International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 579587 Article ID: IJCIET_08_02_060

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

PREPARATION OF MODEL URBAN ACTION PLAN

FOR EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:
A CASE STUDY FROM A.P
P. Krishnamraju
M. Tech student, Department of Civil Engineering,
KL University, Green fields, Vaddeswaram-522502, Guntur (D.t), A.P, India

S. Shahabas
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
KL University, Green fields, Vaddeswaram-522502, Guntur (D.t), A.P, India

SS. Asadi
Associate Dean, Department of. Civil Engineering,
KL University, Green fields, Vaddeswaram-522502, Guntur (D.t), A.P, India

ABSTRACT
The Indian government stated a programme of building 100 smart cities in India. The proposed
study aims to identify the measures to refresh and to improve the improper urban organization,
quality of life, and achieving maintainable development. Socio-economic requirements are the key
aspects behind the rapid urbanization in India. This research presents the requirement of a holistic,
integrated, and multidisciplinary method to the concept of smart cities. The study area is a part of
Chittoor district in south-eastern part of Andhra Pradesh. It is one among the cities which is selected
to make smart city by the Indian government. generally, in urban areas facing the problems in water
supply system, transport network, waste water management plans, storm water management plans,
solid waste management plans, keepingthis in view this study has been taken into objective and to
prepare action plan for this study transport network, water supply system, waste water management
plans, solid waste management plans and storm water management.
Key words: Transport plans, Water supply network, Sanitation, Sewage management, storm water
management.
Cite This Article: P. Krishnamraju, S. Shahabas and SS. Asadi, Preparation of Model Urban Action
Plan For Effective Environmental Management: A Case Study From A.P. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 579587.
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 P. Krishnamraju, S. Shahabas and SS. Asadi

1. INTRODUCTION
Urbanization has become a common feature of Indian society. Growth of Industries has contributed to the
growth of cities. As a result of industrialization people have started moving towards the industrial areas in
search of employment. This has resulted in the growth of towns and cities. With a high rate of urbanization
significant changes have taken place. The effect of urbanization can be summed up as follows: Urbanization
can yield positive effects if it takes place up to a desirable limit. Extensive urbanization or indiscriminate
growth of cities may result in adverse effects. They may be as follows: Concentration of population is a major
problem of cities. It has resulted in accommodation problem, growth of slums etc. In industrialized cities
pollution is a major problem. It may be caused by industries or by excessive movement of vehicles. In
urbanization, the resources are getting vanished / getting run out Thus, urbanization has its own merits and
de-merits. Urbanization cant be avoided. But the negative effect of urbanization can be minimized.

1.1. Description of study area

The city is one of the popular cities in Andhra, is rich in its culture and heritage. The city is historically and
religiously important as such the government gives prime importance to its development. The present study
becomes relevant as the city is important in many aspects and contributing a significant share to Indian
tourism. The study covers some of the major areas including transport development plans, water supply
network, solid waste management, sewage management and storm water management. The paper aims to
explore the challenges that Tirupati needs to overcome in order to attain the status of a Smart City. The
Tirupati city covers an area of 16.07 sq. km with population if 3.42 lakhs. Monsoon remains moderate and
summer experiences temperatures ranging from 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. In winter the minimum
temperatures will be between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius. Usually summer lasts from March to June, with the
advent of rainy season in July, followed by winter which lasts till the end of February. The city experiences
maximum rainfall in November during northeast monsoon season.

2. OBJECTIVES
Preparation of model action plan for water supply system, transport network, waste water management, storm
water management and solid waste management

3. METHODODLOGY
To make any city smart city at first, we have to develop/improve the present conditions of the area and by
improving/solving the present challenges we make the step in making smart city. The methodology flowchart
shown in Figure 1.
Collection of data for present conditions
Analyze the present conditions
Making recommendations for present challenges

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 Preparation of Model Urban Action Plan For Effective Environmental Management: A Case Study From A.P

Figure 1 Step by step process of methodology

4 .RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Water Distribution System
Water supply network is one of the integral parts of the development in every city as such the main focus of
attention should be on this area. Tirupati has a humid climatic condition with monsoon season is from July
and October. Normal Rainfall in Chittoor district is 943mm and Tirupati is a frequently drought prone area,
the rain fall is which is alike distributed between Southwest and Northeast monsoon. Regarding the ground
water levels, the data of Chittoor district shows that water levels are decreasing progressively during pre-

