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[..-
PRACTICEYOUR GRAMMAR 2

compiledand editedby

ipek f,kmekqi & QigdemOnat

Ankara2003

Middle EastTechnicaltlniversity
Departmentof BasicEnglish
 CONTENTS

1. GRAMMAR (p.1)

2. VOCABULARY (p. 71)

3. CLOZE TEST (p. 97)

4. ANSWER KEY (p. 115)

GRAMMAR
A.
t.
Complete the following sentenceswith a suitable verb in either the present simple or
present continuous tense.Put the words in the brackets in the correct place.
Jason and Tricia (I ) to the theatre tonisht. Jason
(2)_ (always) a glass of wine during thc intermission and
(3) going to a pub after the show. This play (4;
at l0 o'clock so therewill be plentvof time to haveanotherslassor two beforethcir l-avouritc
pub (-5) . Jason,who (6) ( a l w a y s )a b o L r t
Trrcia's driving and is too stingy to hire a cab. will hzrve to lct Tricia drivc. ll
(1) to mc as if thcy are hcading1'ortrouble. not a pleasantnight or-rt.

2.
I'ut the verbs in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous tense.
Put any other words in the brackets in the correct place.

l. You (always/ find) cxcusesfor beinglatc. I am bcgintringto lose

my paticncewith yor-r.

2. Davicl (write)a new book whilc his wif'eis on vucrrtion.

3. Jef'liey (f-eel)that his lif'eas an athletewill soonbe ovcr.

4. rne.nlease.I
Don'1distr"rrb ( h a v e )m y d i n n e r .

3.
Put the verbsin bracketsin eitherthe pasttenseor pastcontinuous.
'k W h e nh c ( l ) (stand)up to make a specch,he (2) (knoek)
ovcr his wine glass. Hc was vcry embarrasscd

'1' Whilc David (3) (watch) the football match on TV. thc chair hc
(4) ( s i t )o n s u d d e n l y( 5 ) (collapse).

(not live) in London when hcr fathcr

(1) (get) marriedfor the fburth tirne'/

" A s s h e( 8 ) (become)older she(9)__ (find) li1'eeasierto dcal

with.

4.
Fill in each blank using the correct lbrm of the verbs in brackets.

I had one of the worst experiencesof rny life a ferv years ago whcn ii friend and I
(l) (ski) in the DolomiteMountainsin ltalv. We had dccidednot to ski that
day - the sun (2) ( s h i n e )a n d t h e s n o w ( 3 ) (meltl 1'ast.We
had decided,instead.to takethe ski lifi to the top of the nlountainand have a walk arouncl.As
there was so little snow. we (4) (meet) many skiers,and the bar at the top of
the lift was empty. Afier drinking a quick cup of coffee, we (5) (set)out to
explorethe mountaintop,following a path through a forest. Suddenlythe weatherchanged,and
when the sun (6) (disappear),
it (7) ( b e c o m e )q u i t e c o l d .
Snow startedto fall. We decided to turn back immediately. After an hour of walking. we
realisedthat we were lost and that the snow (8) (fall) faster and faster. We
couldn't go back the way we had come. There was no alternativebut to carry on towards the
ski lift. Otherwise. we would spend the nieht on the mountain. Just as I
(9) (begin)to get really fiightened,I (10) ( h e a r )s h o u t s
in the distance. We ran towardsthe voicesand soon cameto the edgeof the forest. The ski lifi
was aheadof us. We had made it! However,it wasn'tthe top of the slope.but the bottom.
Withoutrealisingit, we had walkedall the way down the mountainside.

iilf in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Some people (l) (always/criticize)things without bcing
constructiveabout them. That's really irritating.To prove to myself that I am not one of thosc
people, I have decided (2) (oin) the nexl environmcntal
cross-countrybicycle rally, which (3)
awrlreness (be) the third of
its kind. I have even asked to be excused from the picnic that my school
(4)_ (have) next Saturday bccausc the rally
(5) (start) that day at noon. Considering the route. we
(6) (certainly/ run) into somebad weatherand I arn al'raidit
(1) (not / be) an easy run. Even so, I hope that when it's
finished,we (8) (create) some environmental awarenessin the
pcoplewatchingus ride by.

6.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets so that each sentence has
a future meaning. Use each future form only once, in the most appropriate place.

l. Look out! You (crash)into that tree.

The doctorshooe that he (get) bettersoon.

3. We'd betterhurry. The plane (take)off at l l :15.

4. The prime-minister (give) a reception for the businessmenthis

eventng.

5. Justimagine! We (sail) to Sardiniathis time on Friday.

Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
The Evans family was planning (l) (spend) the Christmas period in
Scotland. They (2) (invite) to stay therefor a few days at the houseof some
friends. lt was a long way away, and the Evans thought they (3) ( arnve.)
very late, so the friends agreedto leave the door key under the mat. In this way, the Evans
could let themselvesin without waking anyoneup.
The map their friends (4) (draw) for them wasn't very good. so they
(s) (find) the houseuntil abouttwo o'clock in the mornine. They startedto
look for the key. The whole family (6) (search)without successfor about

ten minutes when the father (7) (discover)that the door was open. They
went inside quietly. Since their friends (B)- (sleep)upstairs.they decidedto
go straight to bed. They were tired after their long journey, so they found two empty
bedroomsand went to sleep.
When they came downstairsthe next morning, to their amazementtwo complete strangers
(9) (sit) at the kitchen table. By accident the wholc l'arnily
(l 0 ) (break)into the housenext doorl

8.
Usea. an. the or no article(b) in the blanksbelow.

DearDiary,
Y e s t e r d a y .I s a w ( l ) car of my dreams- (2) Porsche
convertible! I can easily imagine myself driving that wonderful machine along
(3) French Riviera with (4\ sun in my face and
(5) wind in rny hair. Gatheringall my courage,I went into (6)
showroomand askedfor (7) testdrive.This was (B) incredible
display of boldnesson my part, if I say so myself, consideringmy already over-drawn
bank account.Unfortunately,dear diary, (9) over-drawn bank accountsare
oneof(10) h a r s hr e a l i t i e os I l i f e . . .

9.
Fill in eachblank with an appropriatepreposition.
Alex has alwaysbeen interested(l) marine life and sorely wanted to take
divinglessonsbutkeptputtingit(2)-.Itwasmainlyhispoorfinancesthat
preventedhim (3) fulfilling this ambition. Finally, last month he succeeded
(4) getting a job at the city aquarium, where he was to be responsible
(s) taking care of the dolphins. He proved to be so good
(6) his job that the city governmentoffered to pay for his diving lessons.
He is really excited (7) his job and diving. When I congratulatedhim
(8) his progress,he said,"If you ever get bored (9) vour
presentjob, come and see my boss; I am sure he can find something you are capable
(1 0 ) doing."

10.
F'ill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
You have finrilly succeeded( 1) making me angry. I have already
apolo-qized (2) bringing you here. You seem to be bored
(3) everything around. I cannot be held responsible(4)
everythingyou dislike.Try to show some skill (5) adaptingyourselfto the
circumstances.

11.
Fill in each blank with the most suitable preposition.
Bel had alwayswantedto have a businessof his own. His opportunitycame whcn his rtt-tllt
lef't him hcr hugc country mansion.He had never expectedthis. Although it took hirr
(l)-surprise,hewasquicktornove(2)-action.Hebroughtinanarnlycll
engineersand workmen. While ont: group was clearingthe old stablcs(3)- --- the

rubbrsh irccumulatcdovcr the years,anothcr was fitting the rooms (4)------- thc latcst

model air purifiers.For a whilc, it was like a madhouse:the whole placc was (-5)-
total chaos.Howcver,slowly but surely,thingssettleddown and a very attractiveheltlthI'arttt
was built. The opening ccrclnony attracted many celebrities. Ben. howevcr. was
(6)-=-_- no illusionsthat a few famousnameswould be enoughil'he wanteda steady
increasc(1)__ the numberof paying customers.He is constantlytrying 1o improve
"The OlclManor House",the name(8)-- which his healthfarm is known in the local
community.

12.
Itill in the blanks with in, into, on, closeto andfrom.
Our housc is (l ) the top of a hill. You can see the terrific scenery
\2) its terrace. There is an ancienttemple in ruins (3) oLlr

gardenwall. We hear the sound of the wind all the time since we live (4)---------- a
hrlly area. Thereare stairsin front of our fiont porch, which descend(5)---- thc
valley.

13.
Fill in eachblank with one word.
Don't put i l ) filling in the form. I know you are bad
(2) remembering things. Anyway, don't get too exctted
(3) receivinga green card from them. It doesn'tusuallycome. Why are
you so interested (4) going to the U.S.A.'? You are capable
(s) getting any job you like here. I apologise (6)
interfering,but you can do much betterthan this in life.

14.
Fill in each blank with the appropriate preposition. If none is necessary,put a (X) in the
blank.

,' Pleaserun (1)__ to my room on the top floor and get my coat. I havc an
appointment(2)_ two o'clock with Adrian. He is here (3)---- only two
days. He is leaving(4) tomorrow. It's his wif.e'sbirthday(5)_____ the
l2th of April. He wantsto celebrateit with hcr (6)_- Saturdayevcnin-{.

'r' Cornc-on. gct (7)_ the car. I'll drive you (8)_ the tunnel to the other
sidc of the rivcr. Then if you walk (9)_ the park you can casily rcrch thc
planetarium.

'k I had cornpletelylbrgotten (10)____ the picnic. Actually. Ihad nothing to clcr
( I I )_ the weekendso I didn'tevenbothcrto go ( l2)--- ol'the hrttsc.

15.
F'ill in each blank with the appropriate preposition.

,l.Pamclalivcs(|)-PrimroscStrcct(2)-number7.Shcusuallytakcsit

bus (3) has to wait (4)

work. She sometirncs the bus stop {or
fiftecn minutesbeforegetting (5)_______ a crowded bus which takesher to Tllfalgar
Square. Thcrc she jurnps (6)-- the bus and walks (7) thc
NationalGallery. On the way to the gallcry.shc I'ccdsthe birds by the fbuntuin. Aftcr
spending a fcw minutes therc, she cntcrs the gallery. Actuirlly. she works
(u)_ _ _ thc NationalGallcry- as an assistant
curator.

" Gerald has a lovelv house (9) the southern coast. but hc rvorks
(l0) the eastwherehe hasa tov f itctorv. As a result.hc spendsa lot ol'his
time (l I) the road ( l2) his car.

* Thc news of his trasic dcath was flrst given ( 13) television. then
(t4) the newspapersthe next day.

* Pleasebe here( l5)_ time.

'i' were (16)

We couldn'tseethe film properlybecauseour sezits t h e b a c ko 1 ' t h e
auditorium.
* Pleasesit (17) that stool ( l8) the hall. I want to draw vour
picture.

x We travelled a lot (19) the east but I have never lived

(20) the southerncoast.

* L e t ' sm e e t ( 2 l ) the entranceto Karum (22) Kavaklrdere

16.
Fill in eachblank with the appropriatepreposition.
You seemto be unaware(l) the fact that people are getting tired of you.
You alwaysexpressyourself(2) an aggressivemanner. Moreover, most of
your jokes are (3) poor taste. When people compliment you
(4) your acting ability you take it for granted. When you are confl-onted
(5) journalists, you are always rude to them. Ninc times
(6) of ten you are late for your appointments. As your agent. I'm
responsible (1) creating your public image. So let's get down
(8) business.You either do what I want you to do or I quit.

t7.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentenceswith the appropriate relative pronoun. Add
commas where necessary.

l. Jacques-YvesCousteauconductedunderwaterexplorationin places no man

had gone bel'ore.

2. Jacques-Yves Cousteau fihns made the strange underwater world

marvellouslyfamiliar had a rare enthusiasmfor nature'

3. Sebastian'soldest brother is an army officer will not be able to attend his

weddins.

4. After he was put in jail, Mr. Gullible was criticisedby a lot of people many of
were his old accomplices.

5. Many people refuse to take any major decisionson the 13th of the month
they believeis unlucky.

18.
Put the adjectives and nouns in the correct order in the blanks below.

1. I don't think it was really an accident. I would like to speak to the

. (involved/people)

2. There will be in the Mediterranean resion in the afiernoon

(occasional/ rain)
19.
Write the most suitable modifying adjectivein the blanks. In the first two sentences,
don't usethe sameadjectivein both blanks.
x His behaviourtowardsthe teacherwas ( I ) impolite,but shehandled
quite/rather
t h e s i t u a t i o n( 2 ) well.
quite/rather

It was a (3) interestingproposal,but I can't (4)

quite/rather quite/rather
agreewith him. I don'tthink thosetreesshould be felled.

We use our basement(5) a washroom.

as/like
This materialfeels (6) silk.
as/like
I usedto be very thin (7) a child but sincethen I've put on weight.
as/like

20.
Complete the following text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
In general, I've been very satistiedwith my new motorcycle, a Fuzimiko 50. It is
(l)--- (good bike) any other in the market. Its engine runs really
(2) (quiet) and it certainlylooks much (3)
(attractive)most other bikes of its type. And, mind you, it is (4)
(easy) bike in the world to maintain. The only real problem I've had is that it is trot
(5)_ (stable)it should be when there'sa strongwind blowing. And
also the passengerseatis far (6) (comfortable)I expected.

21.
l'ill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.Use used to and would,
each only once, in the most appropriate blanks.
Although it meant ( l) (have) a shorter vacation with his

friends this summer. William decided (2) (visit) the house

where his grandparents(3) (live). They had moved out years
ago because it had really become too difficult lor them
(4) (maintain)such a large house.As William walked through
the gardengate,the first thins he saw was the tree-housein the old oak tree. He remembered
nostalgically that AS a child he (5) (spend) hours
(6) (imagine)he was the king of the castle.He also rememberedhis
beloved grandmother(7) (bend) over for hours on end in an effort
(8) (keep) the garden blooming all year round. For one brief
moment, he considered (9) (buy) back the house" He dreaded
(l0) (think) what might becomeof the houseand "his" tree
location.
when developersdiscoveredthis as-yet-untouched

22.
Put the verbin bracketsin the correctform.

l. I didn't remember (give) you the key until you remindedmc you
had it.

2. Bill's father was glad (hear) from him after all those ycars of hrs
absence.

3. Justirnagine (see)Cindy Crawfordthere.Won't that be thrilling'/

4. Don't risk (put; your career in danger by perfbrnring such alt

operationon him. He is a terminalpatient

-5. She regrets - ( i n f o r r n ) u s t h a t s h e w o n ' t b e c o m i t t s t o o L l l -p a f t y

tonight.

6. Don't postpone (have) a medicalcheck up. I arn rcally worried

aboutyour hcalth.

1. lt will take a long time ( s o r t )o u l t h e b o o k si n t h c l i h r r r r y .

8. I don'twant to spendmY money (buy) thingswhich I don't nccd.

9. This time, Junc is really determined ( w i n ) t h e fi r s t p r i z e i n t h e

competition.

10. This new method causedchaosrather than ( n r a i n t a i no) r d e ri n t h c

officc.

