Jonathan Ko

March 7th 2017

AP Psychology

Part 1

1.
Classical conditioning refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically
potent is paired with a previously neutral stimulus. It also refers to the
learning process that results from this pairing, through which the neutral
stimulus comes to elicit a response that is usually similar to the one elicited
by the potent stimulus. These basic facts, which require many qualifications
were first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov through experiments with dogs.
Together with operant conditioning, classical conditioning became the
foundation of behaviorism, a school of psychology which was dominant in the
mid-20th century and is still an important influence on the practice of
psychological therapy and the study of animal behavior.

Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the strength of a behavior

is modified by the behavior's consequences, such as reward or punishment,
and the behavior is controlled by antecedents called "discriminative stimuli"
which come to signal those consequences.

Social learning theory posits that learning is a cognitive process that takes
place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct
instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or
direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behavior, learning
also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process
known as vicarious reinforcement. When a particular behavior is rewarded
regularly, that behavior will most likely persist and if a particular behavior is
constantly punished, it will most likely desist. The theory expands on
traditional behavioral theories, in which behavior is governed solely by
reinforcements, by placing emphasis on the important roles of various
internal processes in the learning individual.

2.
a.
Associate hot stove with a loud EDM music and whenever the child gets near
the stove or is about to touch the stove turn the loud, obnoxious music on.
b.
When the child does not go to the potty to take care of business punish the
kid. However, when the kid goes to the potty to take care of business award
the kid.
c.
Show the child how to behave on the table and maybe ask one of his favorite
models to show an example of how it is done also.
Part 2

1.
The child could have heard weird noises in the dark and have thought that it
was associated with the dark. Therefore, whenever it gets dark the child gets
scared thinking that the weird sound is there.
2.
Whenever the child comes screaming out when he is supposed to sleep,
punish the child and scold that there is nothing wrong. When the child does
well make sure to award the child.