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of co-operative society act 1904. The word co-operation received from the Latin
thinking and working together. Generally it ilies living thinking and working
society ranging form family to Nation to build upon the foundation of co-
operation.
The first co-operative society for fishermen in the region that is now
and VALSAN (Hindu) and Christian fishermen by 1933 there were 95 co-
operatives was very disappointing the Govt. of Travancore through its co-
among fishermen.
apex federation of 654 primary fishermen co-operative society spread over t10
1
There are 340 operative societies in the marine sector, 183 in the inland
care into984 the federation has a district office in reach of the maritime district
Kerala.
2
Objectives of the study
Limitations of study
Even though the entire coastal area is covered with sufficient number of
away from their primary objectives. Most of them have only nominal
Researcher could not identify and collect the necessary data from these societies
3
Nammalwar and Prakasam (1979)
while studying the Status and Problem of Fishermen in the Marine Fishing
Industry point out that over-fishing threatens the fishery resources of our
Although advances have been made in fishing technology, practically it has not
reached the poor fishermen. Several factors such as low social status, poor
fishermen.
problems related to fishing resources in the State. This article analyses the
Keralas marine fishery. It also evaluates the output trends in the various phases
of Kerala fishery and the positive impact of a change in the policy paradigm on
fishermen in two marine fishing villages of Orissa State viz., Pentakota and
Belinoliasahi. They measured the economic status and the mean scores of
respondents in the two villages, which differed significantly at one per cent
4
level. The results also revealed that the fishermen had a favorable attitude
Rajan (1990) in his article "Credit and Capital Structure of Small Scale Fishing
Units in Kerala" studied the extent to which fishermen depend on credit for
investment in fishing units and also the association between the magnitude of
investment and borrowings. The study has analysed the capital structure and the
debt equity ratio and also examined the correlation between investment and debt
and concluded that the investment in the small scale fisheries was
heterogeneous and the loans provided by the organised sector were insufficient.
workers movement in India and abroad; which was largely an out come of
oceans, indebtedness of the fish workers and an acute threat to the survival of
fisheries. This study also discusses the organizational process from its inception
in the coastal villages in Kerala, first through the process of co- operativization
George (1998) studies the literacy levels of marine fisher folk from three
districts of Kerala, and finds that the educational backwardness of the marine
pattern and mode of production. From the analytical point of view he argues
5
that the inadequacy of political mobilization and consolidation of the
of Kerala.
6
Fishing
As indicated by Lorena Aguilar fishing here means capture through the use of
fishing gear or equipment of live aquatic organisms that move with a certain
speed.
Fisherman
defines fishermen as that category of persons who earn their main source of
process or market the same. The All India Census of Marine Fishermen Craft
and Gear69 defines marine fisherman as one who is engaged in marine fishing
Fisherwoman
are determined by the uncertanities of fishing. In a strict sense, the term woman
in fisheries is used to indicate women who are involved in fish related activities
like marketing, processing, net making, picking etc. Daniel Viswasam Samuel72
7
Veeraputhiran73 defines a fisherwoman as an active adult female decision
maker in a fishing family. In the present study, the term fisherwoman means
women who belong to the fishing community engaged in fishing and fishing
8
The Pre-requisites for Success
Kerala is no doubt depressing. To take refuge in the fact that this reflects the
five key factors for the few successes of cooperative ventures in fisheries the
world over:
fishermen.
Digby indicates that this list is arranged in the order of importance: the most
9
Commenting on the last factor-government policy as a starting point for the
The disadvantages are that governments are frequently in a hurry and hope to
achieve important long-term results with too little sustained effort and expense.
10
Survey of Fishermen
The present section seeks to assess the view points of the respondents
regarding their personal profile and general information related to the different
operative Societies in the marketing of fish and fish products in Kerala. In order
care was taken to select the respondents importantly so that they form a
representative sample of the entire population. For the purpose of study, the
are region, age, sex, religion, education, type of dwelling, marital status and
of these items will elicit a clear picture of the respondents selected for the study.
11
Table 4.1
Religion of the respondents
Valid Cumulative
Religion Frequency Percent
Percent Percent
Figure 4. 1
Religion of the Respondent
250
218
200
150 142
50
30
0
Christan Hindu Muslim
12
Table 4.2
Valid
Frequency Percent Cumulative
percentage
Less than
70 23.3 23.3 23.3
3000
Rs.6000-
34 11.3 11.3 100
12000
Figure 4. 2
Monthly Income of family
250
196
200
150
Freequency
Percent
100
70 65.3
50
34
23
11.3
0
Less than 3000 Rs.3000-6000 Rs.6000-12000
13
Table 4.3
Valid
Frequency Percent Cumulative
percentage
Male 252 84 84 84
Female 48 16 16 16
Figure 4. 3
Sex of the Respondents
300
252
250
200
150
Sex of the Respondents
100
48
50
0
Male Female
14
Table 4.4
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Percentage Percentage
Valid Below
7 2.3 2.3 2.3
20
15
Figure 4.4
8% 2% 5%
Below 20
20-30
30-40
35% 40-50
50 & Above
50%
Table 4.5
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percentage
Percentage Percent
16
Figure 4.5
9.1
Primary
UP
HS
35.5 College
21.8
3.2
17
Figure 6
4% 3% 12% Commission,Tax
Metirial
6%
Transport
23%
Wage
Food
Interest
Miscellaneous
7%
45%
18
SUMMERY
Thus the past studies indicate that the finishing workers carry out a
multiple role as regards the development of the marine fisheries and the costal
Economy. How ever often their economic activities are undervalued and are not
mostly in certain type of job like catching and marketing the fishermen are
fishermen for the formation of the much needed policy aiming at addressing the
This above discussion of literature point out that most of the studies pertaining
of the east.
19
FINDINGS
Age wise classification of the respondents reveals that only 2.3 per cent
respondents fall in the age group of below 20 years, 4.7 per cent in 20-30
years, 34.3 per cent in the age group of 30-40 years. However, a major
proportion of the respondents, i.e., 50 per cent appear under the age group of
40-50 years and 8.7 per cent fall under 50& above.
Gender wise classification of the surveyed respondents, out of 300
respondents, 252 were male and 48 females contributing to 84 per cent and
16 per cent of the total respectively. Majority of the respondents are male.
the respondents are Hindus, 42.7 per cent are Christian and the remaining 10
respondents are literate and the remaining 34.3 per cent are illiterate.
The education levels of survey respondents ranged from primary school,
upper primary, high school, and college. The mean education level was
middle school. Under the education category, 35.5 per cent respondents have
Primary education, 33.5 per cent fall in the Upper Primary education, 21.8
per cent appear under the High School education and only 9.1 per cent
20
members in their family, 14.7 per cent represents 8 10 family members and
only 2 per cent respondents have more than 10 members in their family.
The income Wise breakup of the respondents reveals that almost 65.3% of
the middle-income group. 23.3% of the respondents are coming under the
Active Fisherman, while only 23.3 per cent are Inactive Fisherman.
Out of 300 respondents, all of them are aware about Fishermen Co-
operative societies.
SUGGESTIONS
21
step like create institutions for marine or fishermen training, increasing
to motivate the fishermen and their allied to come up for better training and
education.
Every organization like government, private financial institutions, NGOs,
Otherwise, things will be very difficult while that will go for fish marketing.
To generate the admirable flow of skilled human resources in fishing
community. In most co-operative the members are boat owners who may or
22
Fishermen and management bodies of cooperatives should be educated
CONCLUSION
23
What we see in Kerala today is the consequences of a flawed
same malady.
24