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INTRODUCTION
In this work the mechanism has been developed to stop the vehicle from rolling
backwards when the vehicle is moving in the hill roads. Ratchet and Pawl mechanism
has been identified to arrest the motion to the front axle. Anti-Roll Back mechanism
has been fabricated and tested on the front axle assembly. The mechanism works well.
The aim of the project is to design and construction of a module used for
vehicles in the hill stations. Auto breaking system is used when vehicle is
moving upward direction.
The project was divided into two phases. The First phase is to demonstrate the
application of MEMS. The second phase of the project attempts controlling
motors.
MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-systems) sensor is interfaced to micro
controller using I2c protocol, microcontroller receives the data from the
Also fabricate the model of the same which will show the working desired by
emergency braking on slopes in hill station roads.
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Scope
Full automation.
Semi automation.
1.4 Methodology
If the solenoid valve is activated, the compressed air passes to the Single
Acting Pneumatic Cylinder. The compressed air activates the pneumatic cylinder and
moves the piston rod. If the piston moves forward, then the breaking arrangement
activated. The breaking arrangement is used to break the wheel gradually or suddenly
due to the piston movement. The breaking speed is varied by adjusting the valve is
called FLOW CONTROL VALVE.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Suggested a hill holder mechanism holds the vehicle in slope for 2 seconds by using
the brake pressure. A device operable in a transmission of a vehicle for substantially
preventing vehicular rollback on an incline, comprising: a shaft rotatable which is
supported in a transmission housing; a gear selectively connected for common rotation
with the shaft, wherein the gear is rotatable in a first rotary direction and a second
rotary direction.
Utilized a load sensor connected with a wheel brake to sense a change in wheel
braking torque and communicate responsively with a mechanical brake control device.
If a car is stopped on an incline while the motor is still running, there's a good chance
that some kind of hill-start control will be needed. A sensor that detects an incline of
more than a certain amount, three degrees or more, can send a signal to the hill-start
control indicating that the vehicle has the potential to start rolling. The disadvantage of
incline detection is that sometimes a car maybe on an incline without needing the hill-
start control - for instance, when a tire slips into a pothole.
Stated that the use of piston cylinder device, controlled by an electronic unit which is
coupled to a hydraulic pressure system and acts on the brake pedal for two seconds.
The load cell with electrical control for braking system. But it requires continuous
electric energy for the production and display of signals. It also requires an
amplification circuit for the generation of output display because the signals produced
by the gauge itself are of very much low voltage almost in milli-volts. In a vehicle
having a clutch pedal and a brake pedal, a hill holder device is utilized to maintain the
A one-way clutch when engaged it prevents rolling of the vehicle. A device operable
in a transmission for substantially preventing vehicular rollback on an incline includes
a shaft, a gear, a one-way clutch, and a pawl member. The gear is selectively
connected for common rotation with the shaft. The gear is rotatable in a first rotary
direction and a second rotary direction. The one-way clutch has an inner race and an
outer race, where the inner race is connected to the gear and the outer race has an outer
surface having a plurality of engaging teeth. The pawl member has a first end and a
second end, where the first end is pivotal mounted to a transmission housing. The
second end of the pawl has a first angled portion configured to release and engage at
least one of the plurality of engaging teeth of the outer race as the outer race rotates in
the second rotary direction.
The aim of the project is to design and construction of a module used for vehicles in
the hill stations. Auto breaking system is used when vehicle is moving upward
direction . The project was divided into two phases. The First phase is to demonstrate
the application of MEMS. The second phase of the project attempts controlling
motors. MEMS sensor is interfaced to micro controller using I2c protocol,
microcontroller receives the data from the MEMS sensor and process it according to
the data from the sensor appliances are operated. Application are like refrigerators,
microwave ovens, Theaters hospitals etc.. I2C protocol is used for interfacing MEMS
Safety System
The aim is to design and develop a control system based on pneumatic braking system
of an intelligent electronically controlled automotive pneumatic braking system. Based
on this model, control strategies such as an 'antilock braking system' (ABS) and
improved maneuverability via. Individual wheel braking are to be developed and
evaluated. There have been considerable advances in modern vehicle braking systems
in recent years. For example, electronically controlled ABS for emergency braking,
electronically controlled hydraulically actuated individual brake-by-wire (BBW)
systems for saloon cars and electronically controlled pneumatically actuated systems
for heavy goods vehicles. The model is to be constructed in modular form thus
allowing the replacement / interchange of the various blocks and their associated
technologies. Upon completion of the full vehicle braking model, sensitivity analyses
Hydraulic Brakes:
The hydraulic brakes are applied by the liquid pressure. The pedal force is transmitted
to the brake shoe by means of a confined liquid through a system of force
transmission. The force applied to the pedal is multiplied and transmitted to brake
shoes by a force transmission system. This system is based upon Pascals principle,
which states that The confined liquids transmit pressure without loss equally in all
directions. It essentially consists of two main components master cylinder and
wheel cylinder the master cylinder is connected by the wheel cylinders at each of the
four wheels. The system is filled with the liquid under light pressure when the brakes
are not in operation. The liquid is known as brake fluid, and is usually a mixture of
glycerine and alcohol or caster- oil, denatured alcohol and some additives
Air Brake
Air brakes are widely used in heavy vehicle like buses and trucks which require a
heavier braking effort that can be applied by the drivers foot. Air brakes are applied
by the pressure of compressed air, instead of foot pressure, acting against flexible
diaphragms in brake chamber. The diaphragms are connected to the wheel brakes.
These diaphragms are controlled through a hand or foot operated valve. The brake
valve controls brake operation by directing the flow of air from a reservoir against
diaphragms in the brake chamber when the brakes are applied and from brake
chambers to tube atmosphere when the brakes are released. The air compressor, driven
by the engine furnishes compressed air to the reservoir fall below a set valve.
Electric Brake
IEEE 802.16 standard was designed to support the vehicle tracking system
applications with quality of service(QOS). Tracking system is used for tracking the
vehicles in hill stations with quality of service(QOS). With the help of subscriber
station(SS) can track the vehicles. Subscriber stations will provide signals to the
mobiles and vehicles .In this paper, we propose a scheme, named vehicle tracking
system, to track the vehicles without any interrupt in hill stations with quality of
service(QOS). The idea of the proposed scheme is to track the vehicles in the roads of
the hill stations which is coming in opposite direction and back of the vehicle.
Analysis and simulations are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Simulation and
analysis results confirm that the proposed can track the vehicles with the help of
subscriber station by given quality of service(QOS). Scheduling algorithms are
proposed to improve the overall throughput. The simulation results show that our
proposed algorithm improves the overall throughput by 40% in a steady network.
CHAPTER 3
Air brakes use compressed air to make the brakes work. Air brakes stop large and
heavy vehicles. Safely; but the brakes must be maintained and used correctly. Air
brakes are three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake and
emergency brake systems. The emergency brake system uses parts of the service and
parking brake systems to stop the vehicle if the service brake system fails. B. Air brake
system parts The air brake system consists of the following parts. 1). Air compressor
pumps Air compressor pumps air into the air storage tanks (reservoirs). It is connected
to the engine through gears or a V-belt. The compressor may be air cooled or cooled
ADVANTAGES
Brake cost will be less.
Free from wear adjustment.
Less power consumption
Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.
It gives simplified very operation.
Installation is simplified very much.
To avoid other burnable interactions viz. (Diaphragm) is not used.
DISADVANTAGES
Additional cost required for doing modification
APPLICATION
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION