Escolar Documentos
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Spring 2016
Sam Palermo
Analog & Mixed-Signal Center
Texas A&M University
Announcements & Agenda
HW5 (Preliminary Project Report) Due Apr. 18
2
Multi-Stage Amplifiers
g m 2 g m8 g m 2 g m8
DC Gain AVDC Av1 Av 2
g o 2 g o 4 g o8 g o 7 g o 2 g o 4 g o8 g o 7
AVDC Gm Rout
1
Rout
g o8 g o 7
g m8 g m 2
Gm g m8 Av1
go2 go4 4
Two-Stage Miller OTA Frequency Response
5
Two-Stage Miller OTA Frequency Response
As
i01 2i01 i02 AVDC
s s
-v0
1 1
i01
i01 R1 C1 p1 p2
RL CL
vd -vd
M1 M1
VSS
Main equations
g m1 g m 3
AVDC
g1 g L
Phase Margin < 45 degrees
g AVDC
p1 1 (LHP)
C1
gL Phase
p2 (LHP)
CL
GBW AVDC * min p1 , p 2 (if dominant pole system, valid?)
u
1 1 u
Phase _ m arg in 180 tan tan p1 p2 u
GBW
p1 p2
g m1 g m 3 VSS
AVDC
g1 g L Phase compensation Pole splitting techniques!!
g1
p1 (LHP)
g m3 After compensation
C1 CM Phase Margin > 45 degrees
gL AVDC
Bandwidth is reduced!!!
g m3
p2 (LHP)
C1 C L
GBW AVDC * p1
g m1
CM GBW
GBW
Phase _ m arg in 180 tan 1 tan 1 GBW p1 p1 p2
u p2
p1 p2
-8-
TAMU-Elen-474 z)Silva-Martinez-08
Frequency Response Miller Compensation (Considering Jose
VDD
M2 M2 M3
s
i01 2i01
i02
AVDC 1
z
-v0 As
i01 i01 R1 C1 CM 1 s 1 s
RL CL
vd -vd p1 p2
M1 M1
Parasitic (bad) RHP zero!!
g m3
VSS
ZERO (RHP)
g m1 g m 3 CM
AVDC
g1 g L
g1
p1 (LHP) After compensation
g m3 AVDC Phase Margin > 45 degrees
C1 CM Bandwidth is reduced!!!
gL
g m3
p2 (LHP)
C1 C L
GBW AVDC * p1
g m1
GBW
CM
GBW p1 p1
p2
Phase _ m arg in 180 tan 1 tan 1 GBW tan 1 GBW
ZER
p1 p2 ZERO
GBW p2 O
-9-
TAMU-Elen-474 z Impact on Frequency Response Jose Silva-Martinez-08
VSS
1 u
1 u
u
Phase _ m arg in 180 tan tan tan 1
p1 ' p2 ' ZERO
After compensation
Phase Margin << 45 degrees
Phase is equivalent to having 3 poles
After compensation AVDC below unity gain frequency Unstable!
AVDC
Phase Margin > 45 degrees
Bandwidth is reduced!!!
GBW GBW
p1 p1 p2 p1 p1 p2
ZER ZERO
- 10 - u
GBW p2 O p2
TAMU-Elen-474 Jose Silva-Martinez-08
VSS
g m3
Can design R Z to improve phase margin
Non - zero R Z will push RHP to a higher frequency (initially)
1
RZ pushes the RHP zero to infinity
g m3
1
RZ pushes zero from RHP to LFP
g m3
C L CM C1
RZ can cancel p2
g m 3C M
- 11 -
Two Stage Miller OTA Noise
io2 8kT g m8
2 2
g m8
g m8 g m 7 2 g m 2 2 g m 4
f 3 o2
g g o4 o2
g g o4
Input - Referred Noise Voltage PSD
2
2
vi i 1 8kT g m8 g m 7
o 2 2 2 gm4
f f Gm 3 g m 2 g
2
g m 2 m8
g o 2 g o 4
12
ELEN-474
OPAMP Characterization
OPAMP Characterization
CC RC
OPAMP: DC Characterization
Vi How to measure/characterize it?
+
A(s) V0
- At DC vo A(s)
1
v i 1 A(s)
CC RC
If A(s)B(s) <<1 then the measured gain is
dominated by the OPAMP transfer function!
vo
vo
A(s) A(s)
v i 1 A(s)B(s)
AVDC vi
1 OPAMP
(open-loop)
sC C 1
B(s)
RC
1 1 sR C C C
sC C
Make sure 1
to set RCCC P1 A DC P1
C C
R C 1
such that GBW
R CCC
Jose Silva-Martinez -15- Texas A&M University
ELEN-474
OPAMP Characterization
DC Offset
Voffset
+
A(s) V0~Voffset
-
Vin
Vin
+
+ V0
V0 A(s)
A(s) -
-
AVDC
Vi
OPAMP
(open-loop)
P1
GBW
Enough phase margin
AVDC
Vi
OPAMP
(open-loop)
P1
Vin
+
A(s) V0
-
Slew-Rate
d
max Vo( t ) t
dt
VSS
Min output level
vi vo
Use a slow triangular input t Output
signal such that the raising swing
and falling edges are not
determined by slew rate Vmin
limitations
Small signal (~ 10 mV)
vo
vi
DC Offset
CC RC
Zin
R
RC and CC as large as possible!!
At Low frequencies:
C R C Zmeasured Zo (Why????)
At medium frequencies:
Zmeasured = Zo||RC
22