2006, Ghazni was poppy-free. However, an increase in cultivation was observed in the
Andar district during the 2007 ORAS.

Expected main harvest time Late July
Security situation Poor
KHOST PROVINCE
Cultivation
In 2006, a slight increase in cultivation was observed. ORAS results suggest an increase
in 2007, particularly in the Tani district.

Expected main harvest time Late May
36
LOGAR PROVINCE
Cultivation
The vast majority of villages in Logar province do not cultivate opium poppy. This trend is
not expected to change in 2007.

Type of cultivation Irrigated/rain-fed
Projected trend in 2006-2007 Poppy-free
Cultivation level Nil
Planting time Spring/autumn
Expected main harvest time May/June
PAKTIKA PROVINCE
Cultivation
Paktika province was poppy-free in 2006; the same trend is expected in 2007.

Expected main harvest time June
37
PAKTYA PROVINCE
Cultivation
Paktya province was poppy-free in 2006; the same trend is expected in 2007.

Expected main harvest time June
PARWAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
No opium poppy cultivation was observed in the villages visited, and the province may
become poppy-free in 2007. Opium poppy cultivation was reported for the first time in the
province in 2004 (1,310 ha). Cultivation was negligible in 2005, and only 124 ha of poppy
were cultivated in 2006.

38
KAPISA PROVINCE
Cultivation
Although Kapisa is not a major opium poppy-growing province, cultivation is expected to

increase in 2007. In 2006, cultivation increased to 282 ha, as compared to 115 ha in
2005.

Expected main harvest time Late May/ early July
WARDAK PROVINCE
Cultivation
Wardak was poppy-free in 2006, and is expected to remain so in 2007.

Expected main harvest time Late May/early July
39
SOUTHERN REGION
KANDAHAR PROVINCE
Cultivation
Cultivation levels remained unchanged at around 12,500 ha in 2005 and 2006. Cultivation
is expected to increase in all districts except Kandahar and Spinboldak in 2007. .

Expected main harvest time Beginning of May
Ninety-three per cent of the villages in Kandahar that were visited during the ORAS
reported poppy cultivation in 2007.
HILMAND PROVINCE
Cultivation
A steep increase in opium poppy cultivation was observed in Hilmand in 2006. Hilmand
accounted for 42 per cent of the total opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, and
cultivation levels here were higher than in any other province. ORAS results indicate a
further increase in cultivation in 2007. Hilmand is also the most significant province in
terms of heroin processing and trafficking.

Cultivation level Very high
Expected main harvest time Beginning of May
40
All of the villages in Hilmand that were visited during the ORAS reported poppy cultivation
in 2007.
Opium poppy in Hilmand province Wheat in Hilmand province
URUZGAN PROVINCE
Cultivation
Uruzgan is one of Afghanistan’s major traditional opium poppy-growing provinces.

Cultivation increased from 4,605 ha in 2005 to 9,703 ha in 2006. The ORAS results
indicate a further sharp increase in opium poppy cultivation in 2007.

Eighty-eight per cent of the villages in Uruzgan that were visited during the ORAS
reported poppy cultivation in 2007.
41
ZABUL PROVINCE
Cultivation
The ORAS predicts an increase in cultivation in all districts of Zabul province in 2007. An
increasing trend in poppy cultivation has been observed since 2005. Zabul province is
one of the poorest regions of Afghanistan, and a high level of migration from the province
to other areas of Afghanistan has been reported.

Security situation Very bad
All villages in Zabul that were visited during the ORAS reported opium poppy cultivation
in 2007.
42
WESTERN REGION
HIRAT PROVINCE
Cultivation
Respondents expect cultivation to increase slightly in 2007, particularly in the Ghoryan

district. Hirat was not a major opium poppy-growing province until 2003. Cultivation levels
have remained unchanged at around 2,000 ha since 2004.

Expected main harvest time Late May/late June
Security situation 116
Dry opium price (USD/KG) Very good
FARAH PROVINCE
Cultivation
Cultivation in Farah decreased sharply from to 2005 to 2006. Respondents expect

cultivation levels to remain unchanged in 2007. Since 2004, poppy has been cultivated in
all districts of the province.

