Questions 1-201

1) BPMN stands for:

a. Business Process Model and Notation
b. Business Performance Model and Notation
c. Business Process Metrics and Notation
d. Business Performance Metrics and Notation

2) Which of the following is not true about BPMN?

a. It is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process
model
b. It serves as a common language, bridging the communication gap that frequently occurs
between business process design and implementation
c. The primary goal of BPMN is to provide a standard notation readily understandable by all
business stakeholders
d. The BPMN specification also provides a mapping between the graphics of the notation and
the underlying constructs of execution languages, particularly Business Process Execution
Language

3) Which of the following are examples of development methodologies?

a. Extreme programming
b. Pair programming
c. Slow programming
d. Continuous test driven development

4) Your organization follows a software development process that tells what to produce,
when to produce it, and how much to produce. It encourages small continuous, incremental
and evolutionary changes that stick and respects organizational roles. Which of the below
methodologies does your company follow?
a. Continuous test-driven development
b. Slow programming
c. Quick-and-dirty
d. Kanban

5) Your organization follows a software development process that promotes adaptive

planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, continuous improvement and
encourages rapid and flexible response to change. Which of the below methodologies does
your company follow?
a. Agile software development
b. Scrum pattern
c. Release early, release often
d. Spiral model

6) Your management is asking that you view problems as parts of an overall system rather
than reacting to specific parts, outcomes or events and potentially contributing to further
development of unintended consequences. They are asking you to do which of the
following?
a. Apply systems thinking
b. Use nominal group technique
c. Use critical chain project management
d. Use Event chain methodology

7) You have collected a number of ideas using brainstorming. Now, you use a voting process
to rank the most useful ideas for prioritization. Which of the below techniques are you
using?
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis

8) A technique in which ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions are

consolidated into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding, and
generate new ideas is called:
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis

9) A technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review
and analysis is:
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis

10) A technique that utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach
for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and rank
many ideas is:
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis

11) Which of the below are classification models used for stakeholder analysis?
a. Power/interest grid
b. Power/influence grid
c. Influence/impact grid
d. Salience model

12) Salience model describes classes of stakeholders based on which of the following?
a. Power, Urgency, Legitimacy
b. Power, Interest, Legitimacy
c. Power, Interest, Legality
d. Position, Interest, Legitimacy

13) In the control chart for your manufacturing process, you notice that only one data point
has exceeded the control limit. Out of the remaining 14 points, seven are well above the
mean and seven are well below the mean. This means that your process is:
a. Well within control
b. Out of control
c. Within control but needs to be closely monitored
d. Cant say with the information provided

14) Which of the below are considered quality tools?

a. Affinity diagrams
b. Process decision program charts (PDPC)
 c. Interrelationship digraphs
d. Tree diagrams

15) Which of the following is not true about Planning poker technique?
a. It is a consensus-based technique for estimating, mostly used to estimate effort or
relative size of development goals in software development
b. Members of the group make estimates by playing numbered cards face-down to the
table, instead of speaking them aloud
c. Anchoring, where the first number spoken aloud sets a precedent for subsequent
estimates
d. The winning person/team is subsequently awarded the project

16) Which of the below is true about semantic interoperability?

a. If two or more systems are capable of communicating and exchanging data, they are
exhibiting syntactic interoperability
b. It is the ability to automatically interpret the information exchanged meaningfully and
accurately in order to produce useful results as defined by the end users of both systems
c. To achieve semantic interoperability, both sides must refer to a common information
exchange reference model
d. The content of the information exchange requests are unambiguously defined: what is
sent is the same as what is understood

17) Which of the following problems does Planguage not address?

a. Requirement creep
b. Unclear requirements
c. Resource utilization
d. Error in specifications

18) Which of the below maps the journey of user with his emotions and experience and
seeks to improve customer retention?
a. User journey map
b. Behavior-driven development
c. Kano model
d. Test driven development

19) The Kano model uses which of the following customer preferences?
a. Must-be Quality, One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Indifferent Quality , Reverse
Quality
b. Must-be Quality, One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Indifferent Quality , Forward
Quality
c. Must-be Quality, Two-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Indifferent Quality , Reverse
Quality
d. Must-be Quality, One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Different Quality , Reverse
Quality

20) Which of the below are part of the Purpose-based alignment model?
a. Supplier, Differentiating, Who cares, Parity
b. Partner, Differentiating, Competitor, Parity
c. Partner, Differentiating, Who cares, Parity
d. Partner, Differentiating, Employee, Parity
21) Which of the below is true of Value stream mapping?
a. Given an initial context, when an event occurs, then some outcomes are ensured
b. It is a lean management method for analyzing the current state and designing a future state
for the series of events that take a product or service from its beginning through to the
customer
c. It is a management tool that can be used to gauge the loyalty of a firm's customer
relationships
d. It helps drive business decisions based on purpose

22) A management tool that can be used to gauge the loyalty of a firm's customer relationships
is:
a. Net Promoter
b. Value stream mapping
c. Purpose-based alignment model
d. Kano model

23) PESTLE technique is used to examine the business environment within which an
organization. PESTLE stands for which of the following?
a. Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, tactical, legal, environmental
b. Physiological, Economic, Socio-cultural, technological, legal, environmental
c. Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, technological, legal, environmental
d. Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, technological, legal, ergonomical

24) During your examination of the business environment, you have noticed that there is an
increase in the number of working mothers. Which of the below factors does this belong to
in the PESTLE technique?
a. Economic
b. Socio-cultural
c. Environmental
d. Economic

25) During your examination of the business environment, you have noticed that there is a
need to comply with SOX audit laws when reporting financial numbers. Which of the below
factors does this belong to in the PESTLE technique?
a. Economic
b. Legal
c. Environmental
d. Economic

26) During your examination of the business environment, you have noticed that there is a
need to comply with a new law that the plastic used to manufacture all baby feeding bottles
should be free of BPA. Which of the below factors does this belong to in the PESTLE
technique?
a. Economic
b. Legal
c. Environmental
d. Economic

27) Which of the below are techniques used to examine the internal capability of an
organization?
a. MOST Analysis
b. Resource Audit
c. Boston Box
d. External business environment analysis
Choose the correct answer:
i. a, b, c
ii. a, b
iii. Only a
iv. Only b

28) Porters five forces framework is used to examine the business environment. Which of the
below are the five forces in the framework?
a. Potential customers, Buyers, Substitutes, Suppliers, Industry competitors
b. Potential entrants, Legal restrictions, Substitutes, Suppliers, Industry competitors
c. Potential entrants, Buyers, Substitutes, Suppliers, Industry competitors
d. Potential entrants, Buyers, Substitutes, Suppliers, Industry regulations

