Digestive System (03.

17)

Part 01
We eat to
Obtain the energy we need to stay alive
Get the raw materials required for building all of our tissues
Digestive Steps
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Breakdown
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
Enzymes
Proteins that living things use as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions
They break down the large molecules in your food
Biological Molecules
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Monomers
Sugars
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Alimentary Canal
Gastrointestinal tract
Pharynx
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Mouth
Esophagus
 Anus
Columnar epithelial cells (secrete all sorts of stuff as well as absorb and process
various nutrients)
Stomach
Secretes mucus which protects cells from being digested by your own
digestive enzymes
Mucosal Layer
Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae
Submucosal Layer (surrounds mucosal layer)
Loose areolar connective tissue
Muscularis Externa Layer
Muscles responsible for moving the food through your tubes
Accessory digestive organs
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
All these help by secreting enzymes to break down food
Both Mechanical and Chemical Digestion start in the mouth
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Part 02
Beaumont kept a guy name St. Martins stomach wound open so her could study
it
He learned that the stomachs strong acids and muscular contractions
break down food
Some foods are more/ less digestible than others
Brain can affect the stomach
Beaumonts findings revolutionized the field of physiology
Oral / Buccal Cavity
Digestion starts
Chewing and break down
Top of mouth - squamous tissue
 Anterior hard Palate
Flexible posterior soft palate
Uvula
Parotid Gland
Sublingual Gland
Submandibular Gland
Stomach
Stretchiest part of digestive system
Can hold 3 to 4 liters of material
Layered with:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa
Enteroendocrine Cells release Serotonin, Histamine which regulate the lining
Tell other cells to release more acid or hold it
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