Awwa M17

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association
Licensed by Information Handling Services

Installation, Field Testing,
and Maintenance of
Fire Hydrants
AWWA MANUAL M17
Third Edition
American Water Works Association

Copyright O 1970,1980, 1989
American Water WorksAssociation
6666 West Quincy Ave.
Denver, CO 80235
Printed in USA
ISBN 0-89867-460-3 Printed on reeyeled paper

A W W A M17 8 9 = 0783350 0 5 0 0 6 3 4 084 D
Contents
Foreword, v
Chapter 1 A BriefHistoryofFireHydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 Origins, 1
1.2 Iron Pipe and Permanent Access Points, 2
1.3 Development of Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 3
1.4 Recent Developments, 3
Chapter 2 Dry-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and

PreferredNomenclature . ..... ..... ..... ...... 5
2.1 Types of Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 5
2.2 Construction Terms for Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 9
2.3 Installation Terms for Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 10
2.4 Preferred Nomenclature for Dry-Barrel Hydrant Components, 10
2.5 Auxiliary Components for Dry-Barrel Hydrants, 15
2.6 Miscellaneous and Obsolete Hydrant Terms, 15
Chapter 3 Wet-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and

Preferred
Nomenclature . ..................... 16
3.1 Wet-Barrel Hydrants, 16
3.2 Construction Terms for Wet-Barrel Hydrants, 17
3.3 Installation Terms for Wet-Barrel Hydrants, 17
3.4 Preferred Nomenclature for Wet-Barrel Hydrant Components, 17
3.5 Miscellaneous and Obsolete Hydrant Terms, 19
Chapter 4 Inspection, Installation, Testing, and Placing the

Hydrant in
Service ........................ 20
4.1 Inspection Prior to Installation, 20
4.2 Installation,21
4.3 Testing, 26
4.4 Placing the Hydrant in Service, 27
Chapter 5 Maintenance . . . ................... 28

5.1 Uses of Hydrants, 28
5.2 Special-Use Concerns, 28
5.3 Inspection, 29
5.4 Lubrication, 31
5.5 Repairs, 31
5.6 Record Keeping, 33
Chapter 6 Flow Tests ....................... 39

6.1 Terms Used in Flow Testing, 39
6.2 Personnel and Equipment for Flow Tests, 40
6.3 Office Planning Prior to Field Testing, 41

6.4 Field Procedure for Flow Tests, 41
6.5 Cautions to Be Observed When Field Testing, 43
6.6 Warning About Rigid Diverters, 43
6.7 Determining Available Flow, 43
Appendix A Illustrated Guide to Dry-Barrel Fire

Hydrant
Nomenclature ...................... 51
Appendix B Illustrated Guide to Wet-Barrel Fire

Hydrant
Nomenclature ..... ................. 96
Bibliography, 116
Index,117

A Y Y A Ml17 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500b3b 957 m
Foreword
This manual was prepared by the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants.
It is intended for use by persons responsible for the installation, operation, and
maintenance of dry-barrel and wet-barrel fire hydrants. It is the second revision of
the original manual, which was published in 1970.
Thediversity of hydrantsandthe detailedmaintenance procedures recom-
mended byspecific manufacturers make it difficult to develop a text that is both
comprehensive and concise. Therefore, this manual is intended to be used as a sup-
plement to detailed information availablefrom specific hydrant manufacturers.
It is the judgment of the committee that the major purpose and function of a
fire hydrant is public fire protection. Usually, the hydrant is the property or respon-
sibility of thewater utility. However, duringfire emergencies thehydrantis
operated by members of a fire department rather thanby water utility personnel.
The use of a fire hydrant as a source of water for street cleaning, construction
projects, or for any purpose other than fire fighting is outside the primary purpose
for which a hydrantis installed. Such uses should be rigidly restricted and
controlled in the interest of keeping the fire hydrant in good working order for fire
fighting.
Thewaterutility,unless expressly relieved of its responsibility by the fire
departmentin accordance with a writtenagreement, public ordinance,orother
ownership, should schedule regular and sufficiently frequent inspections of hydrants
to ensure thy are ingood working condition.
Additional AWWA publications on hydrants include AWWA C502, Standard for
Dry-Barrel Fire
Hydrants, and AWWA C503, Standard for Wet-Barrel Fire
Hydrants. The bulkof the material in this manualrefers to hydrants claimed by the
respective manufacturers t o be manufactured in accordance with AWWA C502 and
AWWA C503; however, information is also included on hydrantsthatare not
intendedto comply withthesestandards,suchashigh-pressureandflush-type
hydrants. Installation practices described are consistent with AWWA C600, Installa-
tion of Ductile-Iron Water Mains and Their Appurtenances.
* * *
This manual was reviewed and approved by the AWWA Standards Committee
on Fire Hydrants. Members of that committee, at the time of approval, were as
follows:
S.F. Gorden (Chairman), Portland Water District, Portland,Maine

G.C. Anderson, I S 0 Commerical Risk Services, Inc., Parsippany, N.J.
E.E. Arasmith, Halsey, Ore.
E.E. Baruth, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
K.M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, Ill.
Jerry Bottenfield, Clow Corporation, Oskaloosa, Iowa
J. Bouchard, Fred F. James of New England, Boston, Mass.

T.J. Brown Jr., FactoryMutual Research Corporation, Norwood,
Mass.
K.J. Carl, Baldwin, N.Y.
E.J. Carville, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif.
Joe Daghe, Mueller Company, Decatur, Ill.
J.B. Donohoe, Birmingham, Ala,
L.J. Dosedlo, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, Ill.
S. Gudavicius, Edmonton Water and Sanitation, Edmonton, Alta.
T.C. Jester, Birmingham, Ala.
T.W. Knowlton, Salem-Beverly Water Supply Board, Beverly, Mass.
R.J. Kocol, Milwaukee, Wis.
R.L. Larkin, American-Darling Valve, Birmingham, Ala.
J.L. Lynn, James Jones Company, El Monte, Calif.
P.I. McGrath Jr., US Pipe & Foundry Company, Birmingham, Ala.
K.C. Mueller, Council Liaison, St. Louis County Water Company,
St. Louis, Mo.
H.E. Otte, Waterous Company, South St. Paul, Minn.
A. Parker, Los Angeles Fire Department, Los Angeles, Calif.
B.M. Platusich, Kennedy Valve, Division of ITT Grinnell Valve Co.,
Inc., Elmira, N.Y.
W.E. Powers, Department of Public Works, Milwaukee, Wis.
C.E. Reuben, Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif.
D.L. Tippin, City of Tampa Water Department, Tampa, Fla.
J.F. Wandyez, Erie County Water Authority, Buffalo, N.Y.
William Whitman, Springfield Water Department, Springfield, Mass.
M.P. Yoke, M&H Valve Company, Anniston, Ala.
The AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants gratefully acknowledges

the contributions made by members of the M17 Subcommittee in preparing this
manual.The committees efforts in developing thismanualanswerthe need for
expanded information on fire hydrants for the industry.
Appreciation is expressed to Ray Jackson, a pastchairman of the AWWA
Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants, whose personal dedication and leadership
as chairman of the committee made various AWWA publications a reality. Apprecia-
tion is also extended to E.E. Skeet Arasmith, chairmanof the M17 Subcommittee,
who served to make this greatly expanded edition of M17 as comprehensive and up-
to-date as possible.

Chapter 1
A Brief History
of Fire Hydrants
This chapter is based, in part,

on an article that appeared inthe September 1944 Jour-
nal AWWA(36:9:928). The drawings in this chapter are also taken from that article.
1 . 1 ORIGINS
Before there were water distribution systems, water for fighting fires was available
only from natural sources, such as rivers, lakes, and ponds, or from cisterns or bar-
rels kept filled with water.
The first large water distribution systems were built during the seventeenth
century in cities such as London and Boston. Over the course of many years, as the
needs of growing populations became more sophisticated and complex, distribution
systems were improved. Pipe materials improved, portable standpipes and valves
were incorporated, and eventually the forerunners of modern fire hydrants came into
use.
Londons first water distribution system was probably built in the early seven-
teenth century. In the United States, several water systems were built before or about
the time of the American Revolution. Bostons water system was built in about 1652,
and others were built in the latter partof the eighteenth century. The earliest water
mains were made by boring out logs; the mains were then buried. When water was
needed for fighting fires, a hole was dug to expose the pipe, and a hole was bored into
the pipe wall. Water collected around the pipe and was conducted by buckets or
through a hose directly to the fire or to a pump. After use, the hole in the pipe was
plugged with a tapered piece of wood-hence the term fire plug, which has persisted
to this day. The location of the pipe hole was marked so that if it was needed again, it
could be found and removed quickly.

A W W A M17 8 9 0783350 0 5 0 0 b 3 9 bbb
2 FIRE HYDRANTS
Figure 1 - 1 Fire-plug arrangement

with canvas cistern.
Figure 1-2 Ball hydrant,

patented about 1849.
Figure 1-3 Standpipe inserted Figure 1-4 Sluice-valve-type

directly into main socket. hydrant with two outlets.
1.2 IRON PIPE AND PERMANENT ACCESS POINTS

When cast-iron pipe replaced boredlogs as water mains in the early part of the
nineteenth century, it became impractical to bore random holes in pipes to gain access
to water. Instead, fittings with openings in them, or tees, were installed at intervals
along the length of the pipe. Wooden plugs were still used to close the openings, but
fire fighters no longer had to dig to find them. An iron shield with a removable cover
that extended from the tee to the ground's surface provided ready access to the plug.
At first, portable canvas tanks or cisterns were commonly used to collect the water
that spewed out when a plug was removed (Figure 1-1).Soon,however, portable

A W W A M17 8 9 0783350 0500640 3 8 8
HISTORY OF FIRE HYDRANTS 3
standpipes came into use. After removing the plug, one end of the standpipe was
inserted into thetee; a hose connected to the otherend of the standpipe carried water
to the pump.
Further development of this system in England resulted in a ball hydrant, in
which a ball in aniron chamber was attached to the water-main opening (Figure 1-2).
Water pressure held the ball against a seat; after the portable standpipe had been
attached, a rod could be used t o force the ball down and open the valve. Later, this
hydrant was modified by replacing the ball with a spring-loaded valve element, which
would remain closed even if water pressure was negligible.
These hydrant designs were the forerunners of the most popular hydrant in
North America today: the dry-barrel compression hydrant. With the early style, a
portable standpipe was transported to the fire scene and attached t o an accessible
main connection below the street surface (Figure 1-3). Early dry-barrel compression
hydrants were also commonly used in England and certain other countries.
Permanent connections in iron pipe led to other developments as well. One such
development consisted of a valve installed below ground, usually in a horizontal
branch of the water main. A rod for actuating the valve extended to just below the
ground surface, where it was accessible, and an elbow could be attached to the valve
outlet. In one version, the elbow terminated in a connection to which a portable
standpipe could be attached; in another,it terminated in a hose connection to permit
direct hookup of the hose.
1.3 DEVELOPMENT OF DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

In North America, the use of plug-type hydrants and early modifications of them
proved troublesome because of the freezing temperatures to which they were exposed
innorthern cities. To protect thehydrants from freezing temperatures,but still
provide easy access, the mains were buried relatively deeply with a pipe extending to
the ground surface. This allowed the valve to remain below the frost line, but still
provided an easy hose connection. To eliminate the need to empty water remaining in
the standpipe after use, a drain hole was provided in the standpipe just above the
valve. The drain hole was usually controlled by a valve that could be closed when the
main valve was opened and vice versa (Figure 1-4).
Two types of dry-barrel hydrants were used duringthe mid-1800s: flush
hydrants, which had the operating mechanism and hose connections in a pit with a
cover plate; and post hydrants, which extended above grade. The post hydrant soon
came to predominate. There were two reasons for this. Theobvious reason is thatpost
hydrants were easier to find and t o use, particularly in wintry, snowy climates. But
another reason may well have been more persuasive. In the early days, professional
and volunteer fire-fighting brigades competed against each other. (Initially, insurance
companies paid professional fire fighters to protect insured properties.) When a fire
alarm was sounded, one fireman from each groupwould race ahead of his company to
secure a hydrant for his brigade to the exclusion of its rivals-and it was easier to sit
on a post hydrant than to sprawl over the pit of a flush hydrant.
1.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

When buckets or hand pumps were used to carry water from a hydrant t o a fire,
hydrants did not need to be served by high pressure nor did they require very large
valve openings. The volume of water available to fight a fire was limited by the
capacity of the conveyance rather than thesize of the valve opening. Because buckets

and hand pumps could carry only limited amounts of water, hydrants with relatively
small valve openings were usually more than adequate.
When steam-driven pumps became available, the flows from older hydrants with
small valve openings often proved inadequate, so hydrants with larger valve openings
came into use. Initially, a 4-in. diameter valve opening was considered adequate, but
eventually 5-in. and 6-in. sizes were developed. Today, the vast majority of hydrants
are connected to the main by 6-in. pipe. Most main valves are 4V4 in. to ij1/2 in. in
diameter. Hydrants may include one or two outlets for connecting large-diameter hose
plus one or two outlets for ZVz-in. or 3-in. hose.
Dry-barrel hydrants currently produced are post hydrants and are usually fur-
nished withdrain valves thatare automatically operated by the main-valve
mechanism. The lower barrels of these hydrants are in direct contact with the ground.
The most popular style of the dry-barrel hydrant is thetraffic model, which has both
a breakable barrel and operating rod parts located at the ground line. These com-
ponents are designed to break on impact, thereby protecting the remainder of the
hydrant from damage. The design permits quick and inexpensive repairs should the
hydrant be struck by a vehicle. Due to their popularity, traffic-model hydrants have
become the unofficial industry standard.Dry-barrel flush hydrants aregenerally used
only in areas of vehicular traffic, such as parking lots or roadways.
Where freezing temperatures are rare and never persistent, particularly in the
coastal areas of California and Hawaii, wet-barrel hydrants are often used. The wet-
barrel hydrant isdesigned so that the entireinterior of the hydrant ispressurized at
all times. It is equipped with one or more valved outlets above the ground to which
hoses can be connected. Some designs have auxiliary valves that close if the hydrant
is broken, thus preventing local flooding.
Several designs of tamperproof hydrants have been developed in recent years.
These havebuilt-inorattached devices that discourage unauthorizeduse of the
hydrant by requiring the use of special equipment for the removal of outlet caps or for
operation of the valve-opening mechanism.

A W W A M27 87 0783350 O500642 150
AWWAMANUAL W r\
Chapter 2
Dry-Barrel Hydrants:
Definitions and
Preferred Nomenclature
A fire hydrant is a valving device connected to a water main. Fire hoses can be
attached to outlet nozzles on the hydrant. The hydrant discharges water at a high
rate, primarily for fighting fires.
2.1 TYPES OF DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

Dry-barrel hydrants get their name from the fact that water is drained or pumped
from the barrel when the hydrant is not in use. Dry-barrel hydrants are pressurized
and drained through the workings of a main valve located in the baseof the hydrant.
When the main valve is opened, the barrel is pressurized; when the main valve is
closed, the barrel drains. Thistype of hydrant may be used almost anywhere, but is
especially suited to areas where freezing weather occurs.
In a dry-barrel hydrant, a single main valve is located in the base of the hydrant
adjacent to the inlet connection. In addition, the dry-barrel hydrant isequipped with
an automatically operated drain valve. When the main valve is closed, the drain valve
automatically opens, draining all water from the barrel of the hydrant. When the
hydrant is opened, the drain valve automatically closes. The main valve is located
below the normal frostline to protect the hydrant from freezing. This allows the dry-
barrel hydrant to be used almost anywhere. Three variationsof dry-barrel hydrants
are defined below.
Compression type. In this type of hydrant, the main valve moves reciprocally
on a vertical axis against a seat located in the hydrant base.The valve moves against
the seat to close and away from the seat t o open. It is moved by a vertical stem; the
stem moves up or down when the operating nut is rotated.The valve may be located

6 FIRE HYDRANTS
Lower
"_ ~-------.....""~
Barrel
Stem
Drain-Valve Facing
I
_ _ - - - - - -Upper Valve Plate

"-----Valve Seat Ring
Drain Outlet
Main Valve
Lower Valve Plat !
Base
Figure 2- 1 Compression-type hydrant, opens against pressure.
below the seat andopen against the pressure (Figure2-1) or above the seat andopen
with the pressure (Figure 2-2).
Toggle type. In this type of hydrant, the main valve moves reciprocally on a
horizontal axis against or away from a vertical seat located in the base of the hydrant
(Figure 2-3). The main valve is moved by means of a vertical stem that has left-hand
andright-handthreads. Rotation of the stemcauses thearms of the toggle
mechanism to move the main valve. The valve moves away from the seat to open and
against the seat to close. The main valve always opens with the pressure.
Slide-gate type. In this type of hydrant, the main valve consists of a gate that
moves vertically by means of a threaded stem.When the stemis rotated, it causes the
internally threaded gateto move. The gate is forced against thevalve seat by a wedg-
ing mechanism. The valve seat is installed in the base of the hydrant (Figure 2-4).
Special Hydrants
Flush hydrants. Flush hydrants are designed and constructed for installation
completely below the ground line. Flush hydrants are installed in pits, which are

DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS 7
--- Drain-Valve Rod
--- Stem
< _ C -
,Upper Valve
_<
,/ Plate
Main Valve
_,
,
.

4
-5
Figure 2-2 Compression-type hydrant, opens with pressure.
usually furnished with removable covers. They are intended for use in areas where
post hydrants would interfere with vehicle movement.
Frost-jacket hydrants. Frost-jacket hydrants have a sheath, or frost jacket,
attached to the base and surrounding the lower barrel, extending up to the ground
line. In this type of hydrant, the barrel, nozzle section, and all other hydrant parts
above the base can be removed as a single unit.
High-pressurehydrants. High-pressure hydrantsare designed and con-
structed for working pressures above 150 psig (1034 Wa [gauge]). These hydrants are
not within the scope of AWWA C502 or AWWA (2503, but are produced by several
hydrant manufacturers. One design of high-pressure hydrant is the high-pressure
pilot-valve hydrant. Other high-pressure hydrants manufactured in the United States
*AWWA C502, Standard for Dry-BarrelFire Hydrants; AWWA C503, Standard for
Wet-Barrel Fire Hyrants.

.."_""" Stem Coupling
""
"-1
Lower Valve
Plate
se
Main Valve
-Valve Seat
Ring
__- Drain-Valve
_.'
__" " Facing
__I-
r* ______ Drain Valve
,- """
"""
__.-
""
""."
"""""" Drain Outlet
Figure 2-3 Toggle hydrant.
and Canada are similar to standard hydrants but are strengthened in materials and
design.
High-pressure pilot-valve hydrants.These hydrants differ from other high-
pressure hydrants in the design of the main valve. There is a small valve, or pilot
valve, in the center of the main valve. The pilot valve opens before and in tandem
with the main valve, equalizing pressure on both sides of the main valve with a con-
trolled volume of water. This reduces operating torque in high-pressure applications,
which makes the main valve easier to open. The pilot valve also greatly reduces the
potential of hydrant vibration or chatter.