29) When examining the business environment, you are digging into factors such as who the
competitors in your industry are, what the likelihood of new entrants coming into the
industry is, what are the alternatives to products offered by this company, what the
bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is. Which of the following techniques are you
using?
a. MOST Analysis
b. Porters five forces framework
c. Boston Box
d. Resource audit

30) In MOST analysis used to be used to examine the internal capability of an organization,
MOST stands for:
a. Mission, Options, Strategy, Tactics
b. Mission, Objectives, Strengths, Tactics
c. Mission, Objectives, Strategy, Technology
d. Mission, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics

31) During resource audit, you find that your organization has the technological resources
needed for the next initiative. Technology is an example of:
a. Tangible resource
b. Intangible resource
c. Human resource
d. None of the above

32) The Boston Box is used to assess an organizations products and services according to their
market shares and their market growth prospects. The four quadrants of the Boston Box
are:
a. Problem, Star, Dog, Cash cow
b. Wild cat, Star, Market share, Cash cow
c. Market growth, Star, Dog, Cash cow
d. Wild cat, Star, Dog, Cash cow

33) You are performing the SWOT analysis for your company. What does SWOT stand for?
a. Social factors, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
b. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
c. Strengths, Weaknesses, Options, Threats
d. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Technologies
34) You are considering using Ansoffs matrix to define your companys business strategy. The
2x2 matrix maps new and existing markets against new and existing products. The matrix
consists of which of the following?
a. Market preference, Market development, Product development, Diversification
b. Market penetration, Market development, Product development, Diversification
c. Market penetration, Market challenges, Product development, Diversification
d. Market penetration, Market development, Product determination, Diversification

35) Your company is planning to introduce their existing clothing maternity product line to new
countries. Which of the below (using Ansoffs matrix) is the strategy the company is using?
a. Market penetration
b. Market development
c. Product development
d. Diversification

36) Your company is planning to use extensive marketing and sales campaigns and offers to
increase sales of their existing clothing maternity product line. Which of the below (using
Ansoffs matrix) is the strategy the company is using?
a. Market penetration
b. Market development
c. Product development
d. Diversification

37) McKinsey 7-S model defines the areas of an organization that need to be in alignment if it is
to operate effectively. Which of the below are the seven Ss in the McKinsey 7-S model?
a. Structure, Simplicity, Shared values, Systems, Skills, Staff, Style
b. Structure, Strategy, Shared values, Systems, Skills, Staff, Schemes
c. Structure, Strategy, Shared values, Systems, Skills, Staff, Style
d. Structure, Strategy, Shared values, Sociology, Skills, Staff, Style

38) One of the Ss in the McKinsey 7-S model stands for Style. This can refer to culture and
management style. You notice that the managers in your organization tells the staff how to
go about doing their tasks and the staff follow. Which of the below styles does this fit in?
a. Mentoring manager/empowered staff
b. Commanding manager/instructed staff
c. Mentoring manager/instructed staff
d. Commanding manager/Empowered staff

39) You are using the Four-view model to make changes to your organization. Which of the
below key areas would you consider?
a. People, Processes, Technology, Organization
b. People, Politics, Technology, Organization
c. People, Processes, Technology, Opportunities
d. People, Processes, Threats, Organization

40) Your organization has defined Excellent customer service as a critical success factor. It has
also decided to measure the number of complaints received from customers in a quarter.
The number of complaints received is a:
a. Key measure
b. Critical success measure
c. Key performance indicator
d. Key improvement indicator
41) In a recent customer satisfaction survey, 75% of your customers have rated your
organizations customer service as excellent. This is a:
a. Key measure
b. Critical success measure
c. Key performance indicator
d. Key improvement indicator

42) When using the Balanced Business Scorecard, which of the following are key aspects of
the performance that have to be considered?
a. Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Learning and Development
b. Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Learning and Growth
c. Financial, Customer, Internal Business Principles, Learning and Growth
d. Economic, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Learning and Growth

43) You use different types of questions in the interviews you conduct with stakeholders.
Which of the following are types of questions?
a. Open, Closed, Limited choice, Link, Leading, Pointing
b. Open, Closed, Limited choice, Lagging, Leading, Probing
c. Open, Contained, Limited choice, Link, Leading, Probing
d. Open, Closed, Limited choice, Link, Leading, Probing

44) As the business analyst, you follow workers around and record what they do to obtain
an understanding of how they assemble printers. Sometimes, you also get trained on the
job as if you were an apprentice. This technique is called:
a. Shadowing
b. Impersonating
c. Following
d. Observing

45) As a business analyst, you observe workers to understand how they assemble printers.
You notice that the first few days, the workers are nervous about being observed and work
more. But after a few days of having you around, they settle down and get back to their
normal work habits. This is called which of the following?
a. Shadowing effect
b. Protocol analysis
c. Interview effect
d. Heisenberg effect

46) As a business analyst, you systematically examine data sources, usually forms, screen
layouts and reports of the existing system to analyze the data requirements of a proposed
computerized information system. Which of the following are you using?
a. Rich pictures
b. Document analysis
c. Sampling
d. Special purpose records

47) As a business analyst, you talk to different users to get their requirements and
understand their relationships with each other and the system to be revamped. You capture
your observations of the essential elements of a business issue in a pictorial form to
facilitate a more holistic understanding and analysis. Which of the following tools are you
using?
a. Rich pictures
b. Document analysis
c. Sampling
d. Special purpose records

48) Which of the below is not true of a Rich picture?

a. It is a brain dump of everything the BAs have discovered in their initial studies
b. It provides a shopping list of issues that need to be investigated further
c. The idea is to capture in pictorial form the essential elements of a business issue or
problem, to facilitate a more holistic understanding and analysis of it
d. Rich pictures were popularized in the hard systems methodology

49) You prepare a visual representation of a set of ideas, words, things, or tasks, and the
relationships between them. This is called:
a. Mind map
b. Context diagram
c. Rich picture
d. Pictogram

50) A diagrammatic representation of a proposed or existing IT system in relation to the

wider world-to the people and the other systems to which it must interface is called:
a. Mind map
b. Context diagram
c. Rich picture
d. Pictogram

51) You have used the stakeholder wheel to look for stakeholders. Which of the below is not
true about the power interest grid?
a. The stakeholders who need to be managed actively fall in the high power/high interest
grid. These are the people who need to be kept informed of each step in the project
b. High power/ low interest grid is comprised of the senior stakeholders who usually only
need to be kept satisfied that the work is travelling in the right direction
c. Stakeholders who will have to operate the new business system fall in the low
power/high interest grid
d. Low power/low interest grid consists of the stakeholders who are on the fringes of the
study. They might be external suppliers of commodity products or infrequent customers,
and as a result they exercise a great deal of influence

52) Which of the below should be captured in a stakeholder management plan?

a. Power and interest of stakeholder
b. Current attitude of stakeholder
c. Support desired from stakeholder
d. Any actions or communications

53) As a business analyst, you have classified activities as existing and satisfactory, existing
but not satisfactory, and not existing. You have come up with the as-is and to-be states-if
people need modified job roles and if a re-org is required. Which of the below have you
performed?
a. Gap analysis
b. Decision tree analysis
c. Root cause analysis
d. Fishbone analysis

54) You have come up with ARM requirements for a new system to be built. ARM stands for:
a. Accuracy, reliability, and maintainability
b. Availability, reliability, and maintainability
c. Availability, resilience, and maintainability
d. Availability, reliability, and measurability

55) You are examining the forces within and outside the organization that can contribute to
acceptance or rejection of a proposed option. Which of the below techniques are you using?
a. Force-impact analysis
b. Force-field analysis
c. Force-effect analysis
d. Force-benefit analysis

56) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of the
below is an example of tangible cost?
a. Development staff costs
b. Short-term loss of productivity
c. Reduced accommodation costs
d. Organization flexibility

57) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of the
below is an example of intangible cost?
a. User staff costs
b. Disruption
c. Staff savings
d. More creative thinking time

58) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of the
below is an example of tangible benefit?
a. User staff costs
b. Disruption
c. Staff savings
d. More creative thinking time

59) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of the
below is an example of an intangible benefit?
a. User staff costs
b. Disruption
c. Staff savings
d. More creative thinking time

60) For an upcoming report automation project, you are comparing the financial benefits
expected to flow from a proposal or project with the predicted costs, to see if it is worth
undertaking. Which of the below are methods of presenting an investment appraisal?
a. Payback analysis
b. Discounted cash flow leading to a net present value
c. Internal rate of return
d. Break high analysis
61) You have performed a business analysis study and are now documenting why the study
was done, what the principal findings were, what options were considered with their main
advantages and disadvantages, and a recommendation of what should be done. Which of
the below are you creating?
a. Feasibility report
b. Business case report
c. Impact analysis
d. Risk analysis

62) Which of the following techniques can you use in requirements elicitation?
a. Storyboarding
b. Prototyping
c. Hothousing
d. Scenarios

63) Which of the below is a technique used in requirements analysis?

a. Storyboarding
b. Prototyping
c. Hothousing
d. MoSCoW prioritization

64) When you are ensuring that requirements have been defined correctly, you are
performing which of the following?
a. Requirement verification
b. Requirement validation
c. Requirement analysis
d. Requirement structuring

65) When you are ensuring that all requirements support the delivery of value to the
business, fulfill its goals and objectives, and meet stakeholder needs, you are performing
which of the following?
a. Requirement verification
b. Requirement validation
c. Requirement analysis
d. Requirement structuring

66) Your stakeholder has informed you that he will accept the web application only if the
login functionality works as expected. This is called:
a. Fit criteria
b. Productivity measure
c. Requirement verification
d. Requirement validation

67) Requirements you gathered are undergoing verification. Which of the below techniques
can be used to carry out checks?
a. Peer group reviews
b. Walkthroughs
c. Technical reviews
d. Feasibility checking

68) Requirements you gathered are undergoing validation. Which of the below techniques
can be used to carry out checks?
a. Stakeholder sign offs
b. Inspections
c. Prototyping
d. Scenarios

69) Your colleague, a business analyst has asked you to check if the requirements he
prepared are of good quality. Which of the below are characteristics of good requirements?
a. Current
b. Modifiable
c. Traceable
d. Feasible

70) As a Business analyst you make sure that requirement changes requested by
stakeholders are handled, concerned folks informed of changes and correct version of the
requirements document is referred to always. Which of the below are you performing?
a. Requirement communication
b. Requirement verification
c. Requirement validation
d. Requirement management

71) To maintain requirements you add a version number to the requirements document.
Which of the following are techniques can you use to manage requirements?
a. Naming conventions
b. Baselining
c. Configuration identification
d. Change control

72) You are preparing the requirements traceability matrix and have found that a
requirement doesnt seem to have a business need. Which of the below is true of a
requirements traceability matrix?
a. It is bidirectional in that it tracks the requirements forwards by examining the
development of the solution deliverables and backwards by looking at the business
requirement that was specified for a particular feature of the solution
b. It is bidirectional in that it tracks the requirements backwards by examining the
development of the solution deliverables and forwards by looking at the business
requirement that was specified for a particular feature of the solution
c. It traces the deliverables by establishing a thread for each requirement, from the
projects initiation through to the final implementation
d. It is a document which helps ensure that a projects scope, requirements, and
deliverables remain consistent with each other when compared with the baseline

73) You are designing a reporting solution for your stakeholders. The use case is for the
user to login successfully into the system, access and run reports. The user using the
system in the use case is called:
a. Secondary actor
b. Primary actor
c. Primary User
d. Secondary user

74) Which of the below belong to the four cultures defined by Deal and Kennedy?
a. Rapid feedback and reward, low risk
b. Rapid feedback and reward, high risk
c. Slow feedback and reward, low risk
d. Slow feedback and reward, high risk

75) In Johnson and Scholoes cultural web, stories refer to past events and personalities
that are talked about both inside and outside the organization that affects how customers
perceive the organization. Which of the below is not a part of Johnson and Scholoes cultural
web?
a. Rituals and routines
b. Symbols, Organizational structures
 c. Power structures, Control systems
d. Practices and power

76) Your organization is going through a change. Having adopted Kurt Lewins model, which
of the below are the stages to pass through in sequence?
a. Unfreeze, Transition, Refreeze
b. Unfreeze, Transition, Freeze
c. Freeze, Transition, Refreeze
d. Freeze, Transition, Unfreeze

77) Which of the following are part of the cultures defined by Deal and Kennedy?
a. Rapid feedback and reward, low risk
b. Rapid feedback and reward, high risk
c. Slow feedback and reward, low risk
d. Slow feedback and reward, high risk

78) Which of the following are part of Johnson and Scholess cultural web?
a. Rituals and Routines
b. Stories
c. Symbols
d. Power structures

79) Your company is implementing a new web system to automate the process vendors
upload items for buyers to view. There is resistance to the change and the new tool. What
can be done to improve adoption of the new system?
a. Provide training to users on how to use the new system
b. Tell users that they can leave if they wont use the new tool
c. Encourage users to continue using the old system
d. Provide training documents and conduct office hours to answer questions on the new tool

80) Your company implemented a new web system to automate the process vendors upload
items for buyers to view. But even after the implementation, buyers still handle this process
manually with the vendors. What can be done to improve adoption of the new system?
a. Provide training to users on how to use the new system
b. Provide training documents and conduct office hours to answer questions on the new tool
c. Establish the new web system as the only way to process vendor-uploaded items
d. Encourage users to continue using the old system
81) To improve customer satisfaction, you plan to implement IT system changes. Which of the
below will enable the change?
a. Hiring IT staff
b. Creating training for support team
c. Developing IT system
d. Offer efficient customer support

82) Your company has implemented a multi-million dollar project that did not go very well.
Five years later, you are tasked with doing the benefits realization review. Which of the
following could be possible obstacles to doing the benefits realization review?
a. Lack of senior management support
b. Timing of review
c. Defects in the system
d. Organizational culture and politics

83) Your company is transitioning from the existing enterprise order management system to
a new system. Requirements that will not be needed once the migration is complete and
those that describe capabilities that the solution must have in order to facilitate movement
from the current state of the enterprise to a desired future state are called:
a. Transition requirements
b. Functional requirements
c. Solution requirements
d. Non functional requirements

84) Which of the following is not true about plan-driven approach?

a. Focus is on maximizing up-front uncertainty
b. Ensures that the solution is fully defined before implementation
c. Business analysis work occurs early in the project
d. Formal change management and formal communication are the norm

85) Which of the following is not true about change-driven approach?

a. Focus is on rapid delivery of business value in short iterations in return for acceptance of
a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the overall delivery of the solution
b. Business analysis effort conducted early to produce an initial list of high-level
requirements
c. Formal documentation is often produced before the solution is implemented to facilitate
knowledge transfer
d. There is generally no separate change management process distinct from the selection of
new requirements for a given iteration

86) Which of the below increase the complexity of business analysis efforts as they
increase?
a. Number of business systems affected
b. Amount and nature of risk
c. Uniqueness of requirements
d. Number of technical resources required

87) You are assessing stakeholder attitudes towards a new data conversion initiative. Which
of the below will you assess in the stakeholder onion diagram you prepare?

a. Influence-on project
b. Influence in the organization
c. Influence with other stakeholders
d. Complexity of stakeholder requirements

88) Which of the following is not true about dispersed stakeholder engagement and
communication?
a. All key stakeholders are located in the same local geographic area
b. The factors of distance, possible time differences and cultural and language differences
increase the complexity for business analysis
c. More effort will be needed to identify and account for cultural differences
d. More detailed requirements documentation and acceptance criteria or more frequent
review sessions might be needed

89) Which of the following is not true about work breakdown structure?
a. A WBS may break down the project into iterations, releases, or phases
b. A WBS may break deliverables into work packages
c. A WBS may break activities into smaller tasks. This decomposition of activities and tasks
creates the Activity List
d. A WBS may be created before the project is approved

90) Which of the below is true about milestones?

a. They represent significant events in the progress of a project
b. They are used to measure the progress of the project and compare actual progress to
earlier estimates
c. They can be used as a time to celebrate the completion or delivery of a major deliverable
or section of project work
d. An example of a major milestone is the stakeholders and sponsors formal approval of a
requirements document

91) Which of the below are requirement attributes?

a. Absolute reference (unique requirement id)
b. Author of the requirement
c. Complexity
d. Ownership

92) Which of the below are requirement attributes?

a. Priority
b. Risks
c. Source of the requirement
d. Stability

93) Which of the below are requirement attributes?

a. Status
b. Urgency
c. Defect id
d. Risks

94) Your company has decided to use Agile methodology for the next project. Which of the
below is true about this methodology?
a. All requirements, including new and changed requirements, are recorded in the
product backlog and prioritized
b. At the beginning of each iteration, the highest priority requirements are selected from the
backlog and estimated, and these estimates are used as input to determine whether the
requirement will be implemented in that iteration
c. At the beginning of each iteration, the highest priority requirements are selected from the
backlog and estimated, and these estimates are used as output to determine whether the
requirement will be implemented in that iteration
d. All requirements are prioritized at the beginning of the project

95) You conduct a performance review for your fellow business analyst. Which of the
following could you use to measure?
a. Deliverable due dates as specified in the business analysis plan
b. Frequency of changes to requirements
c. The number of review cycles required
d. Qualitative feedback from stakeholders

96) If a proposed requirement is not accepted by key stakeholders, the project manager
must manage the associated risk to the project:
a. By altering the project scope
b. By escalating the issue
c. By other appropriate responses
 d. By doing nothing

97) You have the below requirements for building a web application:
Requirement A-Provide the ability to authenticate the user
Requirement B-Provide the ability to post to forums
You note that for the user to post to forums, he has to first login and be authenticated.
The relation between Requirement A and Requirement B is:
a. Cover
b. Subset
c. Effort
d. Necessity

98) You have the below requirements for a web application:

Requirement A-Source data about customers
Requirement B-Source data to send emails to customers about quote expiration dates
You note that to send emails about quote expiration dates, you need customer data such as
customer name, email, etc. If Requirement A is implemented, Requirement B is easier to
implement.
The relation between Requirement A and Requirement B is:
a. Cover
b. Subset
c. Effort
d. Necessity

99) You have the below requirements for a web application:

Requirement A-Source data about customers
Requirement B-Source data about quotes
Requirement C-Source data about orders
Requirement D-Source data about invoices
Requirement E-Source data for order management
You note that if Requirements A through D are implemented, Requirement E is automatically
implemented.
The relation between Requirements A-D and Requirement E is:
a. Cover
b. Subset
c. Effort
d. Necessity

100) The different types of requirement relationships are:

a. Necessity
b. Effort
c. Subset
d. Cover
101) During the requirements development process, you collected notes and created diagrams.
This collection of notes and diagrams is called:
a. Work model
b. Work product
c. Presentation
d. Formal documentation

102) You are preparing a requirements package for formal review and approval by
stakeholders. What other purposes does a requirements package serve?
a. Provide inputs to solution design
b. For conformance to contractual and regulatory obligations
c. For maintenance for re-use
d. For early assessment of quality and planning

103) You organization is trying to find possible solutions to implement an order entry
system and is seeking information to evaluate possible options. Which of the below would
be used to capture the requirements?
a. Business proposal document
b. Request for Information (RFI)
c. Request for Proposal (RFP)
d. Request for Quote (RFQ)

104) You organization is trying to find vendors to implement an order entry system. The
solution option has been decided. Which of the below would be used to capture the
requirements?
a. Business proposal document
b. Request for Information (RFI)
c. Request for Proposal (RFP)
d. Request for Presentation

105) Your companys competitors have achieved significant revenue growth by automating
their customer management process. Your company now has a business need to match up
to the competition. This business need has been generated by which of the following?
a. The need to achieve a strategic goal
b. A problem with the current state of a process
c. Additional information to make sound decisions and perform additional functions to meet
business objectives
d. From external drivers

106) Business objectives should be SMART. SMART stands for:

a. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bounded
b. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Resilient, Time-bounded
c. Specific, Measurable, Aggressive, Relevant, Time-bounded
d. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Testable

