PILE CRACK ANALYSIS REPORT

A. PILE STRESSES DUE TO AXIAL LOAD F

L= 1,200 cm, pile length F F
k= 2.0000 , extreme scenario
Ix = 522,509 cm4
Wx = 17,417 cm3
L
A= 1,571 cm2
ix = 18.24 cm
l = k.L/ix = 131.59 d d
fc' = 60 MPa = 600 kg/cm2 k=2 k = 0.707
E= 36,406 MPa = 364,060 kg/cm2 Model #1 Model #2
lg = p.(E/0.7fc') = 92.49366
2
lc = l / lg = 1.422697 > 1, hence w=2.381lc
w = 4.819301 , slenderness amplification factor

m
E M1 = EM2 1
E P1 + EK1 = EP2 + E K2 m
h
Since V1 = 0 & h2 = 0 then EP1 = EK2 therefore
2
m.g.h1 = 1/2m.V22, hence
2
with g = 10 m/s & h = 1.1 m, then L
V2 = (2g.h1) = 4.6904 m/s
E M2 = W = F.h, therefore
2
F = 1/2m.V2 /h, with m = 7000 kg
2
= 70,000 kg.m/s = 70 kN = 7 ton.f

s= w.F/A = 36.90 kg/cm2 < 600 kg/cm2 ... OK

(pile compression stress during driving)

B. PILE STRESSES DUE TO BENDING EFFECT OF INCLINED PILE

Mmax = 19.3 ton.m
s = Mmax/Wx = 110.81 kg/cm2, allowable pile stress due to bending
d = Mmax/F = 2.76 m
Hence pile crack caused by inclined pile can be happen when pile deviate 2.76m from one end to another.

C. PILE STRESSES DUE TO REBOUND

A rebar = 797.71 mm2, 12 nos diameter 9.2mm pc bar with fy = 1400 MPa
P= 33.50 ton, allowable pile tension (30% of pc bar only due to prestressing)
s= 21.33 kg/cm2, allowable pile stress due to tension

Since 1/2m.V22 = P.h, therefore m = 2P.h/V22 hence

m= 3.35 ton, load that can cause pc bar to yield ,
with pile weight of 409 kg/m1 this load can be generated from pile with the length of
= 8.19 m1 caused by rebound force.
CONCLUSION

1. Base on above ilustration, can be seen that stress generated from the heaviest hammer
on site is much lesser than the pile stress capacity itself, therefore crack caused by tension is more
dominant especially due to rebound rather than compression , and circular crack is
the sign of this failure which can be seen from most of the crack pile on site.
2. From the soil profile we can see that residual soil can be reached by the second pile onwards.
This type of soil generate rebound to the pile, then the biggest pulling impact will be born
by pile above ground. This force will cause circular crack if the rebar stress is exceeded.

SOLUTION / PROPOSAL

1. To keep the drop height low during driving of second pile onwards to reduce pile rebound effect.
Extra care need to be taken during driving when the pile is still 8 m high above ground.
2. The use of higher grade pile (with more tension bar) is advisable especially start from second pile
onwards. In this case class B spun pile is applicable.
3. To replace driven pile with bored pile when above solutions are failed.