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 P. Krishnamraju, S. Shahabas and SS. Asadi

monsoon and post monsoon periods. Weakening of ground water levels in the district during pre-monsoon
period fluctuated from 0.08 to 0.80 m/year in 28 stations out of 38 stations with general deteriorating
inclination of 0.10 to 0.40 m/y, Sources and Availability: This gives data about availability of water sources
avail at Tirupati region. Tirupati region is mainly depending upon two main water sources which is located
nearby distance of Tirupati they are Kandaleru reservoir and Kalyani dam which is located at 32km and 17
km from Tirupati respectively. The municipal corporation of Tirupati is getting 39 MLD and 12 MLD from
these reservoirs. in addition to that the MCT is getting water from bores and hand bores and power bores is
connected to local pipe network to cater public daily needs Storage and Distribution: For distribution of
water the whole city is alienated into three water circulation zones spreading over the 36 wards. Water is
distributed from these Handling plants to 6 storage reservoirs situated in different places of the town. Per
capita supply and Supply duration: in lack of better administration the problems arising during supply and
lack of metering and supervision results delays in maintenance.
Nearly 78% of people are covered with water supply system by MCT and the remaining people depending
on bore wells and public taps Metering and Non-revenue water: Majority of connections does not have the
water metering and current metering is limited to 3.6% only of all connections. At present described NRW
is 15.7%, but while examination of NRW is forced by lack of metering at bulk levels and weak official data.
Based on the type and age of delivery network it is difficult to ensure water metering, lack of metering and
high level of unauthorised connections, NRW could be aloft of 25%. Service levels in slums: The
Shantytowns in municipal corporation Tirupati has sensible good access to water supply comparative to the
respite of the city.in slums there is widespread of pipe network of 54 km.

Figure 2 Represents the Water supply system

In water supply network the 100% results is achieved by providing 100% connections and by improving
water supply network without any losses and to plan the water supply network based on natural slope. This
results in lowering operation & maintenance costs. And by installing smart water meters the water is saved.

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 Preparation of Model Urban Action Plan For Effective Environmental Management: A Case Study From A.P

The main motto of installing smart meters is to create awareness of people about usage of water. To
supplement water of 100 MLD from Kandaleru can assuage water availability concerns and possible to
enlarge access to entire area by introducing a water master plan and to Possible to improve service delivery
gaps through a time-bound presentation and development program. Leakages are to be noticed by real time
Scada automation system to serve better

4.2. Transport development plans

The total roads covered area in Tirupati municipality are 157 km. In this the road of width varies from 28m,
20m, 18m, 15m, 12m, 9m,8m, 6m and <6m and only 20% of roads have pedestrian foot paths. The main
obstacles in the development of roads are the random growth of population in the city Another main problem
is less availability of land along main roads in city. In municipal corporation of Tirupati the main problem
arises due to unplanned road network and un availability of land.
In transport development plans the existing roads are to be expanded based on level of traffic and to
provide separate public transport ways like bus lanes and cycle ways etc. By providing by passes and to
extend main roads of widths varies from 28m to 6 m of ROW based on road type and area and by providing
Defined Carriageway, Pedestrian Footpaths on both sides the Road, Bus Stops, LED Smart Lighting powered
by Solar PV, Traffic signals and signages, Utilities ducts under footpaths, Covered Roadside Drains, Dust
bins, Trees guards, Wire free zone and so on.

