Massachusetts Department of

ELEMENTAR
TA
TARY
RY & SECONDAR
ELEMENTARY RY
RY
SECONDARY Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System
Introductory Physics Formula Sheet

Formulas
Average Speed 5 F ma p mv

v m1 m 2
Average Acceleration 5 F G V IR
t d2
x q1 q 2
Average Velocity 5 F k P IV
t d2
KE 1 mv 2
vf vi a t 2 Q mc T

x vi t 1a t2 PE mg h v f
2

vf 2 vi 2 2a x W Fd c
f
vi vf W 1
Average Velocity 5 P T
2 t f

Variables
a 5 acceleration q 5 charge of particle
c 5 specific heat Q 5 heat
d 5 distance R 5 resistance
f 5 frequency Dt 5 change in time
F 5 force DT 5 change in temperature
Dh 5 change in height T 5 period
I 5 current v 5 velocity
KE 5 kinetic energy vi 5 initial velocity
l 5 wavelength vf 5 final velocity
m 5 mass Dv 5 change in velocity
p 5 momentum V 5 voltage
P 5 power W 5 work
PE 5 gravitational potential energy Dx 5 displacement

Definitions
c 5 speed of electromagnetic waves 5 3.00 108 m/s
2
11 N m
G 5 Universal gravitational constant 5 6.67 10 2
kg
2
k 5 Coulomb constant 5 8.99 109 N 2m
C

kg m J
g 10 m/s2 1N 1 2
1J 1Nm 1 W (watt) 1s
s

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