""." E! i
""" """""""""
Stem
Base
,, Gate
,'
"
";; Valve Seat
/' Ring
Valve
.. """..............U Outlet
Figure 2-4 Slide-gate hydrant.
2.2 CONSTRUCTION TERMS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

Direction to open: The direction in which the operating nut is rotated to open
the hydrant; open left is counterclockwise when viewed from above, while open right
is clockwise.
Dry-top: A compression-type hydrant in which the operating mechanism at the
top of the hydrant is sealed from the barrel so that water does not come into contact
with the mechanism during hydrant use.

A W W A M17 89 m 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 O500647 7 3 2 m
10 FIRE
HYDRANTS
Frost jacket or protection cover: A sheath that surrounds the barrel and extends
from the bottom of the hydrantto the ground line. It is not used in hydrants currently
produced.
Hose connection: An outlet to which 3-in. or smaller hose can be connected.
Hose gate: A gate valve attached to hydrant outlet (see item 16, Sec. 2.4). The
attachment may be permanent or temporary.
NOTE: Only gate valves that require several turns of the operating handle to
open or close should be used as hose gates.
Main-value opening: The inside diameter of the valve seat ring. Also referred to
as the valve opening.
No-drain hydrant: A dry-barrel hydrant that is not equipped with a drain valve,
or one in which the drain outlets have been plugged. Such hydrants are generally
used where the groundwater level may be above the level of the drain outlets. No-
drain hydrants mustbe pumped out or otherwise emptied after each use.
Pipe connection: The inlet of the hydrant at which connection is made to the
hydrant lead.
Post hydrant: Any hydrant thatextends above the ground line, with the pumper
or hose connection above the ground line. (All hydrants are post hydrants, except
flush hydrants. See flush hydrants in Sec. 2.1.)
Pumper connection: A n outlet to which hose 3Vz-in. or larger can be connected.
n a f f i c model: A hydrant designed and constructed so that, if it is struck by a
vehicle, certain easily replaceable components will break and allow the upper portion
(above the ground line) tobecome detached from the lower portion (below the ground
line). The below-ground section will remain intact and undamaged.
Wet top: A compression-type hydrant in which the operating mechanism at the
top of the hydrant isnot sealed from the water when the hydrant isopened.
2.3 INSTALLATION TERMS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

Auxiliary value: A gate valve or other type of valve that is installed in the pipe
that connects the hydrant to the water main (that is, the hydrant lead). The auxiliary
valve can be closed to isolate the hydrant. It is also called the hydrant gate.
Bury: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the bottom of
the pipe connected to the hydrant inlet,measured to the nearest 6-in. increment.
Cover: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the top of the
pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measured to the nearest 6-in. increment. (Use of
this measurement is discouraged in favor of bury.)
Ground line: The nominal elevation to which the hydrant barrel isto be buried
during installation.
Hydrant gate: See auxiliary valve.
Hydrant lead: The pipe connecting the hydrant to the water main. The hydrant
lead is also called the branch or lateral.
Dench: See bury.
2.4 PREFERRED NOMENCLATURE FOR DRY-BARREL

HYDRANT COMPONENTS
The preferred nomenclature for dry-barrel hydrant components is listed below. These
terms have been agreed upon by the manufacturers representatives on the AWWA
Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. This preferred nomenclature was developed
in order to clarify the names of hydrant components for hydrant users. Figures 2-1

A W W A M17 89 m 07113350 0500648 h79 m
through 2-5 indicatethepreferrednomenclature for severaltypes of dry-barrel

hydrants.* It should be noted that these figures are composites and do not represent
a particular manufacturers product. The following list gives the preferred name for
each part, a reference number, and a brief description of each part. Components are
listed below innumericalorder by reference number. Due to differences ineach
hydrantbrand, not all components are identical or comparable by term. Some
hydrants contain components that areunique to that hydrant.Therefore, some
hydrants have components for which there is no preferred term.
1. Operatingnut. An external hydrant part that is turned by ahydrant
wrench in order to rotate the stem nut or stem; it may be integral with the stem nut
or stem.
2. Weather shield. A part that forms a skirt above and surrounding the open-
ing in the hydranttop through which the stem, stem nut,or operating nut protrudes.
It may be integral with the operating nut.Also called weather cap.
3. Stem nut. A part that is internally threaded and engages with threads on
the stem so that when the part is rotated, or when the stem is rotated and the stem
nut is stationary, the stem is raised or lowered to move the valve. Also called operat-
ing nut, operating stem nut, revolving nut.
4. Stem. A part of the operating mechanism that extends down to the main-
valve assembly and moves the main valve to close or open the hydrant. The stem is
often in two parts, particularly in a traffic model: the upper stem and thelower stem.
Also called upper rod, lower rod.
5. Stop nut. A part that is permanently threaded or otherwise attached to the
stem and limits the vertical travel of the stem. Also called stem stop, travel-stopnut.
6. Stuffing box. A cylindrical cavity that surrounds the stem and contains a
number of packing rings used to prevent leakage along the stem. The stuffing box
may be an individual component or a portion of another component. Also called pack-
ing box.
7. Packing gland. A part that compresses packing rings in a stuffingbox. Also
called packing pusher.
8. Gland bushing. A part that is used to line a gland.
9. Packing plate. A part that partitions the interior of the hydrant and con-
tains or supports a stuffing box or other means of sealing one compartment from
another. Also called seal plate, support ring.
10. Bonnet. A part that attaches to the top of the nozzle section and encloses
the support portions of the operating mechanism. It may be integral with the nozzle
section. Also called hydrant cap, cover.
11. Nozzle section. A part that extends upward from the barrel and contains
the outlet nozzles. It may be integral with the upper barrel. (When the nozzle section
is integral with the upper barrel, the part maybe referred to as the upper standpipe
or upper barrel. This is not preferred nomenclature.)
12. Outlet nozzle. The outlet nozzle is secured in the nozzle section and has
an opening through which water can be discharged. The outlet nozzle is threaded or
*Of course, allhydrants do notcomprise thesame components.The diversity of

components, and the manufacturers various names for each component, can make for much
confusion. To further illustrate
this manuals
system of preferred nomenclature,a
cross-referenced guide is included in appendix A. The Appendix consists of aseries of
drawings and parts listsfor dry-barrel hydrants produced by several manufacturers. For most
parts indicated on eachdrawingaregiventhepartnumberandnamesupplied by the
manufacturer and the corresponding part number and name designated by this manuals
system of preferred nomenclature.

A W W A M17 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500b47 505 =
12 FIRE HYDRANTS
i-
1
Bonnet
Stem
Packing Gland
"""""""__".""
I Packing Plate
Stuffing Box
Packing
T'hreaded
or
Caulked
Oku
Nozzle Lead /',.
Section
or
Upper
Barrel
Lower
[ """ Breakable Flange
Barrel I
Figure 2 - 5 ~Composite dry-barrel hydrant-upper barrel; compression type-opens against

pressure.

A W W A M17 89 = 0783350 0 5 0 0 b 5 0 227
otherwise formed to permit attachment of a fire-hose connection. Also called nozzle,

spud.
13. Hose outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle that has an opening that is 3 in. or
smaller in diameter, and is suitablefor attachment of a 3-in. or smaller fire hose.
14. Pumper outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle with an opening at least 3l/2 in.
in diameter, suitable for attachment of 3I/2-in. or larger fire hose. Also called steamer
nozzle, steamer connection.
15. Outlet-nozzle cap. A cap that is attached to an outlet nozzle and covers
the nozzle opening. The cap is furnished with a nut or other means to permit the
application of force adequate to firmly attach it to or remove it from the outlet nozzle.
16. Hose gate. A valve that can be attached to a hose outlet nozzle or secured
to the nozzle section. The hose gate is finmished with hose threads or is otherwise
formed to permit attachment of a fire-hose coupling. The hose gate isnormally opened
and closed by a rotating valve handle; the hose gate is used to control the flow of
water from the hydrant when the main valve is open. (The main valve should never
be used to control hydrant flow; such use could damage the hydrantor hydrant instal-
lation.) Also called hose valve.
17. Stem coupling. A part that joins the portions of a two-part stem. Also
called rod coupling.
18. Frangiblestemcoupling. A stem coupling designed to break if it is
stressed severely, should a vehicle strike the hydrant.Also called breakable coupling,
frangible valve-rod coupling.
19. Upper barrel. A part that extends from the lower barrel at the ground line
t o the nozzle section, enclosing the stem. It may be integral with the nozzle section.
Also called upper standpipe. (When the upper barrel is an integral part of the nozzle
section, then the term nozzle section would incorporate the term upper barrel.)
20. Lowerbarrel. A part that extends from the base to the ground line,
enclosing the stem. The lower barrel conducts water from the base to the upper por-
tion of the hydrant. Also called standpipe.
21. Breakable barrel coupling. A coupling used to fasten the upper barrelto
the lower barrel. It is designed to break if stressed severely, should a vehicle strike
the hydrant. Also called frangible standpipe coupling.
22. Breakable flange. A part that bolts to a mating flange at a joint between
the hydrant upper and lower barrels, which is located immediately above the ground
line. It is designed to break if stressed severely, should a vehicle strike the hydrant.
Also called breakaway flange, traffic flange.
23. Breakable bolt. Bolts used to fasten the upper barrel to the lower barrel.
Breakable bolts are designed to break if stressed severely, should a vehicle strike the
hydrant. Also called frangible bolt.
24. Main valve. A part made of rubber,leather,balata gum, or asimilar
resilient material; the main valve is forced against a seat t o form a watertight seal
when the hydrant is closed. Also called valve, valve rubber, valve-ball rubber, valve
seat, valve gasket, valve disc.
25. Upper valve plate. A support for the main valve, positioned above the
valve. The upper valve plate may also serve as the portion of the drain valve that is
moved when the stem rotates. It may also serve as the means to prevent rotation of
the valve, stem, and associated parts. Also called top plate, upper valve washer,
valve-ball top, valve top plate, valve plate, hydrant-valve top.
26. Lower valve plate. A part that is positioned below the main valve and
clamps the main valve against the upper valve plate. Also called lower valve washer,

A W W A ML7 89 W 0783350 0500651 163
14 FIRE HYDRANTS
Nozzle
Section
or
Upper I""
:
Barrel "
"
"
""-
""
""
Coupling
-i
""
""
t-
""
_"" "-" - - - - - - - - - Breakable Bolts

________-.
Barrel
F" """""""" Breakable Flange
Figure 2-58 Composite dry-barrel hydrant-upper barrel; compression typ-pens with pressure.

A M M A M17 8 7 = 0783350 0500b52 OTT m
27. Valve seat ring. A part threaded into and sealed to the hydrant base (or
associated part adjacent to the base). The main valve is forced against the valve seat
ring to close the hydrant.Also called seat ring, valve seat.
28. Seat-ring insert. A part with internal threads that is secured and sealed
to the hydrant base. The internal threads engage with the external threads on the
valve seat ring. The seat-ring insertmay also serve as a part of the drainsystem. Also
called drain ring, retainer ring, subseat, insert ring.
29. Gate. A part that supports the main valve. It is moved, first horizontally
and then vertically, t o open or close the main valve opening in a slide-gate hydrant.
Also called main gate.
30. Base. A part that provides a lateral connection to the hydrant lead and
directs the flow vertically upward into the lower barrel. Also called shoe, bottom, boot,
elbow.
31. Drain valve. A valve located at or adjacent to the valve seat ring. The
drain valve opens automatically when the main valve is closed; this allows water to
drain from the barrel into the ground. In likefashion, the drainvalve closes automati-
cally when the main valve is opened. The mechanism is usually designed so that,
when the main valve is being opened, the drain valve closes completely after only one
to five turns of the operating nut. .
32. Drain outlet. The opening inthe base (or adjacent part of the base)
through which water escapes to the ground when the drain valve is open. Also called
drain bushing, drip tubing, drain-hole liner, drain cup.
2.5 AUXILIARY COMPONENTS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

In addition to standard hydrant components and equipment used in the construction
and installation of hydrants, the following auxiliary components are sometimes used.
Hydrant meters: Portable flowmeters that can be attached to a hose nozzle to
measure the flow rate or the total flow over a period of time.
Independently gated outlets: Independently gated outlets operate in the same
way that hose gates operate, but are integral with the nozzle section instead of
screwed on to the nozzles. Dry-barrel hydrants with independently gated outlets are
available from some manufacturers.
Backflow-prevention devices: In some instances, local authorities may require a
means to prevent backflow from hydrants into the watersystem. Where groundwater
levels may be above the level of the hydrant lead, no-drain hydrants should be
specified and installed. Backflow preventers in the drain connection or the hydrant
lead are not considered practical. When hydrants areused to furnish water to a tank
truck that is a nonpotable water source, such as a high-velocity sewer cleaner, a
backflow-prevention device consistent with the degree of hazard should be used.
2.6 MISCELLANEOUS AND OBSOLETE HYDRANT TERMS

Higbee cut: The abrupttermination of the outermost thread on athreaded
outlet.
Steamer connection: A term formerly used for pumper connection. See pumper
connection in Sec. 2.2.

Chapter 3
Wet-Barrel Hydrants:
Definitions and
Preferred Nomenclature
3.1 WET-BARREL HYDRANTS

Wet-barrel hydrants are used in areas where freezing temperatures are rare and not
persistent. Unlike a dry-barrel hydrant, a wet-barrel hydrant does not have a main
valve. Instead, the barrel isfull of water and pressurized as long as the lateralpiping
to the hydrant is under pressure and auxiliary
the valve ahead of the hydrantis open.
In other words, under normal operating conditions the entire interior of the hydrant
is subjected to water pressure at all times. Each outlet nozzle has an independent
valve that controls discharge from that particular outlet.
Wet-barrel hydrant: A hydrant that has one or more valve openings above the
ground line, with the entire interior of the hydrant subjected to water pressure at all
times. Each valve can be operated independently of the other valves.
Special Hydrants
High-pressurehydrants. High-pressurehydrants are designed and con-
structed for working pressure above 150 psig (1023 kPa [gauge]). These hydrants are
not within the scope of A W A C502 or A W A C503," but are produced by several
hydrant manufacturers and several utilities. One design of a high-pressure hydrant
designed by a utility is illustrated in appendix B. This design uses a special angle
globe valve.
*AWWA C502, Standard for Dry-Barrel FireHydrants; AWWA C503, Standard for
Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrants.

A W W A ML7 8 9 0783350 0500654 972
I WET-BARREL HYDRANTS 17
I 3.2 CONSTRUCTION TERMS FOR WET-BARRELHYDRANTS

Direction to open: The direction in which the operating nut is rotated to open
the valve on a given outlet; open left is counterclockwise when viewed facing the
operating nut, while open right is clockwise.
Hose connection: An outlet to which 3-in. or smaller hose can be connected.
Hose gate: A gate valve attached t o a hydrant outlet. The attachment may be
permanent or temporary. Temporary attachments are made with threaded outlets.
NOTE:Only gate valves that require several turns of the operating handle to
open or close should be used as hose gates.
Valve opening: The inside diameter of the valve seat ring.
Pipe connection: The inlet of the hydrant at which connection is made t o the
hydrant lead.
Post hydrant: Any hydrant that extends above the ground line with the pumper
or hose connection above the ground line. (All hydrants are post hydrants, except
flush hydrants. See flush hydrants inSec. 2.1.)
Pumper connection: An outlet to which hose 3l/2 in. or larger can be connected.
i 3.3 INSTALLATIONTERMS FOR WET-BARRELHYDRANTS

Auxiliary valve: A gate valve or other type of valve that is installed in the pipe
that connects the hydrant to the water main (that is, the hydrantlead). The auxiliary
valve can be closed to isolate the hydrant. It is also called the hydrant gate.
Bury: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line and the bottom of
the pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measuredto the nearest 6-in. increment.
Cover: The nominal vertical distance between the ground line andthe top of the
pipe connected to the hydrant inlet, measuredto the nearest 6-in. increment. (Use of
this term isdiscouraged in favor of the word bury.)
Ground line: The nominal elevation to which the hydrant barrel isto be buried
during installation.
Hydrant gate: See auxiliary valve.
Hydrant lead: The pipe connecting the hydrant to the water main. The hydrant
lead is also called the branch or lateral.
Dench: See bury.
3.4 PREFERRED NOMENCLATURE FOR WET-BARREL

HYDRANT COMPONENTS
The preferred nomenclaturefor wet-barrel hydrant components is listed below. These
terms have been agreed upon by the manufacturers representatives on the AWWA
Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants. This preferred nomenclature was developed
in order to clarify the names of hydrant components for hydrant users. Figure 3-1
indicates the preferrednomenclature for three types of wet-barrelhydrants.* It
*Of course, all hydrants do notcomprise thesame components.The diversity of

components, and the manufacturers various names for each component, can make for much
confusion. To furter illustrate
this manuals
system of preferred
nomenclature, a
cross-referenced guide is included in appendix B. The Appendix consists of aseries of
drawings and parts lists for wet-barrel hydrants produced by several manufacturers. For most
parts indicated on eachdrawingare given thepartnumberandname supplied by the
manufacturer and the corresponding reference number and part name designated by this

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0 5 0 0 b 5 5 809
18 FIRE HYDRANTS
+----
'..
Operating
Nut
....
""Stuffing Box
............Valve Washer
Retainer Top
............ Retaining Section
Nut I
Bury Section
Two-piece Hydrants One-piece Hydrant
Figure 3-1 Composite wet-barrel hydrants.
should be noted that these diagrams arecomposites and do not represent a particular
manufacturer's product. The following list gives the preferred name for each part, a
reference number, and a brief description of each part. Components are listed below
in numerical order by reference number. Due to differences in each hydrant brand,
not all components are identical or comparable by term. Some hydrants may have
unique components for which no preferred term has been assigned.
1. Top section. The aboveground portion of thehydrant, constructed as a
single piece or as a two-piece unit.
2. Body. The aboveground section of a one-piece hydrant. Also called body
head.
3. Hydrant head. The upper portion of the top section of a two-piece hydrant.
This portion contains valve mechanisms and outlet valves. Also called body head, top
section.
4. Barrel. The lower portion of the top section of a two-piece hydrant. Also
called spool, lower body.
5. Bury section. The below-ground section of the hydrant, constructed either
of a single piece (lower bury ell) or two pieces (lower bury ell and riser).
6 . Stem. The part that extends to the outside of the hydrant top section and is
rotated with a hydrant wrench to move the valve washer away from or toward the
valve seat. Also called valve stem.

