Introduction to Metering & allocation

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Summary

Scope
Stakes
Metering activity & operations
Company rules
Agreements
Regulations
Standardisation

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Scope of metering & allocation

Measurement / determination of all fluid quantity / flowrates

Measurement / determination of quality & composition of

production fluids

Methods and procedure to attribute products / fluids to different

owners / fields / wells
production allocation
sales allocation

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Stakes = why we need to measure / calculate quantity

Reservoir monitoring
Reservoir & well
Revenues & taxes
Sales / transportation
Fiscalisation / Royalties
Allocation
Operation efficiency
Production, losses & shortfall follow up
Consumptions: activation fluids, fuel gas
Oil, gas & water Balances
Additives & chemicals: glycol, mthanol
Productivity & Flow assurance
Environment preservation
Disposals, flaring

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Financial risks

Very high financial risks risks > Millions of $

OIL Financial risk

transfer point bbl/d $/bbl Error per day per year
sales oil terminal / pipeline 150000 20 0,20 6000 2160000
allocated oil prod.facilities / pipeline 150000 20 2,25 67500 24300000
non operated oil

GAS Mm3/d MMcft/d $/Mcft

Sales gas transfer point 10 283 4 0,50 5660 2037600
Allocated gas prod.facilities / pipeline 10 283 4 2,00 22640 8150400
wells

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Metering activity

Metering & data management is an operational multi tasks activity

involving different players

Metering chain is an overall process from sensors/meters to final

official data

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Metering Process

Measurements
Fluid

Official data

Data processing

Customers

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Metering activities

Metering system specification

Metering systems operation & maintenance
fluid follow up for parameter configuration
meters
samplers
analysers
flow computers
DCS systems
Production data processing
Production data validation & reporting
Compliance with agreements, regulations & standards
Measurement & data quality
Calibration & checks
Back up / Mismeasurements / Errors
Reporting

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Metering activity involves different players

Internal
Operations (site & offices), maintenance, production engineering
material balance, well performance
Reservoir
Joint ventures
Sales
Finance & audits

External
States, authorities, national company, partners, buyers, carrier
contractors, service company

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 Rules & Constraints

Company rules

Agreements

Regulations

Standards

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 Applicable Company rules

CR EXP 002 Technical metering

CR EXP xxx Fiscal metering - in preparation

CR EXP 100 Production indicators

CR FPL 320 Well performance

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Oil & gas agreements

National State: PSA

Transportation
Processing & handling
Buy back
Lifting agreements
Sales

To calculate quantity & quality, all agreement do have

measurement & metering clauses / chapters
quality measurement clauses
allocation clauses

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Transportation agreement

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Transportation agreement clauses

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Processing agreement

Main parts

Input specification
Output specification
Quantity and quality measurements
Allocation procedures - shrinkage - loss allowance
Fuel gas
Back up measurements
Process characteristics

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Sales gas agreement

Example

Quantity minimum / maximum

Quality specification
Quantity measurements: principles & accuracy
Energy calculation
Standards
Quality measurements
Calibration

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 GAS SUPPLY AGREEMENT (GSA)

between

NLNG (Buyers)

and

NNPC/ELF JV (Sellers)

BASIC TERM: 20 CONTRACT YEARS

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Example of Delivery specifications = Quantity

Gas quantities

TCQ: 45.98 MMSm3

ACQ: 1.90 - 2.29 MMSm3
DCQ: nominal 6.21 MSm3/day
minimum 3.11 MSm3/day
maximum 7.15 MSm3/day

Temperature 20 - 40C
Pressure 90 - 95 bar g

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Example of Gas specification

Components Range (mole %) Impurity Limits

Methane b/w 82.5 & 87.1 Sulphur 87.1 mg/m3
Ethane 5.9 & 6.7 H2S 6.7 mg/m3
Propane 2.2 & 4.7 Oxygen 4.7 ppm
Butane 0.7 & 2.3 Mercury 1.0 g/m3
Pentane + 0.3 & 1.0
Nitrogen 0.3 max.
CO2 3.8 max.
GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE
41.4 MJ/Sm3 < GHV < 44.2 MJ/Sm3
WATER DEW POINT
< 5C at 95 bar g
Liquid content < traces

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Example of quantity measurements requirements

General objectives
1% accuracy on Mass flowrate
0.4% accuracy on GCV
EPNL to install, operate & maintain
MAX. flow rate: 320,000 Sm3/hr (7.68 Mm3/day)
Normal flow rate: 256,000 Sm3/hr (6.144 Mm3/day)
Line conditions: 91 Bar a - 50C
Measurements
Orifices
No. of meter runs: 1
On line gas chromatography (OGC)
On line densitometer
Dew point analyzer
Impurities measurements Mercury ...

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Regulations

Regulations shall be applied

In some cases, operators & regulatory bodies can cooperate and agree
on some equitable way to measure quantity: marginal fields in UK - 5%
accuracy is acceptable instead of 1%

Regulatory bodies
DRIR France
DPR Nigeria
NPD Norvge
DTI UK
MMS USA
...

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Standards

ISO (Oil & gas) = International

API - MPMS (Oil)

ASTM

AGA (gas)

BSI - IP

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