Heritage of Bown Coal Industry Saxony - Prof. Dr. Phil. Habil. Helmuth Albrecht

The Heritage of Brown Coal
Industry in Saxony/Germany
International Scientific Symposium
The Industrial Heritage of Ptolemaida as a lever
for sustainable development: The case of LIPTOL
Ptolemaida/Greece, 11-12 March 2017
Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Helmuth Albrecht
TU Bergakademie Freiberg | Institute for Industrial Archaeology, History of Science and Technology (IWTG) | Silbermannstr. 2
D-09599 Freiberg/Germany | Tel.: 03731 / 39-3406 | www.tu-freiberg.de/fakult6/technikgeschichte-und-industriearchaeologie
Albrecht: Heritage of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony/Germany
Historic Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany
Deposits in use
Deposits out of use
Main historic deposits:

1. Rheinland (3 open pit mines)
2. Westerwald
3. Wetterau
4. Kassel
5. Helmstedt
6. Mitteldeutschland (3 open pit mines)
7. Niederlausitz (4 open pit mines)
8. Oberlausitz (Poland)
9. Malli
10. Finkenherd
11. Schwandorf
12. Oberbayern
13. Egertalgraben (Czech Republic)
2
Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany today (2015)

Helmstedt-District
1,8 million tons/year
2,9 TWh / 390 MW
Lausitz-District
55,2 TWh / 7.466 MW
Rheinland-District 4 open pit mines
77,5 TWh / 11.366 MW Middle German-District
3 open pit mines 20,9 million tons/year
20,2 TWh / 3.344 MW
3 open pit mines
Overall capacity of deposits: 77 billion tons, deposits in use: 4,4 billion tons,
annual coal production: 178 million tons, annual production of electricity: 155,8 TWh,
capacity of power plants: 22.566 MW
3
Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony
2
B
1
A
1. Leipzig-Halle
Saxony+Sachsen-Anhalt
2. Niederlausitz
Saxony+Brandenburg
3. Oberlausitz
Saxony+Poland
A Power Plant Lippendorf
B Power Plant Boxberg
4
Brown Coal Mining Districts in East Germany
2 Lausitz brown coal mining district
1 Middle German brown coal mining district
5
Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna
City of Leipzig
Open pit mine

Power plant
Profen
Lippendorf
Open pit mine

Vereinigtes Schleenhain
6
Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna

History
1704 First discovery of brown coal mining started with
small mines
1854 First incorporated enterprise
1864 First stock corporation
1870 Deep mining became dominant
1884 First briquette plant
1889 First miners settlement
1892 First larger open pit mine
1898 First overburden excavator
1912 Open pit mining became dominant
1920 First bucket-wheel excavator
1921 First large open pit
1924 First conveyor bridge
1927 Power plant Bhlen (largest worldwide)
1935 First Lurgi-smoulder plant
1942 Power plant Espenhain
1950 Start of landscape redevelopment
1966 First open pit with belt transportation
1990 Closing of most briquetting plants
1994 Foundation of the restoration company for the middle
German mining district
7
Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna
Open pit mine Vereinigtes Schleenhain
13 open pit mines (operation time)

Borna-Ost/Bockwitz (1960-1992) Peres (1963-1991)
Borna-West (1910-1970) Profen (1941 until 2035)
Cospuden (1981-1991) Schleehain (1949-1994)
Deutzen (1910-1963) Vereinigtes Schleenhain (1949 until 2040)
Espenhain (1937-1994) Witnitz (1911-1993)
Groitzscher Dreieck (1974-1991) Zwenkau (1921-1998)
Haselbach (1955-1977)
8
Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Vereinigtes

Schleenhain
Annual coal capacity: 9-11 million tons

Annual waste capacity: 25-30 million tons
Annual water pumping: 35-40 million m3
16 devastated municipalities (since 1949)
9
Brown Coal Power Plants in Saxony: Lippendorf
1926 First power plant at Bhlen

1965 Old power plant Lippendorf (4 x 100 MWel)
1999 New power plant Lippendorf (2 x 933,6 MWel)
TU Bergakademie Freiberg | Institute for Industrial Archaeology, History of Science and Technology (IWTG) | Silbermannstr. 2 10
Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz
Open pit mine

Jnschwalde
Open pit mine

Welzow-Sd
Open pit mine

Nochten
Power plant
Lippendorf
Open pit mine
Reichwalde
11
Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Niederlausitz
History (Saxony, Brandenburg)

