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Douglas Reindl
Industrial Refrigeration Consortium
University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Wisconsin-Madison
1
What is required?
All ASME stamped vessels & components require
overpressure protection [UG-125]
Vessels & other stamped components that are to
operate completely filled with liquid shall be
equipped with pressure relief devices designed for
liquid service, unless otherwise protected against
overpressure. [UG-125(f)]
Relief valves must be certified [UG-129]
2
What is required non-
stamped equipment?
ASME B31.5-2010
501.4.2 Fluid Expansion Effects (Increased Pressure)
Consideration must be given to expansion of liquid
refrigerant trapped in or between closed valves and a
means provided to prevent overpressure.
3
ASHRAE 15-2010
ASHRAE 15-2010
4
IIAR 2-2008 (Addendum A)
11.4 states:
This section applies where specifically required by other
sections in this standard and either of the following is true:
a. Equipment or piping sub-section(s) are isolated manually for any
purpose, or
b. Equipment or piping sub-section(s) can be isolated automatically as a
function of normal operation, shutdown [by any means, including alarm
or power failure], standby, or equipment or component fault and can
trap liquid refrigerant in the isolated section.
5
IIAR 2-2008 (Addendum A)
11.4.3:
Hydrostatic relief valves shall not be used as shut off valves (See 10.3.4.)
6
Relief design basis
The situation and criteria that can create overpressure in a
component or subsystem
Examples
Vessels: overpressure caused by the change in state from
liquid to vapor due to an external heat addition
(Vapor relief)
Based on the radiative heat gain from a fire to a vessel or
protected piece of equipment (we called this an external load
situation)
Could include other sources of vapor addition: internal reliefs,
booster compressors, etc.
7
Relief design basis
Exception: See Section 9.7.8.1 for relief valves that discharge into
other parts of the system.
8
Oil-Side Internal Relief
Oil Separator
Oil Cooling HX
MAWP
Max PRV Set P
Oil Cooler Oil Separator
250 250 Not compliant
300 250 50
400 300 100
400 250 150
9
What to do?
Non-stamped Equipment:
Internal Relief
Lets assume we are going to use a small relief
regulator like an HA2BK
Hydrostatic relief service
Design Pressure
Max HA2BK Set P
Component Downstream
300 250
400 300
400 250
10
Sizing Analysis
The driver: Heat Addition (Q)
1 b Q
GPM
500.5 S c p
where
GPM required liquid volume flow rate [gpm]
Q heat addition [Btu/hr]
b volumetric coefficient of expansion [1/oF]
cp specific heat [Btu/lbm-oF]
S specific gravity of fluid (density relative to water at 62.4 lbm/ft3)
GPM f HS D L
where
GPM volume flow rate [gpm]
D pipe outer diameter [in]
L pipe length [ft]
11
Example: Oil-side of oil cooler
Oil cooler (ammonia system):
Overall dimensions: 8 x 54
No combustible materials within 20 ft
What flow is required for hydrostatic
overpressure protection of the oil side of the HX?
12
In summary,
When an engineering control for hydrostatic
overpressure protection for piping and other
equipment is required, following can be used:
Certified liquid service relief valve (coded equip)
Relief regulator (non-coded equipment)
Other appropriate device
All options require consideration of valve set or
opening pressure
Questions?
13