107) You have spent time discussing various alternatives to a problem. Which of the below
can be used to determine when enough alternatives have been investigated:
a. At least one of the alternative approaches is acceptable to key stakeholders
b. At least some of the approaches are distinctly different from one another
c. The effort to investigate alternatives is producing diminishing returns
d. When you feel you have done enough

108) You are performing a preliminary analysis of solution alternatives to determine

whether and how each option can provide an expected business benefit to meet the
business need. This is called:
a. Solution scoping
b. Requirement gathering
c. Feasibility study
d. Alternative analysis

109) Your organization is planning to computerize all medical records. The costs to be
considered are:
a. Costs of developing and implementing the change
b. Costs related to changing the work and practices of the organization
c. Total cost of ownership to support the new solution
d. Capital expenditures for the new investment

110) You reviewed your fellow BAs business requirements document and found that it was
too complex to understand as the assumption was that the reader would have the domain
knowledge. You provided feedback that this assumption should not be made when writing
requirements.
What are other guidelines that should be followed when writing requirements?
a. Express multiple requirements at a time
b. Avoid complex conditional clauses
c. Use terminology that is consistent
d. Use terminology familiar to the stakeholders who must review or use the requirement

111) Which of the below are characteristics of good requirements?

a. Cohesive
b. Complete
c. Consistent
d. Correct

112) Which of the below are characteristics of good requirements?

a. Feasible
b. Modifiable
c. Unambiguous
d. Testable

113) You are evaluating the effect a new reporting solution will have on your organization
and whether the organization is prepared for the organizational change that the solution
implementation will cause. Which of the following are you performing?
a. Organizational readiness assessment
b. Business process assessment
c. Political assessment
d. Organizational change assessment

114) Force field analysis involves identifying the forces that support and oppose a change,
depicting them on opposite sides of a line, and then estimating the strength of each force in
order to assess which set of forces are stronger. Once this analysis is complete, the next
step is to look for ways to strengthen the forces that support the desired outcome or
generate new forces.
You have completed force field analysis for a project and have determined that the opposing
forces are stronger.
Stakeholder A supports your project-the strength of this force is 4.
Stakeholder B opposes your project-which of the following is true about the strength of this
force?

a. Its strength is greater than 4

b. Its strength is equal to 4
c. Its strength is lesser than 4
d. Its strength cannot be determined with the information provided

115) A project to build a new reporting solution for your organization has been initiated.
There is no current reporting system used. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Transition requirements do not need to be analyzed when theres no existing solution
b. Transition requirements need to be analyzed when theres no existing solution
c. Transition requirements remain relevant only during the transition period between
solutions
d. Transition requirements cease to be relevant once the existing solution is eliminated

116) During quality assurance, a defect has been found in the solution. Your development
team has told you that the defect cannot be resolved because the cause cannot be
identified. Which of the below are options you can investigate as a business analyst? Choose
the best answer.
a. Including additional quality control checks
b. New manual processes
c. Removal of support for certain exception cases
d. All of the above

117) You have implemented a reporting solution with key reports for your sales users. You
measure usage statistics to see who is using the reports, how often are reports used and
the time spent on each report. This activity is called:
a. Feasibility assessment
b. Transition readiness
c. Solution design
d. Post-implementation assessment

118) Which of the below are key business analyst competencies?

a. Critical thinking
b. Successful decision making
c. Problem solving
d. Systems thinking

119) In the context of systems theory, the term system includes which of the following?
a. People involved
b. Interactions between the people
c. External forces affecting their behavior
d. Other relevant elements and factors

120) Which of the below are interaction skills that are useful for a business analyst to
have?
a. Facilitation
b. Negotiation
c. Leadership
d. Team work
121) A structured process which captures the key characteristics of an industry to predict
the long-term profitability prospects and to determine the practices of the most significant
competitors is called:
a. Organizational analysis
b. Competitive Analysis
c. Systems analysis
d. Solutions design

122) An analysis model that specifies complex business rules or logic concisely in an easy-
to-read tabular format, specifying all of the possible conditions and actions that need to be
accounted for in business rules is called:
a. Operative rules
b. Decision Tables
c. Solution model
d. Alternative assessment model

123) Which of the below does Enterprise Architecture comprise of?

a. Organizations business processes
b. IT software and hardware
c. People
d. Operations and projects

124) You prepare a set of user stories, requirements and features. These have been
identified as candidates for potential implementation, prioritized, and estimated. This is
called:
a. Product backlog
b. Use cases
c. Business requirements
d. Functional requirements

125) Which of the below does benchmarking require of the business analyst?
a. Identify the area to be studied and identify organizations that are leaders in the sector
b. Conduct a survey of selected organizations to understand their practices
c. Arrange for visits to best-in-class organizations
d. Develop a project proposal to implement the best practices

126) Which of the below are commonly used financial valuation techniques?
a. Discounted Cash Flow
b. Net Present Value
c. Internal Rate of Return
d. Average Rate of Return

127) Which of the below are commonly used financial valuation techniques?
a. Internal Rate of Return
b. Average Rate of Return
c. Pay Back Period
d. Cost-Benefit Analysis

128) You are in the requirements gathering phase. You have been told that the stakeholder
will not be available for the duration of the elicitation process. Which of the below can you
refer to for collecting requirements?
a. Existing guidelines, procedures, training guides
b. Competing product literature, published comparative product reviews
c. Problem reports, customer suggestion logs
d. Existing system specifications

129) You are in the requirements gathering phase. You have been told that the stakeholder
is no longer with the company. Which of the below can you refer to for collecting
requirements?
a. Market studies
b. Contracts
c. Requests for proposal
d. Statements of work

130) Which of the following is not true about analogous cost estimating?
a. It is a gross value estimating approach
b. It is used to estimate a value when there is a limited amount of detailed information
about the project
c. It uses historical information and expert judgment
d. It relies on the actual cost of the current project as the basis to estimate previous, similar
projects

131) You conduct a focus group to elicit ideas and attitudes about a specific product. Which
of the following is not true of a focus group?
a. The participants share their impressions, preferences and needs, guided by a moderator
b. It is less structured than brainstorming
c. Individuals with similar characteristics in the focus group may mean that differing
perspectives will not be shared
d. Individuals with diverse backgrounds and/or perspectives may mean that individuals
may self-censor if not comfortable with others backgrounds or opinions, resulting in a lower
quality of data collected

132) Which of the below is not true of lessons learned process?

a. The purpose of lessons learned sessions is to identify blame to a specific person or team
b. Lessons learned sessions may take place in formal, facilitated meetings with set agendas
and meeting roles, formal or informal working sessions, or informal get-togethers
c. Lessons learned sessions may or may not include a celebration
d. Lessons learned sessions are a waste of time and serve no purpose

133) Your organization wants to measure how satisfied the customers are. But there is no
survey of client satisfaction. Instead, the organization has decided to use the proportion of
all contracts renewed as an indicator. The proportion of all contracts renewed is called:
a. Proxy
b. Target
c. Measure
d. Indicator

134) Which of the below are non-functional requirement categories?

a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security

135) The reporting system shall provide 90% of responses in no more than 2 seconds.
This is a non-functional requirement belonging to which of the below categories?
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security

136) The reporting system shall be up 99.99% of time. This is a non-functional

requirement belonging to which of the below categories?
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security

137) Ninety percent of operators shall be able to use all the functionality of the system
after no more than six hours of training. This is a non-functional requirement belonging to
which of the below categories?
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security

138) Which of the below are process improvement methods?

a. Value stream mapping
b. Statistical analysis and control
c. Process simulation
d. Benchmarking

139) You would like to change processes to improve them. Which of the below can you do?
a. Analysis of a process to identify and remove activities that do not add value to a
stakeholder, where possible
b. Reduction of the time required to complete a process (by reducing the time to perform a
task or the wait time between tasks)
c. Improving interfaces or handoffs between roles and organizational units to remove errors
d. Reduction or elimination of bottlenecks and backlogs

140) Your organization knows there is a risk in implementing a solution as a response to a

competitors action. It still wants to proceed. Your organization is:
a. Risk averse
b. Risk neutral
c. Risk seeking
d. None of the above
141) Which of the below are part of the seven basic quality tools (7QC)?
A. Fishbone diagrams
B. Flowcharts
C. Pareto diagrams
D. Checklists

1.A
2. A, B
3. A, B, C
4. A, B, C, D

142) A state diagram is also known as:

a. State Machine Diagram
b. State Transition Diagram
c. Entity Life Cycle Diagram
d. SWOT diagram

143) Which of the below is not true of a state diagram?

a. It shows how the behavior of a concept, entity or object changes in response to events
b. It specifies a sequence of states that an object goes through during its lifetime, and
defines which events cause a transition between those states
c. It shows strengths and weaknesses of the process
d. It is used to model the logic of usage scenarios, by showing the information passed
between objects in the system through the execution
of the scenario

144) You are assessing a vendor based on his knowledge and expertise. Which of the below
can you also use?
a. Product Reputation and Market Position
b. Terms and conditions
c. Vendor Experience and Reputation
d. Vendor Stability

145) Which of the below can lead to poor software cost estimation?
a. Frequent requirements changes
b. Missing requirements
c. Insufficient communication with users
d. Insufficient requirements analysis

146) You have learnt that some of the assumptions you made in the project are wrong.
Which of the below can you do to achieve the objectives?
a. Change scope
b. Adjust the schedule
c. Launch other projects
d. Proceed with the initial assumptions

147) Which of the following is not true?

a. When resolving conflicts between requirements from different user classes or making
priority decisions, favored user classes receive preferential treatment
b. Disfavored user classes are groups who arent supposed to use the product for legal,
security, or safety reasons
c. You might build in features to deliberately make it hard for disfavored users to do things
they arent supposed to do
d. Favored user classes and disfavored user classes should be treated the same when
resolving conflicts between requirements from them

148) Which of the following is true about product champions?

a. They are a few key members of the user community that provide the requirements for
the project
b. Each product champion serves as the primary interface between members of a single
user class and the projects business analyst
c. Ideally, the champions will be actual users, not surrogates such as funding sponsors,
marketing staff, user managers, or software developers imagining themselves to be users
d. Product champions gather requirements from other members of the user classes they
represent and reconcile inconsistencies

149) Planguage uses which of the following?

a. Tag
b. Ambition
c. Stretch
d. Wish

150) Which of the below is not true about requirement prioritization?

a. If you go through a prioritization process and all of the requirements come out with about
the same priority, you really havent prioritized them at all
b. The highest priority requirements are those that provide the largest fraction of the total
product value at the smallest fraction of the total cost
c. The prioritization can include considerations of customer value, business value, business
or technical risk, cost, difficulty implementation, time to market, regulatory or policy
compliance, competitive marketplace advantage, and contractual commitments
d. Decibel prioritization and Threat prioritization are best practices

151) You have dissatisfied customers who reject the product and provide bad reviews.
Which of the below could be possible root causes?
a. Inadequate user involvement in requirements development
b. Unrealistic customer expectations
c. Mismatch between customers and developers perception of specific requirements
d. Poor problem definition

152) You have dissatisfied customers who reject the product and provide bad reviews.
Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a. Build prototypes and have users evaluate them.
b. Have customer representatives review requirements.
c. Convene focus groups
d. Use collaborative requirements elicitation approaches

153) In your organization, requirements processes and document templates are inconsistent
across projects. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a. Adopt one or more standard templates for requirements deliverables
b. Provide guidance to help project teams tailor the standard templates as appropriate
c. Collect and share good examples of templates and actual requirements documents in a
shared repository
d. Consider whether the templates are too complex for all projects; simplify them if you can

154) People performing the BA role dont know how to do it well. Which of the below could
be possible solutions?
a. Train prospective BAs in both requirements engineering and associated soft skills
b. Write a job description and a skills list for your BAs
c. Set up a mentoring program for new BAs
d. Develop a professional BA career path in the organization

155) The product you have developed doesnt achieve business objectives. Which of the
below could be possible solutions?
a. Develop business requirements with key stakeholders
b. Understand which success metrics are important to the projects business stakeholders
c. Communicate business objectives to other stakeholders to achieve alignment
d. Convene focus groups

156) The requirements for your project are incomplete and insufficiently detailed.
Construction begins before the requirements for a development iteration or enhancement
cycle are sufficiently understood. Which of the below are possible root causes?
a. Inadequate user involvement in requirements development
b. Insufficient time spent on requirements development
c. Release date set before requirements are understood
d. Key marketing or business stakeholders are not engaged in the requirements process

157) More requirements are planned than can be implemented with available time and
resources. Which of the below are possible root causes?
a. Schedule is set before requirements are defined
b. Project is committed to before scope is accurately assessed
c. Insufficient staff is allocated to project
d. Stakeholders are afraid they will have only one release opportunity
158) Scope is undocumented or poorly defined and releases are poorly planned. Which of
the below are possible root causes?
a. Haste to begin construction
b. Lack of understanding of the importance of scope definition
c. Lack of agreement on scope among stakeholders
d. Volatile market or rapidly changing business needs

159) Scope is undocumented or poorly defined and releases are poorly planned. Which are
the possible solutions?
a. Dont begin a project without clear business objectives
b. Write a vision and scope document and obtain buy-in from key stakeholders
c. Postpone or cancel the project if sponsorship and scope definition are not achieved
d. Use shorter development iterations to adapt to rapidly changing requirements