23.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. You can add words
where necessary.
Very few spectatorsports today are amatL-urin any w;.ty. Sport has bccomc part ol' thc
entertainmentand advertisingindustry. The top perlormersin sportssuch as solf. tennisartcl
lbotballcan expect( l) (become)very rich. For example.Michael Jordanis
the most well-knownbasketballplayerin the world, but he'salsofamous(2)--
(wear) a certain brand of shoes. Is it right that sports stars should earn so nluch troney'?
Well. to reach the top in any sport you need a great deal of commitrnent. This means
(3) (have)no time to do any otherwork. Thesedaysit is almostimposstble
for anyoneto do a sport for fun and then, without very hard work, go on (4)
(achieve)successat the highestlevel. Many peoplewould arguethat top charnpionsreally do
deserve(5) (win) top prizes. After all, shouldn'twe reward peopleat the top
of their profession? One unfortunateconsequenceof the desire to succeedin sport is the
spread of drug-taking to improve performance. Most athletes still wouldn't dream
(6) (use) these drugs, yet an increasingnumber are finding them hard to
resist. However, maybewe should try (7') (understand)the pressuremodern

sportsmenand women are under. Only the chosenfew are lucky enough to receivernillions
for advertisingcontracts.Most find that when they stop (8)_---- (compete),there

is little else in life for them to do, and they can never regainthe kind of successthey enjoyed
i n t h e i rs p o r t i n gd a y s .

24.
Fill in each blank with the appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
I can't stand hrrn i l ) (pult) all those tricks on me anymorc. I trted
(2) (warn) him severaltimes, but he wouldn't change- Now' I rcgret
(3) (marry) him but it's too late. I really don't know how wc'll manitgc
(4) (live) together.Just irnagine(-5) ( b e )s r tu n h u p p v

with someoneand yct yotl go on (6) (sharc)the samehousewith him

25.
Put the verbs in brackets into their appropriate form. Correctly place any other words
given.
W h i l e C l a u d i a( l ) (study) for a degreein East Asian Cultures.shc
(2) (develop) an interestin cooking. Apparently' by the titnc she
(3) (graduate)in 1966, she (4) (already/decide
)
what she (5) (want) to do. Immediately after school. she
(b) (get) a residencepermit for Tibet by enrolling in the lJniversityol
Lhasa, in the Tibetan capital, and (1) (open) an Italian rcstaurilnt

Strangclyenough.it was a roaringsuccess!"Claudia(8) ( a l w u y s / h)e

a bit 6f an eccentric,with a knack for the exotic,but this one takesthc cake." sitysher old
VassarroommateJcnny. Her mother,too, still unableto believethe rcstaurant'ssucccss,
s a y s ." l t ( 9 a ) (make) senseif it (9b) (bc) a
"It
Tibetanrcstaurantin New York Citv; but this'1" Claudia,nevershort of an answer,says,
o n l yI ( l 0 a ) (have)thc capitalearlierlI (l0b) ( r u n)
a restaurantin every major citY in the world now."

26.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs in parentheses.Correctly place
any other words given.
Tina looked down at the scandalousgraffiti with which her friends ( l )
(decorate)the plasteron her leg and smiled sadly.Her fiiend Sam, one of the contributorsto
the decorations,asked, "What (2) (you/do) at a lefi-handecl
golfers tournament. anYwaY?You ( 3 ) (be) even lefi-handed."
"Well," Tina replied. "a couple of weeks ago as I (4) (peel) potatoes.
an ad in the newspaperI had laid on the tablefor the peelings(5) (carch)

my eye. lt sounded so promising: an l8-hole course in Hawaii, peaceful surroundings.

reasonablepricesand so on. You know, I (6) (always/have)a soft spot
fbr bargains,and this was irresistible.That night beforeI (7) (go) to bed. I
(8) (already/make)up my mind to book the trip. Initially, I had no intention
of entering the tournament.But when I (9) (arrive) in Hawaii, I
(10) (decide) to give the tournament itself a try anywav,
(ll) (alreadyI pay) the entrancefee as part of the packagedeal.
If I (l2a) (know) how disastrous it was going to be. I
(l2b) (never/do)such a fbolish thing. On my first day on the golt
c o u r s eI, ( [ 3 ) (stand)aroundwatchingthe expertspreparefor the first
tee-off. ( l4) (be) right-handed,I didn't realise I was on the wron-tl
s i d e ,s o I ( 1 5 ) (hardly/expect)the blow from the club I got squareon
the shin.The next thing I knew. I was in hospitalwith a brokenleg."
After hearing Tina's tale of woe, Sam said, "Look on the bright sidc. Where
(l6a) (you/be)now ifthe packagedeal (16b) (cover)
accidentinsuranceas well?" Tina thoughtbut didn't say,"In debt no doubt,but probablystill
in Hawaii.If I (l7a) (see) that tempting ad in the newspaper.I
(l7b) (dance)at my bestfriend'swedding right now."

27.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs.
(1) (live) in Africa, I know what starvationis. I (2) ( w o r k)

in Ethiopiawhen the greatfamine(3) (strike).I (4) ( never/see

)
anythinglike that before.People(5) (beg) on the streetsfor a mouthful o1'food
(6) (promise)myself to help the poor for the rest of my lif'e,I dedicatedmy lif-c
to charity. Quite a long time (7) (pass) since my stay in Afiica but I
(8) (remember/ still) those tragic scenes vividly. Before I
(e) (see) Africa, I ( l 0 ) (claim/always)that nothirrgcould
( I 1)
shockme, but my experiences (prove)me wrong.

10
28.
Completethe following text by putting the words in brackets in their correct forms.
You can add words wherenecessary.
Ever sincethe day I ( I ) (clecide)to changemy life and move to Istanbr"rl

I (2) (think) it over carefully,wonderirtgwhethermy suddcttdecisiotia

f'ew weeks ago was the right one. I (3) (watch) a documentaryabout

Istanbulon T.V. one afternoon.and iill at onceI (4) ( a t t r a c t ) t o t l ' r ci d c a o l

being a part of Istanbul'sculture and excitement. I t j u s t w o r r i c s l t t c t h e t s o t , t l l I

(s) tlive) all alone in a straneecity. I h a v e a f e e l i n g t h a t t h e f i r s t l - e w
m o n t h sc o u l dh c ( 6 ) (dilficult)yet thrillingtime of rny lif'cso far. You see.I
(1) (grow) up rn the city, but in a small sleepy village in the middle ol
n o w h e r ea. n d I ( 8 ) (spencl)all my life here. lt would bc hard to imagincit
(9)=_-- (quiet)place. Anyway, rly house(10) ( already/sel
I ).

so it s too latc now to changc my rnrnd. I cxpect that in a f'ew years' tittlc. I
( I I )___ (have)cnoughof thc noiseand pollutionof Istanbuland then I ciLtr
rnovcback to my villageand bctterappreciateits peaccand trancluillity-

29.
Use the approPriatelbrms of verbs in the blanks. LIse used /o and would ouce each
whereapproPriate.
l-hcre (l )----- (be) a lot ol' talk a b o u t t h e n e g a t i v e e f ' t ' e c t so 1 ' v i t a t l r i l r s l t t r c l
--
rnincralsrccentlY. PcoPle (2) (take) thcm without thinl<irrgiibout tllc

consequences. Last wcek. I (3) (warn) rny old aunt about taking too lllltlly

She (4) (take) two tablets a daY ulltil shc

crrlcium tablets.
(-s) (feel) sornc:cramPs and s t i l ' f h e s s i n h e r k n e e s a n c l n e c k . Antlthcr

(occur)durirrgmy childhood.When | (1)---- (go)

examplc'(6)
t9 prir-naryschool. tny mothcr (U)_-- (be) vcry keen on making tnc swallow a

spoonf'ulof cod-livcroil cvery morning. She(9)- ( a l s o l p u ta) s l i c co l ' o r a t r g c

( s t i t r t)
into rny mouth to help relieveits bad taste. After six m o n t h s o r s o , | ( I 0 ) - -
gctting rcd spotson lly body. I ( I l) ( t o r " r c h )a n y v i t a t n i l r s s i n c e t h c n . a n d I

don'rthinkI(12) tny Inind abouttha{.

(cver/change)

30.
l'ill in eachblank with the appropriate fbrm of the verb.

If shc (call), (give) her my ol'fice nulnbel

2 David usually (have) breakfast in bed if his wilc

lbring) it to hinr.

3. (be) very angry if someone (burn)my housedown

4. If you (talk)to him now. I'm surehe (be) very happy
He'sbeenexpectingyour visit 1or a long time so don't hesitate.Justenter his room.

31.
Fill in each blank with the appropriate form of the verb in brackets. Use negatives
where necessary.
Edward was born in Londonin 1916.He first (l) (start)to paint at the ageo1
five because his m o t h c r (I ) ( b e ) a f amous pninter and she
(3) (give)him his first paintbrushthen.
Now Edward (4)- (be) quite a famous painter. Presently he
(5) (paint)the interiorwalls of a communitycentrein a suburbol- L.ondolt
He (6) (never/rnake)such big paintingsso when he f irst undcrtook thc
project. he (1) (be) happy with it becausehe (8) (h a v c )

engugh conl'idencein hirnself. However, now hc (9)- (do) cluite well ancl
evervbody( l0)- (love)his work.

32.
Fill in eaclt blank with the appropriate lbrm of the given verb. Use negatives where
necessary.
At thc party, he spottedher among the crowd. If he ( 1) (sce) her photo

recently in at magazine, hc (2) (recognise) hcr. Shc

(3)__ (changc)so much. When she saw hirn, she irnrnedratcly
canrcto his
sidc. Shc hesitated l i r r i r r n o n ) c l l t . II shc (4) --- (kiss) hint. lt

(s) (mean) that she still lovcd him, so she decidedlrot to. Br-rts h e
(6) (never/experiencc) l-eelingbctorc.
sucha bitter-sweet

33.
Completethe followingtext by putting the words in bracketsin their correctfbrms.
You may add words to makethe necessary changes.
In the early 1990s.a producer{br Yorkshirc Television(l) ( l o o k) f o r
'The Ilard Lif'e'. In the courseof his research,hc
materialfor a serieso1'programmescalled
(2) (come) across a sixty-year-old woman, Hannah Hauxwell,
(3) (live) on her own on an isolatedfarm in the Yorkshire Dales. Her
l i v i n g c o n d i t i o r r sw c r c ( 4 ) (difficult) anyone could expect. Sht:
(5) (have)a phone,electricityor even runningwater- cxceptlrorn lhc
local slream.
The programme, which (6) (show) throughout 1991.
(1) (bring) fame and a totally diff'erentlifestyle to H a n n a h . S r n c es h c
(8) (discover)by the TV people,she (9) ( le-acl) .r

c o m f o r t a b l el i l e i n u small cottagein Cory, a nearby village. She is now the village's

(10) (popular)personalityand (11) ( i n v i t e )t o a l l
kinds of social occasionsin the area. She (12) ( l i v e ) i n Cory for six

t2
yearsthis May. and the villagers(13) (plan) to give a big party l n her
honour. They all think that she deserves(14) (bet happy ln the
remainingyearsof her life.

34.
Completethe followingtext by putting the words in bracketsin their correctforms.
You may add words to makethe necessary changes.

Two women who used to be the best ot friendshave fallen out over a big win at bingo.
TamaraFoxton and HelenaWallaceusedto play every Friday evening.and any prize moncy
they won would ( l) (divide) between them, according to their
agreement.Three weeks ago, Tamarzrwon the nationalfirst prize of f250.000. Helcnasaid.
"We (2) (wccpt with joy whcn the prizc (.1) ------
( a nn o u n c e ) . B u t t h c ncxt day. Tatnara said that hcr husband Billy had pcrsuadcd
'Ihe
(4) (keep)all thc money. agrecmcntbetwecnus was atl inl'ot'lral
onc. I l-ccl like a lbol now. If I (5a) (trr-rst)Tamara at the vcry
bcginning,I (-5b) (be) in suchan unpleasanl "
situation.
Tarnara'sside of thc story is rettherdifferent:
pouncls.Shc
" A m o n t ha g o .B i l l y . H e l e n aa n d I w c n t t o b i n g oa t t dH e l e n awon four hr.rndrcd
((,) ___ (split) the moncy three ways and i n c l u d e B i l l y . c v e n t h o u g h h c
(7) (lend) her tcn pounds to play that cvening. Al'tcr that incidcnt.I
n a t u | l l l y t 0 l t l h er t h a t the deal was over. Billv (B)- ( r c t i r c) s o r l n .l r n d t h i s

r n ( ) n e yw i l l c r r r r h l (c9 ) (realisc)our dreams.Of coursc.someformalities

have( l0)-- bcfore wc can receivethc money."
(cornplete)

35.
Put the verbsin bracketsinto their correctpastforms.

Thc car, which ( l ) _ (do) rnorethan 70 kph, ran into it

l a m p p o s t . T h e d r i v e r ,w h o ( l ) ( w c a r ) h i s s c ; . rht c l t .

(3) (throw) out of the window with the impact o[' the
collision

It was a beautif-ulwarm suln[ler afternoon. Emma (4)

( l i e ) u nder the big oak tree in the backyard.Hcr husbandwas out in the woods. On such
. e(5t
l o v e l yd a v s h ( a l w a y s/ t a k e )h i s g u n w i t h h i m . b u t
he(6) (rarely/ shoot)any rabbitsor birds.

IJ
36.
Put the verbs in brackets inttl their correct future forms.

l. I'nt looking lorwarcl to rcading his new book. Pcople sr! lhe"
i
lpublisht t b v t h e e n d o l . t h i sm o n t h .

2. I t l o o k s l i k e c v c r y o t r ci s l t g t t i n sut s . I c l o u b ti f ' l v e - - - - -- - (!llvc)

anotherchattccto collplcrtethc pro.iect.

3. (watch) rny l'avouritc TV programllte ll-ottrnltc to tcn

tonr()rrowcvcrting.so pleasccall me beforcthat.

4 . S h c i o o k s a r v f ' r " r i lpya l c . O b v i t ) t i s l 1 ' .s 1 . t " {lilr.lt}

37.
'Ihe
A. following text is about an incident that took place two days ago. I{ead it and
filt in the spilceswith the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
I t w u s a s r " r n n rc, 'l r r y . M r . l l o l l i s t l ) ( w o r k ) i t t t h c g i t l ' r , l c t lto t - l r . v t r

lrours u,ltcr.rhc Q t _ _ (dccrtlc) to go irt lor i.t cltl) ol tclt. l le

(j) (wlrlk) to thc l'r'ont o1' his hottse. rvltct'c llc

(.+) - - - ( l ea v c ) i t i s s l t o c si u t t l l t c ( - 5) - ( h c t l t l) t t c x l
t o t l r c l i g h t s r v i t c l r t r i l t u l l o f ' l ' o n c u r u d c l y b o o t . A t t h i s l t o i n l . l v 1 r . L a r k . l r t t c i g l l t r o t - t rt i ' l t t r
((r) _ _ _ _ ( r v a s h ) h i s c a r a c r r ) s st h c r o u c l . ( 1 ) - - _ - _ _ ,-, (scc) N4r'.
i l o l l i s s h l r k i n g u , i t h l r i s h a n c l o n t h c l i g h t s u ' i t c h . I ) r - r t t i n tgw o u t i t l l r v o t t i g c t h c r . M r Lrrlli

(S) - - - - - - ( r l u r ) a c r ' o s st l r t : r t t a i l a n c l ( 9 ) - - - lhiti N'lr.

t l o l l i s s u r n t r v i t l r u l t a s c h l l l b u t t o h r c l r k h i s c o t t t r t c tu ' i t h t l t e l i g l h ts v ; i t c h l t t t t ls l t v c l t i t t t l l ' o t t l
'I'hc ( t t l l t n a g c )t o l l r . r l l
c l c c t r . o c l r t i o n . u n l o r t u n a t cN l r . H o l l i s . u ' h o ( l 0 )
o1'1' ()ne hooL ltttd ( I I )- (try) to tltkc ol'l thc othcr,

tllt -'- l y h i s r r c i g h h o r - r rl'tst t u c k . B v t h c t i l t t c

( s c r t d )f l y i n g t o t h c s r o u t . t c b

N{i.[-lrkll]t ( r c a l i l . c lw h l t t h c ( l - + ) - ( c l t l ) .t t u r t s

[('()llttc.

ti. NIr. llollis, lvlrtt is nolv in lrospitalwith a bnrken arnt. talked to a lrtcal repurtt'r {ltis
nrornirtg. Complcte the lirllotvitrgscntenceshv putting tlre verbs in lllackets in tlreir
correct lttrm.

M r . H o l l i s:

i. 1 1 'r t ( a ) ltrc) ntitty that clay.I (l))- - ---- ( stil\')

iIrcior.lt's.

). I (a)--,---------- (lic) on this hospitll tredii Mr. Lark (b) (llrink)

tllirtI rvls bcing elcctl-ocuted.

l4
38.
Put the verbsin bracketsin their appropriateform. Correctlyplace any other words
given.
Matthew is the rrost indecisiveman r (l) (knowlever) in my lif'e. He
knows this but maintains."I (2a) (change) my rnind unless I
(2b) (have)excellentreasons."Last week. he (3)
( b u y )b a c k t h e h o u s e h e ( 4 ) ( s e l l ) o n l y a c o u p l e of months a-eo.Of
course
. he had to pay fivc thousand dollars more for i t . H e s a i d . " l
1-5a) ( b u y) i t h u ek i l ' i t t - 5 bt ( i n c r c a s)ci n v a l u c
so rnuch in such a short time." OK, but if he (6a) ( s e l l )i t i n t h c l ' i r s t
p l a c c ,h e ( 6 b ) (be) fivc thousanddollarsrichernow. Sotle yearsaso
guitar.Guesswhat'l Af tcr a
hc decidcdto leerrnhow to play the guitar.He boughta f-lamenco
l-cwlessons,he decidcdthat what he rcally wantedwas to learn how to play clussicalguitar.
Necdlessto say.his latcstpassionis thc piano.Matthew (7) ___ (nra|r'y)to
Maggie for twelve years ltow. Amazing, isn't it'l Maggie says. "li I
(8a) (make)it clearthat we eithergot marriedor I was leavinghitn. wc
(tib) t l i v e / s t i l l tw i t h o u r r e s p c c l i v er o o m t n l t c s . "M r t g t i c i s c x p c c t i l t g
thcir sccond child Problcm: naming thc baby. Matthcw says, "lf' my parents
(9 a ) ( b e ) a l i v c ,i t ( 9 b ) ( b c ) c a s y .I c o u l c n
l arrc
the baby ulter one of'thent, but I do not believci n g i v i n gchilclrennarrcs ol' dcad pcoplc."
This obviously is not the end of Matthew's story, but I ran out o l ' s p a c c . I l ' l
(l0a)_ ( h l t v e )r n o r c s p l r c c .I { l 0 t r ) (go) on for pages.

39.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.
N c l l ( I )__________ (attend) an art school for thc last eightecn Inottths. Shc still
t?) (havc)six monthsto completethe course. Shc (3)___ _ (try)
her hand at everythingfrom sculpturcto ceramics,and from paintingto batik at thc school
Last term whilc she (,1) (sculpt) thc head of a big anitnal I'igurc. shc
(-5) t l-rrll) frorn rr lrdder rtncl (6t (break) her l"g. It
(1) (take)her two monthsto walk again Now she is perl'ectlyall right and
she (8) (arrange / already) a job for herself. After her graduation.shc
(e) (work) fbr a ceramicscompanythat ( l 0 ) (produce)tilcs
{irr kitchcnsand bathrooms.

40.
Fill in the blankswith the appropriateforms of the verbs.
Roy, generallya suspiciousman, (l) (climb)the stairsto his officewhcnir
rnan (2) (stand)in his way and (3) (demand)to see his ID
card. As Roy (4) (never/meet)hrm in the building before,he thought the

l5
man (5) (be) a criminal. Before ( 6 ) ( g i v e )h r m h i s w a l l e t ,
Roy (7) (reflect) tor a moment. He was sure that if he (8)
( h u n d )t h c r n r n h i s w a l l e t .h e t 9 ) (be) broke for the rest of the rnonth. He
cursed his luck and said. "Let's toss a coin. If you ( l0) (win), I
(ll;- (give) you the money in my wallet without any fuss." The man
(t2) (take) aback. He said. "l'm sorry, sir, but I'rn the new janitor" I
(13) M r . A n d r e w s( 1 4 )
(hire)only recently.Yesterday, tfindt
o u t t h a t s o m e o n c( l 5 ) ( t r y ) t o b r e a ki n t o h i s o f f i c e . H e ( 1 6 )
(see)sonremarkson his fl'ontdoor. S o h e t o l dm e ( 1 7 ) ( c h e c k )t h e i d e n t i t r e s
of peoplc on the stairs. I i l t i ) ( m e a n ) t o trouble you sir. tf I
(l9) (meet) you before. (20) (causc) such a
"
rnisunderstanding.

41.
Fill in eachblank in the fbllowingtext with a suitablemodalverb togetherwith the verb
in brackets.

afternoonwhen I got a phonc call ll-ontmy lr-iend

I was sittingin the ol'l-icelast Wcclnesday
Thco. lle soundedvcry excited."Havc you heard the ncws'1"he said. "JamcsYaletnassis
c o m i n gt o t o w n . H e ' sg i v i n g a s h o w n e x t w e e k e n d . "I t o l d h i m I d i d n ' t k n o w w h o h e w a s
talkingabout."What do you meanyou'venevcrheardof him'?" hc said. "Hc's the beststand-
up comcdianin the country.His show will be very l'unny.You really ( l)---,--
(rniss)it." I agrcedto give it a try. "ln thatcase,"he continucd,"(2)-- ( u s k/ I )
Would you rnind getting the tickets?You'vc got a credit card. so you
you a big f'avour'.)
(3)__ (go) to the thcatreyourself.just ring up the ticket of'ficcand book thctr
over the phone.Thanks." Thcn. he hung up. It soundedas if it wzrsgorng to be r popular
show.which meantthat we (4) (buy) our ticketsas soon as possiblcbclbre
they were sold out. I called the ticket offrce, but thcrc was no reply. I tricd again scvcral
1imes.but I still had no luck. In fact,I spentmost of the aficrnoonphoningup againand again
untrl I finally managedto get throughand book our tickets. On the night o1'thcshow.wc got
to the theatre. and I was surpriscd to see that there were still tickcts on sale. I
(5) (waste)all that time on the phone.Anyway, wc went in and saw thc
s h o w . T h c o t h o u g h t it was hilarious: he couldn't stop laughing all the way through.
Personally, I d i d n ' t find it very funny at all. I wished I'd stayed at home - I
(o) (let) him talk me into going with him in the first placc.

l6
42.
Fill in each blank in the following text with a suitable form of can,could,may,might,be
able, must and the verb in brackets.
It was only when my televisionbroke down that I found out how difflcult it is to -qetone
reparred. I askedaround at different shops,but no one would even agreeto look at it {br mc.
I wonderedwhat other peopledo in this situation.They (l) (throw) their
broken televisionsaway, I suppose,and just get the latest model instcad. Anyway. I
eventuallyl'ounda place, but. even then, I didn't have much luck: thc 'nvomanbchind thc
countersaid, "The repairman'snot here. He (2) (come) to work litr the

lasttwo weeks- he fell and broke his leg while frxing an antenna.He hasan apprentice. bul I
don't know where he is at the moment. He (3) (have)his lunch break

T'ry coming back in an hour or two." I went back an hour later and spoketo thc apprentice.
FIeagrceclro come straightround to my houseand look at the television.The next day. I told
"How much did you pay'?"he askcd. I tolcl him"
onc of rny friends about my expr'riencL-.
"That'sso expensive.Why didn't you tell rne your TV wasn'tworking'/ Jack,rny neighbour,
'['he
is arnazinglygood with gadgets.He (4) ( f i x ) a l l k i n d so f t h i n g s . best
thins is. he lovcs mcssingaroundwith electronicsso rnuch that he doesn'tchargeanything.
Hc (5) (sort)out your televisionlbr nothing."

43.
Complete the following conversational exchangesusing a form of can, may, might or
must and an appropriate verb.

Who'sthat acrossthe street?It looks like Alex.

Ir (I ) Alex. I talked to him on the phone this tnorning. Hc's

away on businessin Izmir.

What happenedin your chessgame with Simon yesterday?You didn't lose again.did
you'?

Ac t u a l l y , I d i d n t . He had a bad cold. which u p s e t h i s c o t r ec n t r l t t i o n . s ( ) I

()\ this time.

There'sa big group of peoplefrom the office going out to dinnertonight. Why don't you
meet us at the restaurant?

['m not sure. I (3) later. It dependswhat time I finish work.

I didn'tknow David was such a good lbotball player.

Yes, he (4) a professionalfootballer, but he decided to go to

universityand becomea doctor instead.

Have you seenRachel? I've beenlooking for her all afternoon.

t1
- I saw her in her office five minutes ago. She was talking about leaving early - she's
having a new washingmachineinstalledtoday"

- Well, she's not in the office now, and her car is not in the car park. She
(s) home

44.
Complete the following dialogueswith a suitable form of can,be able,rnay,might,musl
or should and the verb in brackets. Use each modal verb only once. There are more
modal verbs than you need.

* lt's l0 a.m.and Ricardostill hasn'tcometo work.

- Don't worry. He ( I ) (get)up on time, or perhapshe missed

his trarn.

" This is Jason'sf ianc6e.They'replanningto get marriednext month

- But she (2) (be) rnore than 16 years old! Isn't shc (oo
young to get rnarricd'l

'k I'll give $900 lor thatyellow Volkswagen.

- You (l) (ioke)! It's worth at least$1.-500

'k (4)
It was rainingrcally heavilyycsterdaya1'ternoon. tfindI
a taxi when yor"rlc{i work'i

- stationandwenthomebv underground.
not. I walkedto thenearest
Of course.

45.
usinga suitablemodal verb togetherwith the verb in
Completethe fbllowitrgsentences
brackets.
'r' What I like rnostitboutmy new iob is that I (l) ( d r i v c)
throuchrush-hourtraffic.I startwork at 7 a.m.and finish at 3 p.m., which is so
convenlent10r ffle.

i' I hopewe (2) (find) ticketsfor the Twix Brothcrs'conccrt

next month. They are my favouritegroup.

* I'm sorryto troubleyou but (3) (I / borrow) your umbrella

l o r h r l f a n h o u r ?I ( 4 ) (post)thesedocuments.and it's
rainingheavily.

x Thanksa lot, but you (5) (wash)all thosecups.I was going

to wash them in the dishwasher

18
* A: Where'sDorothy? She is supposedto help me with thesereports.

B : S h e( 6 ) (have)lunch. I saw her headinefor the cafeteriaten

mlnutesago.

* A: The boss(7) (be) shockedwhen you told him to go to

hell at the staff meetins.

B: Well actuallyI (8) (lose)my temperlike that.I really

don'tknowwhy I gotso angry.

46.
Fill in eachblank with a modal + the verb in bracketsin order to expressobligationor
permrsslon.

L People (lcave)their parcelsand coatsin the hall beforc cnteringthe

auditorium,if they wish.

2. 1 had already
(go) to the confercncchall so earlybecausemy assistant
put cverythingin order.

3. Sheila (infbrm) the adrninistrationabout her materrrity lclve

Now
befbrehand. sheis in a difficult position.

4. We hope we (make)somc renovationsin the building ncxt year.bul

dcpends
everything consent.
on our landlord's

17.
l'ill in the blankswith the appropriatepassiveforms of verbsin brackets.
Richarcl (l ) (respect) very much by everyone around him. He
()\ to manager.But I doubt if he (3)----
(lately/promote) (allow) to

rnirkcall the neccssaryreforrnsin the ofl-icc. This is a delicatemattcr (4)

(scttle). lt rccluireshard work and lots ol-patienceon Richard'spart. First ol-all. the
personnel (5) (have to/persuade) to accept the new order. As they
(6) (treat) very badly before the last managerleft, they now wcigh up every
option (7) (give) to them with caution. Richard already anticipatesthat he
(B) (criticize)by somepeople,but he is willing to take a chance. He is quitc
usedto workingunderpressure.

48.
Fill in eachblank with the correctform of the verb in brackets.
Althoughfar morewomenhavejobs nowadays, theystillexperience difficLrlties
considerable
at work. ln the past. women ambitiousto succeed(l) (tell) that they only
neededto use their f'emininecharmto get what they wanted. In modern business.however.
charmis not enough,and women arefinding that they haveto work just as hard as men, evell

l9
though they do not alwaysget the sametreatment.In fact, they are still subjectto widespread
discrimination. For example, ever since women entered the world of work, they
(2) (pay) less than their male colleagues. This is unfair: women
(3) (deserve)equalstatus.In addition,they (4) (often / blarne)

first for no reason when things in the office go wrong. Employers may accusethetn ol
(s) at home. They think that
(distract)by commitmentsand responsibilities
women have difflculties balancingwork and home life. lndeed,to a certainextent this is true.
Women are unableto take advantageof every opportunity(6) (give; to thetn:

t-ewwomen are willing (7) (promote)to top positionswhen the consequence

is longerhoursat work and lesstime with the family. The solutionto this problemwould be
more flexible working hours.lJnfortunately,not many women believethat any progressolt
this matter(8) (make)at the moment. It seemsthat.unlessernploversbectlnle
more sensitive to the needs of working wornen, a large proportlon o1 wotttclt
(9) - (still/ force)to makea choicebetweentheirjob and family

20
B.
l.
Complete the secondsentenceso that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use up to five
words, including the one you are given.

l. No matterhow many timesI tell her.our maid alwaysfolds my sweatersthe wrong way.
No matter how many times I tell her, our maid the wrong
way. (keep)

2. Thesedays,peoplehardly ever write lettersto eachother.

Thesedays,people to eachother. (ofien)

2.
Complete the secondsentencefollowing the given cuesso that it has the same meaning as
the first one.

I. You can play in snow,but don'tforgct to put on your gloves

Providcclthat

2. The cat atc the gold fish becauseyou put the flshbowl on the floor.
If

3. My little sistcrnevergetson lifts becausesheis afraidof closedspaces.

II

4. Only by going to Englandor the Stateswill you improveyour English.

U n l es s

5. I l'9rgotto takel1y camera,which is why I didn'ttakeany pictures.

II

6. You can'tsolvcyour problernsunlessyou consulta psychologist'

providedthat

j. Sheis not satisfied with the presentsituation;that'swhy she'scomplainingso much

If

8. Liarn is a very good tennisplayer,so I don'tthink Percywill agreeto competeaglinst

him.
I don't think that Percywill agreeto competeagainst
( a s . .a
. s)

9. Jane'sheishtis 1.60m, whileher little sister'sis only 0.85 m

J a n ei s
( a s . . .a s )

zl
10.They producevery high quality work. They can set their own prices.
They
(such)

I l. The tardy studentdidn't changehis attitudealthoughthe teacherwarned him repeatedly.

The tardy studentdidn't changehis attitude

(in spiteof)

(Do not use "in spiteof the fact that")

1 2 . A n d r e wwill not becomea good scientistbecausehe isn't very patient.

Andrew a good scientist.
( t o o)

13. Don't stay up late tonight. You do not want to miss your [J o'clock a p p o l n t m e n l
tomorrow.
You if you do not
want to miss your 8 o'clock appointmentfomorrow.(better)

so I couldn'thelp the injuredchild.

14. I havenot beentrainedin lirst-aidprocedures
I wish the in jurcd child

15. I am sittingherelisteningto this boringlecture.I'd pref'erto be at home readinga book.

sittingherelistcningto
thrsboring lecture.(rathcr)

1 6 . T h c c a t snatchcdmy steakjust afterI took a bite out of it.

Hardly

17. Dorothyis a singer.Melody is a bettersinger.

Dorothy is not
( a s. . . . . . . . .a s )

I 8. He eatsa lot, almostas if he were a horse.

He
(like)

19. In Rome.we visitedthe historicalplacesandwe did lotsof shopping

In Rome,not only

20. The moment I got in bed, the phonerang.

No sooner

22
21. Mr. Geriatrix is very uncomfortablewith his new dentures(false teeth) at the moment,
but he hopeshe will get accustomedto them soon.
Mr. Geriatrix hopes soon.
(used)

22. She takescareof the sick and the elderly; she is accustomedto that
She of the sick and the elderly
(used)

23. Thebuilding collapsedwith a deaf'eningnoise a few minutesafter the firemen left it

Hardly

24. Gina smokesl3 cigarettesa day whereasMaria smokesonly 6

Maria smokes
( a s. . . a s )

25. I enteredthe builclingand I immediatelyheardan explosionoutside.

No sooner

26. I instructedJack and he playedthe gameaccordingto my instructions

Jack
(as)

27. Nieel teachcs20 hoursa week whilc Georgeteachesonly t hours.

Nigel teaches
( a s . . .a s )

28. I read a f'ew pagesbeforegoing to bed even when I'm vcry tired
No matter

3.
Complete the sentencesto expressyour thoughts for each of the following situations.

l. Your roommatealwaysusesyour belongings.

['d ratheryou -

2. You dreamof livtng in a housewith a swirnrningpool

I w i s hI

3. You regretspendingall your money on a leatherjacket.

If only I

4. You havegot an old washingmachinewhich keepsbreakingdown.

It's time we

L)
5. Your friendis tryingto give the impressionthat he is very rich
Stopactingasif you

6. He goesout almostevery evening

I wish

l. Shedoesn'tnoticeme at all.
If only

8. I talked to him so severelyyesterday

I wish

1.
Write questionsusingthe followingprompts.

I . Thechildrenhaveeatenall thefood in therefriserator.

What

2. S h ei s sleepingin her sister'sroom.

whv
3. Tonv gavethem a farcwelldinner.
Who

4. Bill carneto schoolquite early yesterday.

Whcn

5.
Complete the following sentenceswith suitable linking devices.

l. the extremelyheavy snowfall overnight, many of the citv's main

roadswere blockedin the morning.

2. The suspectin the murdercasesaidhe would not answerany questions

he had spokento his lawyer.

3. We boughtthe most expensiveticketsfor the play we would cet

the bestpossibleview of the stage.

1. When I go on holiday abroad,I always take out travel insurance

huvean accidenl.

5. As the lecturer went over the topic, he added some ideas and examples o1' his own
the studentscould rememberwhat was explainedmore easilv

6. Gamessuch as squashcan be dangerousif you aren'tused to playing them. A number of

rnjunes can occur the sudden.twistins movementsthat such
gamesinvolve.

.A
7. I went into a bie self-service restaurant to have a sandwich and a coffee
I caughtthe train back to London.

8. The teenaeerslooked alike in their tieht ieans and leather

jackets with lots of badges I had difficulty in spottingmy l5-
year-oldcousin amongthem

o a creativephotographerexperimentswith light. he or she may

takethe samepicture at many different times of the day.

10. had I steppedout of the li[t there was

a power cut.

6.
Complete thesesentencesin a logical way.

l. I won't changemy mind no matter

2. Come and seeme as soonas

3. I won't leavehereuntil you

4. The librarywill haveclosedby the time

7.
Complete the following conversationalexchangesusing appropriate future forms.

'' Look at Nedl He looksso pale.

- O h , m y G o d l I t h i n kh e ( l )

,' I'd hateto be the one to tell David aboutthe changesin the companypolicy.

- Why don't you wrtit until Monday? By then, hc

(2),_ most of the news from thitt contDany
g o s s i pC
, huck.

{' I have to work until late this evening,but it seemswe've run out of coff'eeagain.

(3) to that all-night store anclget

some'J

'i' We'verun out of milk again.

- It4t to the shop and get some,if you like.

x Look! The bus is settingoff - we (5) ir .

- That'sOK. Don't run. there'sanotherone in ten minutes.

* Have you still got that book I lent you?

25
- Yes. I'm still trying to get through the last few pages. I'm sure I
(6) it by the time I seeyou on Thursdayevening. Don't worry. I
(1) it backto you then.I promise.

* I'm looking forward to our holiday.

- So am I. Just think. This time next week we (8) a drink by

the swimming pool at the hotel. I can'twait.

* (9) your bag for you? You seem to be having

trouble.

- Thank you. That'svery kind of you.

'k Who could look afier the baby lor us on Friday?

- What aboutGreg'l

- G r c a ti d e a . I t l 0 ) him now.

- No, wait until tonight. He'sworking latetoday,so he (ll)

at home afier 9 o'clock.

8.
Complete each of the following conversational exchanges with the appropriate f'uture
form of the verb in brackets.

|. Hurry up, Susan,your fatheris waitinglbr you downstairs,

All right,I (be) therein a minute.

2. Thc grocer'sboy fbrgotto deliverthe milk againthis morning.

(call)the grocernow to rernindhirn'l

3. I hearthe doorbell.Who can thatbe at this hour'/

oh. rhara) (be) David.We b) (go)
to that new nightclubtonight.

1. closeto that old lady.

Look, that boy is gettingsuspiciously
My God, I think he (mug) her.Call the police

9.
Complete the following sentencesby adding the correct preposition and a suitable verb.

L He is ratheranxious on sucha long journey. Afier all, he is 72

yearsold and has had a seriousoperationrecently.

2. He was terribly upsetwhen he was accused in the exam.

-3. Who is responsible sucha messin the livins room?

LO
4. The managercongratulatedthe store detective the thief. who
had almostescapedthroughthe back door of the store.

5. If I were vou. I wouldn'tinsist ieansto work. You know the

bosswantseveryoneto wear suitsand ties.

an exam, I usually close my eyes and relax for a few

go
minutes. Then I carefullv over what I've done

10.
F'ill in the question tags.

l. Let'schangethe subject,

2. Don't touchthat.

3. Nobody was there,

4. ['rn qr.riteclever,

5. We had a lovcly time,

6. You havcn'tseenmy wallet,

ll.
Complete the fbllowing sentenceswith suitable relative clauses,adding commas where
necessary.

l. Library membcrs will be recluired

to pay a fine.

2. The world's rainforests are being

dcstroyedat an alanningratc.

3. This magazinc article strongly recommends the Chinese rcstallrattt

4. This morningthe bus was lateagain

-5. Thc students were cxcused

from classearly.The rest stayedand reviewedthe latestmaterial.

6. This rnorning,I shutthe car door on my finger

1. My fiiend from lnnir was really irnpressed by orlr facilities at l,ake Eynrir

8. My eldest sister will be

performing at the presidentialpalacenext Saturday

21
9. The Titanic was the famous shiP in 1912.

10. Beethoven was the comPoser are well-known all over the
world.

11. Gaugin was the Painter most of his lif'e on troPical

islands.

the reason
12. I can'tunderstand us herestranded.

t2.
anv
Complete the following sentences with suitable reduced relative clauses and
necessaryprepositions. Each sentencemust have a passivemeaning.

I. Have you read the reports the new secretary'/They are I'ull ol
mistakcs.
spcllirrg

2. The villagers are going to claim compensationfrom the owners of thc factory for ttre
damage the environment.

3. Filnrs t h i s c i t t c t n aa r e u s u a l l y v e r y g o o t l

1. According to some psychologists, children singlc purcnts

tend to sul'f-erliorn of
f'celings insecurity.

13.
in a meaningfulway'
Completeeachof the followingsentences

l. - I'drather my clectricdrill to Hcnry without askingtre.

- I'm sorry.clad.He saiclhe neededit urgently,so I couldn'tsay no to hilrl

to work on foot recentlY'l

- Becauscthc cloctorwantsme to losc somewcight'

in
3. The crashof tw9 airplaneson the runwayat Teneril'eAirport this ntorninghasresultecl
the death of 287 PeoPle. Never such a dreaclful

accidentin EuroPe.

4. Some people enjoy doing outdoor activitieswhile

fiee tirne watchingTV at home.

5. Even if a job in their company, I wouldn't hitve

acceptedit. I really enjoy my presentjob

28
6. On the Orient Express,threepeoplewho tickets were
caughtby the conductorsand handedover to the police at the next stop.

, the lesslegibleyour handwritingbecomes

B. The judge found the two youthsguilty of destroyingpublic property and they were made
the damagethey had done.

L). If I ate lessand startedexercisingregularly,how long l0 kilos'l

1 0 . B y t h e t t m ew e arnved at the stadium. due to the

heavyrain.

I l . T h c c o m p a n yi s planningto openits first rcgionalofflce in Germanyso thcy are looking

fol peoplewho

'l'hc
12. is so crowdedl I'rn surewe'll haveto wait l'or a long timc bcl'orc
restaurant

13. I'rn hopelessat plrysics.I can'tget a high grade.no rxatter

14. The phonehas beenringing lbr a minutc. Whoeveris calling will have given up by thc
tlme

1 5 . N o t s u r p r i s i n g l y .h a r d l y to Suc's
person
birthdayparty lastweek. She is a very rude and aggressive

16. He is a well-known experton bultcrflies. There is scarcely

aboutthesebeautifulanitrals.

29
C.
l.
Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the box. There are more words than
vou need. Use each ONLY ONCE.

hard hardly late later lately

flat flat rather wide widel

In our office. it is (l) acceptedthat Alex is a b o u t t h e r n o s l .e i . r s y - g o i n g

pcrsonwe havc ever met in our lives.There is (2) l r n y t h r n gi n t h c n t r r l d
that would upset him. I was ( 3 ) surprisedthe other day when he
4) rclusedto help Gwen. Sornethingwas obviouslywrong. SooncnoughI
fbund out that G w c n . w h o has been having some problcrns with hcr finrtnccs
(5) , h a d s t o l c n s o m em o n e yf r o m A l e x . T h a t b i t o 1 ' n e w sn e a r l yk n o c k c d
rnedown (6)

2.
Irill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions/ words from the box. lle carelbl!
There are more expressions/ words than you need.

since so unless as long as therefbre

I
l . We will be facing watcr shortages evervbodv tries to be rnole
sensitivcto the needto conscrvewater.

2. he finishcshrswork I d o n ' t c a r e w h a t t i r n c h e a r r i v e s l t t t h c o l ' l ' i e e

3 . I am lcavinsDavid a notc he will know where we are.

3.
Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks with suitable words from the
box. There are nlore words than vou need.

all every both either

none each neither
It was my first everjob interviewand I was very excitedaboutit. When I spoketo onc o1'the
two managingdirectorson the phone,I tried to note down carefully(1) the
was verv relaxed.and he even g a v e m e t h e c h o i c c
detailsof the interview. Our conversation
of seeinghim on Mondayor Tuesday.As I was unemployed,(2) was all risht
lbr me. We agreedthat I would corne on Monday. When the big day arrived. I had
difficulty finding the company'sheadquarters.
considerable It was on a long, busy streetf'ull
of differentkinds o1'buildings,and (3) of them appearedto be the one I was
'Io
looking fbr. my relief, I eventuallyfound it. In a frantic hurry, I got to the intcrvicu'
room. knocked on the door and burst in. The managingdirectorswcrc sittins at a large
rneetingtable. They (4) staredat me blankly. I said, "l'm here for the

30
intervlew. I'm not late, am I?" They continuedstaring at me. (5) of them

seemedto know what I was talking about. Then, one of them calmly looked at his wat.-^h
and

s a i d ," N o . you're right on time, exceptthat your interview isn't today. lt's next Monday""

4.
Complete the following texts by filling in the blanks with suitable connectors from the
list below. Use each connector only once. There are more connectorsthan you need.

due to such as despite

otherwise therelbre although
since in other words meanwhile
provided that on the contrary unless
moreover for instance however

The nced fbr:moncy originatesfrom the fact that dil-lcrentpeoplcin socictyproduccdil'lcrcnt

things. This mcansthat peopleclcpendon eachothcr for goodsand scrviccs.Lct us takc thc
case of' a farmer who produceslrore foocl than he requires and a carpelltcr who livcs by
sellingthe tahlcsanclchairsthat hc has madc. It will be obvious that ll)----
lirocl
sorncrrcanso1-cxchangeis founcl,the l-armerwill not be ablc to get ricl ol' his surplr-rs
will starvcl Clearly,the sinrplestIneansof cxchangcwill bc l'tlrthetr to ttsc
anclt6c cirrper)tor
barter.(2)_ . t o c x c h a n g c i t c e r t a i t ra t n o l l l l t t l f o n e k i n d o l ' s o t l c l s f t l r i t c c r t a t t l

a r n o L u . tot f i t n o t h c r . ( 3 ) barter can work well in it sitrple stlcicty. itl ittt

'dvanceclsocietywe ctnnot go aroundcarryingthrngsin the hope that wc cattcxchangethctll

for thc things we need. (4) . w e n c e d s o m e t h i n g w h i c h w i l l s t a n c ll o t ' t l t c
hencethe origin ol' mgney. It f'gllgwsthirt
-eoodsattd serviceslhat we want to excharrge:
anythingcan act as moncyor currcncy(5) a l l t h c p e o p l c rL r s i r t gi t a g r c c o t l i t s

h sirltwere used as moltey in thc past

v a l u c . C l o w r vs h c l l s c, o c o n u t sw, h a l c s ' t c c t ancl

No one doubtsthatthe iclealway to conservcanitnalsis to cloeverythingpossibleto savcthcir

habitatsl(6) , ovcr the past 20 years it has become clcar that thc mere
conservationol'habitatwill not bc enough. L,vcnthe bcst protectcdplacesarc usuallynrorc
vulnerablethap they seem(7)_ thcy are often in areasof povertyand political
instability. Hungry people at war havc littlc concenl 1or rare animals. In thc Sahel'
(8) a combinationof drought and human conflict has wiped out the
scir'itar-hornedoryx.
*r:>x

Fielcl stuclieshave shown that wild animals, particularly large predators (9)
cheetahsanclwild dogs,need far more room than anyoneimagined. Populationgenetlclsts
have calculatedthat many speciesof animalsface the dangerof being wiped out in thc long
t e r r n( 1 0 ) clrought,epidemic or war. It is clear that even if the best efforts
are made to savewhat is left of the wilderness.many auimalsare still doomed

3l
(11) , breedingin zoos has becomean essentialpart of conservation.Such
breeding should be carried out on a large scale.through cooperationbetween zoos and
betweenwell-chosenanimals. (12) an estimated25 per c e n t o f a l l s p e c i e s
w i l l b e i n dangerof becomingextinct in the first quarterof the next century.