1789 Discovery of the first brown coal deposits
1815 First underground mine (failure)
1851 First mines opened
1872 First briquetting plant
1894 First public power plants
1898 First waist chain dredger
1900 Around 60 briquetting plants
1906 Open pit mine Marga
1907 Garden town Marga (miners settlement, built until 1915)
1908 Briquetting plant Marga I (until 1991)
1912 Briquetting plant Marga II (until 1992)
1913 Open pit mine Werminghoff I (until 1945)
1918 Briquetting plant Werminghoff (until 1993)
1924 First waist conveyor bridge
1926 Power plant Plessa (until 1992)
1934 Open pit mine Werminghoff II (until 1960)
1950 Open pit mine Werminghoff III (until 1968)
1958 BHT-Plant Lauchhammer (high temperature briquetting)
12
Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz
30 open pit mines (operation time)

Brwalde (19731992) Niemtsch (19381966)
Bluno (19551978) Nochten (1968 until 2045)
Burghammer (19591973) Reichwalde (1985 until 2045)
Cottbus-Nord (19782015) Scheibe (19841996)
Dreiweibern (19811989) Schlabendorf-Sd (19751991)
Grbendorf (19811992) Schlabendorf-Nord (19591977)
Greifenhain (19361994) Sedlitz (19261980)
Jnschwalde (1974 until 2041) Seese-Ost (19831996)
Kleinleipisch (19461980) Seese-West (19621978)
Klettwitz (19511991) Skado (19391977)
Klettwitz-Nord (19841992) Spreetal/Tagebau Hoffnung III bzw. Brigitta (19081983)
Koschen (19531972) Spreetal-Nordost (19831991)
Laubusch/Grube Erika (19181963) Welzow-Sd (1962 until 2040)
Lohsa (19501984) Werminghoff I (19131945)
Meuro (19601999) Werminghoff II/Tagebau Glckauf II (19341960)
Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Nochten
Annual coal capacity: 19 million tons

14
Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Reichwalde
Annual coal capacity: 12 million tons

15
Brown Coal Power Plants in Saxony: Boxberg
1966 First power plant Boxberg

1980 Upgrading to 3.520 MWel
2000 Plant IV (900 MWel)
2012 Block R (675 MWel)
Old power plant

(1993-1998 closed)
Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Oberlausitz

Berzdorf mining district
1835 Underground mining at Berzdorf
1919 Open pit mining at Berzdorf
Berzdorfer Lake
1927 Flooding of the Berzdorf open pit
(former open pit mine)
1946 Reactivating of the Berzdorf open pit mine
1997 Closing of the Berzdorf open pit mine
2002 Again flooding of the Berzdorf open pit
Hirschfelde Power Plant

1911 Power Plant Hirschfelde I (3.200 KW)
1918 Hirschfelde II
1925 Hirschfelde I and II (110 MW)
Power Plant 1937 Hirschfelde I and II (156 MW)
Historic
Turw (Poland)
Power Plant 1942 Start of the extension of Hirschfelde II
Hirschfelde 1950 Supply of coal by open pit mine Turw in Poland
(until 1968)
Open pit mine 1960 Hirschfelde II (330 MW)
Turw (Poland) 1992 Closing Hirschfelde II monument protection
museum
17
Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Flooded former open pit mines
Leipzig-Borna mining district Oberlausitz mining district
Cospuden (321 ha) Berzdorf (679 ha)
Witznitz (1.875 ha) Olbersdorf (60 ha)
Zwenkau (970 ha)
Niederlausitz mining district

Brwalde (311 ha)
Bluno (630 ha)
Burghammer (904 ha)
Dreiweibern/Lohsa (3.585 ha)
Koschen (905 ha)
Scheibe (725 ha)
Spreetal (3.452 ha)
Werminghoff I (138 ha)
18

Leipziger New Lake District (23 lakes)
19

Lausitzer Lake District (7.000 ha)
IBA Project 11: Swimming Houses
20

Buildings and technical structures
Power plants
21

Briquetting
plants
22

Smoulder plant Bio-towers of a coking plant
Railways
23

Excavator Bucket excavator Tool and gear wagon
Conveyor Bridge Stacker

24
Ferropolis (open cast

Middle German pit Golpa-North
Route of Brown
Coal
Great Goitsche lake
ROMONTA refinement
Cosbuden lake
Mining landscape
Dehlitzsch
Geiseltal Lake
Markkleeberg and
Strmthal lake
Zwenkau lake
Open cast pit Profen
Open cast pit Schlehenhain
Mining waste tip Trages
Briquetting plant Zeitz Nature reserve open cast

pit Bockwitz
25
Power station Lippendorf Coal railway Meuselwitz
FERROPOLIS The City of Iron

