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VIRTUALIZATION

INTRODUCTION
Virtualization is a technique to perform the function of the hardware through software
engineering (application). In other words, the hardware is executed virtually, because
physically does not exist. Nowdays, with the outbreak of the era of cloud computing
(cloud computing), hence the term virtualization back into the trend. Actually, this term
has long been recognized in the functions of the computer. In general, virtualization can
run on a variety of needs, for example, the hardware platform, operating system (os),
storage and network. Now virtualization has more sophisticated capabilities and
functional. One of them is to create a number of virtual machines (virtual machine) in a
computer (or server). The virtual machine is a computer in the computer, that number
could be doubled depending on the capabilities of its parent computer (host computer).
The aim is to optimize the function of the master device, in addition to making the user
does not need to waste money and cost to buy many devices. Virtualization refers in this
article to the process of decoupling the hardware from the operating system on a physical
machine. Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization also refers to the creation of a
virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system. Software
executed on these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources.
The Virtualization is the most effective way to reduce the Information Technology cost in
nowadays business environment, On this assignment i will explain how Virtualization
software as an operating system virtualization use to allow piece of hardware to run
multiple images at same time and discuss how virtualization software works with
virtualization machine.

VIRTUALIZATION DEFINITION
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version or a process of abstraction to computer
resources, such as operating systems, server, storage device or network resources.
Another definition is a technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing
resources from how other systems, applications, or users interact with those resources.

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This includes making a single resource (such as a server, an operating system, an
application, or storage equipment) is seen to function as multiple logical resources; or it
can also create multiple physical resources (such as multiple storage devices or servers)
appear as a single logical resources.

THE USES OF VIRTUALIZATION

The general purpose of virtualization is the centralization of administrative tasks and
improve the scalability and workload. In addition, virtualization is also intended as a
software testing when we make some of the network virtualization. So if there are
problems or the emergence of the virus, then the actual computer will not be affected and
will remain safe.
Another goal of virtualization is to maximize the utilization of infrastructure facilities
such as a processor, network, and communication channel.

THE REASON FOR VIRTUALIZATION

Surely there are several reasons why the concept of virtualization was created and
continues to grow rapidly. Here are some of the reasons that underlie the creation of
virtualization :

COST OPTIMIZATION
With a virtual server, the number of servers that are used can be reduced, this will
affect the amount of space, power and cooling.

OPTIMIZING INFRASTRUCTURE
With virtualization we can maximize server performance, thus the result of
investment has become the maximum.

FLEXIBILITY IN MAINTANACE
With virtualization will allow administrators to perform maintenance server
infrastructure, this has an impact on the time required for maintenance.

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 FLEXIBILITY IN SERVER DOWNTIME
With hyper-v technology, the occurrence of error or down from one of the virtual
servers does not affect the other virtual servers. But for the previous technology if
the error occurred on the host os will have an impact on the guest OS on it.

TYPE OF VIRTUALIZATION
In 2005, virtualization software evolve faster than imagined, including the experts. Three
areas of it where virtualization is the most developed network virtualization, storage
virtualization and server virtualization.
Virtualization network (network virtualization) is a method of combining resources
available in the network by dividing the available bandwidth into several channels, which
are each independently from one another, and each can be assigned (or converted
suspended ) into multiple servers or devices in real time. The idea is that virtualization
hides the complexity of the network by dividing the network into parts more easily
manageable, very similar in concept to partition your hard drive for easy file
management.
Storage virtualization is a consolidation of physical storage from multiple network
storage devices into what appears to be a single storage device that is managed by a
central console storage virtualization is commonly used in storage area networks (san).
Virtualization server (server virtualization) is masking of server resources (including the
number and identity of individual physical servers, processors, and operating systems)
from server users. The aim is to prevent the user from having to understand and manage
complicated details of server resources while also allowing resource sharing to improve
resource utilization and maintain capacity for expansion.

SOFTWARE USED FOR VIRTUALIZATION

1. VMWARE
Vmware. Vmware is known as a pioneer in virtualization software. The word
itself has a VM of vmware Virtual Machine extension. At present, can vmware
desktop software runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macos X. While
enterprise software vmware ie, vmware ESX Server can be run directly on the

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 server without the need for an operating system. In general, vmware software is
categorized into three parts, namely desktop software, server software, and other
products. For the desktop software, there are three kinds, namely vmware
Workstation which was first released in 1998, which allows the installation of
multiple operating systems on x86 on the same PC. The second of desktop
software vmware Fusion vmware is developed for Macintosh computers with
Intel processors. With vmware Fusion, allowing to run Microsoft Windows,
Linux, Netware, and Solaris as virtual machines simultaneously with Mac OS.
The third desktop software from vmware is vmware Player is a freeware
virtualization software with various batasan.Untuk server software, vmware
virtualization market 3 products that cater for the server, vmware ESX, vmware
esxi and vmware Serve.

