CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry. A flood
occurs when water overflows or inundates land that normally dries. Rainfall is the factor
in creating a flood. It can happen in a multitude of ways. Most common is when river or
streams overflow their bank. Each times there are more rains than the drainage system
can take, there can also be flood. Increased rainfall intensity and duration is causing more
extensive flooding.

During flooding, it is affecting water resources for human daily use such as for the
purpose of bathing, cooking or drinking. This is because, flooding impairs clean water
sources with pollutants. During and after flooding, water may be contaminated with
microorganism such as bacteria, sewage, heating oil, agricultural or industrial waste,
chemical and any other substances that can cause serious illness. Water supply is
disrupted and people struggle and suffer as a result.

Thus, clean water sources becomes the main issues because the utilization may be
limited, it may not reach any isolated area and its can lead to insufficient drinking water
supplies. Due to the inconvenience situation during flood regarding about the clean water
sources, we as an engineer try to overcome this matter to fulfill their need of drinking
water by propose details up the system of portable water filtration and fabricate some
component of the machine from the previous feasibility study for flood victims.

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2.0 Problem Statement

The water during flood is always be a huge problems to the victims because many
diseases can occurred from the water that can become contaminated with the existing of
microorganisms such as bacteria, sewage, dirt, oil, and industrial wastes and other
substances that can cause serious illness. The flood also can potentially increase the
number of communicable diseases transmission which is water-borne diseases such as
typhoid fever, cholera, leptospirosis, and hepatitis A and also vector-borne diseases such
as malaria, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. The bad quality of the water during
floods also makes the community out from the flood victims area exposed and pace the
same risks or even worst from the damage of the water. To overcome this problem, we
create this portable water filtration to supply more clean water that can be used by all the
flood victims and can be carrying at any place around the area of flood easily.

3.0 Objectives

To help flood victims to fulfill their need of drinking water during the flood
catastrophe
To provide portable water filtration which is moveable that can reach isolated places
during flood catastrophe
To design the portable water filtration with the application of UV to kill germs and
bacteria
To build an independent electrical supplies for this portable water filtration
Provide a green and friendly environment water filtration system
To detail up the design and fabricate some component of the water filtration
To propose few design of pallet rack frame and choose the best criteria for water
filtration system

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4.0 Suggested Improvements

A feasibility study and concept have been made before but lacks
of details. Therefore we are up to detail up the design and fabricate
some of the components in the feasibility design. Beside detail up the
feasibility design, we are going to propose new design of the
components to compare with it.

To improve the design of the portable water filtration, we

proposed a few suggestions that may spice up the design which one of
them is to study the fabricated capability. The fabricated capability will
be done specifically and more detailed. Each component in this
invention will be carried out in more detail.

As for fabricating the feasibility design, we going to do the

overall process fabrication to all the components. The first component
in the water filtration system is pump. The function of pump is to pump
water from flood water to filtration compartment and supply water for
turbine to generate power. Second component is turbine, the function
of turbine is to produce kinetic energy from water flow to obtain power
source. Third component is gear, the function is connect rotation
turbine to generator and generate different angular rotation to achieve
desired angular velocity. Fourth component is generator. The function
of generator is to generate kinetic energy to electrical energy and
produce power to device. Power storage is the fifth component in this
fabricated. The function is to store electrical energy that attracted by
the generator. The last component is inverter, the function of inverter
is convert DC current from battery to AC current for other appliance.

Besides all the important components, we have decided to focus

on fabricating the pallet rack body. We will detailed up the feasibility
design of it and some improvements will be made as well. We will
choose one suitable material that suit for ideal criteria of water

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filtration body which it of course weight more than 100kg after we
include all the important components for the system. The first process
we will begin measurement of the material. Then we will cut the
material according the design in the feasibility study. After that, we will
welding each of the cut material to combine every component to make
the rack. The finishing process such as grinding and polishing will be
carried out as it one of the improvements to make the pallet rack body
surface is smooth and will not cause any harm to customer if there are
sharp edges or unsmoothed surfaces.

Last suggestion, we proposed new design of pallet rack body to

compare with the feasibility design. All the ideal criteria of a rack body
will be considered and detailed up the calculations. The ideal criteria of
pallet rack body that we will design is including low cost, high
availability, withstand high compression, not easy to corrode and good
strength to weight and height.

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5.0 Process Flow of Fabrication

Choose suitable For each component

materials in system

Measuring each
component

Cut the material

Trimming each
component

Welding or screw
Joining each of the part

Finishing process

Testing

Figure 1: The process flow of fabrication of body rack frame.

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6.0 Gantt Chart

7.0 Table 1: Gantt chart of project.

9.0 Semester 1
8.0 Activity

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25.0 Title selection 26.0
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40.0 Planning 41.0
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55.0 Drawing 56.0
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70.0 Calculation 71.0
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85.0 Material selection 86.0
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100.0 Process of fabrication- measuring, cutting, 101.0
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trimming, joining (welding or screw), finishing
process, testing.
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117.0 Drawings
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Figure 2: Overall design of water filtration system.

Figure 3: Body rack frame design from

feasibility study.