Expected main harvest time Early May
43
NIMROZ PROVINCE
Cultivation
Cultivation is expected to increase in 2007. The year 2005 marked a record increase in
cultivation from 115 ha to 1,690 ha, and a further increase was observed in 2006. Nimroz
lies at Afghanistan’s borders with Iran and Pakistan, and is therefore one of the major
trafficking provinces for the export of Afghani opium.

GHOR PROVINCE
Cultivation
ORAS results indicate a strong decrease in cultivation in Ghor province. This decrease
may be attributable to crop disease in 2006, low prices for opium and fear of eradication.
Owing to difficult terrain and harsh conditions, agriculture in Ghor province is limited to
very narrow valleys. Ghor is one of the main opium-trafficking provinces.

44
BADGHIS PROVINCE
Cultivation
ORAS results suggest an increase in opium poppy cultivation in 2007. Cultivation levels
have risen since 2005, following a sudden increase of 383 per cent (2,967 ha) as
compared to 2004.

Cultivation level
Expected main harvest time Mid-June
Fifty-six per cent of the villages in Badghis visited during the ORAS reported opium poppy
cultivation in 2007.
45
3. METHODOLOGY
The Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey, including training and deployment, was
conducted from 10 December 2006 to 18 January 2007 by 78 local field surveyors. It was
jointly supervised by the Ministry of Counter-Narcotics (MCN) and UNODC. The
surveyors were selected on the basis of their experience in conducting opium poppy
surveys, knowledge of local customs and their acceptance by local communities.
Sampling framework
The surveyors conducted structured interviews with the headmen of selected

villages in each district. A total of 508 villages in 236 districts were surveyed
across all provinces.
Opium poppy cultivation is most successful at altitudes below 1,500 m, where it is
significantly more widespread than in areas of higher elevation; opium poppy
cultivation above 2,500 m is comparatively rare. In view of the uneven distribution
of opium poppy cultivation at different elevations, a stratified sampling method
was used to select the sample villages. The villages in the sampling frame were
divided into three groups (strata) according to their elevation:
Group 1: Villages located at an elevation of less than 1,500 m

Group 2: Villages located at elevations between 1,500 m and 2,500 m
Group 3: Villages located at an elevation of more than 2,500 m
Villages were selected from each group using a systematic random selection
technique. The total sampling ratio was 1.65 per cent. The design and size of the
sample facilitate the establishment of cultivation trends; the sample is not
designed for calculating quantitative areas or production estimates. In addition to
the sample villages, the surveyors, using their knowledge of the local situation,
visited other areas in the province to complement their assessment both of opium
poppy cultivation trends and the security situation throughout the province.
Surveyor training
Until 2006, all surveyors were provided with ORAS training in Kabul. In order to
prepare for the 2007 ORAS, and as part of a capacity-building exercise for
national staff, survey coordinators, coordinators of individual provinces and
regional survey assistants were trained in Kabul over a four-day period. They in
turn trained surveyors in their respective regions. The extension of survey training
sessions to the regional level is one of the milestones that has been reached in
building national capacity to conduct opium poppy surveys.
During the training period, a total of 78 surveyors and nine survey coordinators
were trained in the use of the survey form and survey techniques by local UNODC
staff in the southern, central, eastern, western, north-eastern and northern
regions.
Data collection
Opium poppy cultivation is illegal in Afghanistan, and is considered to be
forbidden under Islam. Given the sensitive nature of the issue, data collection is
difficult and can be dangerous. Surveyors are selected from different regions of
46
Afghanistan through a very careful selection process. UNODC and MCN regional
offices and coordinators recruit surveyors according to survey specifications and
the surveyors’ skills. Most of the surveyors selected already have experience in
conducting UNODC surveys.
Surveyors were trained in techniques for approaching local community members
and conducting interviews. Following intensive theoretical and practical training,
they were deployed to the field, where they interviewed headmen of villages and
conducted other survey-related activities. UNODC and MCN coordinators
monitored data quality and the progress of the survey closely. Fortunately, the
surveyors did not encounter any security problems.
ORAS training in Hirat province Surveyor interviewing village headman in