160) Requirements questions and issues are not resolved for your project. Which are
possible root causes?
a. Lack of coordination of questions and issues that arise about requirements
b. Responsibilities for resolving issues are not clear
c. No one is responsible for tracking issues and their status
d. Team is unable to obtain necessary information from a vendor, client, contractor, or other
stakeholder
161) Requirements questions and issues are not resolved for your project. Which of the
below are possible solutions?
a. Assign each open issue to an individual for resolution
b. Use an issue-tracking tool for tracking requirements issues to closure
c. Monitor open issues as part of project tracking
d. Obtain commitment from all stakeholders early on for open and timely information
exchange and for answering questions and resolving issues

162) Your project participants dont share the same vocabulary. Which of the below are
possible solutions?
a. Define terms in a glossary.
b. Define data structures and elements in a data dictionary.
c. Train development team in the business domain.
d. Train user representatives in requirements engineering

163) You notice that there is ambiguity in how different users understand the requirements.
Which of the below can help clear ambiguities in requirements?
a. Writing tests against the requirements
b. Building prototypes
c. Collaborative elicitation
d. Collaborative validation

164) You have prepared a set of requirements that has been reviewed and agreed upon and
serves as the basis for further development. This is called:
a. Requirement baseline
b. Initial scope
c. Preliminary requirements
d. Project scope

165) You have decided to implement a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system. You want to
develop additional functionality with custom code to enhance the packages capabilities to
close needs gaps. Which of the below is the type of COTS implementation you are
implementing?
a. Out-of-the-box
b. Configured
c. Integrated
d. Extended

166) Requirements management tools are underutilized in your organization. Which of the
below could be root causes?
a. Inadequate training in tool capabilities
b. Processes and culture havent been modified to take full advantage of tools
c. No one is responsible for leading the use of the tool
d. Amount of time needed to configure, learn how to use, and employ the tool is
underestimated

167) More requirements are planned than can be implemented with available time and
resources. Which of the below are possible solutions?
a. Prioritize requirements based on business objectives
b. Plan for multiple delivery cycles to accommodate lower-priority requirements
c. Document vision and scope, aligned with business objectives, before making
commitments
d. Timebox the development or deliver product features incrementally

168) The team cant get customer representatives to participate in elicitation. Which of the
below could be root causes?
a. Customer representatives dont have time to participate in requirements development
b. Customers dont understand the need to participate
c. Customers dont know what BAs need from them
d. Customers arent committed to the project

169) The team cant get customer representatives to participate in elicitation. Which of the
below could be possible solutions?
a. Educate customers and managers about requirements and the need for their participation
b. Describe the risks from insufficient user involvement to customers and managers
c. Identify a product champion for each user class
d. Obtain customer management commitment to an effective requirements process

170) Wrong user representatives are involved in requirement elicitation. Which of the below
could be possible solutions?
a. Define user classes
b. Identify and empower appropriate and effective product champions
c. Develop user personas as stand-ins for real users
d. Decline requirement requests from unauthorized or inappropriate sources

171) Users are unsure about their needs. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a. Compile a list of generic questions as a starting point for elicitation activities
b. Develop use cases or user stories
c. Build prototypes and have users evaluate them
d. Use incremental development to clarify requirements a bit at a time

172) Users are unsure about their needs. Which of the below could be root causes?
a. Users dont understand or cant describe their business process well
b. System is being built to support a new, incompletely defined business process
c. Users arent committed to the project, perhaps are threatened by it
d. Business objectives are not well defined or communicated

173) Too many people are involved in requirements elicitation. Which of the below could be
root causes?
a. Everyone wants to be represented for political reasons
b. User classes arent clearly defined
c. Lack of delegation to specific user representatives
d. There really are a lot of different user classes

174) Too many people are involved in requirements elicitation. Which of the below could be
possible solutions?
a. Define user classes
b. Identify product champions or product owners
c. Identify requirements decision makers
d. Focus on the needs of favored user classes

175) Implemented requirements dont meet user needs. Which of the below could be
possible solutions?
a. Ask why several times to understand the real user needs behind the presented
requirements and the rationale behind design constraints.
b. Understand user requirements before addressing user interface specifics.
c. Develop skilled BAs who can ask the right questions and elicit true needs.
d. Educate customers about requirements development.

176) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be root causes?
a. Users dont know what they need
b. BA didnt ask the right questions
c. Insufficient time was provided for elicitation
d. Some user classes arent represented

177) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be root causes?
a. Appropriate, knowledgeable user representatives did not participate in elicitation
b. Elicitation participants make incorrect assumptions
c. Insufficient communication between developers and customers
d. Users dont express their implicit and assumed requirements

178) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a. Develop skilled BAs who can ask the right questions
b. Elicit use cases or user stories
c. Use multiple elicitation techniques
d. Represent requirements in multiple ways, emphasizing visual models, to look for gaps

179) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a. Conduct requirements reviews. Use multiple, incremental reviews
b. Build prototypes and have users evaluate them
c. Build the product incrementally and incorporate new requirements in later iterations
d. Create and use a requirements traceability matrix to find missing requirements

180) Requirements specified are incorrect or inappropriate. Which of the below could be
possible solutions?
a. Determine what was wrong with the flawed requirements and why they were specified
b. Define user classes
c. Identify appropriate product champions, educate them, and empower them
d. Have a multifunctional team review requirements
181) Requirements specified are incorrect or inappropriate. Which of the below could be
root causes?
a. The wrong user representatives or inappropriate surrogates are involved
b. User representatives speak for themselves, not for those they represent
c. Managers do not provide access to user representatives
d. Business requirements are not clearly established

182) All requirements seem to be equally important. Which of the below could be root
causes?
a. Fear that low-priority requirements will never be implemented.
b. Insufficient or evolving knowledge about the business and its needs.
c. The product isnt usable unless a large, critical set of functionality is implemented.
d. Unreasonable customer or developer expectations

183) There are conflicting requirements priorities among stakeholders. Which of the below
could be root causes?
a. Different user classes have conflicting needs
b. Lack of focus on the original product vision, or the vision evolves during the project
c. Unclear business objectives, or lack of agreement on business objectives
d. Changing business objectives

184) There are conflicting requirements priorities among stakeholders. Which of the below
could be possible solutions?
a. Perform sufficient market research
b. Establish and communicate business objectives
c. Base priorities on vision, scope, and business objectives
d. Identify favored user classes or market segments

185) Rapid descoping late in the project could be resolved by:

a. Define priorities early on.
b. Use priorities to guide decisions about what to work on now and what to defer.
c. Reprioritize when new requirements are incorporated.
d. Adjust scope periodically, not just late in the project

186) Developers find requirements vague and ambiguous. They have to track down missing
information and they misunderstand requirements and have to rework their
implementations. This can possibly be avoided by:
a. Train BAs in writing good requirements.
b. Avoid using subjective, ambiguous words in requirements specifications.
c. Have developers and customers review requirements early for clarity and appropriate
detail.
d. Model requirements to find missing information and enhance details.