5.
from the list. Useeachonly once.
Fill in the blankswith the words and the expressions

since no sooner when tn case

as soon A S finally then so as to
SO to than until
that such
(l) had I sat down (2) the whole flat rocked with arr
explosiott. I didn't tnove at all (3) I sarwthe kitchen was on l'ire. I srabbedu
lug I'romthe l-loort4) coverthe fire but it w:ts no use. I was sureMrs. Hull.
the mard,had done somcthingwrong. Shewas (5) a l'ool 1(rt
at thc kitchcrt
anythingwas possiblewhcn she was around. At that rnomentshe appeiLred
door from the garden sidc with the garden hose gushing wilter in hcr hiutd.
(1) shc entercd she startcd spraying the whole krtclrcn with it.
(8) , the fire dicd. When I askedher what had happenedshesaid."Wcll. I wits
boiling sornernilk (9) make you a pudding. I think it boiled ovcr anclthc
flame went out. and ( l 0 ) , the gas lilled the place. I was stnokingin the
g a r d c na n d ( l l ) I opcned the kitchcn door wrth a cisarcttcin Inv heltd,tlte
wholething blew up. ( l2) here am I sir. with all rnv evclashesand blows
burncdup, bcggingyour pardon. I had put asidesornelnoney( l3)- I ncctlerlit
onc day and now I can compcnsatefor thc damageI've done." I just srniled shecpishly
( l4) with anger
I wtrsspeechlcss

6.
Fill in each blank with the gerund or infinitive form of one of the verbs from the bttx.
Use each verb onlY once.

realise

J a c k c a n ' th e l p ( I ) CDs. After (2) to thern a f-ewtirncs. hc

puts thern up on a rack and lorgets about thcn'r. He has somevery intcrestingdisks though;
for example, the very first (3) of Caruso. He occasionallvresrets
(4) all his moneyon disksbut thenwheneverhe seesa newly-released
CD. he
doesn'thesitate(5) it. He must really try (6) h i r n s e l fa n d
corne(7) the psychologicalmotivesbehind this pleasantand yet expensive
habit.

)L
Complete the following sentencesby filling in the blanks with suitable words from the
box below. Use each word only once. There are more words than vou need.

none both all every

each neither either

of the people we have interviewed thinks that they work

in the afternoon.
h c t t e ri n t h e m o r n i n g .They say they begin to t'eelratherexherusted

If you want to keep to your diet, you can have some salad or a vegetableclish;
is fattening.

You can buy of thcsccookersfbr your new house. There rs

no drff'crcncebetweenthem in tenns of pricc or cluality.

4. Although llore than twenty girls have applied for thc sccrctarial post.
knows how to uscthc cor.nDutcr.

8.
Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks with suitable words from the
box. Use each only once.

Onc day. rny father finally declared,"I have decidedthat you are matLlreenough to havc your
own car." Oh, what joy! Though we actuallyhave two family cars,(l)-------------- l'its
within my ntodcststudentbudgetin termsof'runningcosts.So I irnmediatclysat clownto citll
in town attdcarel'ullyiotteddown (2)
the car clcalers thc inl'onnationthcV
had to ol'l'er.My l-atherand I thcn wenl over (3) detail and, irftcr long
-l-hc
agreedon a makc that was (4)---
discussions. sporty and ittcrxpcnsivc.
ncxt stepwas to visit the dealcrclosestto our house.As soon as we arrived.I noticedthc two
cars in the window. one bright rcd, the other British racing grcen. (5)--
would have been all right with me. My father, who is not easily impresscdby uttr-aetivc
colors.startedaskingendlessquestions.While he got a patientand thoroughanswerfl'ornthc
dealer to (6) one. my father looked as if (7) of the
answerssatisfiedhim. After half an hour, I was really gettinganxious.thinking we werc not
gorngto buy the car today.How was I to know that rny fatherwasjust enjoyingthe occasion'.)
I am now the proud owner of a beautifulsportscar.

JJ
9.
Completethe followingsentences with a suitablepast participleand a preposition. Use
eachverb in the list belowonly once.

write fit leave

take draw recommend

F i l r n s( I ) film critics are not alwaysthe most entertalnlngones

G u n s( 2 ) s i l e n c c rds o n o t t n l t k eu n y n o i s c .

Exarninationpapers(3) r e d i n k w o n ' t b e a c c e p t e d . l - u r t l l c r m o r e .t l l c
adrninistration won't takc anY responsibility f'or your personal bclongings
(4) this rootl.

Pictures(5) childrcn usually show what a rich colourful worlcl thcy

l i v e i n a n d .I think this world shouldn'tbe (6) thcm too sootr

10.
Iiill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the modals in the box helow and the
correct firrm of the verbs in brackets. Use each modal at least once; you need to use
some more than once. You may also have to use tlle negative form.

be able should have to need

let can must misht

I w c n t t o i l t e r v i c w V i l c e n z o C a l e o n c a t l ' r i sh o r t t e f o r a n a r t i c l e i n a l o c a l l l e w s p l l p c r
Vi'c:c12.9'sparcltts( I )___ - - ( l l l i g r i t t c ) t o t h c U r r i t e t l S t r t t c so l

America because gl'poverty. His pirrcnts crln't relttt:rrbercxactly. trut thcy say lle

(2) ( b c ) a n y o l d e r t h a n s i x a t t h e ' t i m e .s i t r c ch c s t i l l
had his baby tecth llis father was worricd that Vinccnzo (3) l l c l r r n)

E n g l i s h .s o h c ( 4 ) ( V i n c e n z o l s p e a k ) I t a l i i r n c v e l l a t I l o t n e.

He (-5) lworry) bccausc Vincenzo was l-luctlt ill

English belore his tenth birthday.which hc cclebratedwith his l'riendsI'ronr sclrool.llis

ntother.on the other hand, was wtlrried that he (6) ( l o s c )h i s

Sicilianidentity.She was wrong also. He (7) (combinc)

(sec)htnt in Itis
the bcst o1-thetwo worlds. You (8)
owlt house now to understand what I mean. "At the very beginning, it
(9) (be) quite a challengefor you," I say.Vincenzo.a respected
linguisticsprof'essorat a prestigious university,jr.rstlaughs and says, "lt ccrtailtly wlts
Nevertheless. yoLl ( l0) (talk) to my children befot'cyou
write your article.1'henyou ( I 1)---- (really/understitttcl)
how I rtm
still strugglingto keeprny culturalidentity

J+
11.
Filt in the blanks with the appropriate form of the modals in the box below and the
correct form of the verbs in brackets. Correctly place any other words given. Use each
modal at least once. You may have to use the negative form.

must have to should let can

M y l'ather went to an eye specialistthe other day, and the doctor told hirn thal he'
(l) (wear) tinted glasses.He did obey the doctor's orders.but ltc
hasnt stoppedcomplainingever since.He thinks that he looks like a has-beenpop star.I{e
(2) ({'eel) vcry self:consctousbecausehe refusesto go out unlessit
Actually, he (3)
is absolutclyneccssary. ([eel) that way, sincc the
glasscs don't appear unusual at all. Another problcm i s that my mothcr
(4) (him/drive) after dusk. Well, at thc age ol' 72. hc
(s) (stop) driving at night a long time ago. but he still
(6) (accept) this. So, when you sct: my l-ather. you
(1) (cven/hint)at this touchysubject.

12.
F'illin eachblank lvith the most appropriaten-rodalfrom the box. UseeachonlYonce.

mustn't need to don't have to

needn't have to must

You wearglasses.You can'tproperlyseewhat you'rcreading

) The chilclren cnter here with their muddy shocs. I can't clcan those
carpetscvery clay.

- 1 . t l n ei v i l r z c dt r i h c : havemoneytn ordcr to be contenl

You obey thc rulesin this school. Otherwise,you'll be disrnrssed.

5. t seeyolr tomorrow. I havesomethingvcry importantto tcll

Wc put up wtth suchbehavior.You'd bettertalk to Llslrlorepolitely

13.
Completeeachsentencewith a suitablepast participleand an appropriatepreposition.
The baseforms of the missingverbsare givenin the box below.

damaqe write leave strand send

Shipwreckvictims ( l ) (2) a little boat for days were
rescuedyesterday.S O S signals(3) (4) the ship's captirin
helped the rescuers to locate the whereaboutsof the survivors. The ship. badly
(s) (b) the underwaterrocks. was towed to a safe dock.

35
However.as the captain'slog, (7) (B) ink, had becometotally
illegible when it got wet, the authoritreswill have to wait until the captain recoversto
discover the reason for the accident. The personal belongings of the passengers
(9) (l 0 ) their cabinswere also ruined.but sincethere
wasno lossof life,nobodyis makinga fuss.

14.
Fill in eachblank in the followingtext using a suitableform of one of the verbs in the
box.Useeachverb only once.Thereare more verbsthan you need.

grind creep wind bend

flin strike tread shrink la

It was one of thoscdays when nothinggocs right. Whcn I w o k e u p . I r e a l i z e dI h a d o n l y l - 5

minutcsto get rcady.I distinctlyrememberthat I had (l) n r y a l u r n rc l o c k
Thank God. I had (2)
the night before.but it didn't go o1'1'. thc col'l'ce

a n d( 3 ) the breakl'ast I
tablebeloreI wetttto bed.Aftcr acluickhreak{'rrst'
startcdgettingdresscdand realizedthat rny cardiganhad (4) i n t h c n " i t s h .I

(-s) it acrossthe rootn and one of its buttons(6) nly

favoritc coI'fecmug and shatteredit. By the tirne I had carefully (7) ov(jf

broken piecesof china and reacheclthe door, I was alreadylate for my first day at work. You
on my bossMr. Murphy'sl'acewhen I gavehiln nlv exctlses'
shoulclhavcseenthe expression

15.
Use five of the prepositions in the box appropriately to fill in the blanks.

past through acr0ss towards

alon into round

You shouldlook lcli and right beforcgoing the str(]ct.

) We look rt lottg trip - - lhe river carnpingwhercverwc found a plcitsltnt

view.

3. Her diamondnng slippedoff her linger and f-ell t h es i n k .

4. I went his houselastnight. The lightswere not on.

'l'he the tunnel at a terrific speed
5. train passed

l6
16.
with a prepositionand the appropriateform of a word taken
Completethesesentences
from the list below.

routes action admission illusions

warn increase clear

(1)
There has been a considerable (2) the'salesof uir-

purifrerslatelybecauseof extremeair-pollution.Local authoritiessimply say that lack of air

currents cause this phenomenon.Well. this is nothing but a(n) (3)---
(4) defeat.They can certainly clo more than that. For example. they catt
r n o v e( 5 ) (6) b v c h e c k i n c t l - t cc x h a u s t e m t s s i o n

o f v c h i c l e sr u n n i n g ( 7 ) certain (8) Thel'

s h o u l dl l s o ( 9 ) people( l0) using their cars too ol-ten
C)nly when thc streetshave been ( I I ) (121 C X C E S SVI C

traf'fic.thc problernwill be solved.Even thcn people should be (13) l)o

(14; thatevervthinswill turn up bctterin a shorttime

17.
Write the fbltowingdialoguebetweentwo friendsin reportedspeechusingthe most
appropriatereportingverbsfrom the box below.'fhereare more verbsthan you need.

promlSe agree remind invite

add acce warn insist
l. David : "Tony, would you and your wif-ecomc to dinnertomorrow'1"

2. Tony . "Ycs. hut you reallvtnustlet mc bring the drinks."

3. David : "You rnayhave to spendmore thattyou think. I also invitcd Sean.who clrinks
like a I'ish."
4. Tony : "Don' t worry, I'll bring cnoughbeor1'oran army."
- 5 . D a v i c l: " O h T o n y , p l c a s ed o n ' t f o r g e tt o b r i n g t h a t r o c k ' n ' r o l l a l b u n t y o u b o u g l ' r t
yestcrdaY."

t.

3. b e c l t u s ch c h a d a l s o
invitedSean.who drinkslike a fish.

4.

31
D.
l.
Rewritethesephrasesusingcompoundadjectives.

l. a cakewhich was madeat home= a cake

2. a book which contains500 pages= a book

2.
replacingthe underlinedparts with compoundadjectives.
Rewritethe expressions

l. A politicianwho everybodyknows = a

2. well = a
A woman who dresses

3. A girl with red hatr = a

4. A iamily wliich own threecars = a

3.
Rewrite the fbllowing sentencesusing ( the ... the).

l. It'seasyto rnukenristakcsrvhenyou'rctircd.

2. If one works harcl.one tendsto so f ar in one'scareel

l. Wc wcnt I-arinto the forest. Wc had little hopeo1'survival.

4.
Rewrite the following sentencesusing the words in brackets and without changing the
meaning.

l. Thc cropsf'ailcdbccauseof thc scvcredrought.

(cause)

),. I'll speakto him only al-tcrhe hasapologised.

(u n t i l )

3. He was injured in the first ten minutes,but he carriedon playing to the end.

(eventhough)

39
4. He suffersfrom hypertensionalthoughhe doesn'teat salty food.

(despite)

5. Using cellularpholresmay causesomenervousdisordersin the human body.

a) (becauseof)

b) (resultin)

6. I z m i r h a sa n inadequate heavyrainsliequentlybripg
drainagesystem;consequently,
lloods.
a) (due to)

b) (be responsiblclor)

7. Thc sradualrise in sealevelswill makeVenicesink underwatersomeday.

a) (becauscof)
b) (asa result)

8. S o c i a cl h a o si n big citiesfbllows fiorn the migrationof peoplel-r'omrural areits

a) (dueto)
b) (resulting
in)

9. Becausecommunicatiortis fasterand casier,bankingand tradecan aitn at gltlbltlisittion

a) (in view of)
b ) ( s o . . .t h a t )

).
Ilewrite the sentencesbelow using -irlg or not-ing.

l. He was not very interested.He rejectedtheir o1fer.

2. I knew that this would happen. I took the necessaryprecautlons.

40
6.
Rewrite the underlined part using an appropriate form of must, have to, or need to.
Use each only once.

l. Actually,I would like you to staywith me, but it isn'tnecessary.

2. We are obliged to obey whateverorder he gives us.

3. Is it necessarvfor you to leaveus in the middle of this interestingconversation?

7.
Rewrite each of the following sentencesin different ways, using the words or phrases
which have been indicated. Use proper punctuation.

L Nanotechnologyhasgreatpotential;consequently, manyrespectable itrstitt-ttiolts

reseetrch
havebecnallocating large sums of moncy for its development.
to a billionthpart of a unit.)
(Notc: nanorel-ers
a) (due to)

b) (leadto)

2. Sornepeoplemay suffbr from problernslike anorexiaand other mental disordersbccausc

they diet for extcndedperiodsof time.

a) (asa rcsultof)

b) (such...that)

c) (hence)

8.
Rewrite the following sentencesusing the expressionsgiven in parentheses. Do not use
other fbrms of theseexpressions,but some words may have to be changed or added.

I. Spacetravel will causedramaticeffectson philosophyand religion.

a) (becauseofl
b) (will follow from)

4l
2. The destructionof rain forestswill set previouslyunknown bacteriaand virusesfiee to
contaminatethe world.
a) (leadingto)
b) (dueto )

3. Faulty road conditionsare responsiblefor most car accidents

a) (as a resultof ) ----

9.
Rewrite the following without changing the meaning and using the clues given.

l. I've got only f5 in my bank account.

(hardly)

so he wasn'thurt seriously
Z. He was wearinghis seatbelt when the accidenthappened.

(if)

3. Frcd looks like Bill so much thatnrostpeoplemistakethem for eachothcr.

(a l i k e )

4. Jessicabeggcdher fatherbut he didn't let her go out that night.

(eventhough)

.5. Sheiladicln'rhavethe propercquipnentwith her. Besides.shedidn'twant to clinrbthc

mountain.

(evenif)

6. I don'tapproveof your listeningto loud musicin this house

(would rather)

1. Excessivedrinkingmay leadto partialmemoryloss-

(resultfrorn)

u. c'xanl
Parentsare havinga hardtime. Their childrenare studyingfor the uttivc'rsity

(whose)

t1
10.
Rewrite the following paragraph using the passivevoice where possible. If the sentence
cannot be made passive,write it without any changes. Use an agent if necessary.
Yesterdaywe had a busy day at home. My father mended the garage door. My mother
cleanedthe carpets. Our cat Samanthajumped from one place to another. My sister and I
polishedthe woodwork. In our house,we usuallydo such thingscollectivelyon a particular
day of the week.

+-)
E.
1. Mark the best choice.

I. She has a thirst learning

a) to c) for
b) of d) at

2. The book gives reference_ other publicationson the samesubject.

a) to c) for
b) of d) at

3. To my way of thinking, herbalteascannotbe substitutes_ real tea.

a) to c) for
b) of d) at

4. Can you find an alternative

_ that'l
a) to c) lbr
b) ol' d) at

-5. My younger brothcr,togethcrwrth a lot of his fricnds, to raisc moncy for strect
children.
a) is tryrng c) is tried
b ) havetried d) are lrying

6. Jamcsis very proud of his I'athcr-,

who was the first pcrson 1l-orra univcrsityin his
I'amily.
a) graduating c) to graduate
b) that havegraduated d) havingto graduatc

1. The dealershowedus two cars,_ were too cxpcnsivc.

a ) onc of thern c ) eitherof thcrn
b) both of which d) neitherof which

6. thc prcsidentof Middle E,astTechnicalUniversity,ProlessorDr. lJral Akbulut is

rcquiredto attendmany official ccrctronies.
a) As though c ) Sirnilar
b) A like d) As

9. His incornpetentnephew_ still __ lbr thc governmcnti1'Mr. Crubbyhands

the lastelections.
a ) w o u l d . . . .h a v cb e e nw o r k i n g / l o s t c) w o u l d . . . .b e w o r k i n g / h a d n 'l to s t
b) w o u l d . . . .h a v ew o r k e d / d i d n '
l t
o s e d) is ...... working/wor"rldh na' t v el o s t

10. _ a very good positionat the university.Jamesleli his prcviousjob without alty
rcgrcts.
a) Offering c) That he was offered
b) Having beenoff'ered d) Having ofl'ered

I I . Your father had a difficult tirne at the hospital,_?

a ) h a d n ' th e c ) h a sh e
b ) d i d n ' th e d ) w a sh e
12. At the beginning,John found it very difficult to wear a tie, but now he - it.
a) was gettingusedto c) has gottenusedto
b) hasused d) is beingusedto

13. Although he had a fight with Michelle earlier, Josh is still hoping to her
barbecueparty.
a) he is invited c) fbr beinginvited
b) to havethe invitation d) to be invited

14. __ that Agassiis the bestclay courttennisplayerin the world.

a) Wide acceptance c) It is wrdely accepted
b) Widely accepting d) Having widely accepted

15. Only afterI got home from work I had left the iron switchedon all day.
a) I realised c) was when I realised
b) did I realise d) that I realised

16. We mect at the club now. I think he spendsmost of his eveningswith his sick
wif-e.
I r )o e c a s i o r t a l l l c) llways
b) sorretilnes ) hardlyever

17. YoLr touchthc objectsherc. Thereis electriccurrentpassingthroughthcnr.

a) needn't c) shouldn't
b ) d o n ' th a v ct o d ) o u g h tn o t

18. You shouldlistento me. I havcbcen- a I'atherto you all your lil-e.
a) such c) like
b) as d)

l9 h i r n s l o w d o w n ! H e ' sg o i n gt o k i l l u s a l l i n t h i sc a r .
a) Let c) Tell
b) Makc d) Get

20 vcry comfbrtable.shechangedher scat.

a) Shc wasn't c) Not being
b) Being d) Havingbeen

21. I know vou'reunh;lppvnow. but vou'dbetter in the cold. The snow wott'ttrell
for thc next threemonths.
a) usedto livc c) get usedto living
b ) b e u s e dt o l i v i n g d) live

22. They can'tgo on like this. She him fbr everythinghe does.
a) often criticizes c) will forevercriticize
b) is alwayscriticizin-e d) nevercriticized
I

23. That dog - when you touchits tail.

a) is biting c) tendsto bite
b) is aboutto brte d) shouldbite

,4<
24. Don't disturbme by showingme thosereports.I'm on holiday'
a)a c) the
b) an d)

25. Pamela'sbosswas very disappointed-- that she was going to reslgn

a) hearing c) to hear
b) abouthearing d) so to hear

26. Are you nervous takingthe exam'JYou seemto be restless

a) aI c) about
b) for d)

27. lt is very hzrrdto resist--- chocolates.

a) to cat c) at eating
bt e'lting d) to be caten

28. I wish I more careful while driving. SomedayI'm going to havc an

accident.
a) could be c) can be
b) could havebeen d) would be

29. The situatioltwas bad enoughlastyear,but this yearit is evcrt

a) better c) the worst
b) worse d) the best

30. The nrorebad-tentpcredhc becomes

a) when shetnakeshirn angry c) he will do somethingawl'ul
b) sheapprccilttcshim tnore d) tlle lesssheloveshiln

I l. David is not so clcvcr his brothcr-

a) like c) cornPared
b) ils d) than

32. We hacl---- rain that our bascmcntwas completelyllooded.

a) so lnuch c) too
b) such d) enough

33 _- stcp on the grass.they took the stonepath to the house.

a) ln orderto c) So as not to
b) To d) So that theYcould not

34. The burglar him openthe sal'cand got awaywith all the rnolley
a) caused e) lct
b) madc' d) got

35. That horse havebeatenMiranda.who is consideredto be one of the bcsl

horseson the track. And as I said,Mirandais againthe winner.
a) shouldn't c.) mustn't
b) can't d) maYnot

46
 Active : Evervbodythinks that Carl Richterhas written that article
Passive
a) It was thoughtthat Carl Richterhas written that article.
b) Carl Richter has beenthoughtto write that article.
c) It is thoughtthat the articlewas written by Carl Richter.
d) The articleis thoughtto have been written by Carl Richter.

I know my mother doesn't mean -(37;- me, but she always secmsto turn up itt
moments.I wish she_(38)
inconvenient beforecallinground.

31. a) to disturb 38. a) Phones

b) clsturbing b) will Phone
c) s h ed i s t u r b s c ) w o u l dP h o n e
cl) disturb d) had Phoncd
)i: >l:)k

in traversittgthe ruggcd Alaska rangeby mourttitit'tbikc On

Last year,thrcc rnen succceclecl
the trek.___(39)__ ovcr lnorr:than 775 milcs,the trio rode on glacrers.gantetrrrilsrtrld
gravcl bars ancleven rafteclrivers.__(40)__- their bikc handlcbarsto tnakc passrtgc
casicr.thcy had to walk singlel'ilethroughthick vcgctittionfor days. When I'rtccdwith rapid
runrringrivers.they crosseclthc white watcrs--(41 )- their bikes to thcir hrtcks.

One ol'rlremnearlygot killcrl _(42)_ the Black Rapidsglacicr. At the ertclof'thcir

sevcn-wcek.journcy,
-(43)_- nothingbut freezc-dricdmealsand high-cnergybitrs.
with a hot tneal.
thcv cclebriitedtheir sllccess

39. a) what strctchcd 40. a) Whilcrcmoving 4 L a) thcy strappccl

b ) stretchccl b) ['lavingretnoved b ) stiappccl
c ) which strctched e) B c c l t t t s cr c t n o v i l t g c ) w l t i l es t r l t P I i t t . '
d) that stretchcd d) Removed d) by strrtPPing

42. a) clirnbing 43. a) eating

b) h e w a sc l i r n b i n g b) s i t r c ee-l t i t r g
c) havingclilnbed c) who haseitten
cl) hc beganclirnbing d) havingeaten

SomerimcsI rhink rhar sales clerks --]OO,1 to a clifferent speciesaltogether.

Wcll, let me illustratemy point with a coupleof examples.You go to a shop anclask for a
certainitem and the salesclerk says,"We -(45)- it, sir, but not anymore."What
cloeshe expectyou __(46)_. at a
time travel'lAnotherexample:The salesassistttnt
shoe store wants you to try on a pair *--(47) obviously at least ortc siz.c

--(48) for you and says, "You -(49) into them. sir!" I

_(50) be 36 next month and show every year of it. You see.they say sucl-t

Aa
things becausethey do belong to a different species:one that -(51 )-- in time and
grow after the age of 35.
Thus, when they openedthat huge departmentstorein our neighbourhood,I was the first
person _\52)_: I thought that I -(53) deal with these strange
anymore.Oh, how wrong -(54)-!
creatures The otherday I went thereto change
a sweatermy wife -(55) a week earlier.The minute I -(56)---- up to
the clcrk in churge,I -(51)- I was in trouble.With -(58) --- hidden
irritation, she snatched the sweater out of my hand and started a long procedure
_(59) filling out endlessforms.As I -(60)- the store.I was hoping
that I _(61)_ enough time to enjoy a cup of hot tea in their caf6 before they
closed.By the time I had my new sweaterproperly wrapped and securcly under my ann.
they __(62) the checkout counters. No one, not even my enetxles.
_(63) haveto dealwith thesepeople.

44. a) who belong a) usedto have 46. a) dorng

b) arebelonging b) usedto having b) havedone
c) must belong c) havehad c) coulcldo
d) needto belong d) would have d) to do

4 7 . a) which rnaybe 48 a) very big 49. a) are going to grow

b) t h a ti s b) bigcnough b) l.raveto grow
c) hasbeen c) too big c) growlng
d) looks d) higger d) will srow

50 a) will 5 1 . a) will be travelling 52 a) rejoicing

b) may b) don't travel b) liave rejoiced
c) could c) won't be travelling c) to rejoice
d) must d) can travel d) had rcjoiccd

53 a) can't 54 a) wzrsI 55. a) has beenbuying

b) w o u l d n ' th a v et o b) I have b) had bought
c) couldn't c) I was c) had beenbought
d) might haveto d) haveI d) w a sb u y i n g

5 6 a ) w a sw a l k i n g 5 1 a) knew 5 8 . a) worsc
b) havewalked b) was knowing b) worst
c) walked c) h a dk n o w n c) badly
d) havebeenwalking d) haveknown d) bad

5 9 . a) that is involved 60. a ) h l t v cb e c ne l l t e r i n g 61. a) s h o u l dh a v c

b) which is involved b) entered b) havehad
c) which involved c) enter c) would have
d) is involving d) have entered d) will have

48
 a) may be closing 63. a) can
b) were closing b) could
c) haveclosed c) might
d) have beenclosing d) should

is a uniquesportbecausethe climberis in competitionwith natureitself and

Mountaineering
not with otherpeople. For this reasonit is a dangerousactivity. _(64)_ the spolt is
full of dangeronly seemsto add to the excitementfor most climbers. However.climbers
risks: _(65)_
don't take unnecessary being naturallyadventurouspeople, they are
careful to follow the correct safetyprocedures. They point out that, for anyone wrshing to
take up the sport,proper trainingis essential.Experiencedclimbersrecommendbeginlrr-rs
__(66)_ club. In this way, they can learn to clinrb with
a registeredmountaineering
the minimum of danger.

64. a) That 65. a) yet 66. a) to havc.joined

b) What b) despite b) that theyjoin
c) However c) whereas c) joining
d) No matter d) eventhough d) .foin

Cryogenicsis thc techniqueof l'reczinga dead body -(61)-- it can be preservedand

then broughtback to life in the future. Most doctorsthink cryogenicsis ____(68) an
rdeathat it is _(69)_ worth takingseriously.However,this doesnot discourasesonrc
people_(70)_ a lot of money on cryogcnrcsin preparationfor their death.Maria
Carnacho,an Italian languageteacherfiorn Lorrdon,is one of thcse pcoplc. "Evcrybody
thinks I'rn crirzy,"she says,"but when I die, I -(11 )- many of the wondersof thc
I havea chance.I want to live againand travclthroughspace."
universc.With cryogenics,

67. a) in orderthat 68. a) suchstrange 69. a) rarcly

b) in case b) so strange b) nearly
c) unless c) as strangeas c) hardly
d) until d) strangerthan d) entirely

70. a) to spend 1 1 . a ) d o n ' ts e e

b) to spending b) am not seeing
c) their spending c) won't haveseen
d) l'rom spending d ) w o n ' tb c s e c i n g

49
Even rf you -(72a)- a cigarette in your life, you -(72b)- at risk fiom
smoking-relateddiseases.When smokersand non-smokerssharethe same room, the non-
'passive
smokerscan't avoid breathingin someof the smokers'tobaccosmoke.This is called
smoking'.Fortunatelyfor non-smokers,smoking -(73)- in most forms of public
'smoke-free'
transportand many public buildings have zones.In the private sector,therc are
many benefits for an employer _(74)__ action to create a smoke-fiee environmcnt.
First, the companyhas a betterimage.Second,the workforce are healthierand less likely
_(75)_ time off due to illness.Finally.thereare lower cleaningcostsfor employees.
-(16)- clothes.
are forcedto go homein the eveningin bad-smelling

1 2 . a ) d o n ' tt o u c h . . . w i lbl c 73. zt) hasbeenbanned 14. tt) taken

b) haven'ttouched...are b) had beenbanned b taking
c ) d i d n ' tt o u c h . . . w e r e c) hasbanned c) that takc
d ) h a d n ' t o u c h e d . . . w o ubl dc d) had banned d) w h y t h c yt a k c

15. a) to have 16. a) many wht'r

b) they have b) all of thern
c) fbr having c) which they
d) they will have d) troneof whotn

llavc ytru cvcr askcd yourscll',___(11)___ lbr'/ If you have evcr had tirnc to put this
qucstionto your collcagues,you ___(78) __ thc f'ollowinganswers.It's thc moncy. ol
coursc,sofnc srly with a srnilc,__(1())_- they werc explainingsotnethingto a stttall
ol'doing a goodjob. Well, I --(80)-
childl or it's the satisl'actiorr on rr
as atr itssistirnt
b u s o n c e ,b u t _ ( u l ) _ o v c r i n t h c a i s l cw i t h r n y h a n d sl ' u l l o f d r i r t k sd i d n ' ts i v c r t t e
Othcrssay rt'sthe companyol' otherpcople.If that'strue. then what rbout
much satisfaction.
make them -(82)--
l'armers'lDoes the conversationol-the fanr-ryard their work'/
Somehow,I don't think so. For some,work is power and a senseof status.Howevcr.thcsc
are arnbitiouspeoplewho have _(B3a)_ alreadyachicvedtheir goals --(lJ3b)--
are upsetbecausctheir bosshasn'trecognisedtheir obviouspotential.Most of us, I suspect.
hope that one day _(84)_ the lottery.Meanwhile,we would rather--(85;---- on
working when the only alternativeis a lif-eof povertyand boredom.Thc problernis, we are
too busyworking to realisethis.

77. a) who are you working 18. a) s h o u l db e h e a r i n g 1 9 . a) as

b) whetheryou are working b) needn'tbe hearing b) as if
c) what you areworking c) can'thaveheard c) just as
d) why are you working d) may well haveheard d) suchas

50
8 0 . a) worked 8r a) by falling 82. a) appreciated
b) had worked b) falling b) to appreciate
c) wns working c) havingfallen c) appreciate
d) had beenworking d) fall d) to be appreciated

8 3 . a) either...or 8 4 . a ) w e ' dw i n 8 5 . a) we carry

b) both...and b) of winning b) we carried
c) neither...nor c) to win c) carry
d) not...but d) w e ' l lw i n d) havecarriecl

,: t: >k

but f'ewpeoplehavethe personzrl

Nursingis a popularprof-ession, qualitres---(86)-- -
lor such r difficult job. To begin with. thc trainingis difflcult, and. ---(87)-- thcy
have finished this. qualified nLrrscsstart a carccr involving long hours lor little pay.
of hclping
Nurses.however,don't do thc.jobfor thc nronr:y.They do it fbr the satisfaction
pcople. I lnlortunrrtcly. attitudccan __(
tliis unsell'ish 88)_ t:vt:n worsc conclitiotrs
rrs
ol'nursesand rlitke thcrnwork as malrylroursas possiblc
employcrsterrclto takc advantagc
I'orthe sarnepay. lt is not surpristng.then, that nurscs,-(89)- eventuallylcavc
the profession1or lcss stressful.jobs,sometirncsbecomcintpatientwith thcir bossesancl
decideto takc itctionto improvethcir workirrglivcs.

8(r. a) which it reclutrcs u 7 .a ) oncc

b,) that rccluires b) while
c) thev reclr.rirecl c) by the timc
d) rccluired d) betorc

U 8 . a ) d u ct o rJ9.a) providingmany
b) lcadtcr b) despiterr-rany
c) be car-rsed by c) rrany of whorn
d ) b c i t r e s u l to l ' d) a f t e rw h i c h m a n y

change,rnostpeoplereact in one of two ways.

When faced with some new technological
They ___190a)_ try to avoid it, clairningthat it is unnecessary,
-(90b)- they
learn to acceptthe new invention,and then wonder how they ever managedwithout it.
Howcver.adultsespeciallytend to be slow to apply new technology.--(91 )--- they
seeclearevidcncethat a new machinehasbenefits,do they f'eelreadyto use it thcmselvcs.
A good exarnpleof this is the computer,which highlightsthe great differencebetweenthe
generations. Adults usually suspect that computers are a threat to our f}eedom.
_(92)_ children seemto have lessfear that they will take over our lives. Adults are
alsoconstantlyarnazedthat their childrenczrntake_(93)_ so easily. Consequently.
they alsofeel inadequate
when their children._(94)_ the expertsin the farnily.start
giving them advice on how to operatelfre familv home r:omputerproperly. In fact, it does

5r
not take long to operatea basic computerprogramme,_(95)_ things occasionally
go wrong for no apparentreason. However, what seemsto really frighten many people is
that changeis occurring-(96)- fasterthan it was, say,twenty yearsago. No sooner
have we got used to one new invention_(97)_ we are told it is out of date and we
have to learn to use the machinethat replacesit. But changeand new technologydo not
always bring improvementsto our lives. When there is a power cut, for instance.wc
realisethat there are still some sood forms of entertainmentaround that don't have to be
pluggedin to work.

90. a) so much ... that 9 l a) Seldom

b ) e i t h e r. . . o r b) Never
c) both ... and c) Only after
d ) n o t o n l y . . .b u t a l s o d) At no point

92. a) whereas 9-l a) them

b) nevertheless b) to
c) despite c) them to
d) besides d) to them

94. a) like 9 5 a) even

b) alike b) even if
c) as c) as if
d) suchas d) as though

96. a) considerably 9 1 . a) then

b) slightly b) than
c) exactly c) that
d) a lot of d) when

I work fiom horne.so when we moved into this new flat, I wanteda study --(98)--
I could work in comfortably. The problcm with our old flat was that the roorns were far
too small. Besides,we weren't allowed to throw out any furniture or put in the extra
bookshelvesnecessaryfor my books _(99)- the flat and everything in it was
rented. In the new flat we have chosen this room at the back as my study. If I
_(100a)_ time, I _(100b)- it a nice bright colour, but I have too much
work to do. Still. it's quite a bright room already. The light comes in f'rom two sides.
becausethere are two huge windows and a terraceoutside. Of course,I don't want to put
my bookson _(l0l)_ of thosesidesand block any of the light. Luckily, thereis
enoughspacealong the other walls for my bookshelves,so it's the perfectarrangement.

52
98. a) where 99. a) as
b) in which b) whereas
c) that c) owing to
d) while d) in order that

100.a) h a v e. . . w i l l p a t n t l0l. a) none

b) d o n ' th a v e. . . w o n ' tp a i n t b) both
c) didn'thave... would be painting c) either
d) h a d . . . w o u l dp a i n t d) neither

,<t<*

'fhis
yc.ar,trke a really carefreeholiday on the Costa Brava. -(102)---- the guarantee
of hot sunny weather for most of the year. Book a packageholiday, and all the transport
arrangements __(103)__ careof. lt's so easy. You stepon board a jct at Gatwick or
Lutclnand in two and a half hours.you ___(104)__ heatof Spainon
the Mediterrancan
vour facc.

102. a) b e c a u s oe l ' h a v i n g 103. a) to take 104. a) will be f.eeling

b) w h i c hh a v e b) o1'taking b) arc alwaysf'ecling
c) whereyou have c) that take c) woulclf-ecl
d) rlrorcovcr[hereis d) are takclt d) a r eg o i n gt o b e l e l t

Five years ago, Mariano Minot was geft; bored in his saf'eancl securc bankingjob in
Mexico City. Just then a tiiend suggested
_(105)_ a new busincssmanulacturing
jcwcllt-ry. Mrriano was temptcd but realisedthere were risks __(106a)_____ fbr the
carcerhe had built ___(106b)__ 1br his young 1'amily.After a f-ewrestlessnishts.he
had a dream:he was lockedin an empty,airlessbuildingand was suftocatirrg.On waking.he
knew what _( 107)_. He resignedf rom the bank and startedthejewellerybusiness.

105. a) t h a tt h e ys t a r t 106. a) m o r e . . .t h a n 107. a) c a nb e d o n e

b) to start b) neither... nor b) hc had to do
c) that starting c) so high ... as c) might do
d) hirn he shouldstart d) not only ... but also d) he may clo

My childhoodmemoriesof tea are of times of crisis. Wheneverthere was a problem.rny

mother would prepare tea, hoping that drinking strong, sweet tea would hclp
_(l0B)_ the situation. Perhapsas a reactionto that image of tea. I turnedin my
teens,_(109)_ most of my contemporaries,
to drinking coff-ee. These were the
sixtiesand the era of espressobars. I drank coffee black, not becauseI liked rt that way but
becausenone of the smartpeople_(l l0)_ would ever dreamof puttingrnilk in it.
The stylepassedquickly and was replacedwith a succession
of new fashionsand modesof

53
behaviour.The imageo1'teatoday-(1 1 1)- with beinghealthconscious.Tea is a
'Green' which areregardedas unhealthy.
thing.unlike its alternatives,

l0B. a) improved 109. a) as

b) to improve b) like
c) improving c) the
d) so as to improve d) and

| 10. a) w h o h a v ek n o w n I I l. a) is associated
b) were known b) is ussociating
c) that I knew c ) w h e nt o a s s o c i a t e
d) knew that d ) w h i c ha s s o c i a t e s

JesscOwens. whosc lour gold medalsat the 1936 Olyrnpic Giirncsin Bcrlin rnadehinr
p e l h u p st h c g l c r t e s ta n d r n o s tf ' a r . n o ua st h l e t ei n t r a c ka n d f i e l d h i s t o r y . lll2t _
'fhe
a t t h c t i r n eo 1 ' h i ss u c c e s s .
n t u c hr c c o g n i t i o n victit-o n l r a c i a ld i s c r i r n i n a t i ol n
u r do 1 ' t h c
t i r n e s_ ( l l 3 ) _ _ _ h e l i v e d .O w c n su l t i n r a t c l cy r c a t e dh i s p l a c ei n h i s t o r yt h r o r " r shhi s
own inner couragcand deternrination.Today. nrore than fifteen years after his deirth.
Owens_(ll4)_ as a greatathlctcand also as sorrconcwith grcat rnoralintcgrit)'
who bclievedin the old-fashioncdvaluesof honestyiinclhard work.

I I 2. a) never received I 13. a) througlr I lul. a) r'crlerlbcrs to bc

b) whcrc hc rcccivcd b) whcncver b) was rcrncrnherc'rl
c) who had received c) in which c) r c n r e r n b c r sb e i n g
d) hc had rcccived d) during d) is renrernberecl

Julio Iglcsiasrs by f'ar thc most popular Hispanic singer in history. accordingto most
und SouthAnrericans._____(ll-5)___ in an upper-cltrss
E,uropcans suburbof'Mudrid. hc
to bc a diplomatby his l'ather,a well-knownphysician.Af'tcr scvcralyclrrs
wASencouraged
_(ll6)_ a t a l e n t e ds o c c e rg o a l i e ,h e w a s s e n t t o C a m b r i d g eU n i v e r s i t yt o s t u d y
l a w . I n t h e m i d - 1 9 6 0 ' sh, e w r s n e a r l yk i l l e d i n a c a r c r a s h_ ( l 1 1 ) _ _ _ a l m o s tt w o
yearsrecupcrating.The restreadslike a l'airytale:a guitargivcn to hirn in the hospital:the
f irst songsand studiorecordings;
and thenthe awardsand sell-outcrowcls.

ll5. a) Raising I 16. a) later 11 7 . a ) h a v i n gs p e n t

b) Raised b) like b) anclspent
c) To raise c) of c) a{'tcrwhich spcndin-s
d) To be raised d) as d) that has bcenspent

54
Gooclpersonalrelationsbasedon mutual trust and esteemplay a particularlyimportantrole in
cloingbusinessin Japan. The Japanese -(llB)- to understandthe finer points of
their own etiquette,but they like peoplewho try to conform. Most Japanesemealsconsistof
a seriesof small dishes. Naturally,the polite thing to do is to eat -(119)--, but
Japanesehosts_(120a)- if a foreigner-(120b)-
understanding that he
finds a particular dish unappetising. The custom of giving gifts to businessand personal
acquaintsncesis common in Japan. It is not necessaryto reciprocate immediately
_(l2l)_ it is customaryto give somethingback in due coursefor personalpresents
received from individuals.

I I 8. a) are not expectedby foreigners | 19. a) what one is ol'l'ered

b) expectthat foreigners b) thc thingsthat offer
c) as well as foreignersexpt:ct c) that arc otfbring
d) do not cxpectlbreigners d.t thoseto ol'l'er

1 2 0 . a ) w o u l d b e . . . h a de x p l a i n e d l 2 l . a ) d e s p i t eb e i n g
b) were ... would explain b) in order that
c ) i t r c. . .e x p l u i n s c) eventhough
d ) a r e. . . w i l l e x p l a i n d) unless

A: bad for us, Dr. Answay?

In what way is cholesterol
B: Wcll. we all need some cholesterolfor survival,but too much ol- it is bad for us. lt
builds up in our arteries,-( 122)-- them to get narrower,as a result ol' which
our bloocl supply has difficulty in getting through. This, of course,can eventually
--(f 23)-- a heartattackor stroke. The point -( 124\ - to Irtakc
here is that, even though we all need somc cholesterolto insulateour nt:rves.and to
proclucehormoues,the things-(125)- and even considerhealthymay end
in tl'rcoverproductionof cholesterol.Today. a lot of peoplc risk ---(126t-
their hcalth by consumingtoo much red meat, cheese,eggs, and so on, all of' which
increasethe cholesterollevel in our blood.

122 a ) m a k i n g 123 a) the sourceof 1 2 4 . a ) I try

b) causing b) be the resultof b ) is trying
c) resulting c) causedby v) I'm trying
d) having d) resultin d ) is to try

1 2 5 . a) many of us eat 126 a) havinglost

b) which are eaten b) losing
c) we have eaten c) to lose
d) someof which we eat d) lossof

55
To say that my father and I do not get on would be an understatement.The root of the
trouble is his attitudeto women, _(121)- as little betterthan domesticservants.
What is more, he doesnot believe_(128)- a formal academiceducation.havins
himself left school -(129)-- twelve and made his own way in the world"
Accordingto him, __( 130)__ continuingyour educationbeyondthe minimum age.
especially if you are a girl. He keeps pointing out that he has become a successful
businessman
_(l3l)_ the benefitof any collegeirpartfrom the'University of
I chose_(132)--
Life'. Nevertheless, my education,which markedthe br'grnntrrg
of a lons feud betweenus.

121. a) as they are regarded 128. a) that getting 129. ,t) oncc he hasbcen
b) who were regarded b) thosewho get b) at the age
c) whom he regards c) to get c) wherc hc was
d) that he regardsthetn d) in getting d) as soottas hc was

130. a) i t ' sn o g o o d l3l. a) d u et o 132. a) continuing

b) you shouldn'texpect b) without b) s o a st o c o n t i n u c
c) he doesn'tmind c) as c) toc()ntinuc
d) there'sno pornt d) befbre d) and continued

I'I'TS AS STATIJS SYMBOLS

Londonerswho happenedto walk along the Tharnesduring the rnid-thirtccnthcentury
_(133)_ a large whitc bear walking down to the river. __(134)-- bchind woulclbe rt
rnan,h6ldingthe bearwith a long leash.The man would sit on the riverbank---( 13-5)--- thc
bear,still attachedto the leash,would go into the waterand flsh for its dinner.
The bear__( 136)_ King Henry IIL Henry wantedto savemoney,so he had thc bearcittclt
its own food. The peopleof London --(137)-- his senseof economysincethey paid firr
the bear'stlxpenses.
Henry was not the first king to keep large pets. -(138)-, practicallyevcry royal head of
state from the beginning of civilization to the French Revolution seemedto want to own
animals_(139)_ - animalsthat were the biggest,the strangest,
or the tnostdangerous.

133. a) m u s tb e s e e i n g 134. a) Leaving 135. a) with afier

b) had beenseen b) Following b) while
c) might haveseen c) Leading c) therelore
d) had seen d) Pursuing d) if

I 36. a) looked 137. a) must have appreciated

b) possession b) usedto be appreciated
c) ownedby c) who appreciated
d) belongedto d) appreciating

56
138. a) In brief 139. a) ofgreat beauty
b) In contrast b) really beautiful
c) In fact c) whosebeauty
d) In addition d) as beautiful

Both the ancientEgyptiansand Chinesecollectedirnimals_(140)_ pleasure. Chinese

cmperorskept them in placescalled "parks of intelligence"whereasEgyptian royalty kept
monkeys.leopardsand _(l4l )_ a giraffbon the palacegrounds.
Birds, exotic and familiar. were popular in Rome. When Octavian defeatedMarc Antony in
battle,he was given aparrot_(142)_to say "Hail, Octavian,victoriousleader".Octavian
was very pleased___(143)_ he learnedthat the trainerhad also taught anotherparrot to say
'Hail.
Antony, victoriousleader,"_(144)__ Antony had won.
Not only did rich peoplekeep pcts, they _(145)__ therndo strangcthings. Napoleon's
wife Josephinehad an orangutanthat sat at her table in a coat. A Portugueseprincesswcnt to
the troublc of gettingzebrassinceshe thought_(146)_ pretty pulling the royal childrcn
in a little carriage.To her disappointment,she got no cooperation_(147)_ the z.ebras.
Owning and displayingexoticpetshascontinucdinto morc moderntimcs,but ovcr thc year-s.
it has becorneobvious that the care of exotic animals (l4B)_ spccializcdknowleclge.
(iencralfy speaking.neitherthe public nor thc cxpertsarc in _(149)___ ol.kccpingbcarsin
the backyardor lions in the living room.

