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VOL. CLXII . . No. 56,172 2013 The New York Times NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 2013 $2.50

THE F.B.I. DEEMED TALIBAN ASSERT

AGENTS FAULTLESS NEW READINESS
IN 150 SHOOTINGS FOR PEACE TALKS
2 DECADES OF RECORDS OFFICE OPENED IN QATAR

In Most Cases, Internal Cautious Support From

Review Was the Only Obama and Karzai
Investigation An Early Step

By CHARLIE SAVAGE By MATTHEW ROSENBERG

and MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT
WASHINGTON After con-
tradictory stories emerged about
an F.B.I. agents killing last
month of a Chechen man in Or-
lando, Fla., who was being ques-
tioned over ties to the Boston
Marathon bombing suspects, the
bureau reassured the public that
it would clear up the murky epi-
sode.
The F.B.I. takes very serious-
ly any shooting incidents involv-
ing our agents, and as such we
have an effective, time-tested
process for addressing them in-
ternally, a bureau spokesman
said.
But if such internal investiga-
tions are time-tested, their out-
comes are also predictable: from
1993 to early 2011, F.B.I. agents fa-
tally shot about 70 subjects and
wounded about 80 others and
every one of those episodes was
deemed justified, according to in-
terviews and internal F.B.I.
records obtained by The New
York Times through a Freedom
of Information Act lawsuit.
The last two years have fol-
lowed the same pattern: an F.B.I.
spokesman said that since 2011,
there had been no findings of im-
proper intentional shootings.
In most of the shootings, the
F.B.I.s internal investigation was
the only official inquiry. In the Or-
lando case, for example, there
have been conflicting accounts
about basic facts like whether the
Chechen man, Ibragim Todashev,
attacked an agent with a knife,
was unarmed or was brandishing
a metal pole. But Orlando hom-
icide detectives are not independ-
ently investigating what hap-
pened.
We had nothing to do with it,
said Sgt. Jim Young, an Orlando
police spokesman. Its a federal
matter, and were deferring ev-
erything to the F.B.I.
Occasionally, the F.B.I. does
discipline an agent. Out of 289 de-
liberate shootings covered by the
documents, many of which left no
Continued on Page A18
A military police officer doused a protester with pepper spray in Rio de Janeiro on Monday. The unrest continued on Tuesday.
In Bulgers Underworld, a Judas Was the Worst Protests Grow
As Brazilians
Killer Testifies on Code
By KATHARINE Q. SEELYE
of Honor at Mob
BOSTON Family and
Blame Leaders
friends come first, John Marto-
rano, an aging gangster known Trial in Boston
as the Executioner, declared
from the witness stand here on
Tuesday. My father always
son in the world.
taught me that. The priests and
the nuns I grew up with taught Just a few days into testimony
me that. They taught me that Ju- at one of the most sensational
das Judas was the worst per- criminal trials in this citys histo-
ry, it is clear that something more
is at stake than the racketeering
and murder charges in the 32-
count indictment against James
(Whitey) Bulger, the notorious
ruler of Bostons underworld in
the 1970s and 80s.
The trial has focused in its ear-
ly days on the criminals con-
cepts of honor and loyalty, codes
they say they lived by.
Mr. Martorano, for one, who
has confessed to at least 20 mur-
ders, took offense at being called
a mass murderer, did not like
the term hit man and rejected
the label serial killer.
He preferred the term vigi-
lante, seeing in it the noble pur-
suit of protecting friends and
REUTERS
family, especially if they were be-
The victim of a killing attribut- ing hurt or double-crossed or
ed not to the defendant, but to could be hurt or double-crossed.
a star prosecution witness. Is there any honor or integrity
in what you did? Mr. Martorano
was asked under relentless cross-
examination on Tuesday by Hen-
ry Brennan, a defense lawyer.
I thought so, Mr. Martorano
replied. I thought both. I didnt
like risking my life, but I thought
if the reason was right, Id try.
That concept of honor has been
a subtext of this trial since the
moment it opened last week. Mr.
Bulgers lead lawyer, J. W. Car-
ney Jr., took the unusual tack of
immediately acknowledging that
his client was guilty of several
charges against him, including
drug dealing, illegal bookmaking
and loansharking, and said he
had made millions upon mil-
lions of dollars through his crim-
inal enterprises.
But, the lawyer insisted, Mr.
Bulger, 83, was never an F.B.I. in-
former, as the prosecution al-
leges. Nor, he said, did Mr. Bulger
kill the two women on the list of
19 murders he is accused of par- building stadiums for interna-
ticipating in.
The code prohibits the killing ices like education and health
of women. And being an informer
is totally unacceptable some-
thing that Mr. Carney said was
deeply ingrained in the Irish, who
for so long had to protect one an-
other from their British over-
Continued on Page A15
VICTOR R. CAIVANO/ASSOCIATED PRESS
By SIMON ROMERO
SO PAULO, Brazil Shaken
by the biggest challenge to their
authority in years, Brazils lead-
ers made conciliatory gestures
on Tuesday to try to defuse the
protests engulfing the nations
cities. But the demonstrators re-
mained defiant, pouring into the
streets by the thousands and
venting their anger over political
corruption, the high cost of living
and huge public spending for the
World Cup and the Olympics.
In a convulsion that has caught
many in Brazil and beyond by
surprise, waves of protesters de-
nounced their leaders for ded-
icating so many resources to cul-
tivating Brazils global image by
tional events, when basic serv-
care remain woefully inadequate.
I love soccer, but we need
schools, said Evaldir Cardoso,
48, a fireman at a protest here
with his 7-month-old son.
The demonstrations initially
Continued on Page A8
and ALISSA J. RUBIN
WASHINGTON The Taliban
signaled a breakthrough in ef-
forts to start Afghan peace nego-
tiations on Tuesday, announcing
the opening of a political office in
Qatar and a new readiness to talk
with American and Afghan offi-
cials, who said in turn that they
would travel to meet insurgent
negotiators there within days.
If the talks begin, they will be a
significant step in peace efforts
that have been locked in an im-
passe for nearly 18 months, after
the Taliban walked out and ac-
cused the United States of negoti-
ating in bad faith. American offi-
cials have long pushed for such
talks, believing them crucial to
stabilizing Afghanistan after the
2014 Western military withdraw-
al.
But the Taliban may have other
goals in moving ahead. Their lan-
guage made clear that they
sought to be dealt with as a legiti-
mate political force with a long-
term role to play beyond the in-
surgency. In that sense, in addi-
tion to aiding in talks, the actual
opening of their office in Qatar
nearly a year and a halfafter ini-
tial plans to open it were an-
nounced and then soon after sus-
pended could be seen as a sig-
nal that the Talibans ultimate
aim is recognition as an alterna-
tive to the Western-backed gov-
ernment of President Hamid Kar-
zai.
By agreeing to negotiations,
the Taliban can come out in the
open, engage the rest of the re-
gion as legitimate actors, and it
will be very difficult to prevent
that when we recognize the office
and are talking to the office, said
Vali Nasr, a former State De-
partment official who is the dean
of the Johns Hopkins School of
Advanced International Studies.
The United States, already
heading toward its military exit,
has little to offer beyond prisoner
exchanges, and the Taliban are
Continued on Page A3