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500656 7 4 5
WET-BARREL HYDRANTS 19
7. Valve carrier. A part that supports the valve washer from the pressure
side. The valve carrier is supported by and fits on the stem. Also called carrier, disc
holder.
8. Valve washer. A part made of rubber, leather, or similar resilient material
that is forced against the valve seat to form a watertight seal when the valve is
closed. Also called valve rubber, disc, valve insert.
9. Valve-washer retainer.A part, carried by the stem, that is infront of the
valve washer and is used to retain the valve washer against the valve carrier. Also
called retainer,
10. Retaining nut. A threaded hexagonal nut used to secure the parts of the
valve assembly together on the stem and to prevent the valve assembly from becom-
ing loose. The retaining nut may contain slots for insertion of a cotter pin or similar
device. Also called disc retaining nut, nut, slotted nut.
11. Stuffing box. A cylindrical cavity that surrounds the stem and contains a
number of packing rings or O rings used to prevent leakage along the stem. The stuff-
ing box may be an individual component or a portion of another component. Also
called stem sleeve, insert, stem guide.
12. Stem bushing. An internally threaded, stationary part that engages the
threads on the stem so that when the stem is rotated, thevalve assembly is moved to
close or open the hydrant.
13. Hose outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle that has an opening smaller than
31/2 in. in diameter and is suitable for attachment of a fire hose. This connection is
commonly 2% in. The inside of the hose outlet nozzle is machined to form a seating
surface for the valve washer. Also called hose valve nozzle, seat, outlet.
14. Pumper outlet nozzle. An outlet nozzle with an opening at least 3% in.
in diameter, suitable for attachment of a 3V2-in. or larger fire hose. The inside is
machined to form a seating surface for the valve washer. Also called outlet, seat.
15. Outlet-nozzle cap. A part that is attached to an outlet nozzle and covers
the nozzle opening. The cap is furnished with a nut or other means to permit the
application of force to firmly attach it to or remove it from the nozzle. Also called pro-
cap, hose cap.
16. Lower bury ell. A part that connects the top section or riser of a wet-
barrel hydrant to the hydrant lead.
17. Valve seat. A part that is secured and sealed to the nozzle. The valve
washer isforced in order to close the hydrant. The valve seat may be integral with the
outlet nozzle. Also called seat ring.
18. Riser. A section of pipe used to vertically extend a lower bury ell. Also
called midsection, standpipe.
3.5 MISCELLANEOUS AND OBSOLETE HYDRANT ERMS

Higbee cut: The abrupt termination of the outermost thread on a threaded out-
let.
Steamer connection: A term formerly used for pumper connection. See pumper
connection in Sec. 3.2.

Chapter 4
n
Inspection, Installation,
Testing, and Placing the
Hydrant in Service
The fire hydrant is one of the most important parts of a water distribution system,
but is often one of the most ignored. Hydrants stand idle for long periods of time and
are vulnerable to damage, but they are expected to workwell in emergencies. To
ensure that hydrants will operate correctly when they are needed, the proper proce-
dures must be followed when they are inspected, installed, tested, and maintained.
4.1 INSPECTION PRIOR TO INSTALLATION

Hydrants should be inspected at the time of delivery to verify compliance with
specifications and to check for damage during shipment. Specifications to be checked
during the initial inspection include the size and shape of the operating nut and its
direction to open, depth of bury, size and type of inlet connection, size of the main
valve (for a dry-barrel hydrant) or valve washer (for a wet-barrel hydrant), outlet
nozzle sizes and configuration, and thread style.
The hydrant should be cycled to full open and full closed positions to ensure that
no internal damage or breakage has occurred during shipment and handling. All
external bolts should be checked for tightness.
Shortly after delivery, hydrants should be pressure and leak tested on a statisti-
cally sampled basis. It is not uncommon for outlet nozzles and pressure bolting to
loosen as a result of rough handling during shipping and storage. Loose nozzles or
pressure bolting may cause leakage during a pressure test. Tightening the flange
bolting, the caulking of leaded-in nozzles, and the tightening of threaded-in nozzles
will prevent or eliminate minor leaks. In most cases, tightening is all that is needed
to achieve a satisfactory pressure test.
20

A W W A M17 B9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500658 518 D
INSPECTION, INSTALLATION, TESTING 21
After inspection, the hydrant valve should be closed and the outlet-nozzle caps
replaced to prevent the entry of foreign matter. Hydrants should be stored with the
inlets facing down. Whenever possible, hydrants in storage should be protected from
weather and the elements.
Hydrants should be reinspected just before installation.
4.2 INSTALLATION
Following proper procedures ensures correct installation and, later, a lower main-
tenance cost. Refer to AWWA C600, Standard for Installation of Ductile-Iron Water
Mains and Their Appurtenances, for a detailed description of proper installation and
testing methods. Typical hydrant installations are illustrated in Figures 4-1and 4-2.
The following recommendations are in accordance with AWWA C600:
1. Connect fire hydrants only to water mains adequately sized to handle fire
flows.
2. Install hydrants as plumb as possible.
3. Locate fire hydrants in accordance with the local fire code or the local fire
authority.
4. Where no fire code or authority exists, install hydrants away from the curb
far enough to avoid damage from or to vehicles as they turn. The recommended set-
back is 2 ft (0.6 m) minimum from the face of the curb to the point on the hydrant
nearest to the curb.
5 . The pumper outlet nozzle should face the street in order to provide a quick
connection to the fire pumper.
6. Make sure that the outlet nozzles are high enough (at least 12 in. 130 mm])
above the ground line to allow for attachment of hoses and operation of the hydrant
wrench. There should be no obstructions that prevent or retard hydrant operation or
hinder removal of outlet-nozzle caps.
7. Always install an auxiliary valve between the hydrant and the supply main
to permit isolation of the hydrant for maintenance purposes.
8. Provide thrust restraint for the auxiliary valve so that the hydrant may be
removed without shutting down the main.
9. Remove foreign matter from the hydrant lead before installing the auxiliary
valve and hydrant.
10. Locate the auxiliary valve as close to the main as possible.
11. In setting a hydrant use a firm footing, such as stone slabs or a concrete
base on firm ground, to prevent settling and strainon the hydrant lead joints.
12. Provide for thrust restraint of the hydrant by strapping, blocking, or using
a restraining type of joint. See Figure 4-3 for examples of restraints.
13. When pouring thrust blocks for dry-barrel hydrants with drains, exercise
care not to plug or block the drain holes.
14. Install traffic hydrants with extra care to ensure that there is adequatesoil
resistance to avoid transmitting shock to the hydrants lower barrel and hydrant
inlet. In loose or poor load-bearing soil it is suggested that a concrete collar, about
6 in. (150-mm) thick, with a diameter of 2 ft (0.6 ml, be installed around the hydrant
lower barrel at or near theground line. When installing hydrants on a PVC main, the
concrete collar is of extra importance. Inareas of substantialfrostpenetration,
expansion-joint material should be placed between the hydrant and thecollar.
15. When installing hydrants on PVC mains, the hydrant lead should be made
of the same material as the main. This will help to protect the main from damage if
the hydrant is hit during a traffic accident. (If the breakable portion of the hydrant

A W W A M17 89 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500659 4 5 4
22 FIRE HYDRANTS
1-2 f t Minimum+
Concrete collar for protection of traffic-
model hydrants in sandy soil or for
+Flange
/ hydrants connected to PVC mains.
-I
E3ury
30 in. Minimum // \
*;
Figure 4-1 Typical dry-barrel hydrant installation.

A W W A ML7 89 0783350 0500660 L76
NOTE:Joint-restraining gaskets may be used in

place of yokes and rods.
> -0

Reprinted with permission, Los Angeles

Department of Water and Power. -
Figure 4-2 Typical wet-barrel hydrant installation.

- To Hydrant
To Hydrant
e or Anchor Tee
Top of Curb
WithAnchor Pipe
WithoutAnchorPipe
W
Copyright O 1986 City of Colorado Springs, Water Division. Reprinted with permission.
Figure 4-3 Examples of hydrant restraints.

Table 4-1 Color Scheme to Indicate Flow Capacity
Flow
gpm at 20 psig (LISat 140 kPa)" Color
greater than 1000 (60) Green
500-1000 (30-60) Orange
less than 500 (30) Red
*This is the calculated flow a t a calculated residual of 20 psi (140 kPa) and with the actual residual on a n adjacent nonflow-
ing hydrant being 40 psi (280 kPa) or greater. When the actual observed residual on the adjacent nonflowing hydrant is less
than 40 psi (280 kPa), thecolor scheme should be based on one half of the observed flow. An alternative scheme for color coding
may be related to thesize of the water mainsupplying the hydrant.
fails to function properly, the hydrant lead could be broken. If the hydrant lead was
ductile cast iron and the main line was PVC, the main could be damaged.)
16. Provide for drainage from dry-barrel hydrants. One acce table method is to
excavate the area around the hydrant base, then place about V 3 yd (0.25 m3) of clean
stone t o a level 6 in. (150 mm) above the drain outlets. The stone should extend at
least 1 ft (0.3 m) on all sides of the hydrant. To keep the drainage pit from clogging,
the stone should be covered with 8-mil (0.2-mm) polyethylene o r similar waterproof
material before backfilling. This practice permits ready hydrant drainage after use.
17. When a hydrant is installed in an area with a high water table, it may be
necessary to plug the drain outlets.
18. Hydrants with plugged drain outlets must be marked and pumped dry after
each use in order to protect them from freezing.
19. Do not connect hydrant drains to a sanitary sewer or storm sewer.
20. In rural areas where no curb exists, use large setbacks or other means to
protect hydrants from traffic, always being sure that the hydrant is accessible to fire-
fighting equipment.
21. The adoption of a color scheme to indicate flow capacity is optional.
However, if such a scheme is to be used, the uniform color coding system shown in
Table 4-1 is recommended. According to this system, hydrant topsand caps are
painted to indicate the hydrant's expected flow rate. This color scheme is consistent
with NFPA" 291, Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants.
22. Hydrants must be highly visible and unobstructed at all times. Therefore,
whether or not a color code is used, hydrants should be painted with colors that are
easily visible both day and night.
23. Hydrants installed as part of new main construction can be disinfected by
opening and closing the main valve during the disinfection of the main. The hydrant
should be flushed after disinfection of the main valve to remove the high concentra-
tion of chlorine solution.
24. Hydrants installed on an existing main should be disinfected before instal-
lation. This may be accomplished by spraying a solution of 300 mg/L chlorine into the
hydrant inlet and through the outlet-nozzle openings. The chlorine solution should be
flushed from the hydrant immediately after installation.
25. Foreign material may have been left in newly laid lines or hydrant leads.
This material can damage valves and valve seats and also affect the results of pres-
sure tests. After backfilling and before disinfecting the main, operate the hydrant to
flush out any foreign material.
*National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.

A W W A M17 89 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500bb3 985 =
26 FIRE HYDRANTS
4.3 TESTING
AWWA C502 permits dry-barrel hydrants with unplugged drain outlets to have an
allowable leakage of 5 fluid odmin (0.25 m u s ) through the drain valve. Therefore, the
main valve should not be opened at the sametime that the water main is tested. The
auxiliary valve should be closed during water-main tests (seeAWWA C600). However,
if it is possible to temporarily plug the drain outlets, then the hydrant and main may
be tested a t the same time.
After the hydrant is installed and, when possible, before backfilling (and after
pressure testing the water main), the hydrant should be tested as follows.
Pressure Test'at Main Pressure

1. Remove the highest outlet-nozzle cap and open the hydrantvalve a few turns.
Allow water to reach the bottom of the outlet nozzle. (If the hydrantis furnished with
a tapped-plug air vent, then it is not necessary to remove the nozzle cap. Just open
the air vent.)
2. Replace the outlet-nozzle cap and leave it loose to permit all air to escape, or
close the tapped-plug air vent.
3. After all air has escaped, tighten the outlet-nozzle cap.
4. Open the hydrant completely. (Opening the hydrant fully before all the air
has escaped will compress the air andcause a safety hazard.)
5. Checkfor leakage a t flanges,outlet nozzles, andthe packing or O rings
around the stem.
6. If leakage is noted, repair or replace the faulty components or the entire
hydrant.
7. Repeat the test until results are satisfactory.
Pressure Test at Pressures Above Main Pressure

1. Connect a pressure-test pump to one of the hydrant's outlet nozzles.
2. Open the highest outlet-nozzle cap.Open the hydrant valve a few turns.
Allow the hydrant to fill until water is at the bottom of the outlet nozzle.
3. After all air has escaped, tighten the outlet-nozzle cap.
4. Open the hydrant completely.
5. Close the auxiliary valve.
6. Pump up to test pressure (usually 150 psi L1034 Wal).
7. Checkfor leakage at flanges,outlet nozzles, andthe packing or O rings
around the stem.
8. Repair or replace hydrant, if necessary.
9. Repeat the test until results are satisfactory.
10. Open the auxiliary valve.
Drainage Test for Dry-BarrelHydrants

1. Following the pressure test, close the hydrant main valve.
2. Remove one outlet-nozzle cap and place the palm of one hand over the outlet-
nozzle opening.
3. Drainage should be sufficiently rapid to create a noticeable suction.
4. If the hydrant fails the drainage test, partially open the hydrant with the
outlet-nozzle caps on to create a pressure that will clear the drain valve. If this fails,
then the drain-valve assembly should be removed and inspected. If the drain valve is
clear, then the problem may be that the drain outlet is pluggedfrom outside the

hydrant. Repair will require diggingdown around the outside of the hydrant and
clearing the drain outlet.
4.4 PLACINGTHE HYDRANT IN SERVICE -

The following steps are recommended for placing a hydrant in service.
1. After testing and backfilling, the hydrant should be flushed and tested to be
sure that it is bacteriologically safe before it is put intoservice.
2. Tighten the outlet-nozzle caps. Back them off slightly so they will not be
excessively tight, but tight enough to prevent their removal by hand.
3. Clean the hydrant exterior t o remove dirt accumulated during installation. If
necessary for protection or appearance, the exposed portion of the hydrant should be
painted with one or more coats of the utilitys standard paint.

A W W A Ml17 83 W 0783350 0500665 758
Chapter 5
Maintenance
To ensure that a hydrant will work correctly when it is needed, a periodic testing and
maintenance program must be followed. Although hydrants are operatedby members
of the fire department, it is generally the water utilitys responsibility to maintain
them in working order.
In many small communities, especially where the water purveyor is not the
same political entity as the fire department, agreements have been made with the
individual fire departments to maintain and test fire hydrants. While this practice is
worthwhile, it should be remembered that unless there is averifiable agreement, the
owner of the hydrant retains theresponsibility for maintenance and inspection of the
hydrant.
5.1 USES OF HYDRANTS

The primary purpose of a fire hydrant is fire suppression. However, hydrmts also
serve other useful functions. For example, hydrants provide a method of testing the
distribution systems flow capabilities. They also provide a means for flushing the
system mains, for street cleaning and sewer cleaning, for street and building con-
struction, and for recreation.
While each of these functions mightbe of great importanceto certain individuals
or groups, the primary purpose-firesuppression-is paramount. Hydrant owners
have a moral obligation to see that adequate fire flow can be delivered from every
hydrant under theirjurisdiction. If adequate flow cannot be delivered by a particular
hydrant, then that hydrant is not fulfilling the primary purpose. If that is the case,
the hydrant should be removed. A hydrant signifies to the public that water for fight-
ing fires is available.
5.2 SPECIAL-USE CONCERNS

When themain valve of adry-barrel hydrantis left partially open, substantial
amounts of water may leak through the drain valves. Depending on the volume of
leakage and the soil in which the hydrant is located, the results can be relatively
minor or catastrophic. For example, a hydrant with the main valve left partially open
28

AWWA ML7 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500666 6 9 4
MAINTENANCE 29
located in easily saturated soil will fail to drain properly after main valve closure.
Excessive leakage can undermine a hydrant located in soil that is easily washed
away.
When in use, the main valve of a dry-barrel hydrant should always be complete-
ly opened to ensure that the drainvalve is closed. Instructions to this effect should be
given to all persons authorized to use the hydrants, including fire fighters, contrac-
tors, street cleaners, and summer playground supervisors. ( A n isolation valve should
be connected to the hose nozzle each time the hydrant is used for purposes other than
fire fighting. This allows the user to control the flow without moving the main valve.)
When hydrants are repeatedly used as a water source during new construction,
the owner must consider ways to protect the hydrant, protect the water from con-
tamination through backflow, and also control consumption. Adequate protection and
control can be achieved through installation of a hose gate on the outlet nozzle, a
hydrant meter, and an acceptable backflow-prevention device. When the hydrant is in
use, the main valve must be left in the fully open position. Users should be instructed
to control flow through the hose gate on the outlet nozzle instead of operating the
main valve.
The use of hydrants to fill street sweepers, sewer-flushing trucks, and sewer
high-velocity cleaners requires special attention. The connection of a hose from the
hydrant to the truck,even through a check valve, is considered a cross connection and
therefore hazardous. Hydrant owners may require each truck to have an acceptable
in-line backflow-prevention-device connection. Another solution is to identify water-
ing points that can be protected by backflow-prevention devices, such as reduced-
pressure devices (RPD) and/or air gaps.
In all communities, hydrants are occasionally used by unauthorized individuals.
When unauthorized use of hydrants becomes a problem, special control techniques
may be required. Common control techniques involve legal action andpenalties
against the offenders and the installation of special operating nuts and nozzle caps
that can be operated only with special wrenches. The special operating nut and
wrench designs make it difficult to remove outlet-nozzle caps or to operate the
hydrant with standard tools.
Occasionally, a hydrant is installed where vehicular traffic inflicts repeated
damage to the hydrant. Under such a condition, it is best to move the hydrant.
However, if that is not possible the hydrant may be protected by installing a barrier
of vertical pipes or steel rods approximately 3 ft (1 m) from the hydrant.
5.3 INSPECTION
All hydrants should be inspected regularly, at least once a year, to ensure their satis-
factory operation. In freezing climates, dry-barrel hydrants may require two inspec-
tions per year. A common technique is to perform one inspection in the fall and
another in the spring. In severe freezing conditions, periodic winter inspections may
also be required. Winter inspections are especially important for dry-barrel hydrants
that are installed in areas with high groundwater levels (whether or not the drain
outlet is plugged).
It isadvisable to inspectall types of hydrantsafter each use. Dry-barrel
hydrants with permanently plugged drains must be pumped out after each use and
then inspected. During freezing conditions, after-use inspections are especially
important for dry-barrel hydrants.
To reduce manpower, inspection crews should be equipped to repair all hydrants
atthetime of inspection. However,some jurisdictions prefer to have hydrants
inspected by one person and repaired by a follow-up crew.