2. MICROSOFT HYPER-V
Microsoft Hyper-V or previously called Windows Server Virtualization is a
hypervisor virtualization system for x64-based. The beta version of Hyper-V is
marketed with the edition of Windows Server 2008, and the final version was
released June 26, 2008. Microsoft states that this product is an attempt from
Microsoft to provide an operating system best support virtualization technology.

3. VIRTUAL BOX
Virtual Box is a virtualization software that was originally created by the German
software company, namely Innotex. Currently, Virtual Box fully developed by
Sun xvm. The host operating system that is supported by Virtual Box is Linux,
MAC OS X, OS / 2 Warp, Windows XP or Vista, and Solaris. As for the guest
operating systems supported include dragonflybsd, freebsd, Linux, openbsd, OS/2
Warp, Windows, and Solaris. The latest version of Virtual Box can support up to
Win 7.

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HOW VIRTULIZATION WORKS
Example of virtualization, cloud computing is a computerized system based on the
network / internet, where a resource, software, information and applications available for
use by other computers that need. This concept called cloud computing or cloud
computing as the internet itself can be considered as a large cloud (usually in the scheme
of network, internet symbolized as clouds) which contains a large collection of computers
connected together, so that cloud computing can be defined as a computerized-based set
of computers connected together ,
Cloud computing can be regarded as an extension of virtualization. Companies can put an
application or system that is used on the internet, did not manage it internally. Examples
of cloud computing for the public version is owned by google services such as google
docs and google spreadsheets. The existence of both services negates the need for an
office applications for word processing and spreadsheet applications in internal company.
Examples of cloud computing for non-public purposes is the amazon ec2 (amazon elastic
compute cloud). Amazon provides a host computer, we can send and use
Virtual system and use it within a certain time and the rental fee.
With the cloud computing, virtualization technique is very important point that is because
:

1. Can increase utility or infrastructure utilization reached 100% or as much as

possible.

2. Can create immunization or security where one user can not interfere with or
damage other users because they each enveloped in one virtual machine.

3. Can provide elasticity or infinity infrastructure to every user.

4. You can create a virtual machine or virtual desktop according to the specifications
of processors, memory, hard drive, etc. Required by the user. So the user simply
use a device only to operate a virtual super computer desktop or any sophisticated

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 because all processing is done in the cloud host / server and the device it only
serves as an extension of the monitor and keyboard alone.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUALIZATION

ADVANTAGES OF USING VIRTUALIZATION :

1. INVESTMENT COST REDUCTION HARDWARE
Hardware investment can be held down because of virtualization only utilize
existing capacity. No need any additional computer equipment, servers and
pheriperal physically. If there are additions disk and memory capacity, it is
intended to support the employment stability of the host computer, which when
calculated financially, is far more efficient than the new hardware investments.

2. EASE BACKUP & RECOVERY

Servers that run inside a virtual machine can be stored in one piece image that
contains the entire system configuration. If one when the server crashes, we do
not need to install and reconfigure. Simply take a copy of the image that has been
saved, restore data from the last backup and the server to run as usual. Save time,
energy and resources.

3. EASE OF DEPLOYMENT
Virtual servers can be cloned as much as possible and can be run on other
machines by changing the bit configuration. Reducing the workload of it staff and
speed up the process of implementing a system.

4. REDUCE HEAT

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 Decreasing the number of automated devices reduces the heat of the server room /
data center. This will impact on reducing the cost of cooling / air conditioning and
ultimately reduce the cost of electricity.

5. REDUCE COSTS SPACE

The fewer number of servers mean less space for storing the device anyway. If the
server is placed in a co-location server / data center, it will impact on reducing the
cost of renting

6. EASE OF MAINTENANCE & MANAGEMENT

Number fewer servers automatically reduce the time and cost to manage. Number
fewer servers also means fewer number of servers that must be addressed

7. STANDARDIZE HARDWARE
Virtualization hardware emulation and encapsulation so that the process of
introduction and removal of a certain hardware specifications is not a problem.
The system does not need to detect the hardware as well as installation on the
system / physical computer

8. EASE REPLACEMENT
The process of replacing and upgrading the server specification easier. If the
master server is already overloaded and specifications are not sufficient, we can
easily upgrade the specifications or move a virtual machine server to another,
more powerful

DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUALIZATION :

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1. ONE CENTER PROBLEMS
virtualization could be analogous to putting all their eggs in one basket. this
means that if a host server problem, all systems inside the virtual machine can not
be used. it can be anticipated to provide backup facility automatically and
periodically or by applying the principle of failover / clustering.

2. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
virtualization requires a higher specification server to run the host server and
virtual machines in it.

3. THE CENTRE ATTACK

the placement of all the servers in a single computer will make it as the target of
the attack. if the hacker was able to penetrate into the host system, it is possible he
was able to infiltrate into the server- virtual server by using the information on the
master.