Open air museum of large brown coal mining machinery at the
former open mine pit Golpa-Nord founded in 1995
26
Mining-Technology-Park at Leipzig New Lake District

Public association founded in 2002 (area of 5,4 ha)
27
IBA International Building Exhibition

Frst-Pckler-Land (2000 2010)
25 projects for the redevelopment of a former brown coal mining landscape
28
IBA International Building Exhibition

Frst-Pckler-Land (2000 2010)
25 projects for the redevelopment of a former brown coal mining landscape
IBA Visitors Centre Grorschen Power Plant Plessa Bio-Towers Lauchhammer
Conveyor Bridge F 60 Energy Factory Knappenrode (briquetting plant)
29
Industrial Archaeology Projects of the IWTG (TU Freiberg)

in the Saxon Brown Coal Regions
Documentation of the building and machinery of the Power Plant Hirschfelde (2015)
Documentation of the compactors of the Energy Factory Knappenrode (2016)

30
Challenges, achievements and problems of the redevelopment

of the former brown coal mining landscape in East Germany
Organisation
National level: Ministry of Economics + Ministry of Environment
State level: Saxony, Thuringia, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg
Local level: Active mining companies (2), LMBV (redevelopment company)
Financing
Old GDR mining areas: LMBV area of 120.000 ha, 1992-2017 = 10,67 billion
Active mining areas (till 2050): Mining companies
Achievements
Ecological and economic redevelopment of two large former mining areas (1992 ff.)
Development of two attractive tourist areas
Preservation of important technological and industrial heritage (partly)
Problems
Ecological: Water management, water quality, pollution, stability
Economic (Lausitz): Deindustrialisation, migration, ageing
Heritage: Financing, political interest
Thank you very much

for your attention
32

Heritage of Bown Coal Industry Saxony - Prof. Dr. Phil. Habil. Helmuth Albrecht

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Heritage of Bown Coal Industry Saxony - Prof. Dr. Phil. Habil. Helmuth Albrecht

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The Heritage of Brown Coal

Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Helmuth Albrecht

Historic Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany

Deposits out of use

Main historic deposits:

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Germany today (2015)

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony

Brown Coal Mining Districts in East Germany

2 Lausitz brown coal mining district

1 Middle German brown coal mining district

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna

Open pit mine

Open pit mine

Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna

Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Leipzig-Borna

Open pit mine Vereinigtes Schleenhain

13 open pit mines (operation time)

Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Vereinigtes

Annual coal capacity: 9-11 million tons

Brown Coal Power Plants in Saxony: Lippendorf

1926 First power plant at Bhlen

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz

Open pit mine

Open pit mine

Open pit mine

Brown Coal Mining District in Saxony: Niederlausitz

History (Saxony, Brandenburg)

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Niederlausitz

30 open pit mines (operation time)

Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Nochten

Annual coal capacity: 19 million tons

Open Pit Mines in Saxony: Reichwalde

Annual coal capacity: 12 million tons

Brown Coal Power Plants in Saxony: Boxberg

1966 First power plant Boxberg

Old power plant

Brown Coal Mining Districts in Saxony: Oberlausitz

Hirschfelde Power Plant

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Niederlausitz mining district

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Leipziger New Lake District (23 lakes)

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Lausitzer Lake District (7.000 ha)

IBA Project 11: Swimming Houses

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Smoulder plant Bio-towers of a coking plant

Monuments of Brown Coal Industry in Saxony:

Excavator Bucket excavator Tool and gear wagon

Conveyor Bridge Stacker

Ferropolis (open cast

Open cast pit Schlehenhain

Mining waste tip Trages

Briquetting plant Zeitz Nature reserve open cast

FERROPOLIS The City of Iron

Mining-Technology-Park at Leipzig New Lake District

IBA International Building Exhibition

IBA International Building Exhibition

IBA Visitors Centre Grorschen Power Plant Plessa Bio-Towers Lauchhammer

Conveyor Bridge F 60 Energy Factory Knappenrode (briquetting plant)

Industrial Archaeology Projects of the IWTG (TU Freiberg)

Documentation of the compactors of the Energy Factory Knappenrode (2016)