Dry-Barrel Hydrant Inspection Procedure
1. Check the hydrants appearance. Remove obstructions around it. If paint is
needed, either paint the hydrantor schedule it for painting. Check to see whether the
hydrant needs to be raised because of a change in theground-surface grade. If adjust-
ments are needed, schedule the work.
2. Remove one outlet-nozzle cap and use a listening device to check for main-
valve leakage.
3. Using a plumb bob, check for the presence of water or ice in the hydrant
barrel.
4. Replace the outlet-nozzle cap. Leave it loose enough to allow air to escape.
5. Open the hydrant only a few turns. Allow air to vent from the outlet-nozzle
cap.
6. Tighten the outlet-nozzle cap.
7. Open the hydrant fully. Check for ease of operation. Certain water conditions
may cause hard-water buildup on the stem threads of toggle and slide-gate hydrants
and on the threads of wet-top hydrants. Opening and closing the hydrant repeatedly
usually removes this buildup. If the hydrant hasno threads in thewater, but operates
with difficulty,check the lubrication before proceeding with the inspection. Other
problems that may make operation difficult are stuck packing and bent stems.
8. With the hydrant fully open, check for leakage at flanges, around outlet noz-
zles, at packing or seals, and around the operating stem. Repair as needed.
9. Partially close the hydrant so the drains open and water flows through under
pressure for about 10 s, flushing the drain outlets.
10.Close the hydrant completely. Back off the operating nut enough to take
pressure off of the thrust bearing or packing.
11. Remove an outlet-nozzle cap.
12. Attach a section of fire hose or other deflector to protect the street, traffic,
and private property from water expelled at high velocity. (See warning about rigid
diverters in Sec. 6.6.)
13. Open the hydrant and flush to remove foreign material from the interior
and lead.
14. Close the hydrant. Remove the deflector and check the operation of the
drain valve by placing the palm of one hand over the outlet nozzle. Drainage should
be sufficiently rapid to create noticeable suction. For no-drain hydrants, pump the
water from the barrel.
15. Using a listening device, check the main valve for leakage.
16. Remove all outlet-nozzle caps, clean the threads, check the condition of the
gaskets, and lubricate the threads. (Graphite powder in oil works well, as do several
of the never-seize compounds.) Check the ease of operation of each cap.
17. Check outlet-nozzle-cap chains or cables for free action on each cap. If the
chains or cables bind, open the loop around the cap until they move freely. This will
keep the chains or cables fi-om kinking when the cap is removed during anemergency.
18. Replace the caps. Tighten them, and then back off slightly so they will not
be excessively tight. Leave them tight enough to prevent their removal by hand.
19. Check the lubrication of operating-nutthreads.Lubricate per the
manufacturers recommendations.
20. Locate and exercise the auxiliary valve. Leave it in the open position.
21. On traffic-model hydrants, check the breakaway device for damage.
22. If the hydrant is inoperable, tag it with a clearly visible mark and notify the
fire department. This may save fire fighters valuable timein an emergency. Schedule
the hydrantfor repair.

MAINTENANCE 31
Wet-Barrel Hydrant Inspection Procedure

1. Check the hydrants appearance. Remove obstructions around it. If paint is
needed, either paint the hydrantor schedule it for painting. Check to see whether the
hydrant needs to be raised because of a change in theground-surface grade. If adjust-
ments are needed, schedule the work.
2. Remove outlet-nozzle caps and check for valve-washer leakage.
3. Install a test outlet-nozzle cap.
4. Open each valve and test for ease of operation. If stem action is tight, open
and close several times until opening and closing actions are smooth and free.
5 . Clean the cap and nozzle threads. Inspect and replace damaged cap gaskets.
Lubricate the nozzle threads. (Graphite powder in oil works well, as do several of the
never-seize compounds.)
6. Check the outlet-nozzle-cap chains and cables for free action on each cap. If
the chains or cables bind, open the loop around the cap until they move freely. This
will keep the chains or cables from kinking when the cap is removed during an emer-
gency.
7. Replace the caps. Tighten them, and then back off slightly so they will not be
excessively tight. Leave them tight enough to prevent their removal by hand.
8. Locate and exercise the auxiliary valve. Leave it in the open position.
9. If the hydrant is inoperable, tag it with a clearly visible mark and notify the
fire department. This may save fire fighters valuable time inan emergency. Schedule
the hydrant for repair.
5.4 LUBRICATION ~- _I_
For detailed information onhow to lubricateaparticularhydrant, contact the

hydrants manufacturer. The following general guidelines should be used in conjunc-
tion with the manufacturers recommendations.
1. Determine if the hydrant uses oil or grease on the operating threads. If the
threads are exposed to water, the grease should not be water soluble.
2. In order to lubricate the threads on toggle-type hydrants, the entireoperating
mechanism must be removed.
3. In arctic climates, moisture in the air often will freeze the outlet-nozzle caps
and operating nut. A common solution to this problem is to coat the threads and nut
with antifreeze. The antifreeze shouldbe made of a nontoxic, noncorrosive compound
that is approved by the drinking water authority that has jurisdiction over potable
water.
NOTE:Placing antifreeze into the barrel section of the hydrant is not recom-
mended.
5.5 REPAIRS .- ..
. ..
Any condition that cannot be repaired easily during routine inspection should be
recorded in the inspection report. The problem should also be reported for action by
repair crews. Leakage, broken parts, bad operation, corrosion, andother major
defects should be repaired as soon as possible after the defect is reported. If repairs
are to be performed in the field, the repair crew should take a full complement of
repair parts to the job site.
NOTE: Beforeany repair takes place, the fire department must be notified.
To obtain the exact procedure for disassembly and repair of a specific hydrant,
refer to the manufacturers maintenance manual. The following information is to be

AWWA ML7 87 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 O500667 3 T 3
32 FIRE HYDRANTS
used as a general guideline. If it appears to conflict with the manufacturers recom-

mendations, then the manufacturers recommendations should be followed.
1. Close the auxiliary valve ahead of the hydrant or use another means to cut
off flow and pressure to the hydrant. CAUTION:Before proceeding, open the main
valve a few turns to make certain pressure to the hydrant has been cut off.
2. Disassemble the hydrant in accordance with the manufacturers recommen-
dations.
3. Replace damaged partsandpartsthat show wear, corrosion, or signs of
incipient failure. Always replace all gaskets, packing, and seals.
4. Reassemble the hydrant and open the auxiliary valve (or otherwise pres-
surize the hydrant). Test the main valve for leakage.
5. Vent the air from the hydrant and put the entire hydrant under pressure.
Check for leakage, ease of operation, and drainage.
6. Always record the repair and operatingcondition of the hydrant aftercomple-
tion of the repairs. Notify the fire department after completion of the repair.
Specific Repairs
Packing replacement. Braided or woven packing around the stem will wear
out in time. Old, worn-out packing can be the source of leakage and can make it dif-
ficult to open and close the hydrant. The following guidelines may be helpful for
replacing packing material.
1. Select the proper packing. In the past, the most common packing material
used was asbestos graphite. Today, it is recommended that asbestos-based packing
not be installed. Instead, usesome form of synthetic packing material. Manufacturers
of packing material and the manufacturer of the hydrant can provide guidelines on
packing-material selection.
2. Locate and remove the packing gland.
3. Using a pachng hook, remove all of the old packing. Never place new pack-
ing over the old.
4. Remove old material and dried-on grease from the packing gland and stuffing
box.
5. Determine the size of the packing. Packing is square and is manufactured in
l / ~ - i n (1.6-mm)
. increments. For control of leakage, the packing must be the correct
size.
6. Wrap the packing around the operating nut and mark theexact length.
7. Remove the packing and cut to length along the mark.
8. Place the packing into the stuffing box, one ring at a time, seating each ring
with a wooden block. The joints of the packing must be staggered at 90 intervals.
9. Replace the packing gland and tighten until it is finger tight.
10. Place the hydrant under pressure.
11. Adjust the packing gland until there is only a small amount of leakage
(a trickle of water, not a stream) around the shaft.
Traffic-Model Damage
When traffic-model hydrants become damaged, follow therepair procedure listed
below. In order to execute timely repair, an inventory of parts for traffk-model
hydrants should be kept on hand. Extra gaskets, lubricant, O rings, and bolts should
be kept on hand.
1. Notify the fire department of the outage. This should be done as soon as the
damage is discovered.

A W W A M17 8 9 D 0783350 0500670 015
MAINTENANCE 33
2. Protect the area with proper traffic and pedestrian control. If the hydrant
cannot be immediately repaired, the broken and loose components should be removed
from the site and thehole covered to keep pedestrians from stepping in it.
3. Repair following the manufacturers recommended procedure.
Adjusting hydrant height. When the height of a hydrant must be changed
due to a change in street grade, it is important to first notify the fire department.
Proper care must be taken to control traffic and pedestrians. Each hydrant manufac-
turer has a specific procedure that should be followed in changing the height.
5.6 RECORD KEEPING

In order to carry out a meaningful inspection and maintenance program, it is essen-
tial to record the location, make, type, size, and date of installation for each hydrant.
Other information also may be recorded, depending on the nature of the record-
keeping system used.
When a hydrant is inspected, the record should indicate the inspection date and
the condition of the hydrant. If repair work is necessary, the nature of the work
should be indicated. When repair work is completed, the nature of the repairs, date,
and other relevant information should be recorded. Other information, such as test-
ing, pumping, ease of operation, direction of open, and number of turns to open, is
also important and should be carefully recorded. This data may be kept in hard copy
or transferred to a data base on a microcomputer. It is suggested that these records
be altered to meet individual needs.
Samples of record and survey sheets areshown in Figures 5-1 through 5-5. Some
type of basic master record is necessary to give background information on hydrant
type and installation (see Figure 5-1). This information will make it much easier to
determine parts inventory and training requirements. This record is also useful in
comparing hydrants. This is usehl to determine which styles, nozzle thread sizes,
and operating nuts are themost common in the system.
The center section of the master-record form allows for the accumulation of
information concerning the frequency of inspections and repairs. This data is impor-
tant to the Insurance Services Office and can help in determining the frequency of
maintenance on a particular hydrant. A particular hydrant or type of hydrant that
continues to develop the same repairproblem can be systematically removed from the
system. Without this type of information, it would be difficult to determine that a par-
ticular type of problem is recurring.
The diagram at the bottom of the form should give as much detail as possible
about fitting types, branch line lengths, and valve locations. This information is help-
ful for repair and maintenance.
The hydrant-maintenance and hydrant-inspection report forms (Figures 5-2 and
5-3) are used during routine hydrant inspections in conjunction with the procedures
described in Sec. 5.3, Sec. 5.4,and Sec. 5.5. The hydrant-maintenance-report form is
used when hydrants are repaired during routine inspections. The hydrant-inspection-
report form is used when the inspection crew makes only minor repairs. All major
repairs are writtenon a work-order form and are performed by a repair crew.
The flow-test-report form and the hydrant-test form (Figures 5-4 and 5-5) are
used in conjunction with the flow test procedure described in chapter 6. The flow-test-
report form is used to record the results of a single flow test; the hydrant-testform is
a historical record of one hydrant. The historical record is extremely useful in deter-

34 PIRE HYDRANTS
FIRE HYDRANT MASTER RECORD
Date Manufacturer
Type MV0 Inlet
Bury Hose
Size Outlet-Nozzle Thread Type
Pumper Outlet-Nozzle Size Thread Type
e by Installed cost
Turns NutOperating to Open
Line Locatlon
Date Inspected Tested Repaired Painted Opened by Cost

Remarks
Avenue Property Line
Water Maln-Size/Type
Figure 5-1 Master record.

AWWA M17 89 W 0783350 0500b72 998 W
MAINTENANCE 35
HYDRANT MAINTENANCE REPORT
Hydrant Water Utillty No.
Locatron
Mlsslng Caps
Missing Chains
Palnt O.K. Repainted
Nut Oper O K Replaced

Greased
Nozzles O K Replaced
Caulked
Valve & Seat O.K. Replaced
Packlng 0.K Replaced Tlghtened
Drainage 0.K Corrected
Mlnutes Flushed
esidual Statlc Pressure QPm
Branch
Valve
Condition
Any Other Defects
Inspected BY
Corrected Defects BY
Figure 5-2 Hydrant-maintenancereport.

A W W A M17 89 0783350 O500673 824
36 FIRE HYDRANTS
HYDRANT INSPECTION REPORT
H y d No.
Locatlon
I Nozzle I I
I
i
U
I
Pitot
Flow 3pm
-
Tlrne
Flushed
rnln
Water
Used
!P
Palnt
Chains
Caps
Stems I
Packtng
O Rlng
Top N u t
Valve I
ValveSeat
I
of
Water
Remarks 1
BY Date
Figure 5-3 Hydrant-inspectionreport.

A W W A ML7 89 = 0783350 0500b74 7b0
MAINTENANCE 37
FLOW TEST REPORT
Locatlon Date
Made Test M
Representatwe of
Witness
State Purpose of Test
Consumption Rate Durlng Test
If Pumps Affect Test, lndcate Pumps Operatlng
A1 A2 A3
Flow Hydrants
Slze Nozzle
gpm Totai Pltot Readtng
gPm
Statlc B PSI Residual 8 PSI
Projected
Results: at 20 Restdual
PSI psi
Residual
at gpm.
or 9 Pm
Remarks
Location Map: Show line sizes and distance to next cross connected llne Show valves and
hydrant branch stze. Indicate North. Show flowing hydrants-label A l . A 2 ,A3 Show locatlon of
Static and Residual-label B
lndtcate BOther
r~dentify)
Sprinkler
Hydrant
Figure 5-4 Flow-test report.

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500675 bT7
38 FIRE HYDRANTS
HYDRANT TEST
Manufacturer No.
Date, time Nozzle

T Pressure
Flow Flow Ti me
Water
Size Used
Stat. Res. Pitot gPm 20 psi mm
gal
Figure 5-5 Historicalrecord.

Chapter 6
Flow Tests
Fire-flow tests areconducted to determine pressure and flow-producing capabilities a t

any location within the distribution system. The primaryfunction of fire-flow tests is
to determine how much water is availablefor fighting fires, butthe tests also serve as
a means of determining the general condition of the distribution system. Heavily
tuberculated water mains or those with heavy wall deposits can reduce flow-carrying
capacities of pipe; this reduced capacity can be detected by means of a flow test. Flow
tests can also help detect closed valves in the system. The results of flow tests are
used extensively by insurance underwriters as a factor in setting rates for insurance
premiums; they arealso used by designers of fire-sprinkler systems.
It is good practice to conduct flow tests on all parts of the distribution system
approximately every 10 years (or whenever needed) to identify the service areas
affected by significant changes inthe distribution system.
An accurate record, filed systematically so it is readily available, should be kept
of each flow test. See Figure5-4for a suggested flow-test reportform.
6.1 TERMS USED IN FLOW TESTING

Flow hydrant: The hydrant or hydrants at which flow is measured.
Pitot pressure: The pressure reading obtained on the Pitot gauge during a flow
test.
Pitot tube: An instrument that isused to measure the flow of water discharged
from a hydrant outlet (orifice) by measuring and converting flow velocity head into a
pressure-head reading on a gauge (see Figure6-1).
Residualpressure: Thepressure that existsin the distributionsystem,
measured at the residual hydrant at thetime the flow readings are taken at the flow
hydrants.
Staticpressure: Thepressure that exists at a given point undernormal
distribution-system flow conditions.
39

Pressure Gauge
Tube Flattened to Reduce Resistance
Air-Release Cock
Pltot Openlng
Figure 6 - 1 Pitot tube in position For flow reading.
6.2 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT FOR FLOW TESTS

The following list includes the required personnel and equipment needed to conduct a
flow test. Equipment should be in good working order and be available at the time of
the test.
1. For each flow hydrant, one Pitot tube with a pressure gauge capable of read-
ing from O to 60 psi (420 kPa).
2. One outlet-nozzle cap that will fit the outlet nozzle of the residual hydrant.
The outlet-nozzle cap is equipped with a pressure gauge capable of reading from O up
to 25 psi (175 kPa) greater than the pressureexpected in the residual hydrant.
3. A ruler to measure the inside diameter of the outlet nozzle of each flow
hydrant.
4. One hydrant wrench to operate the residual hydrant andone to operate each
of the hydrants at which the flow will be measured.
5. One discharge diffuser to absorb the energy from the hydrant flow so that it
is contained, where necessary, to avoid property damage or to minimize the effect on
traffic."
6. One person to read the gauge on the residual hydrant and one person to read
the gauge on the Pitot tube for each of the flow hydrants.
7. Clipboards and sheets for recording data at each hydrant.
8. For wet-barrel hydrants, it may be necessary to install a specially designed
nozzle to minimize turbulence caused by the discharge valve.
NOTE: The Pitot tube and the pressure gauges are delicate instruments and
must be treated accordingly. Gauges should be checked for accuracy at reasonable
intervals to assure that theflow tests will be accurate.
*See Sec. 6.6.

+
rn R
One FlowHydrant
FI
F, R
-4t F3 -
One to Three Flow Hydrants
Arrows indicate direction of flow; R-resldual

One to FourFlowHydrants
hydrant; F-flow hydrant

I
Figure 6-2 Suggested flow-test locations.
6.3 OFFICE PLANNING PRIOR TO FIELDTESTING

1. Review distribution-system maps and determinewhich hydrants will be used
to measure flow and which will be used to measure the static and residual pressures
(see Figure 6-2). All hydrants should be at approximately the same elevation. Other-
wise, test results may have to be corrected for elevation.
2. Review previous tests to estimatethe flow andpressures that can be
expected.
3. Select a day for testing when system consumption willbe normaland
weatherpredictionsindicate that conditions willbe reasonable.Theoperating
division should be notified as to the time andlocation of the testsso necessary adjust-
ments to the system canbe made. Investigatetraffic patterns, as the testsmay affect
traffic flow.
6.4 FIELD PROCEDURE FOR FLOW TESTS

1. Make provisions for minimizinginterruptions to traffic and for adequate
drainage of water.

A W W A M17 87 0783350 0500677 242
42 FIRE HYDRANTS
h
A 0 L
Figure 6-3 Outlet-nozzle coefficients.
2. Locate the residual hydrant anddo the following:

a. Flush the residual hydrant to eliminate sediment that may damage the
gauge.
b. Installthe outlet-nozzle cap equipped with thepressure gauge on a
hydrant nozzle.
c. Open the main valve slowly until the air is vented. Close the vent and
open the main valve fully.
d. Read the gauge. This is the static pressurereading.
3. Locate the flow hydranth) and do the following:
a. Measure and record the inside diameter (ID) of the outlet nozzle from
which the flow is to be measured.
b. Determine the outlet-nozzle coefficient in accordance with Figure 6-3. The
coefficient allowsfor differences in hydraulic entrance losses. (Figure 6-3A is the most
common assembly and represents a rounded shoulder at the entrance. Figure 6 - 3 ~
indicates a square shoulder, and Figure 6-3c indicates a nozzle that protrudes into
the hydrantbarrel. If the configuration of the hydrant to be tested differs significantly
from the configurations shown in Figure 6-3, contact the hydrant manufacturer for
the coefficient.)
4. Conduct the flow'test as follows:
a. Station one observer at the residual hydrant andone observer at each flow
hydrant,
b. Open each flow hydrant slowly until it is fully open. Open one hydrant at
a time to avoid a pressure surge.
c. When the pressure at the residual hydrant is stabilized, the observer sig-
nals the persons stationed at theflow hydrants to take the readings. The readingsfor
residual pressure and the Pitot-tube readings of each flow hydrant must be taken
simultaneously. The air should be exhausted from the flowing hydrant before the
reading is taken.For an accurate reading, hold the Pitot tube in the center of the noz-
zle, with the axis of the Pitot tube opening parallel to the direction of flow. The Pitot
tube should be held away from the end of the nozzle at a distance of about half the
nozzle diameter (see Figure 6-1).
d.Record the residualreadingand the Pitot-gauge reading at each flow
hydrant. Then close the flow hydrants one at a time.
For reasonably accurate test results, the pressure drop between the static and
the residual pressuresshould be at least 10 psi (70kPa). If the distribution system is
strong (as it should be near a supply main) and the pressuredrop is less than 10 psi
(70 Wa), an additional flow hydrant should be added to the test.