Nangarhar province
Debriefing
At the end of the survey, surveyors were debriefed by survey coordinators,
reporting on their findings in the areas they had visited and providing an
assessment, inter alia, of various factors thought to influence opium poppy
cultivation, the security situation, pressure from the Government concerning
survey reports, difficulties encountered in conducting the survey, the level of
control exercised by Governors over their respective provinces, the presence of
anti-government elements with a resulting impact on opium poppy cultivation,
corruption, levels of opium poppy and cannabis cultivation. Debriefing facilitates a
greater understanding of opium poppy cultivation and the socio-political and other
factors that determine cultivation trends, and provides useful guidance in
analysing survey data.
47

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cover_ras_afghanistan3.

qxd 30/01/2007 10:25 Page 1

Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

ANP Afghan National Police

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Kabul)

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Vienna)

Antonio Maria Costa

Opium poppy cultivation trends

Overall, opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan is likely to increase in 2007. However,

Table 1: Expected opium poppy cultivation trends in 2007

Cultivation trend No. of

In 2006, opium poppy cultivation increased in 13 provinces, decreased in eight provinces

Alfalfa in Nangarhar province Wheat in Nangarhar province

Opium poppy in Nangarhar province Vegetables in Nangarhar province

Kabul 282 0 80 80 100% Increase

1.2. REASONS FOR OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION

Table 3: Reasons for opium poppy cultivation in 2007

It is interesting to note, by way of comparison, that in 2006, poverty alleviation (provision

1.3. CASH ADVANCES RECEIVED FOR POPPY CULTIVATION

Table 4: Cash advances by province in 2007

1.4. FAMILIES INVOLVED IN OPIUM CULTIVATION

reported to be involved in opium cultivation in the following provinces: Hilmand

1.5. EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE

Table 5: External assistance by village

Table 6: Distribution of external assistance activities in 2006

Province/ Residential Councelling/ Mushroom Fruit No. of

Budget 1.5 mill

1.6. FIELD SECURITY

Table 8: Security situation in surveyed villages

Security No. of villages % villages cultivating

1.7. REASONS FOR NON-CULTIVATION OF OPIUM POPPY

Table 9: Reasons for non-cultivation of opium poppy in 2007

Eradication in Muhmand Dara district of Eradication in Baharak district of Badakhshan

Table 10: Eradication in 2006 vis-à-vis opium poppy cultivation in 2007

No. of villages % of villages

Table 11: Impact of the opium poppy prevention campaign

No. of villages % villages cultivating

Table 12: Impact of the opium poppy prevention campaign by region

No. of villages Total % of villages

Figure 1: Average farm-gate prices for dry opium (USD/kg)

147 150 149

1.10. CANNABIS CULTIVATION

According to the 2006 Afghanistan Annual Opium Survey, an estimated 50,000 ha of

Stable (Between 0 to 10%)

PAKISTAN Increase (Between 10% and 50%)

1955 Strong increase (Above 50%)

Pasaband Zana Khan Paktya Jani Khel

IRAN Kandahar Jalal Abad Kama Goshta

Geographic Projection Lija Mangal

Chahar Balkh Kunduz Takhar

Dawlat Abad Shibirghan

Musa Qala Wama

IRAN Hilmand Panjwayi PAKISTAN Mihtarlam

Nimroz Spin Boldak

Geographic Projection Lija Mangal

TURKMENISTAN Jawzjan Takhar

Zabul PAKISTAN Legend

Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Opium Rapid Assessment Survey, 2007

Opium poppy cultivation details:

Cultivation in 2006 (hectares) 13 056

Opium poppy cultivation in Badakhshan Opium poppy eradication in Badakhshan

Respondents reported no change in opium poppy cultivation in all districts in 2007.