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R & D in Private Sector R & D in Private Sector
TOYOTA SAMSUNG
Known as Toyota Technical Center, USA, Inc. (TTC) Our mission is to help Samsung become a leading
The company's mission for the future is to continue to supplier of network infrastructure products.
support Toyota's reputation for excellence by Tasks in R&D:
developing automotive parts and materials that Research and develop system requirements
represent the best in quality, cost, function and timing. System architecture design
TTC in community Software and hardware design, implementation, and
Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet Uses Toyota integration testing
Prius to Save Gasoline, Tax Dollars Hybrids replace larger Standards body participation
sedans once commonly used North American customer and marketing support
Toyota Thinking Green - Toyota Motor Sales Headquarters Monitor telecommunications network and technology trend
Announces Zero Waste to Landfill Propose new products and develop new network
infrastructure technology
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Engineer Contribution in Corporate Engineer Contribution in Corporate
Sector Sector
Dianne Chong, a Boeing engineer who
manages three engineering departments
and oversees a staff of 200 while
devoting much of her free time to work in
the St. Louis community, will receive a Abdul Wahab Mohamed Khalid Head,
2002 National Asian American Corporate Engineering
Achievement Award on Friday, Oct. 18.
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Structure of Industry in Engineers Structure of Industry in Engineers
Vision Vision
What is Structure of Industry?
An industry is a group of firms that market
products which are close substitutes for each
other (e.g. the car industry, the travel industry).
Some industries are more profitable than
others. Why? The answer lies in
understanding the dynamics of competitive
structure in an industry.
The most influential analytical model for
assessing the nature of competition in an
industry is Michael Porter's Five Forces Model,
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Structure of Industry in Engineers Structure of Industry in Engineers
Vision Vision
Threat of Substitutes Bargaining Power of Suppliers
The presence of substitute products can Suppliers are the businesses that supply
lower industry attractiveness and materials & other products into the industry.
profitability because they limit price The cost of items bought from suppliers (e.g.
raw materials, components) can have a
levels. The threat of substitute products significant impact on a company's profitability.
depends on: If suppliers have high bargaining power over a
- Buyers' willingness to substitute company, then in theory the company's
- The relative price and performance of industry is less attractive. The bargaining
substitutes power of suppliers will be high when:
- The costs of switching to substitutes
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Structure of Industry in Engineers Structure of Industry in Engineers
Vision Vision
Intensity of Rivalry - Degree of differentiation - industries where products are
The intensity of rivalry between competitors in commodities (e.g. steel, coal) have greater rivalry; industries
where competitors can differentiate their products have less
an industry will depend on: rivalry
- The structure of competition - for example, rivalry - Switching costs - rivalry is reduced where buyers have high
is more intense where there are many small or switching costs - i.e. there is a significant cost associated with the
decision to buy a product from an alternative supplier
equally sized competitors; rivalry is less when an
- Strategic objectives - when competitors are pursuing aggressive
industry has a clear market leader growth strategies, rivalry is more intense. Where competitors are
- The structure of industry costs - for example, "milking" profits in a mature industry, the degree of rivalry is less
industries with high fixed costs encourage - Exit barriers - when barriers to leaving an industry are high (e.g.
competitors to fill unused capacity by price cutting the cost of closing down factories) - then competitors tend to
exhibit greater rivalry
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Breakthrough to Technology
Phase I: Imagining the future and the Challenges
challenges it will present to engineering. Economic & Societal Forces
Phase II: Considering how engineering
education should prepare for that future.
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Breakthrough to technology Challenges
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Aspirations for the Engineer of 2020 Aspirations for the Engineer of 2020
Engineerings image Engineering without boundaries
Aspirations for the Engineer of 2020 Aspirations for the Engineer of 2020
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Attributes of the engineer of 2020
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