A V V A f i 1 7 89 W 0783350 0500b80 Tb4
FLOW TESTS 43
It is best for observers to calculate the flow in the field so that if the results
appear in error, the test canbe repeated immediately.
6.5 CAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHEN FIELD TESTING

Opening a hydrant rapidlycan cause a negative pressurefluctuation. Therefore,
hydrants should be opened slowly until fully opened. Closing the hydrants is more
critical, and it must be done very slowly until after the flow has diminished to about
20 percent of full flow. Closing a hydrant rapidly causes a pressure surge, or water
hammer; this could cause a weakened main to fail.
Hydrants should be opened and closed one at a time to minimize the effect on
the distribution system. Dry-barrel hydrants must be opened fully because the drain-
valve mechanism operates with the main valve. A partially opened hydrant could
force water through the drain outlets under pressure, eroding the thrustsupport from
behind the hydrant. After the test, the hydrant barrel should be drained before
tighteningthe outlet-nozzle cap-a tight outlet-nozzle cap could prevent proper
drainage and possibly cause ice blockage in either theupper or lower barrels.
Gauge measurements should be taken only when the water is running clear
because sediment could damage the instruments.*
6.6 WARNINGABOUT RIGIDDIVERTERS

Never use a rigid diverter when flushing or flow testing wet- or dry-barrelfire
hydrants. A rigid diverter consists of a pipe screwed onto the outlet nozzle. The
diverter extends to a desired length, then bends at an angle of up to 90' to change the
direction of the water before discharging the full flow into the atmosphere.
The discharge generates a potentially dangerous thrust. This thrust ismagnified
by the distance from the outletnozzle to the bend in thediverter. Due to leverage, the
discharge through the diverter can generate a very high torque on the hydrant. A
rigid diverter several feet long can produce many hundreds of foot-pounds of torque
on the fire hydrant, which may damage the hydrant and the connections leading to
the hydrant. Maximum danger exists when the rigid diverter is installed so that the
line pressure creates sufficient torque to unscrew any portion of the top section of a
wet-barrel hydrant from the bury section or unscrew the lower barrel of a frost-jacket
hydrant from the base.
To prevent bodily injury, property damage, or damage to the fire hydrant and its
supporting structures, useonly a diffuser or a flexible hose (properly restrainedat the
point of discharge) for flushing or flow testing.
6.7 DETERMININGAVAILABLE FLOW

The standard condition for determining the flow available in a system is at a residual
pressure of 20 psi (140 kPa). Obviously, it is not reasonable to obtain this exact
residual during the field flow test. The flow, as measured under field conditions, is
converted by calculation to determine the flow available at a residual pressure of
*See warning about rigid diverters, Sec. 6.6.

A W W A M17 89 D 0783350 0500bAL 9 T O =
44 FIRE HYDRANTS
Table 6-1 Discharge for Circular Outlets, 21/4-in. Through Zjj/16-n., With Outlet-Nozzle
Coefficient 0.90
70 70 80 80 80 90 90 100
100 100 110 110 120 120 130 140
120 120 130 140 150 150 160 170
140 140 150 160 170 180 180 190
150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220
170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
180 190 200 210 220 230 240 260
190 200 210 230 240 250 260 270
200 220 230 240 250 260 280 290
220 230 240 250 270 280 290 310
230 240 250 260 280 290 310 320
240 250 260 280 290 310 320 340
250 260 270 290 300 320 330 350
250 270 280 300 310 330 350 360
260 280 290 310 330 340 360 380
270 290 300 320 340 350 370 390
280 300 310 330 350 360 380 400
290 300 320 340 360 370 390 410
300 310 330 350 370 380 400 420
300 320 340 360 380 390 410 430
310 330 350 370 390 400 420 440
320 340 350 370 390 410 430 450
330 340 360 380 400 420 440 460
330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470
340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490
350 370 390 410 440 460 480 500
360 380 400 420 440 470 490 510
370 390 410 430 450 480 500 520
370 390 410 440 460 480 510 530
380 400 420 440 470 490 510 540
380 410 430 450 480 500 520 550
390 410 440 460 480 510 530 560
400 420 440 460 490 510 540 560
400 420 450 470 500 520 550 570
410 430 450 480 500 530 550 580
410 440 460 480 510 540 560 590
420 440 470 490 520 540 570 600
420 450 470 500 520 550 580 600
430 450 480 500 530 560 580 610
440 460 480 510 540 570 590 620
440 470 490 520 540 570 600 630
450 470 500 520 550 580 610 640
Reprinted with permission from Fire Flow Tests, Copyright O 1981, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass. 02269.
NOTE:Flows are to the nearest10 gpm.
*Outlet pressure measured by Pitot-tube gauge.

A W W A ML7 89 0783350 0500b82 837 =
FLOW TESTS 45
Table 6 - 1 Discharge for Circular Outlets, 21/4-in. Through 211/16-in., With Outlet-Nozzle
Coefficient 0.90(continued)
11 450 480 500 530 560 590 610 640

114 460 480 510 530 560 590 620 650
112 460 490 510 540 570 600 630 660
314 470 490 520 550 580 600 630 660
12 470 500 520 550 580 610 640 670
112 480 510 540 560 590 620 650 690
13 490 520 550 570 610 640 670 700
'12 500 530 560 590 620 650 680 710
14 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 730
112 520 550 580 610 640 670 700 740
15 530 560 590 620 650 680 720 750
112 540 570 600 630 660 700 730 760
16 540 570 610 640 670 710 740 780
112 550 580 620 650 680 720 750 790
17 560 590 620 660 690 730 760 800
11'2 570 600 630 670 700 740 770 810
18 580 610 640 680 710 750 780 820
112 590 620 650 690 720 760 800 830
19 590 630 660 700 730 770 810 840
112 600 640 670 700 740 780 820 860
20 610 640 680 710 750 790 830 870
21 620 660 690 730 770 810 850 890
22 640 670 7 10 750 790 830 870 910
23 650 690 730 770 810 850 890 930
24 670 700 740 780 820 860 910 950
25 680 720 760 800 840 880 920 970
26 690 730 770 810 860 900 940 990
27 7 10 750 790 830 870 920 960 1010
28 720 760 800 840 890 930 980 1020
29 730 770 820 860 910 950 1000 1040
30 750 790 830 870 920 970 1010 1060
31 760 800 840 890 940 980 1030 1080
32 770 810 860 900 950 1000 1050 1100
33 780 830 870 920 970 1010 1060 1110
34 790 840 880 930 980 1030 1080 1130
35 810 850 900 940 990 1040 1090 1140
36 820 860 910 960 1010 1060 1110 1160
Reprinted withpermission from Fire Flow Tests, Copyright O 1981, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass. 02269.
*Outlet pressure measuredby Pitot-tube gauge.

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500683 773 =
46 FIRE HYDRANTS
Table 6-2 Discharge for Circular Outlets, 41/4-in. Through 411/16-in., With Nozzle Coefllcient 0.90
Outlet Outlet Diameter-in.

Pressure* 4 "4 4 %S 4 31s 4 7/16 4 112 4 9/16 4 51~ 4 11/16
psi gpm
240 250 260 260 270 280 290 300
340 350 360 370 390 400 410 420
420 430 450 460 470 490 500 510
490 500 520 530 550 560 570 590
540 560 590 590 610 630 640 660
600 610 630 650 670 690 700 720
640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780
690 710 730 750 770 790 810 840
730 750
' 770 800 820 840 860 890
770 790 810 840 860 890 910 940
810 830 850 880 900 930 950 980
840 870 890 920 940 970 1O00 1020
880 900 930 960 980 1010 1040 1060
910 940 970 990 1020 1050 1070 1100
940 970 1000 1030 1050 1080 1110 1140
970 1000 1030 1060 1090 1120 1150 1180
1O00 1030 1060 1090 1120 1150 1180 1220
1030 1060 1090 1120 1160 1190 1220 1250
1060 1090 1120 1150 1190 1220 1250 1290
1090 1120 1150 1180 1220 1250 1280 1320
1110 1150 1180 1210 1250 1280 1320 1350
1140 1180 1210 1240 1280 1310 1350 1390
1170 1200 1240 1270 1310 1340 1380 1420
1190 1230 1260 1300 1330 1370 1410 1450
1220 1250 1290 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480
1240 1280 1310 1350 1390 1430 1470 1510
1260 1300 1340 1380 1420 1450 1490 1540
1290 1330 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560
1310 1350 1390 1430 1470 1510 1550 1590
1330 1370 1410 1450 1490 1530 1570 1620
1350 1390 1430 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640
1380 1420 1460 1500 1540 1580 1620 1670
1400 1440 1480 1520 1570 1610 1650 1700
1420 1460 1500 1540 1590 1630 1680 1720
1440 1480 1520 1570 1610 1650 1700 1750
1460 1500 1540 1590 1630 1680 1720 1770
1480 1520 1570 1610 1660 1700 1750 1800
1500 1540 1590 1630 1680 1720 1770 1820
1520 1560 1610 1650 1700 1750 1790 1840
1540 1580 1630 1670 1720 1770 1820 1870
1560 1600 1650 1700 1740 1790 1840 1890
1580 1620 1670 1720 1760 1810 1860 1910
1590 1640 1690 1740 1790 1830 1880 1940
*Outlet pressure measured by Pitot-tube gauge.

A W W A M17 87 W 0383350 0500684 bOT
FLOW TESTS 47
Table 6-2 Discharge for Circular Outlets, 41/4-in. Through 411/16-n., With Nozzle
Coefficient 0.90(continued)
Outlet Outlet Diameter-in.

Pressure* 4 114 4 %S 4 31~ 4 7/~6 4 112 4 9/16 4 51~ 4 11/16
psi gPm
11 1610 1660 1710 1760 1810 1860 1910 1960
1/4 1630 1680 1730 1780 1830 1880 1930 1980
112 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
314 1670 1720 1760 1820 1870 1920 1970 2020
12 1690 1730 1780 1840 1890 1940 1990 2050
112 1720 1770 1820 1870 1930 1980 2030 2090
13 1750 1800 1850 1910 1970 2020 2070 2130
112 1790 1840 1890 1950 2000 2060 2110 2170
14 1820 1870 1930 1980 2040 2090 2150 2210
112 1850 1910 1960 2020 2080 2130 2 190 2250
15 1880 1940 1990 2050 2110 2170 2230 2890
112 1910 1970 2030 2090 2 150 2200 2260 2330
16 1940 2000 2060 2120 2 180 2240 2300 2360
1/2 1970 2030 2090 2150 2210 2270 2330 2400
17 2000 2060 2120 2180 2250 2310 2370 2440
112 2030 2090 2150 2220 2280 2340 2400 2470
18 2060 2120 2 180 2250 2310 2370 2440 2510
112 2090 2150 2210 2280 2350 2410 2470 2540
19 2120 2180 2240 2310 2380 2440 2510 2580
112 2 140 2210 2270 2340 2410 2470 2540 2610
20 2170 2240 2300 2370 2440 2500 2570 2640
21 2220 2290 2360 2430 2500 2560 2630 2710
22 2280 2350 2420 2490 2560 2620 2700 2770
23 2330 2400 2470 2540 2610 2680 2760 2830
24 2380 2450 2520 2600 2670 2740 2820 2890
25 2430 2500 2580 2650 2720 2800 2870 2950
26 2480 2550 2630 2700 2780 2850 2930 3010
27 2530 2600 2680 2750 2830 2910 2990 3070
28 2580 2650 2730 2800 2880 2960 3040 3130
29 2620 2700 2770 2850 2940 3020 3090 3180
30 2670 2740 2820 2900 2990 3070 3150 3240
31 2710 2790 2870 2950 3030 3120 3200 3290
32 2750 2830 2920 3000 3080 3170 3250 3340
33 2790 2880 2960 3040 3 130 3220 3300 3390
34 2830 2920 3000 3090 3170 3260 3350 3440
35 2870 2960 3040 3140 3220 3310 3400 3490
36 2910 3000 3080 3180 3270 3360 3450 3540
Reprinted with permission from Fire Flow Zbsts, Copyright O 1981, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass. 02269.
NOTE:Flows are to the nearest 10 gpm.
*Outlet pressure measuredby Pitot-tube gauge.

A W W A M L 7 89 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500b85 5 4 6
48 FIRE HYDRANTS
20 psi (140 kPa) or other residual pressure. To simplify the calculations, Tables 6-1
and 6-2 are included in this manual. It is important to note that when converting to
a desired residual pressure, the flow represents the flow available in the distribution
system atthat location; this figure generally exceeds the flow available atthe
hydrants used in the test.*
The calculations for converting flow as measured in a field test to flow available
at a residual pressure of 20 psi (140 kPa) are as follows:
1. With the outlet-nozzle ID and the Pitot-tube gauge reading, use Table 6-1 to
determine the flow.
Example:
Outlet-nozzle ID = 21/2 in.
Pitot-tube gauge reading = 27 psi
Outlet-nozzle coefficient = 0.9 (see Figure 6-3).
From Table 6-1:Flowfrom the hydrant = 870 gpm. (Flows are listed to the
nearest 10 gpm.)
2. Table 6-1 assumes an outlet-nozzle coefficient of 0.9. Use Eq 6-1 t o calculate
the adjusted flow for hydrants with a flow coefficient of less than 0.9 (see Figure 6-3).
Generally, this is necessary only for older hydrants.
actual nozzle coefficient

Qf= Qm X
0.9
Where:
Qf = the actual flow, in gallons per minute

Qm = the flow shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2, in gallons per minute.
Example:
Outlet-nozzle ID = 21/2 in.

Pitot-gauge reading = 27 psi
Outlet-nozzle coefficient = 0.8
Q f = 870gpm x 0.810.9 = 773
The adjusted flow is 770 gpm.
3. Summarize the flow from each of the flowing hydrants.
Example:
Hydrant 1 = 770gpm
Hydrant 2 = 940gpm
Total flow = 770 + 940 = 1710 gpm
*The tables and equations given in this section use US customary units. Where metric
data is available, that datashould be converted to US customary units before performing any
calculations. Conversion factors required include: 1 mm = 0.039 in.; 1kPa = 0.145 psi; and (to
convert the result tometric) 1 gpm = 0.063 U s .

FLOW TESTS 49
Table 6-3 Equation and Table for Computing Fire-Flow Test Results
&R = flow available at desired residual pressure

&F = flow during test
hr = pressure drop to desired residual pressure
hf = pressure drop during test
Values of h to the 0.54 Power
1 1.00 26 5.81 51 768.36 10.37 101 12.09 126 13.62 151 15.02
2 1.45 27 5.93 52 8.44 77 10.44 102 12.15 127 13.68 152 15.07
3 1.81 28 6.05 53 8.53 78 10.51 103 12.22 128 13.74 153 15.13
4 2.11 29 6.16 54 8.62 79 10.59 104 12.28 129 13.80 154 15.18
5 2.39 30 6.28 55 8.71 80 10.66 105 12.34 130 13.85 155 15.23
6 2.63 31 6.39 56 8.79 81 10.73 106 12.41 131 13.91 156 15.29
7 2.86 32 6.50 57 8.88 82 10.80 107 12.47 132 13.97 157 15.34
8 3.07 33 6.61 58 8.96 83 10.87 108 12.53 133 14.02 158 15.39
9 3.28 34 6.71 59 9.04 84 10.94 109 12.60 134 14.08 159 15.44
10 3.47 35 6.82 60 9.12 85 11.01 110 12.66 135 14.14 160 15.50
11 3.65 36 6.93 61 9.21 86 11.08 111 12.72 136 14.19 161 15.55
12 3.83 37 7.03 62 9.29 87 11.15 112 12.78 137 14.25 162 15.60
13 4.00 38 7.13 63 9.37 88 11.22 113 12.84 138 14.31 163 15.65
14 4.16 39 7.23 64 9.45 89 11.29 114 12.90 139 14.36 164 15.70
15 4.32 40 7.33 65 9.53 90 11.36 115 12.96 140 14.42 165 15.76
16 4.47 41 7.43 66 9.61 91 11.43 116 13.03 141 14.47 166 15.81
17 4.62 42 7.53 67 9.69 92 11.49 117 13.09 142 14.53 167 15.86
18 4.76 43 7.62 68 9.76 93 11.56 118 13.15 143 14.58 168 15.91
19 4.90 44 7.72 69 9.84 94 11.63 119 13.21 144 14.64 169 15.96
20 5.04 45 7.81 70 9.92 95 11.69 120 13.27 145 14.69 170 16.01
21 5.18 46 7.91 71 9.99 96 11.76 121 13.33 146 14.75 171 16.06
22 5.31 47 8.00 72 10.07 97 11.83 122 13.39 147 14.80 172 16.11
23 5.44 48 8.09 73 10.14 98 11.89 123 13.44 148 14.86 173 16.16
24 5.56 49 8.18 74 10.22 99 11.96 124 13.50 149 14.91 174 16.21
25 5.69 50 8.27 75 10.29 100 12.02 125 13.56 150 14.97 175 16.26
*METHODOF USE: Insert in the equation the values of h?54 and determined from the table, and the value of &F, and solve
the equation for &R.

A W W A M17 89 m 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0 5 0 0 6 8 73 1 9
50 FIRE HYDRANTS
4. Calculate the total flow available at a predetermined residual pressure. This

predetermined pressure is that measured at the residual hydrant during the field
test.
Where:
Qr = the flow available at the desirable residual pressure, in gallons

per minute
Qf = the sum of the flows from all hydrants (from step 2), in gallons
per minute
h r = the difference in pressure between the static pressure measured at
the residual hydrant and the desired residual pressure, in pounds
per square inch
hf = the difference between the static pressure and residual pressure
measured at theresidual hydrant, in pounds per square inch
NOTE:Table 6-3 is used to convert hr and hf to hr0'54and hf0.54
Example:
Static pressure = 68 psi

Residual pressure = 43 psi
Total field flow = 1710 gpm
Desired residual pressure = 20 psi
480.54
Q r = 1710 gpm ( (68
(68
- 20)0.54
250."- 43)0.54
) =1710 (-) = 1710(
8.09
-)
5.69
= 2430 gpm
These calculations show that 2430 gpm is available at the hydrant tested a t a
residual pressure of 20 psi.
Stable Pressure
Determining the flow available is performed with the assumption that the system
pressure at the water-supply source will remain relatively constant during the test.If
the source pressure changes significantly during the test, a corresponding notation
should be made on the test record and should be considered in evaluating the flow-
test data.