Figure 3 Represents the Road Network

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 P. Krishnamraju, S. Shahabas and SS. Asadi

4.3. Waste water management

In waste water management, a widespread subversive sewer system was completed in MCT. The current
system covers the entire municipal corporation area except some areas i.e., about 42 Km of main drains and
182 Km of sub-main drains, branch drains, lateral drains and sub laterals drains. This structure can serve up
to 90,000 sewerage systems and has been calculated to aid a population of 4.5lakh. In waste water
management, the main challenges faced are; no metering in sewerage system and waste water is directly let
into drains, grey water is not correctly linked in many connections and reuse and recycling of grey water
percentage would be very less, pumping and capacity bottlenecks at STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) and only
primary treatment at sewage treatment plants no secondary treatment of waste water.
In waste water management, the present system needs to be rearranged. The study has identified that if
the following measures are implemented a drastic change can be brought out in the waste water management
system. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be a possible to improve connections /cost
recovery, possible to shift secondary treatment to excess land obtainable at STP site, Sewage treatment at
STP site, real time monitoring through SCADA, construction of 20 MLD STP for recycle & reuse of treated
water (at present, demand for 10MLD treated water) and to expand the present STP.

Figure 4 Represents the Waste water management

4.4. Storm Water Management:

Tirupati has mainly four storm water ways which is originating from Tirumala hills and pass through city. In
Tirupati city and city has 450.0 km span of storm waterways (including 28.25 Km kutcha drains, 421.75 km
pucca drains and 12.25 trunk mains). The town has nine stretches of storm waterways spread across North-
West to South-East and lastly connected to Swarnamukhi River. Nearly 30 - 40 percent of area is not enclosed
with drains. Surface drainage forms an important feature in the context of Tirupati Town since indecorous
design or obstruction to the natural drainage pattern can result in plain water logging and unsanitary
conditions in the town. In storm water management, the main challenges are grey water and sometimes black

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 Preparation of Model Urban Action Plan For Effective Environmental Management: A Case Study From A.P

water is directly let in to thedrains, solid waste directly dump into drains which blocks the flow of water and
improper maintenance and in appropriate inter linkages In storm water management storm water percolation
tanks/ check dams near Kapilatheertham, Malvanigundam, SV University, retrograding of 8 major drains,
rejuvenating diversion channels, new outfall drains, real- time monitoring system through SCADA
Automation, proposed for covered road side drains in retrofit area for all roads

Figure 5 Representing the sewage Network coverage map

4.5. Solid Waste Management

Regarding solid waste management, the entire waste produced /day in Tirupati is projected at 145 MT. The
main bases of generation of solid wastes in Tirupati town are local waste, commercial establishments waste
from markets, hotels and restaurants, etc. There are no special measures of collection of organic, inorganic,
radioactive and construction wastes. The whole 145 MT is being collected, elated and deserted at the dumping
site which is positioned at Ramapuram. There is no technical separation of biomedical wastes, radioactive
wastes, solid domestic wastes and organic wastes and there is no dispensation or engineered landfill facility.
The main challenges in solid waste management are poor provision levels, over staffed and high solid
waste management system costs of operation, negligible levels of door-to-door collection, un skilled staff,
weak responsibility, Lush scattering and choking of drains and no processing of wastes. Sanitary workforce
is not exposed to modern waste management advancements.
In solid waste management, there is possibility for rationalising operating costs through effectiveness
improvement, generating revenue from processing the wastes by recycling, reusing and by generation of
power, PPP interventions in secondary transfer and processing, segregation of wastes by separation of
organic, in organic, radioactive materials and construction wastes. And wastes are to be collected in efficient
manner by utilizing technology like smart bin technology and door to door collection in workable manner
and transfer wastes in efficient manner.

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 P. Krishnamraju, S. Shahabas and SS. Asadi

Figure 6 Representing the solid waste map

5. CONCLUSION
Major areas where conducted the study are water supply network, transportation, waste water management
and solid waste management. By achieving all those challenges prescribed above, we can make Tirupati city
a smart city. The challenges are achieved by improving water distribution system is by providing 100%
connections with smart water metering and building water storage ponds in water deficit areas; in sewerage
system 100% sewerage connections can be achieved by providing (additional 33293 connections); in
sanitation and solid waste management the wastes are to be collected by using smart bin sensor technology,
automated mechanism and utilizing the waste to generate revenue in terms of power generation and recycling
of wastes; in storm water management, it is managed to collect in the storm water percolation tanks/ check
dams near Kapilatheertham, Malvanigundam to utilize the storm water for future needs and to improve
ground water levels and in transport development plans. It is necessary to plan defined carriageway,
pedestrian footpaths and the expansion of existing roads and to improve defined bus ways to cater public in
better way.

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