Energized by Bloombergs Exit, Extending a Hand Abroad, Obama Often Finds a Cold Shoulder
Labor Chiefs Try to Sway Race By MARK LANDLER
and PETER BAKER

By JAVIER C. HERNNDEZ WASHINGTON Over por-

After more than a decade of sit-
ting out the fiercest race in town,
leaders of the United Federation
of Teachers are plotting a come-
back.
They have so much polling
data that they can pinpoint the
views of Puerto Ricans and Chi-
nese immigrants alike. They can
tailor messages based on brands
of toilet paper voters buy. Nor-
mally busy handling complaints
from teachers, they are now
scouring financial records and
questioning candidates about
$4,000 restaurant bills.
And on Wednesday, the union
will throw its sophisticated politi-
cal machine behind a candidate
for mayor of New York City.
Unions across the city, after
years of low morale and stalled
Several labor leaders are weigh-
ing advertising blitzes aimed at
the broader public. Political or-
ganizers are training callers, so-
cial media activists and door-to-
door canvassers.
Politics in the city are shift-
ing, Michael Mulgrew, president
of the teachers union, said. Its
not a pipe dream. Were going to
be a force.
Labor leaders face several
challenges as they seek to re-
assert themselves as political
heavyweights in a city that has
not elected a Democrat for mayor
since 1989. In a crowded field,
they are split over whom to en-
dorse, causing concern that they
might cancel one another out.
At a time of declining union
terhouse steak and cherry pie at
a desert estate in California earli-
er this month, President Obama
delivered a stern lecture to Presi-
dent Xi Jinping about Chinas dis-
putes with its neighbors. If it is
going to be a rising power, he
scolded, it needs to behave like
one.
The next morning, Mr. Xi
punched back, accusing the Unit-
ed States of the same computer
hacking tactics it attributed to
China. It was, Mr. Obama ac-
knowledged, a very blunt con-
versation.
Ten days later, in Northern Ire-
land, Mr. Obama had another
tough meeting with a prickly
leader, President Vladimir V.
Putin of Russia. At odds with him
over the Syrian civil war, Mr. KEVIN LAMARQUE/REUTERS