Appendix A
Illustrated Guide to Dry-Barrel
Fire Hydrant Nomenclature
This Appendix contains drawings of a number of dry-barrel fire hydrants currently

available or in use. Accompanying each drawing is a parts list that gives the part
names andnumbers used by themanufacturer along with the corresponding
preferred terms and numberssuggested by this manual (see Sec. 2.4).
Each manufacturer suppliesa variety of hydrants, but because of limited space
not all models or manufacturers may be included. For more information on a specific
hydrant, contact the manufacturer.
The inclusion of any manufacturer or hydrant in thisAppendix is not to be con-
strued as a recommendation byAWWA or the AWWA Standards Committee on Fire
Hydrants; nor is the failure to include any manufacturer or hydrant to be construed
as a comment on the qualityor usability of units not included.
Finally, due t o differences in each make of hydrant, not all components are iden-
tical or comparable by term. Therefore, some hydrants have components for which
there is no preferred term.

A W W A M17 89 = 0783350 0 5 0 0 b 8 9 191 m
52 FIRE HYDRANTS
Dry-Barrel Hydrants Included in Appendix A. by Type
d Manufacturer Model Page

Compression: Open Against Pressure
American-Darling Valve Division of American Cast Iron Pipe Company B84B . . . . . . . 56
ClowValveCo . 2500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
CraneCanada McAvityM-67 .................................. 60
Kennedy Valve. Division of McWane. Inc. K81A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Kennedy Valve. Division of McWane. Inc. K81AW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
M&HValveCo . 929 Reliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Mueller Canada. Inc . Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Mueller Co. Super Centurion 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Terminal City Iron WorksC71PI ................................ 72
US Pipe & Foundry Co. MetropolitanTM250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Waterous Co. WB-67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Compression: Open With Pressure

ClowValve Co . Eddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Toggle
ClowValveCo . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Ludlow-Rensselaer Hydrant Co. Rensselaer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Slide Gate
Ludlow-Rensselaer Hydrant Co. Ludlow 90. Ludlow 90-0 .................. 84
Terminal City Iron Works 20-P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... 86
Flush-Compression: Open Against Pressure

Crane Canada 9635 Wall Hydrant and 9635-F Flush Hydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
M&HValveCo . 229 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Mueller Co. Three-way Flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
High Pressure
US Pipe & Foundry Co. Series H Hydrant With Pilot Valve
for HigherPressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

AWWA Ml7 B9 0783350 0500b70 903
APPENDIX A 53

54 FIRE HYDRANTS
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C
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2
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2
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56 FIRE HYDRANTS
A W W A M17 89 - 0783350 0500b93 b L 2
Model: American-Darling B84B

Manufacturer: American-Darling Valve, A Division of American Cast Iron Pipe Co.
Classification: Dry-barrel hydrant
Compression-open against pressure
Dry top
Traffic model
M 17
Part Number Part Name Preferred Term Part Number
84-1 Operating nut nut Operating 1
84-2-1 Cover O ring
84-2-2 Housing O ring
84-4-4 Thrust washer
84-5-3 Pipe plug
84-7-7 Weather cover Bonnet 10
84-9 Housing cover Packing gland 7
84-11-2 Cover-cap screws
84-13 Cover gasket
84-14 Housing gasket
84-15-5 Housing Stuffing box, packing plate 6, 9
84-16 Housing bolts and nuts
84-18-9 Upper barrel Nozzle section 11
84-19-9 Lower barrel Lower barrel 20
84-23-1 Cap chains
84-23-2 S hook
84-24-3 Nozzle set screws
84-25-3 Steamer nozzle Pumper outlet nozzle 14
84-25-4 Steamer-nozzle O ring
84-26 Steamer cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
84-27 Steamer gasket
84-29-45 Barrel flange Breakable barrel coupling 21
84-29-30 Rod coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
84-29-31 Coupling and cotter pin
84-30-11 Upper rod Stem 4
84-30-12 Lower rod Stem 4
84-30-03 Hydrant spring
84-30-04 Spring plate
84-30-06 Travel stop nut Stop nut 5
84-30-07 Spring plate pin
84-31 Drain lever Drain valve 31
84-33 Drain-lever washers
84-34 Drain-lever rivets
84-35-02 Hydrant seat Valve-seat ring 27
84-36-1 Seat O ring
84-37 Drain ring Seat-ring insert 28
84-38 Drain-ring gasket
84-38-1 Barrel gasket
84-39 Base bolts and nuts
84-39-9 Barrel bolts and nuts
84-40 Valve top Upper valve plate 25
84-41 Hydrant valve Main valve 24
84-42 Valve bottom Lower valve plate 26
84-46-5 Mechanical-joint base Base 30
84-130 Mechanical-joint gland
84-131 Mechanical-joint gasket
84- 132 Mechanical-joint bolts and nuts
84-144 Weather shield
84- 145 Rod sleeve
84-146 O ring

APPENDIX A 57
84-144
84-5-3
7\
84-1
84-7-7-1
84-19-9
E
J '
American-Darling B84B

58 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Clow 2500

Manufacturer: Clow Valve Co.
Dry top
Traffic model
M17
Part Number Part Name Preferred Term Part Number
Operating 1 nut Operating 1
2 nut Thrust
3 10 Cover Bonnet
4 Steamer nozzle outlet Pumper nozzle 14
Hose nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
5 cap Steamer 15 cap Outlet-nozzle
Hose cap cap Outlet-nozzle 15
6 Nozzle section Nozzle section 11
ge 7 22
8 Standpipe Lower barrel 20
9 Lower flange
rain 10
11 Upper-stem sleeve
12 4
Stem 13 coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
Stem 14 Lower stem 4
ain 15 valve 31
16ring Seat 27 Valve seat ring
17 ring Retaining
18 Main Valve rubber valve 24
19 Lower valve plate Lower valve plate 26
20 Hydrant bottom Base 30
21 Upper valve plate Upper valve plate 25

A W W A ML7 8 9 0783350 O500696 321
APPENDIX A 59
Clow 2500

A W W A ML7 89 0 7 8 3 3 5005 0 0 b 9 7 2b8
60 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: McAvity, M-67

Manufacturer: Crane Canada, Ltd.
Classification: Dry-barrelhydrant
Compression-apen against pressure
Dry top or Wet top
Traffic model
M17
Part Number Part Name
Preferred Term Part Number
1 Operating housing
2 Hose nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
3 Hose-nozzle cap
4 Housing-stem O rings
5 Hose nozzle chain and S hook
6 Housing joint gasket
7 Oil-hole screw
8 Operating nut Operating nut 1
9 Operating nut O ring
10 Flat-head cap screw
1/4-20 N.C. X 314 LG
11 Body cap cover
12 Operating-nut needle bearing
13 Cap screw
14 Body cap Bonnet 10
15 Body-cap O ring
16 Body Upper barrel 19
17 Hose-cap gasket
18 Pumper-cap O ring
19 Pumper-nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
20 Pumper nozzle Pumper-outlet nozzle 14
21 Pumper-nozzle chain and S hook
22 Hose and pumper nozzle pin
23 Operating stem upperwith Stem 4
bronze sleeve
24 Intersection bolts and nuts
25 Safety flange (segments)
26 Intersection gaskets
27 Safety coupling
28 Safety coupling bolts
29 Operating stem lower
30 Intermediate section
31 Drip valve
32 Drain hole lining
33 Seat casing O ring
34 Seat O ring (top and bottom)
35 Main valve disc Main valve 24
36 Main valve washer Lower valve plate 26
37 Cotter pin
38 Main valve O ring
39 Drip-valve facing
40 Holding clamp
41 Seat casing
42 Main-valve seat
43 Main-valve locknut
44 Elbow (state inlet required)
45 Guide-plate assembly
46 Interior wrench
47 Holding nut
48 Holding clamp screw
49 Drain-hole plug
50 Intersection extension
51 Inter-extension stem
52 Coupling
53 Extension stem bolt and nut
54 Intersection bolt and nuts
55 Flange for intersection
56 Retaining ring
57 Monitor bolt nut
58 Monitor elbow
59 Monitor gasket
60 Monitor bolt
61 Pumper cap gasket
62 Pumper nozzle O ring

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500b98 I T 4
APPENDIXA 61
ri9
I
Q
B
W
m
i

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500b99 030
62 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: K81A G u a r d i a n
Manufacturer: Kennedy Valve, Division of McWane, Inc.
C o m p r e s s i o n - o p e n against p r e s s u r e
Dry t o p
!l'raffic model
M17
Part Number PreferredPart Name Term Number
K8 101 Alemite fitting
K8102 Operating nut Operating nut 1
K8103 Dirt shield Weather shield 2
K8104 Stem locknut
K8105 O ring
K8106 Thrust washer
K8107 Hydrant cap Bonnet 10
K8108 Cap bolts and nuts
K8109 Cap gasket
K8110 Stem furrule
K8111 O ring
K8112 o ring
K8114 Upper stem Stem 4
K8115 Upper barrel Nozzle section 11
K8116 Stem breaking coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
K8117 Upper coupling pin
K8118 Bolts and nuts
K8119 Standpipe breaking ring Breakable flange 22
K8120 Standpipe O ring
K8121 Hair-pin clips
K8122 Lower coupling pin
K8123 Lower stem Stem 4
K8124 Lower barrel Lower barrel 20
K8125 Elbow gasket
K8126A o ring
K8126B O ring for 4 1/2-in. K81 only
K8127 Seat-ring insert Seat-ring insert 28
K8128 Seat ring Valve seat ring 27
K8129 Drip tubing Drain outlet 32
K8130 O ring
K8 131 Main valve Main valve 24
K8132 Bottom plate Lower valve plate 26
K8133 Drain-valve pin
K8134 Elbow Base 30
K8135 Elbow bolts and nuts
K8136 Drain valve Drain valve 31
K8137 Drain-valve facing
K8138 Chain ring
K8139 Nozzle-cap chain
K8140 Nozzle-chain hook
K8 141 Nozzle retaining screw
K8 142 Nozzle Outlet nozzle 12
K8 143 Nozzle-cap gasket
K8 144 Nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
K8145 O ring
K8146 Allen-head set screw

A W W A M17 89 0 7 8 3 3 5005 0 0 7 0 0 682
APPENDMA 63
K8101
//- K8102
K ~ o3I
K8104
K8105
K8106
K8107
K8108
KB1 O9
K8145 K8110
K8144 K81 1 1
KB143 K8112
K81 42
K8141
Kg140
K8139 Kg114
K8138 K8115
KR1 16
K81 i 7
K81 18
KBl 19
K8120
K8121
K8122
-
LIN
K8123
K8124
K8136
K8137
Ka135
K8125
K8126A
~8126e
K8127
K812B
K8129
K8130
K8131
K8132
K8133
KR134
K8lA Guardian

A W W A ML7 89 H 0783350 050070L 519
64 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: KSlAW Guardian

Manufacturer: Kennedy Valve, Division of McWane, Inc.
Dry top
Traffic model
M17
Preferred Term 17 Number
K8101 Alemite fitting
K8102 Operating nut Operating nut 1
K8103 Dirt shield Weather shield 2
K8104 Stem locknut
K8105 O ring
K8106 Thrust washer
K8107 Hydrant cap Bonnet 10
K8108 Cap bolts and nuts
K8109 Cap gasket
K8110 Stem furrule
K8111 O ring
K8112 O ring
K8113 Test plug
K8114 Upper stem Stem 4
K8115 Upper barrel Nozzle section 11
K8116 Stem breaking coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
K8117 Upper coupling pin
K8118 Bolts and nuts
K8119 Standpipe breaking ring Breakable flange 22
K8120 Standpipe O ring
K8121 Hair-pin clips
K8122 Lower coupling pin
K8123 Lower stem Stem 4
K8125 Lower barrel Lower barrel 20
K8126A Drain valve Drain valve 31
K8127 Drain-valve facing
K8128 O ring
K8129 Adaptor
K8130 O ring
K8131 Seat ring Valve seat ring 27
K8132 Elbow gasket
K8133 O ring
K8134 Main valve Main valve 24
K8135 Bottom plate Lower valve plate 26
K8136 Drain valve pin
K8137 Stop nut Stop nut 5
K8138 Chain ring (4 in. x 4*/2 in. only)
K8139 Nozzle-cap chain
K8140 Nozzle Outlet nozzle 12
K8 141 Nozzle retaining screw
K8142 Nozzle-chain hook
K8143 Nozzle-cap gasket
K8 144 Nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
K8145 O ring
K8146 Allen-head set screw

A W W A ML7 89 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500702 455 =
APPENDMA 65

A W W A M L 7 89 E 0783350 0500703 391 E
66 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Style 929 Reliant

Manufacturer: M&H Valve Co.
D r y top
Traffic model
M17
Part Number Name
Part Preferred Term Part Number
1 Weather shield bolt and oil fill plug
2 Stem nut Stem nut 3
3 Weather shield
4 Stem-nut lock nut
6 Bonnet Bonnet 10
7 Stem stop Stop nut 5
8 Seal-plate gaskets .
9 O-ring seal plate Packing plate 9
10 Sed-plate bolts
11 Seal-plate nuts
12 Pumper-nozzle O ring
13 Pumper-cap gasket
14 Pumper nozzle Pumper outlet nozzle 14
15 Nozzle lock pin
16 Lock-pin gasket
17 Chain pear link
19 Nozzle-cap chain
20 Chain ring
21 Upper stem Stem 4
"less nozzle
23 Ground-flange gasket
24 Breakaway lug Breakable flange 22
25 Breakaway jointbolts
26 Breakaway nuts
27 Stem-coupling bolts
28 Stem-coupling nuts
29 Stem breakaway coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
30 Lower stem Stem 4
32 Main-valve top plate Upper valve plate 25
33 Drain-valve facing Drain valve 31
34 Rivets
35 Shoe-standpipe bolts
36 Thrust washer
37 Seat ring Valve seat ring 27
38 Seat-ring seal (upper)
39 Gasket-retainer
40 Retainer ring Seat-ring insert 28
41 Hydrant shoe Base 30
42 Seat-ring seal(lower)
43 Main valve Main valve 24
44 Bottom plate Lower valve plate 26
45 Lock ring
46 Cap nut
47 Lower stem seal
48 Drain-valve bushing Drain outlet 32
49 Hose-nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
50 Hose-nozzle O ring
52 Hose-cap gasket
53 Seal-plate O rings
54 Upper stem sleeve
55 Stem-sleeve O ring
56 Bonnet bolts
57 Tag
58 Stem lock pin
59 Stem-nut lock nut O ring

A Y Y A M17 89 = 0783350 0500704 2 2 8
APPENDMA 67
h&)
Style 929 Reliant

A Y W A M57 89 W O783350 O500785 164 W
68 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Century
Manufacturer: Mueller Canada, Inc.
Dry t o p
Part Number Part Name Preferred Term M17 Part Number

1-1 Operating n u t t o p Operating nut 1
1-2 Operating nut-bottom Stem nut 3
1-3 Retaining screw
1-4 O ring
2-1 O ring
2-2 O ring
3 Lubricating screw
4- 1 Thrust bearing
7-5 Cover4entury Bonnet 10
14 Housing gasket
15-2 Bearing housing Packing plate 9
16-2 Housing cover cap screw and
housing-cap screw-short
16-3 Housing-cap screw-long
18-9 Upper barrel-Century Nozzle section 11
18-10 Lower barrel Lower barrel 20
18-10-1 Lower-barrel pipe
18-10-2 Lower-barrel flange Breakable flange 22
18-10-3 Flange side bolts (not shown)
20- 1 Hose nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
20-2 Nozzle retaining ring
20-3 Nozzle gasket
21-1 Hose-nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
22 Hose-nozzle-cap gasket
26-1 Pumper-nozzle cap 15
27 Pumper-nozzle-cap gasket
30-5-1 Upper rod Stem 4
30-6 Lower rod Stem 4
30-51 Rod coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
30-51-2 Coupling clevis and cotter pin
31 Drip lever 31
32 Drip-lever cotter pin
33-1 Drip-lever washer
35 Main-valve seat Valve seat ring 27
36 Main-valve-seat gasket
37 Drain ring Seat-ring insert
38 Base and barrel flange gasket
39-6 Base-flange bolt and nut
39-10 Ground-flange bolt and nut
40-2 Valve-ball top Upper valve plate 25
41 Valve-ball rubber Main valve 24
42-2 Valve-ball bottom Lower valve plate 26
43 Valve-ball gasket
44 Rod nut
46 Base Base 30
47- 1 Cover retaining pin
48 Stop pin

APPENDMA 69
3
1-1
2- 1
16-2
7-5
14
21- I
4- 1
15-2
2-2
22
20-1
20-2
20-3
18-9
30-5-1
Bonnet Fasrenmg
30-5 1
30-5 1 - 2
1 ;
33-1
38
Century

A W W A N b 7 89 9 0783350 0500707 T37
70 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Super Centurion 200

Manufacturer: Mueller Co.
Dry tQP
Traffic model
M17
Number
Part Part Name Preferred Term Part Number
2 Weather shield Weather shield 2
3 Hold-down-nut O ring
4 Hold-down nut
5 Bonnet O ring
6 Antifriction washer
7 Oil filler plug
8 Bonnet Bonnet 10
9 Bonnet bolts
10 Bonnet gasket
11 Upper stem Stem 4
12 Stem O rings
13 Nozzle lock
15 Pumper-nozzle gasket
16 Pumper-nozzle O ring
19 Hose-nozzle gasket
20 Hose-nozzle O ring
22 Chains
23 Chain connector ring
24 Upper barrel Nozzle section 11
25 Safety stem coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
26 Safety-flange bolt
27 Safety-flange gasket
28 Safety flange Breakable flange 22
29 Cotter pins
30 Clevis pins
32 Lower barrel Lower barrel 20
33 Stem pin
35 Drain-valve-facing screw
36 Upper valve plate Upper valve plate 25
37 Shoe bolt
38 Drain-ring-housing gasket
39 Top seat-ring O ring
40 Drain-ring housing
41 Drain-ring-housing bolt
42 Drain ring Seat-ring insert 28
44 Bottom seat-ring O ring
47 Cap-nut seal
48 Lock washer
49 Cap nut
50 Shoe Base 30

A W W A M17 89 m 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500708 9 7 3 m
APPENDMA 71
-50
1 4 9 I
Mueller Super Centurion200