187) Developers find requirements vague and ambiguous. They have to track down missing
information and they misunderstand requirements and have to rework their
implementations. This can possibly be avoided by:
a. Build prototypes and have users evaluate them.
b. Refine requirements in progressive levels of detail.
c. Document business rules.
d. Define terms in a glossary
188) Requirements contain TBDs, information gaps, and open issues. This can possibly be
resolved by:
a. Review requirements to identify information gaps.
b. Assign responsibility for resolving each TBD or open issue to an individual.
c. Prioritize TBDs to be resolved if time is tight.
d. Track each TBD or open issue to closure before baselining a set of requirements.

189) Stakeholders assume that functionality in the existing system will be replicated in a
new system. This can possibly be avoided by:
a. Reverse engineer the existing system to understand its full capabilities.
b. Write a requirements specification that includes all the desired functionality for the new
system.
c. Build as-is and to-be process models so that stakeholders are clear on what the future
system will and wont do
d. Dont replicate old functionality that might not be needed

190) Product doesnt achieve business objectives or meet user expectations. This can
possibly be avoided by:
a. Perform market research to understand market segments and their needs.
b. Engage product champions representing each user class throughout the duration of the
project.
c. Have customers participate in requirements reviews.
d. Have users write acceptance tests and acceptance criteria.

191) Product does not achieve performance goals or satisfy other quality expectations that
users have. The possible root causes are:
a. Quality attribute requirements were not elicited and specified.
b. Stakeholders dont understand nonfunctional requirements and their importance.
c. The requirements template or tool being used doesnt have sections for nonfunctional
requirements.
d. Users dont state their assumptions about the systems quality characteristics

192) Product does not achieve performance goals or satisfy other quality expectations that
users have. The possible solutions are:
a. Educate BAs and customers about nonfunctional requirements and how to specify them.
b. Have BAs explore nonfunctional requirements during elicitation.
c. Use an SRS template that includes sections for nonfunctional requirements.
d. Use Planguage to specify quality attributes precisely.

193) Some planned requirements were not implemented. The possible root causes could be:
a. Individual requirements were not discretely identified and labeled
b. Requirements were inadvertently overlooked during implementation.
c. Responsibilities for implementing requirements were not assigned.
d. The status of individual requirements was not tracked accurately

194) Some planned requirements were not implemented. The possible solutions could be:
a. Keep requirements current and make them available to the whole team.
b. Make sure the change control process includes communication to stakeholders.
c. Store requirements in a requirements management tool.
d. Track the status of individual requirements

195) Requirements move in and out of scope. The possible solutions could be:
a. Clearly define the business objectives, vision, and scope.
b. Use the scope statement to decide whether proposed requirements are in or out of scope.
c. Record the rationale for rejecting a proposed requirement.
d. Ensure that the change control board has the appropriate members and a shared
understanding of project scope.

196) Requirements move in and out of scope. The possible root causes are:
a. Vision and scope are not clearly defined.
b. Business objectives are not clearly understood and communicated.
c. Scope is volatile, perhaps in response to changing market demands.
d. Requirements priorities are poorly defined.

197) People dont know the scope or understand scope changes. The possible root causes
are:
a. Requirements changes arent communicated to all affected stakeholders.
b. Requirements specifications arent updated when requirements change.
c. Customers request changes directly from developers.
d. Not everyone has ready access to the requirements documentation.

198) People dont know the scope or understand scope changes. The possible solutions are:
a. Define an owner for each requirement.
b. Define trace links between requirements and other artifacts.
c. Include all affected areas in requirements communications.
d. Establish a change control process that includes the communication mechanisms.

199) Requirements changes take much more effort than planned. The possible root causes
are:
a. Insufficient impact analysis of proposed requirements changes.
b. Developers underestimate the impact of requirements changes.
c. Team members are afraid to be honest about the impact of proposed changes.
d. Change requests do not provide enough information to permit good impact analysis.

200) Stakeholders bypass the change control process and customers request changes
directly from developers. Possible root causes are:
a. Change control process isnt practical and effective.
b. Change control board is ineffective.
c. Stakeholders dont understand or accept the change control process.
d. Management doesnt require that the change control process be followed

201) Stakeholders bypass the change control process and customers request changes
directly from developers. Possible solutions are:
a. Ensure that the change control process is pragmatic, effective, efficient, and accessible to
all stakeholders.
b. Make the change control process flexible in how it handles small versus large changes.
c. Establish and charter an appropriate change control board.
d. Enlist management to commit to and champion the change control process

Answer Key 1-201

1a

2 None of the above

3 All of the above

4d

5a

6a

7a

8b

9c

10 d

11 All of the above

12 a

13 b

14 All of the above

15 d

16 All of the above

17 c

18 a

19 a

20 c

21 b

22 a

23 c

24 b

25 b

26 b

27 i

28 c

29 b

30 d
31 b

32 d

33 b

34 b

35 b

36 a

37 c

38 b

39 a

40 c

41 c

42 b

43 d

44 a

45 d

46 b

47 a

48 d

49 a

50 b

51 d

52 All of the above

53 a

54 b

55 b

56 a
57 b

58 c

59 d

60 a, b, c

61 b

62 a, b, c, d

63 d

64 a

65 b

66 a

67 All of the above

68 All of the above

69 All of the above

70 d

71 All of the above

72 a, c, d

73 b

74 All of the above

75 d

76 b

77 All of the above

78 All of the above

79 a, d

80 a, b, c

81 a, b, c

82 a, b, d

83 a
84 a

85 c

86 All of the above

87 a, b, c

88 a

89 d

90 All of the above

91 All of the above

92 All of the above

93 a, b, d

94 a, b

95 All of the above

96 a, b, c

97 d

98 c

99 a

100 All of the above

101 b

102 All of the above

103 b

104 c

105 d

106 a,d

107 a, b, c

108 c

109 All of the above

110 b, c, d

111 All of the above

112 All of the above

113 a

114 a

115 b

116 d

117 d

118 All of the above

119 All of the above

120 All of the above

121 b

122 b

123 All of the above

124 a

125 All of the above

126 All of the above

127 All of the above

128 All of the above

129 All of the above

130 a

131 b

132 a, d

133 a

134 All of the above

135 b

136 a
137 c

138 All of the above

139 All of the above

140 c

141 All of the above

142 a, b, c

143 c, d

144 All of the above

145 All of the above

146 a, b, c

147 d

148 All of the above

149 All of the above

150 d

151 All of the above

152 All of the above

153 All of the above

154 All of the above

155 All of the above

156 All of the above

157 All of the above

158 All of the above

159 All of the above

160 All of the above

161 All of the above

162 All of the above

163 All of the above

164 a

165 d

166-201 All of the above