contract negotiations, are roaring
back to life this election season,
excited by the prospect of in-
stalling a friend of labor in City
Hall when Mayor Michael R.
Bloomberg leaves office at the
end of the year.
Some groups, like the teachers
union, are expected to spend sev-
eral million dollars on the race.
membership and lingering eco-
nomic turmoil, the strength of or-
ganized labor is unclear. Public
officials across the country, in-
cluding Mr. Bloomberg, a politi-
cal independent, have cast doubt
on their motives, and pushed
back against demands from mu-
nicipal workers for retroactive
Continued on Page A25
Obama tried to lighten the mood
by joking about how age was de-
pleting their athletic skills. Mr.
Putin, a decade older and fending
off questions at home about his
health, seemed sensitive on the
point. The president just wants
to get me to relax, he said with a
taut smile.
While tangling with the leaders
President Obama had a chilly meeting with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia on Monday.
of two cold war antagonists of the foreign policy: his main counter- example, the president is to meet
United States is nothing new, the parts on the world stage are not in Berlin with Chancellor Angela
two bruising encounters in such a his friends, and they make little Merkel of Germany, who has in-
short span underscore a hard re- attempt to cloak their disagree- vited him to deliver a speech at
ality for Mr. Obama as he heads ments in diplomatic niceties. the Brandenburg Gate. But Ms.
deeper into a second term that Even his friends are not always Merkel is also expected to press
may come to be dominated by so friendly. On Wednesday, for Continued on Page A11

NATIONAL A14-19 INTERNATIONAL A4-12 BUSINESS DAY B1-10 SPORTSWEDNESDAY B11-16

The Fruits of Surveillance Obama Will Seek Arms Cuts Uncertainty at the Fed Heat Force a Seventh Game
Gen. Keith B. Al- President Obama will offer to reduce With Ben S. Bernankes second four- The Miami Heat beat the San Antonio
exander and other the American nuclear arsenal if Russia year term leading the Federal Reserve Spurs, 103-100, in overtime, to even the
national security does the same, officials said. PAGE A10 due to end in January, President Obama N.B.A. finals at three games all. LeBron
officials told a suggested that he was likely to nomi- James had 32 points, 10 rebounds and 11
House committee nate a new chairman this year. PAGE B1 assists in the victory. Tim Duncan had
NEW YORK A21-25
that potential ter- 30 points for the Spurs. Game 7 will be
rorist events Minor Derailment, Big Trouble Nickelodeon Keeps Food Ads played Thursday night. PAGE B11
were disrupted by Part of a train slid off the track in a tun- The childrens TV network, unlike the
government sur- nel near Pennsylvania Station, affecting Disney Channel, refused to adopt a set
veillance. PAGE A18 DINING D1-8 EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27
rail service in the Northeast. PAGE A21 of nutritional standards and ban food
ads that violated those rules. PAGE B1 A Healthy Cooks Sweet Secret Maureen Dowd PAGE A27
Immigration Reforms Savings ARTS C1-7 Martha Rose Shulman, a crusader for
Congressional budget analysts say a Obesity Recognized as Disease eating light, reveals that in her off-

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proposed immigration overhaul would Shakespeare With Jitterbug The move by the American Medical As- hours, she loves to haul out the butter
cut close to $1 trillion from the deficit Comedy of Errors in Central Park. sociation could help improve reimburse- and bake treats, like the Quintessential
over the next two decades. PAGE A17 Charles Isherwoods review. PAGE C1 ment for drugs and surgery. PAGE B1 Chocolate Chip Cookie, above. PAGE D1