A W W A M17 8 9 U783350 0500709 B O T
72 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: C71P-I
Manufacturer: Terminal City Iron Works, Ltd.
Dry top
Traffic model
M17
Part Number Preferred
Part Name Term Part Number
TCH81-1 Nozzle section Nozzle section 11
TCH81-1E Nozzle section extended
TCH81-2 Base Base 30
TCH3 Packing plate Packing plate 9
TCH4 Bonnet Bonnet 10
H7 Lower valve plate Lower valve plate 26
H8 Upper valve plate Upper valve plate 25
H9 Valve seat ring Valve seat ring 27
TCH81-9A Seat-ring insert Seat-ring insert 28
863-10 Hose outlet nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
TCHlO Operating nut Operating nut 1
TCHlOA Revolving nut Stem nut 3
H13 Drain-valve face Drain valve 31
H14 Guide plate
H15 Drain-valve screw and washer
H18 Stop nut Stop nut 5
TCH19 Hold-down plate
H2 1 Valve-rod cap nut
TCH81-25 Pumper outletnozzle Pumper outlet nozzle 14
TCH25 Upper stem Stem 4
TCH25A Lower stem Stem 4
TCH25M Middle stem Stem 4
H28 Hold-down-plate-cap screw
H3 1 Valve-rod-bottom gasket
863-33 Independent-hose-valve stuffing box
H33 Packing-plate bolt
36 Packing-plate nut
863-40 Independent-stuffing-box O ring
863-41 Hose outlet-nozzle O ring
H44 Main valve Main valve 24
H45 Valve-seat O ring
H45A Seat-ring-insert O ring
H45-Al Pumper outlet-nozzle O ring
H46 Drain-hole liner Drain outlet 32
H50 Packing-plate gasket
H51 Elbow gasket
52 Pumper outlet-nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
53 Pumper outlet-nozzle-cap gasket
H54 Operating nut andcap screw
H55 Packing-plate O ring
TCH56 Hold-down-plate O ring
H57 Operating-nut cap-screw gasket
H59 Hose-outlet-nozzle cap
H60 Hose-outlet-nozzle-cap gasket
TCH61 Stem coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
H66A Valve top-plate gasket
H70 Bonnet bolt
H71 Thrust bearing
TCH81-72 Extension Lower barrel 20
TCH81-73 Pumper-outlet-nozzle lock ring
TCH81-74 Nozzle-section flange Breakable flange 22
TCH81-75 Extension flange Breakable flange 22
TCH81-76 Nozzle-section-flange retaining ring
TCH81-77 Barrel-flange retaining ring
91 Independent-hose-valve outlet nozzle
92 IndeDendent-hose-valve gate
93 Independent-hose-valve iperating spindle
"

A W W A Ml17 89 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 00 5 0 0 7 1 05 2 1
AF'PENDMA 73
863-IO
--" I N
TCH81- I
(TCHBI-IE)
C'Il'-I
I
4

Model: Metropolitanm 250
Manufacturer: US Pipe & Foundry Co.
Classification: Dry-barrel h y d r a n t
Dry b P
Trafic model
M 17
Number
Part Description Preferred Name Part Number
2 Operating-nut seal
3 Operating-nut locking pin
4 Lubricant ( i n chamber)
5 Travel stop nut Stop nut 5
6 Hold-down nut
7 Hold-down-nut screw
8 Bonnet Bonnet 10
9 Bonnet-locking screw
10 Bonnet seal
11 Travel stop washer
12 Bonnet-revolving-nut O rings
13 Revolving nut Stem nut 3
14 Inner-revolving-nut O rings
15 Pumper nozzle Pumper outletnozzle 14
16 Pumper-nozzle-cap gasket
18 Pumper nozzle gasket
20 Hose nozzle-cap gasket
21 Hose nozzle cap
22 Hose nozzle gasket
23 Chain assembly
24 Valve rod upper Stem 4
25 Standpipe upper Nozzle section 11
26 Valve-rod coupling (fransble) Frangible stem coupling 18
27 Coupling retaining rings
28 Rod coupling pins
29 Standpipe coupling pins
30 Standpipe coupling (frangible) Breakable barrel coupling 21
31 Standpipe coupling bolt and nut
32 Valve rod lower Stem 4
33 Standpipe lower Lower barrel 20
34 Top-plate pin-shearproof
35 Valve top plate Upper valve plate 25
36 Valve rod lower O ring
37 Elbow locking key
38 TYTON gasket
40 Guide plate
41 Drain-valve screws
43 Seat-ring O rings
45 Valve bottom plate Lower valve plate 26
46 Elbow Base 30
47 Anti-friction bearing
48 Nozzle locks

A W W A M L 7 89 111 0783350 0500712 3 T 4 M
APPENDMA 75
Metropolitan TM 250

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500713 230
76 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: WB-67
Manufacturer: Waterous Co.
Dry top
Trafic model
M17
3 O-ring packing
5 Flange gasket
6 HD
Hex bolt 5/8-11 x 3-in.
6A Hex HD bolt 6/8-11 x 33/4-in.
6B Hex HD bolt V8-11 x 3-in.
6C Hex nut V8-11
7 Drain plunger Drain valve 31
8 Cotter pin V4 in. by 11/2 in.
10 Nozzle cap (hose or pumper) Outlet-nozzle cap 15
11 Cap gasket
12 Nozzle (hose or pumper) Outlet nozzle 12
16 Flat HD screw l/4-20 x in.
17A Operating nut-lower Stem nut 3
17B Operating nut-upper Operating nut 1
25 Valve-rod bushing
30 Crossarm
31 Valve seat Valve seat ring 27
34 Upper valve washer Upper valve plate 25
36 Lower valve washer Lower valve plate 26
40 Upper standpipe Upper barrel 19
54 Drain bushing Drain outlet 32
56 Support Packing plate 9
57 O-ring packing
59 O-ring packing
61 Bury depth plate
61 Bury-depth-plate washer
62 Lock-ring clamp
63 Standpipe flange
64 Flange lock ring
67 Coupling sleeve (two halves) Frangible stem coupling 18
71 Upper rod assembly Stem 4
72 Lower rod Stem 4
81 Groove pin 3/32 in. x 7/1s in.
82 Upper tube seal
83 Lower tube seal
ket Support 84
e Support 85
Stop 86 Stop nut 5
87 Coupling nut
88 Coupling stud
bushing
Operating-nut 89
90 Thrust ring
92 gasket
standpipe
Upper
Breakable 113

A W W A M17 8 9 W 0783350 0500714 L77 W
APPENDIXA 77
)6 r SEE DETAIL "A"
12
II
IO
25
57 60
89
90 17 B
DETAIL "A"
WB-67

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500715 O03
78 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Eddy
Compression-open with pressure
Traffic model
M17
Part Number
Part Preferred Name Term Part Number
2
3 Cover Bonnet 10
4 ring Support
6 Steamer cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
Stem 7 stem 4
8 Stem coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
9 Standpipe flange
11 Upper Valve plate 25 valve plate
12 Main Valve rubber valve 24
Seat 13 27 ring Valve seat
15 Spool
16 Lever assembly
17 stem Upper sleeve
Drain 18 rod
ge Breakable
20 Breakflange
Standpipe 21 bell
rain rubber
22 Drain valve 31
23 32 cup outlet Drain
Stem 24 Middle stem 4
Throttling 25 Lower valve plate 26
nut 27 Stem 3

AF'PENDIXA 79
Eddy

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500717 986
80 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Iowa
Toggle-open with pressure
Trafflc model
M17
Part Number
Part Preferred Name Term Part Number
Packing 2gland Packing 7
3 Packing
4 Hydrant sleeve
stem 5 Upper Stem 4
6 Nozzle section Nozzle sedion 11
7 Stem coupling Frangible-stem coupling 18
8 Lower stem Stem 4
nut 9 Stem 3
10 arm Operating
11 Drain assembly Drain valve 31
12 Dome Bonnet 10
Packing 13 Head plate 9
15 Steamer cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
Hose cap cap Outlet-nozzle 15
17 Valve rubber Main valve 24
18 Gate washer Lower valve plate 26
19
21 Standpipe flange
22 ring Valve seat ring Valve seat 27

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500718 8 1 2
APPENDIX A 81
Iowa

A W W A ML7 89 = 0783350 0500739 759
82 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Rensselaer
Manufacturer: Ludlow-Rensselaer Hydrant Co.
Toggle-open with pressure
Traffic model
M17
Operating ON nut Operating 1
Lock LR ring
YR 10 Dome Bonnet
ZR Operating sleeve
FP Follower plate gland Packing 7
FG Follower gland Gland bushing 8
FS Follower stud
SN Follower-stud nut
PK Packing
HP Head plate Packing plate 9
Head-plate gasket
HS bolts, Head short
HL bolts, Head long
Head nuts
XR Deflector
GG Collar
FF Collar set screws
NN Pumper nozzle outlet Pumper nozzle 14
O0 Pumper-nozzle cap cap Outlet-nozzle 15
MM Nozzle chain
W Hose nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
AA Hose-nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
TR Operating rod Stem 4
Rx Operating-rod extension
UR Standpipe Nozzle section 11
W Flange bolts
Flange nuts
Gasket
XP Extension piece Lower barrel 20
L Coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
Coupling pins
P Top stem nut Stem nut 3
B Operating arms
C Gate plate Upper valve plate 25
O Gate pin, short
N Gate pin, long
M Gate cotter pins
D Gate rubber Main valve 24
E Gate washer Lower valve plate 26
F Gate nut
RR Seat ring Valve seat ring 27
Q Bottom stem nut
A Spindle
G Drip-valve holder Drain valve 31
H Drip-valve rubber Drain valve 31
I Drip-valve washer Drain valve 31
J Drip-valve bolt Drain valve 31
KR Drip barrel Drain oulet 32
SR Bottom section Base 30
BF Base flange
W Base-flange bolts
Base-flange nuts

A W W A Mb7 89 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500720 Y70
APPENDMA 83
YR
ZR
FP
FG
FS
SN
PK
HP
HS
HL
XR
GG
FF

A W W A M37 8 3 m 0783350 0 5 0 0 7 2 3 307
84 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Ludlow 90-0, Ludlow 90

Manufacturer: Ludlow-Rensselaer Hydrant Co.
Slidegate
Traffic model
M 17
E-90 Packing-dome studs
EO-90 Nut for packing-dome stud
HO-90 Bronze sleeve
10-90 Packing dome
JO-90 O ring
A-90 Hydrant head Nozzle section 11
"90 Connecting pipe Lower barrel 20
B-90 Bottom Base 30
c-90 Stem 4
D-90 Follower or dome bolts
E-90 Packing-plate studs
Bronze
G-90 wedge nut
Bronze H-90 sleeve
1-90 Packing plate Packing plate 9
ing J-90 or follower Packing gland 7
K-90 Dome Bonnet 10
L-90 nut Umbrella operating Operating nut 1
M-90 Gate Gate 29
ring N-90 Bronze seat Valve seat ring 27
0-90 Main valve 24
P-90 Nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
Q-90 Bronze nozzle Outlet nozzle 12
R-90 Bronze drip piece Drain valve 31
s-90 Bronze drip washer Drain valve 31
T-90 Drip rubber Drain valve
nut U-90 Bronze drip Drain valve
v-90 Bronze drip cup Drain valve 31
W-90 Bronze drip bolt Drain valve 31
x-90 Bronze
plate gate
Y-90 Bronze nut
gate-plate
Flangez-90 bolts-ground line
zz-90 Flange bolts-bottom
Gate
Ax-90 locking device

A W W A ML7 89 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500722 243
APPENDIXA 85
I LIST 90-0
LIST 90
Ludlow 90, Ludlow 90-0

Model: Terminal City Iron Works, 20-P
Manufacturer: Terminal City Iron Works, Ltd.
Slidegate
Flange at ground line
Traffic model
M 17
8 Stem collar
863-10 Hose outlet nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
11 Main-gate screw
11A Stem coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
15 Seat-plate nut
16 Screwed end piece
17 Drain cup Drain outlet 32
18 Drain-valve washer Drain valve 31
19 Drain-valve bolt Drain valve 31
20 Drain-valve nut 31
21 Drain-action spring
23 Main-gate rubber Main valve 24
24 Drain-valve rubber
25 Pumper outletnozzle Pumper outlet nozzle 14
A37 Nozzle section to packing-plate bolt
38 Barrel bolt
40 Main gate Gate 29
41 Main-gate wedge nut
863-41 Hose-outlet O ring
42 Base Base 30
863-42 Hose-outlet lock ring
43 Valve seat ring Valve seat ring 27
44 Valve seat plate
46 Packing plate to nozzle-section gasket
47 Barrel t o nozzle-section gasket
48 Nozzle section to barrel stud
52 Pumper outlet-nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
53 Pumper outlet-nozzle-cap gasket
55 Stem-collar pin
59 Hose outlet-nozzle cap
60 Hose outlet-nozzle-cap gasket
67 Barrel-bolt nut
69 Stem-coupling pin
77 Drain-valve pin
l0lX Extension Lower barrel 20
222 Stem Stem 4
6 16 Operating nut Operating nut 1
617 Bonnet bolt
6 18 Bonnet Bonnet 10
620 Packing plate Packing plate 9
631 Operating-nut O ring

A W W A ML7 89 = 0783350 0500724 O L b =
APPENDMA 87
DETAIL "A'
DRIP VALVE ASS'Y
SE
Terminal City Iron Works, 20-P

A W W A ML7 89 = 0783350 0500725 T 5 2 W
88 FIRE HYDRANTS
I
Model: 9635 Wall Hydrant and 9635-F Flush Hydrant
Manufacturer: Crane Canada, Ltd.
Flush compression-open against pressure
M17
Part Number
Name Part Preferred Term Part Number
1 Operating housing
2 Hose nozzle
3 Hose-nozzle cap
Housing-stem
4 O rings
5 Surface box cover
Housing 6 gasket joint
7 Oil-hole screw
a nut Operating
9 Operating
nut O ring
10 Cover swing bolt
11 Suface box
Operating
nut 12 needle bearing
Cap 13 screw
14 Body cap
15 Body cap gasket
16 Body
17 Hose cap gasket
18 gasket cap Pumper
Pumper 19 nozzle cap
20 Pumper nozzle
Cap21 screws for body cap
22 Hose and pumper nozzle pin
Operating
23
upper
with
stem bronze sleeve
24 Intersection
bolts nuts and
25 Surface box cap screw
26 Intersection gaskets
27 Safety coupling
28 Safety coupling boltsnuts
and
29 stem
Operating lower
30 Intermediate section
31 Drip valve
32 Drain hole lining
33 Seat casing O ring
34 Seat O ring (top and bottom)
Main 35 valve disc
Main 36 valve washer
Cot.kr 37 pin
Main 38 valve O ring
39 Holding clamp
40 Drip valve facing
Seat 41 casing
42 Main valve seat
43 Main valve locknut
44 required)
Elbow
inlet
(state
45 Holding clamp screw
Drain 46 hole plug
47 ring Retaining
Flange 48 for intersection
49 Inter-extension stem

A W U A M17 8 9 0783350 0500726 qqq m
APPENDIXA 89
I-

A W W A M17 89 0783350
0500727 825
90 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: 229
Manufacturer: M&H Valve Co.
Flush compression-open against pressure
Wet t o p
Flush model
M17
1 Hydrant
30 shoe Base
2 Lower barrel 20
5 Main valve rod4 Stem
O-ring 9 seal
rating 10 1
11 plug Lubricating
Operating 12
1 locknut
Steamer 17 nozzle outlet Pumper nozzle 14
19 Steamer-nozzle
cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
20 Steamer-nozzle-cap washer
23 capOutlet-nozzle
Hose-nozzle cap 15
I 24
25
Hose-nozzle-cap washer
Cap chain
26 Standpipe gasket
27 Standpipe bolt and nut
28 drain
Hydrant valve Drain valve 31
29 Main-valve lower plate Lower valve plate 26
31 Main-valve-rod nut
I 32 Main-valve acorn nut
33 Main-valve seat Valve seat ring 27
34 Main-valve-seat O ring-upper
35 Drain-valve facing
36 Drain-valve rivet
39 Cover handle
40 Main-valve-rod gasket
43 Weatherproof washer
44 Hydrant-box cover
45 Hydrant box
46 Main-valve-seat O ring-lower

L
A W W A ML7 8 9 m 0783350 0500728 7 b l m
APPENDMA 91
229

A W W A M17 89 R 0 7 8 3 3 5 00 5 0 0 7 2 9 bT8
92 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Three-way Flush

Wet top
Flush model
M17
1 cap Pumper-nozzle Outlet-nozzle cap 15
Pumper-nozzle 2 gasket
3 Pumper nozzle outlet Pumper nozzle 14
5 Hose-nozzle gasket
7 Oil screw
9 Oil screw
10 Hold-down nut
11 Top section Nozzle section 11
12 O-ring seal
13 O-ring seal
Cap 14 screw
15 gasket Barrel
16 Barrel Lower barrel 20
17 4
Upper 18 Upper valve plate valve plate 25
19 Drain-valve screw
Seat 21 ring Valve seat 27
Shoe 22 bolt
23 Metallic gasket
24 valve Main valve 24
26 Valve nut
27 Cap nut
end
28 Shoe hub Base 30
29 Nut

A W W A M17 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5005 0 0 7 3 0 31T
APPENDIX A 93
SHOE INLET SH3WN

53 OUT OF TRUE
Three-way Flush

A W W A M L 7 87 0783350 0500731 2 5 6
94 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Series H Hydrant With Pilot Valve for Higher Pressures

Manufacturer: US Pipe & Foundry Co.
Dry top
Trafic model
M17
1 Standpipe-upper section Nozzle section 11
la Standpipe-lower section Lower barrel 20
2 Elbow mechanical joint end Base 30
3 O-ring seal plate
4 Bonnet Bonnet 10
5 Hose nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
6 Pumper nozzle cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
7 Valve bottom plate Lower valve plate 26
8 Valve top plate Upper valve plate 25
9 Valve seat ring Valve seat ring 27
9a Sub-seat
10a Revolving nut Stem nut 3
13 Drain valve face Drain valve 31
14 Guide plate
15 Drain valve screws
18 Travel stop nut Stop nut 5
19 Hold down plate
21 Pilot valve cap nut
25 Valve rod upper section Stem 4
25a Valve rod lower section Stem 4
28 Hold down plate cap screws
33 Standpipe bolts and nuts
34 Elbow bolts and nuts
35 Seal plate bolts and nuts
36 Bonnet studs and nuts
41 Chain assembly
42 Hose nozzle cap gasket
43 Pumper nozzle cap gasket
44 Valve Main valve 24
45 Seat ring O rings
46 Drain hole liner Drain outlet 32
47 Subseat O rings
49 Auxiliary top plate
50 Top flange gasket
51 Bottom flange gasket
52 Pilot valve
54 Operating nut cap screw
55 Seal plate O rings
56 Hold down plate O ring
57 Cap screw gasket
58 Lubricant
61 Valve rod safety coupling Frangible stem coupling 18
62 Rod coupling bolts and nuts
65 Standpipe ring gasket
66 Valve top plate gasket
67 Standpipe safety coupling Breakable barrel coupling 21

A W W A M17 89 0 7 8 3 3 5005 0 0 7 3129 2
APPENDIX A 95
20
57
'O"--_________\
19
18
50
35
3
55
SHEATH
" 2 5
61
\ 66
Series H Hydrant With Pilot Valve for Higher Pressures

A W W A ML7 B9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500733 O29 W
AWWAMANUAL
Appendix B
Illustrated Guide to Wet-Barrel
Fire Hydrant Nomenclature
This Appendix contains drawings of many of wet-barrel hydrants currently available.

Accompanying each drawing is a parts list that gives the part names and numbers
used by the manufacturer along with the corresponding preferred terms and numbers
suggested by this manual (see Sec. 3.4).
Each manufacturer supplies a varietyof hydrants, but because of limited space
not all models or manufacturers may be included. For more information on a specific
hydrant, contact the manufacturer.
The inclusion of any manufacturer or hydrant in this Appendix is not to be con-
strued as a recommendation by A W A or the A W A Standards Committee on Fire
Hydrants; nor is the failure to include any manufacturer or hydrant to be construed
as a comment on the quality or usability of units not included.
Finally, due to differences in each make of hydrant, not all components are iden-
tical or comparable by term. Therefore, some hydrants have components for which
there is no preferred term.
Wet-Barrel Hydrants Included in Appendix B
Manufacturer Model Page

ClowValve Co. 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
JamesJones Co. J3700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
JamesJones Co. J3708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
JamesJones Co. J3760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Mueller Co. Two-way Hydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Mueller Co. Three-wayHydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
LongBeach Iron Works Inc. B-125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Angle Globe Valves

JamesJones Co. J344HP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
High-pressurehydrant (generic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Vault hydrant (generic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
96

A W W A ML7 89 078335
0050073
T4b 5
APPENDIX B 97
a
m
c
a
B
al
h
a
$
m
aJ

A W W A "17 89 = 0783350 0500735 9 T L
98 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Glow 850

Manufacturer: Glow Valve Co.
Classification: Wet-barrel hydrant
Part Number
Name Part Preferred Term Number
1 Body Body 2
2 Stem sleeve Stuffing box 11
3 Stem Stem 6
4 Outlet Hose outlet nozzle or 13 or 14
pumper outlet nozzle
5 Carrier Valve carrier 7
6 Retainer Valve-washer retainer 9
7 Valve rubber Valve washer 8
8 Washer
9 Slotted nut nut Retaining 10
10 Cotter pin
11 O ring
(outlet)
12 O ring
(carrier)
132 O rings
(stem)
14 O ring (stem sleeve)
and 15 16 gasket
PRO-cap and Outlet-nozzle
cap 15

A W W A M17 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 050073b 838
AF'PENDMB 99

A W W A ML7 87 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500737 774 D
100 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: James Jones J3700

Manufacturer: James Jones Co.
M17
1 Body head Hydrant head 3
2 Set screw
3 Stem locknut
stem 4 4 in. Stem 6
5 insert 4 in. Stuffing box 11
6 O ring
7 nut Stem
8 nut Operating
9 Stat-O-Seal
10 Locking screw
11 O ring
12 Spool Barrel 4
13 Disc Valve washer 8
14 nut Retaining
4 in.nut
disc retaining 10
15 in. 4 disc holder Valve carrier 7
16 4 in. hose washer
17 in. 4 hose cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
18 insert
2 112 in. Stuffing box 11
19 stem
2 1/2 in. Stem 6
20 2 in. disc Valve washer 8
21 2 112 in. disc retaining
nut nut Retaining 10
2 22 112 in. hose cap cap Outlet-nozzle 15
23 2 112 in. hose washer
24 2 112 in. disc holder Valve carrier 7
25 Chain

A W W A ML7 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500738 600
:1

A W W A ML7 89 0783350 0500737 5 4 7 =
102 FIRE HYDRANTS
I
M17
1 Dome cap
2 Hydrant Body head head 3
3 Set screw
4 Stem locknut
stem 5 4 in. 6
6 insert 4 in. Stuffing box 11
7 O ring
8 nut Stem
9 nut Operating
10 4 in. hose cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
11 4 in. hose washer
12 4 in. disc holder Valve carrier 7
13 nut Retaining
4 in.nut
disc retaining 10
14 4 in. disc Valve washer 8
15 2 V 2 in. insert Stuffing box 11
16 Stem 2 V 2 in. stem 6
17 2 112 in. disc Valve washer 8
18 cap2 112 in. hose Outlet-nozzle cap 15
20 2 V 2 in. disc holder Valve carrier 7
21 Chain
22 nut2
Retaining
112 in. disc
nutretaining 10

A W W A M17 89 m 0783350 0500740 2 b 9 m
APPENDIX B 103
IU
104 FIRE HYDRANTS

~
I
M 17
t Number Part Preferred Name Term Number
2 2 nut Retaining in.nut disc retaining 10
3 2 '12 in. disc Valve washer 8
2 5 V 2 in. hose cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
6 Stem locknut
7 Stem '12 in. stem 6
head 8 Hydrant Body head 3
9 Set screw
11 4 112 in. disc Valve washer 8
12 hose 4 lI2 in. cap capOutlet-nozzle 15
Stem 13 stem 4 112 in. 6
14 Chain
15 Body-lower Barrel 4
16 nut Stem
17 Operating nut
18 O ring
19 4 112 in. insert Stuffing box 11
20 Nut
21 Bolt
22 O ring
24 4 112 in. insert Stuffing box 11
25 nut4Retaining
112 in. disc
nutretaining 10
I

APPENDIX B 105
/ 1
James Jones J3760

-
A W W A ML7 80 97 8 3 3 50 05 0 0 7 4T37 8
106 FIRE HYDRANTS
I
Model: Mueller Two-way Hydrant
M17
Number Part Part Name Preferred Term Number
1 Top section head Hydrant 3
2 Stem 6
3 Valve carrier Valve carrier 7
4 Valve washer Valve washer 8
5 Valve-washer retainer Valve-washer retainer 9
nut 6 Retaining nut 10
Cotter 7 pin
8 Stem O ring
9 Stuffing box Stuffing box 11
10 Stuffing box O ring
11 Barrel O rings
12 Hose-valve nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
13 Seat O ring
14 Retaining pin
15 Hose cap Outlet-nozzle cap 15
16
17 Hose-cap gasket
18 Spool Barrel 4
19 Spool O ring
20 Regular
square-head or hex-head bolt
21 Regular or
square hex nut
22 Gasket
23 Lower bury ell Lower bury ell 16

A W W A M17 6 9 W 0783350 0 5 0 0 7 4 4 904
APPENDIX B 107
r 6
-? 3
Mueller Two-way Hydrant

A W W A ML7 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 U500745 B Y 0
108 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: Mueller Three-way Hydrant

M17
1 Top section head Hydrant 3
2 Stem 6
6 Slotted nut Retaining nut 10
7 Cotter pin
8 Stem O ring
9 Stuffing box Stuffing box 11
10 Stuffing box O ring
11 Barrel O rings
12 Hose-valve nozzle Hose outlet nozzle 13
13 Seat O ring
14 Retaining pin
16 Chain
17 Hose-cap gasket
18 Spool with nozzle Barrel 4
19 Spool O ring
23 Pumper-valve nozzle outlet
Pumper nozzle 14
24 Seat O ring
25 Outlet-nozzle
Pumper cap cap 15
26 Pumper cap gasket
27 Regular square-head or hex-head bolts
28 Regular square or hex nuts
29 Gasket
30 Lower
ell bury Lower bury ell 16

APPENDIX B 109
Mueller Three-way Hydrant

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500747 b L 3
110 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: B-125
Manufacturer: Long Beach Iron Works, Inc.
M17
Part Number Part Name Name Preferred Number
Hydrant 1 head Hydrant 3
2 Pedestal
4 3 in. or 4 112 in. valve stem
4 2 V 2 in. valve stem
5 4 in. or 4 112 in. valve carrier
6 2 112 in. valve carrier
7 4 in. or 4 1/2 in. valve insert
8 2 112 in. valve insert
9 4 in. or 4 V 2 in. valve retainer
10 2 112 in.2 112
valve
in. retainer
11 4 in. or 4 V 2 in. hose outlet nozzle
12 2 112 in. hose outlet nozzle
13 Slotted
nutretaining
14 Dummy nut
15 Dummy nut bolt
16 Safety bolt
17 Safety nut
18 4 in. or 4 V 2 in. outlet nozzle cap
19 2 outlet
112 in. nozzle cap
20 2 112 in. or 4 chain
in. with
harness
ring
21 Cotter pin
22 Stem guide O ring
23 Stem O ring
24 4 in, or 4 in. valve seat O ring
25 2 V 2 in. valve seat O ring
26 Hydrant/pedestal O ring
27 4 in. or 4 in. flat hose-washer
28 2 112 in. flat hose-washer

A W W A M17 89 0783350 0500748 55T m
APPENDIX B 111
\'o
3-125

A W W A M17 8 9 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0 5 0 0 7 4 9 496
112 FIRE HYDRANTS
Model: James Jones J344HP

Manufacturer: J a m e s Jones Co.
Classification: Angle fire hydrant valve
M17
Part Number
Name Part Preferred Term Number
1 nut Stem
2 nut Operating
3 Packing nut
4 Packing
5 Bonnet
bonnet Union 6 nut
7 Gasket
8 Stem locknut
9 Disc holder Valve carrier 7
10 Body
11 Disc Valve washer 8
nut 12
Retaining nut Disc retaining 10
13
15 Hose washer
16

A W W A M17 8 9 W 0783350 0500750 L08
APPENDIX B 113
James Jones J344HP

A W W A M17 8 7 0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0500751 044
114 FIRE HYDRANTS
4-in. X 2V2-in. Fire Hydrant Angle Valve

(High Pressure )
6-in. X 4-in. Swagged Seamless Steel Nipple

With Cement-Mortar Lining
24 in.
1"I
-
"
/ 6-in. Standard Galvanized Coupling,
Coat Threads With Red Oxide Lacquer
9 i n.
/ 6-in. Standard Steel Pipe With
Cement-Mortar Linlng
i1
High-pressure hydrant (generic)

A W W A M17 89 W 0783350 0 5 0 0 7 5 2 T 8 0
APPENDIX B 115
Vault hydrant
Wet barrel
Part Number
Name
Part
Angle fire plug
Gate valve
Beaded nipple
Flared nipple
Coupling
Reducer 90' ell
90' ell
Close nipple
6 In. Pipe Drain
Vault hydrant (generic)

Bibliography
SWEITZER, R.J. Basic Water Works Manual. Standard for Dry-Barrel FireHydrants.
Amer. Concrete Pressure Pipe Assn., AWWA Standard C502. AWWA, Denver,
Vienna, Va. (1958). Colo. (1985).
Form and Procedures for Fire Flow Tests. Standard for Wet-BarrelFireHydrants.
Jour. AWWA, 68:5:264 (May 1976). AWWA Standard C503. AWWA, Denver,
Colo. (1982).
Simplified Water Supply Testing. Alliance
ofAmer. Insurers,Schaumburg, Ill. (6th Standard for Installation of Ductile-Iron
ed., 1982). WaterMains andTheir Appurtenances.
AWWA Standard C600. AWWA, Denver,
SupplyTestingfor Fire Departmentand
Colo. (1987).
Insurance. Amer. Insurance Assn.,New
York, N.Y. WaterDistribution. Principles and Prac-
tices of Water Supply Operations, Vol. 3.
Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Test-
AWWA, Denver, Colo. (1986).
ing
and Marking of Hydrants. NFPA
Standard 291-1983.NFPA,Quincy, Mass.
(1983).
Fire Flow Tests: Discharge Tables for Cir-
cularOutletsFrictionLossesinPipes.
NFPA, Quincy, Mass. (1981).
116

A W W A M L 7 89 0783350 0 5 0 0 7 5 4 853
Index
American Water WorksAssn. installation, 21, 25
C502 Standard for Dry-Barrel Fire lubrication, 31
Hydrants, v preinstallation inspection, 20-21
C503 Standard for Wet-Barrel Fire record keeping, 33
Hydrants, v repairs, 31-33
Standards Committee on Fire testing, 26-27
Hydrants, 10, 17 uses, v, 28-29
Auxiliary valve, 10, 17 See also Dry-barrel fire hydrants; Wet-
barrel fire hydrants; Names of
Backflow-preventiondevices, 15,29 particular kinds of fire hydrants
Ball hydrant, 3 Flow hydrants, 39
Barrel, 18 Flow tests
Base, 15 determining flow, 43,48, 50
Body, 18 field procedure, 41-43
Body head, 18 personnel and equipment, 40
Bonnet, 11 planning, 41
Boot, 15 rigid diverters, 43
Bottom, 15 stable pressure, 50
Bottom plate, 13 uses, 39
Branch, 10, 17 Flush hydrants, 3, 6-7, 10, 17
Breakable barrel coupling, 13 Frangible bolt, 13
Breakable bolt, 13 Frangible standpipe coupling, 13
Breakable coupling, 13 Frangible stem coupling, 13
Bury, 10, 18 Frost jacket, 10
Bury section, 17 Frost-jacket hydrants, 7
Carrier, 19 Gate, 15
Cast-iron pipe, 2 Gland bushing, 11
Cover, 10-11,17 Ground line, 10, 17
Direction to open, 9, 17 Higbee cut, 15, 19
Disc, 19 High-pressure hydrants, 7-8, 16
Disc holder, 19 High-pressure pilot-valve hydrants, 8
Disc retaining nut, 19 Hose cap, 19
Drain bushing, 15 Hose connection, 10, 17
Drain cup, 15 Hose gate, 10, 13, 17
Drain-hole liner, 15 Hose outlet nozzle, 13, 19
Drain outlet, 15 Hose valve, 13
Drain ring, 15 Hose valve nozzle, 19
Drain valve, 15 Hydrant cap, 11
Drainage test, 26-27 Hydrant gate, 10, 17
Drip tubing, 15 Hydrant head, 18
Dry-barrel fire hydrant, 5 Hydrant lead, 10, 17
compression, 5-6 Hydrant meters, 15
construction terms, 9-10 Hydrant-valve top, 13
drainage test, 26-27 Hydrants
history, 3 See Fire hydrants
inspection, 30
installation terms, 10 Independently gated outlets, 15
nomenclature, 10-11, 13, 15 Insert, 19
nomenclature (illustrated guide), 51-95 Insert ring, 15
slide-gate, 6
toggle, 6 Lateral, 10, 17
types, 5-9 Lower barrel, 13
Dry-top, 9 Lower body, 18
Lower bury ell, 19
Elbow, 15 Lower cap nut, 13
Lower valve plate, 13
Fire hydrants Lower valve washer, 13
flow tests, 39-43, 48, 50
history, 1-4 Main gate, 15
inspection, 29-31 Main valve, 13
117

AUWA M17 8 9 = 0783350 0500755 79T
118 FIRE HYDRANTS
Main-valve opening,10 Stem coupling, 13

Midsection, 19 Stem guide, 19
Stem nut, 11
No-drain hydrant, 10 Stem sleeve, 19
Nozzle section, 11 Stem stop, 11
Nut, 19 Stop nut, 11
Operating nut, 11 StuMing box, 11, 19
Outlet, 19 Subseat, 15
Outlet nozzle, 11, 13 Support ring, 11
Outlet-nozzle cap, 13, 19 Tees, 2
Packing box, 11 Top plate, 13
Packing gland, 11 Top section, 18
Packing plate, 11 Trafic-model hydrants, 3, 10
damage to, 32-33
Packing pusher, 11
Packing replacement, 32 Travel-stop nut, 11
Trench, 10, 17
Pipe connection, 10, 17
Pitot pressure, 39 Upper barrel, 11, 13
Post hydrants, 3-4, 10,17 Upper standpipe, 11
Pressure test, 26 Upper valve plate, 13
Pro-cap, 19 Upper valve washer, 13
Protection cover, 10
Pumper connection, 10, 15, 17, 19 Valve, 13
Pumper outlet nozzle, 13 Valve-ball bottom, 13
Valve-ball rubber, 13
Reduced-pressure devices (RPD), 26-27 Valve-ball top, 13
Residual pressure, 39 Valve carrier, 18, 19
Retainer, 19 Valve disc, 13
Retainer ring, 15 Valve gasket, 13
Retaining nut, 19 Valve insert, 19
Revolving nut, 11 Valve opening, 17
Rigid diverters, 43 Valve rubber, 13, 19
Riser, 19 Valve seat, 13, 15, 19
Rod, 11 Valve seat ring, 15
Rod coupling, 13 Valve stem, 18
Valve top plate, 13
Seal plate, 11
Seat, 19 Valve washer, 19
Valve-washer retainer, 19
Seat ring, 15, 19
Seat-ring insert, 15 Weather cap, 11
Shoe, 15 Weather shield, 11
Slotted nut, 19 Wet-barrel hydrants, 4, 16
Spool, 18 construction terms, 17
Stable pressure, 50 inspection, 31
Standpipes, 3, 13, 19 installation terms, 17
Static pressure, 39 nomenclature, 17-19
Steamer connection, 15, 19 nomenclature (illustrated guide), 96-115
Steamer nozzle, 13 Wet-top, 10
Stem, 11,18
Stem bushing, 19

ISBN 0-89867-460-3


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COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

AWWA MANUAL M17

American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

ISBN 0-89867-460-3 Printed on reeyeled paper

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Chapter 2 Dry-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and

Chapter 3 Wet-Barrel Hydrants: Definitions and

Chapter 4 Inspection, Installation, Testing, and Placing the

Chapter 5 Maintenance . . . ................... 28

Chapter 6 Flow Tests ....................... 39

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Appendix A Illustrated Guide to Dry-Barrel Fire

Appendix B Illustrated Guide to Wet-Barrel Fire

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

S.F. Gorden (Chairman), Portland Water District, Portland,Maine

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

The AWWA Standards Committee on Fire Hydrants gratefully acknowledges

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

This chapter is based, in part,

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Figure 1 - 1 Fire-plug arrangement

Figure 1-2 Ball hydrant,

Figure 1-3 Standpipe inserted Figure 1-4 Sluice-valve-type

1.2 IRON PIPE AND PERMANENT ACCESS POINTS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

HISTORY OF FIRE HYDRANTS 3

1.3 DEVELOPMENT OF DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

1.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

2.1 TYPES OF DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

_ _ - - - - - -Upper Valve Plate

Figure 2- 1 Compression-type hydrant, opens against pressure.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

--- Drain-Valve Rod

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Figure 2-3 Toggle hydrant.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Figure 2-4 Slide-gate hydrant.

2.2 CONSTRUCTION TERMS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

2.3 INSTALLATION TERMS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

2.4 PREFERRED NOMENCLATURE FOR DRY-BARREL

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

through 2-5 indicatethepreferrednomenclature for severaltypes of dry-barrel

*Of course, allhydrants do notcomprise thesame components.The diversity of

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Figure 2 - 5 ~Composite dry-barrel hydrant-upper barrel; compression type-opens against

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

otherwise formed to permit attachment of a fire-hose connection. Also called nozzle,

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

_"" "-" - - - - - - - - - Breakable Bolts

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

2.5 AUXILIARY COMPONENTS FOR DRY-BARREL HYDRANTS

2.6 MISCELLANEOUS AND OBSOLETE HYDRANT TERMS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

3.1 WET-BARREL HYDRANTS

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

I 3.2 CONSTRUCTION TERMS FOR WET-BARRELHYDRANTS

i 3.3 INSTALLATIONTERMS FOR WET-BARRELHYDRANTS