140. a) of l4l. a) consecluently 142. a) hc traincd

b) at b) conversely b) traincd
c) in c) accordingly c) that trained
d) 1'or d) occasionally d) to train

143. a) a s s o o na s 114. a) in case 145. a) uscd

b) yet b) because b) wanted
c) although c) if only c) made
d) until d) unless d) took

1 4 6 . a ) i f t h e yl o o k e d 147. a) ol'
b) that it looked b) about
c) of looking c) fiom
d) they would look d) with

l4U. a) requiring 149. a) favour

b) which requires b) fbnd
c) requires c) aware
d) to require d) conscious

5'7
 The Mysterious Gift of the ProdigY
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart will be remembered as one of history's most famous chrld
prodigies.By rhe age of eight.he _(150)- in half the greatcitiesof Europeand was
_(151)-- his first threesymphonies.He died shortlybeforehis 36th birthduy.btrt tht'
world recognizeshim as one of the finestcomposers-(152)
For centuries, people have been amazed by children of -(153)---" Pianist and
composerFelix Mendelssohnhad composeda fair amountof music -(154)-- hc was
eleven. John Stuart Mill, the lgth-centuryBritish philosopher,--(15-5)--- Greek at
three. Successhas not alwaysbroughthappinessto prodigies,-(156)---. Whcn hc
was 20. John Stuart Mill suff'ereda seriousmental crisis. "It was -( 151)-, there was
nothing left to live fbr," he wrote years later. Other well-known prodigies hitve had
experiences -( I 58)- his.
A numbcrof history'srnostlimous prodigieshad sotnethingelse in comnrorl:- (159),---
lived very long lives. ComposerFranzSchubcrtdied at 31. ScientistBlaisePascaldicd bcl'orc
hc was 40.
Thoscwho have_(160)__ studicdtoday'sprodigrcshuveobservedthat lhcy livc ltltder
the greatweight ol'their loneliness.In school,they bccomebored,frustrated.and they do not
Ittempt _( l6 | )_ at all. lf ten-year-oldgeniuses-( 162 a)_-_-_-to univclsitics
becauseof therrmcntalabilities,they usually-(162 b)---- in sinccctrotiotrally.they arc
s t i l lc h i l d r e n .

l-50. a) would haveperformcd. l 5 l . a ) a b o u tt o w r i t e l-52.a) w h o e v e rl i v e d

b) would be pcrforrning b) beingwrilten b) t h a tl i v e s
c) had performed c) to be writing e) to hc liring
. d) had them perlonn d) just written d) o f ' t h el r v i n g

153. a) u n u s u a l l tya l e n t e d I 54. a) once l5-5. a) that had rerd

b) unusualtaleltt b) by the tirne b) whu read
c) a talentof the unusual c) whenever c) h a v r n gr c a d
d) talentsso unusual d) then d) rcad

156. a) a sw e l l 157. a) a si f l - 5 8 .a ) as
b) either b) so that b) s i t n i l a rt o
c) though c) eveniI- c) alrke
d) too d) otherwise d) the same

159. a) neither 160. a) just 161. a) to belearning

b) none b) probably b) learning
c) never c) closely c) learn
d) whoever d) still d) to learn

162. a) are sent... can'tfit

b) would be sent... couldn'tfit
c) had been sent ... wouldn't fit
d) were sent... don'tfit

58
Many children, as they enter adolescence,begin to turn to other teenagersfor af'fection.
_(163)__, and a senseof belonging. This can be a very difficult time in the lif'e of
prodigies. They know they are different,-(164)__ other teenagers.

"Nowhere_(165)_ friends- they all treatme like a creaturefrom anotherworld."

s a y s M a c R a n d alll,. H e t a u g h t _ ( 1 6 6 ) _ a n e l e c t r i c t y p e w r i t e r a t t h e a g e o f t h r e e .A t
lbur. he beganto write horror storiesand he recentlywrote a rock opera.

Although therehas been a fascinationwith child prodigies_(167)__. there has bccn

l i t t l e s e r i o u ss t u d y o l ' t h e m u n t i l r e c e n t l y . S o m c s u r p r i s i n gc o m m o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i cosl ' c h i l d
prodigies__(l68)__. The vastmajorityareboysand they are usuallyf irst-bornchildrcn
l'anrilics.Often, their parentsare pastthe usualchild-bearingage and nranyirrc
ol'rniddle-class
born by Caesarean
section_(169)__ by naturalchildbirth. Thcy ol-tenhavc parents
_(170)__ to be trying to realizethcir own arnbitionsthroughtheir amazingchilcllen.

A c h i l d m a y b e b o r n w i t h o u t s t a n d i n sge n e t i cp o t e n t i a lb. u t t h i s p o t e n t i a _l _ _ _ ( l l l t - ,
nccessarilydcvelop. "Just having the gene is not enough." says Harvard LJnivcrsiti-
t o w a r d G a r d n e r . " S o m e t h i n gi n t h c c n v i r o n m c n L
psychologisH (1721 thc
p o r e n t i a"l .

And although many prodigiesen.joythe satisfactiono1' extraordinaryachicvcnrcr']t.

public
praise.anclmatcriirlwcalth,evcn ___( 173)__ somctimcscllrcstionthc valuc ol'their livcs
"l havc a longingwhich grows _*(114)___
and accornplishments. as I get older : to bc
mccliocre the acclaimcdAtnericanconct:rtpianistEugeneIstomin.
." conf'esses

163. a) encollragement 164. a) a l s ot h e I65. a) I lind

b) encouragcd b) but hardlydo b) I have fbr-rnrl
c) cncouraging c) a sw e l l a s c) canI find
d) cncouragingly d) a n ds o d o cl) could be firr-rncl

| 66. a) how to usc 167. a) afterwards l6tt. a) t o h a v ei d c n t i f i e c l

b) hirnsell-
to use b) lbr centuries b) had becn idcntil'ying
c) the usesof' c) severalycars later c) who arc identil'ie d
d) him how he used d) aficr 1920 d) h a v eb e en i d c n t i f i e d

1 6 9 . a ) i r tc a s e 170. a) that seems l - l

ltl a) might not bc
b) ratherthan b) seem b) might
c) afier which c) who seem c) will not
d) as long as d) they seem d) will have

112. a) m a yb e n o u r i s h i n g I 73. a) when they succeed 114. a) sucha stronlJ

b) neednourishing b) the most successful b) as strongly
c) hasto be nourished c) they are more successful c) stronger
d) m u s tn o u r i s h d) thosesucceeding in d) the strongest

59
It has been reported that at noon each day. -(175)-- students at Princeton
Universitycome out of their classroomsand go to any convenienttelevisionset available.
They may be _(176)_ term papers,and so on. but
in homework assignments,
in
they still won't miss their favouritesoapopera.They will watch The Yourtgrtntl the Re.r|fu:.s.s
_( 111)_.
ln colleges across the United States,the daytirne serial drama known as the soap opcfa
_(178)_ " i n " . B e t w e e nt h e h o u r so f l 1 a . m .a n d 4 . 3 0 p . m . .c o l l e g eT V l o u n g e s
are filled with soap opera fans who _(179)- to seethe next episodein thc lives
of their favourite characters.Actually, soapsare more than a collegefad; they'rea youth fad.
One young working woman admittedthat she-( I B0)- a higherpayingjob since
it would meanhavingto give up watchingher favouriteserial.
The fact that so many youltgpeople---(181)-- the soapshas charrgcdsoapopera.
The mgst obvious difference now is in the age of the characters." lt scents they'rc
_( ll.i2)_ all my l'avouritecharactcrsand bringingin all thesenew young kids."
complairred one long-timcviewer.Now all showshave at leasta few charactersbetwecttthe
agcs of fifieen and twenty-five _( lB3)_____ cerrtral figures in the drama. Youttg
who find -(
peoplecan identifywith young characters l84)--- in situaliortssuch
cl'ises.
with parentsor carcer-identity
as conl-licts

l7-5. a) a lot more than 116. a) up to their ears

b) most of b) headover heels
c) as many as c) all lingersand thumbs
d) a large numberof d) tooth and nail

111. a) fascinatedsilcnce l7ti. a) had become

b) of silcnce
l'ascination b) t h a ti s h c c o m i r t g
c) fascinatinglysilcnt c) has become
d) silentlyfascinated d) to have become

1 1 9 .a) had to wait 180. a) pickedout

b) can hardlywait b) got over
c) hasbeenwaiting c) turneddown
d) can rarely wtrit d) carriedout

l 8 r a) that are watched I82. a) sortingout

b) who watch b) gettingrid of
c) would be watching c) steeringaway fronr
d) are watching d) sendingfbr

1 8 3 a) as 184. a) theirs
b) of b) those
c) with c) themselves
d) from d) them

60
David is dedicated---( 185)-- his job. For the last few years,he --( 186)- very

hard ro ger his =--(187)-- appreciation.But Mr. Ford, his boss, -(188)---- a

positive word about Dzivrd'swork. ----(189)-- he constantlylooks for somethingto

criricize.David woulclhave left his job a long time ago if it --(190)- for his family.

He has a large family -( 191)- support and he is afraid of what lif'e

__( 192)_. David doesn'trely ---(193)- his own strengthand energy.This

lack of self-conficlencepreventshim from making -(194)- attemptin that direction.

-(195)-, he just keepsmoving in circles.

I85. a) at 186. a) hasn'tworked 187. a) boss

b) rn b) worked b) boss'
c) fbr c) has beenworking c) boss's
d) to d ) i s n ' tw o r k i n g d) bosses'

I 88. a) neversays l89. a) In addition 190. a) wcre

b) hardlyevertells b) Nevertheless b) had becn
c) s e l t . l o nI nt c n t i o n s c) On the contrary c) wcrcll't
d) rarcly adds d) For example d) h l t s t t ' th e et t

l9l. a) for 192. a) brought 193. a) oll

b) in orderto b) will bring bt ol-
c) s o a st o c) brings c) to
d) ro tll h a sh r o u g l r t d) with

194.a) a 195. a) C)therwise

b) the b) Finally
c) any c) Similarly
d) some d) As a result

Mickey _( 196)_ his first novel whcn he -( 191)-- to Mary. She

__(l9B)__ A rnaster'scourscin economicsat the universityat that time and shehad onc
lnore year to complctethc course.Good revicwsof Mickey's book -(199)-- in t.trost

newspapcrs and magazines.Both of them -----(200) over thirty already.decidedto gct

rnarriedaf'terknowingeachotherfor only two months.
They ____(201)__ marriedfor nine yearsat the end of next month. but things itrc llot

_eoingvcry well. Mickcy -(202)- to Japanto do researchon his next book. He will
stay therefor a year. Mary is expectingtheir child in March. By the time he ----(203)-
the baby _(204) to do many things.Mary wants to shareparenthoodwith Mickcy.
Shecloesn'tlike havingto raisethe childrenalone.She thinksthat Mickey ought to spendInorc
is more important.
time with her and the children,but he feels his prof-ession

6l
I 9 6 . a ) hed beenfinishing 191. a) introduced l98. a) did
b ) wasjust finishing b) was introduced b) hasdone
c ) finished c) hed beenintroduced c) was doing
d ) hadjust finished d) was introducing d) had done

I 9 9 . a ) was published 200. a) being 201. a) are

b ) w e r ep u b l i s h i n g b) were b) havebeen
c) published c) are c) will havebeen
d ) were beingpublished d) had been d) had been

202. a) goes 2 0 3 . a ) will return 204. a) will learn

b) will havegone b ) returned b) will be learning
c) will soonbe going c) returns c) will havealrcaclylcarned
o) wenI d) had returned d) is going to learn

* '{: )k

Thc clock -(20-5)-- sevenjust as Mary --(206)-- her f-lat. Shc ____1201)_, _ ir
dif'ficultday lbr she --(208)- a Japanese her firm. Shejust hopednobody
group r.,isiting
--(209)- her in the eveningso that she-(210)_ a good night'ssleep. But as she
-(21 l)-- the bath,there-(212)_ a knock on rhe door. __(213)__ hersclf
in a towcl. she rushedto open the door. Robert.her boylitend,_(214)__ therc with a
boucluetof rosesin his hand. "Happy birthday"he said, 'Nobody
_(21-5)_ spenclrhcir
brrthdayalone. Conte on, ---(?16)-_ you out. I __(217)__ listcn to any cxcusers.I
(218)-- cnough of y()ur rclusals. Gct rcady quickly. O t h c r w i s e "t h c , y w i l l
,---(219)- thc tahle I booked at Chez Martin to somebody clse by the rintc we
(220)- therc.' Mary couldn'tthink of a reason-(221 )__ his oflcr. Shc surcl.
"l'hanks lbr the l'lowers. I know that you lclve rre and care for me, so rcl'usc
_(222)___
you'l -(223)-- herc 1br a momentwhile I --(224)_ nry bath. I prornisclwon'r be
llttc."

20-5.a) strikes 206. a) rcaches 201. a) had

b) struck b) is reaching b ) has
c) had struck c) wrll reach L,| had had
d) is striking d) reached d) was having

20u. a) would haveentertained 209. a) ring 2 1 0 .a ) can get

h) h a dt o c n t c r t i r i n b) rang b) c o u l dg e t
c) rnusthavecntertained c) w o u l dr i n g c) will get
dt s h o u l dc n t e r t a i r r d) was going to ring d) may gct

2ll. a) enters 212. a) is 213. a) She wrapped

b) had entered b) was ht S h cw l s w r l r ; l p r n r :
c) was entering c) hasbeen c) Wrapped
d) had beenentering d) had been d) Wrapping

62
214. a) standing 215. a) can 216. a) shall I take
b) who stood b) must b) I'm taking
c) was standing c) might c) let'stake
d) who had stood d) should d) I take

211. a) needn't 2l 8. a) have 219. a) be giving

b) don't b) have had b) give
c) couldn't c) had c) be given
d) won't d) am having d) havegiven

220. a) get 221. a) why sherejected 2 2 2 . a ) how can I

b) will get b) to have rejected b ) w h y w o u l dI
c ) hlve gotten c) that shercjects c ) how I can
d) got d) for re.iecting d) why I would

223. a) Sit 224. tt) am going to take

b) You will sit b) arntaking
c) Sitting c) w i l l b et r r k i n g
d) You sit d) will take

I m glad that thcre'sincreasingconcernaboutanimalrightsin our country. Whcrcasthcrc wcrc

__(225)____ orgitnizeclto dcl'end thc rights ol' attimltls
campaignsor clemonstrations
l'ive or tel yearsago. thcre ale now hunclredsof pcople dcterrnined-(226) --- thetr'

['m not talking aboutspeciesin rlangerof extinction,but aboutanimals--(22])--itt

the strects: cats ernddogs. A few days ilgo, we watcheda disgustingact of violencc agalinsta
streetdog on verriouschannelson TV and after ---(228)-- viewing, I f'elt pity fbr the
'fhe away with what
poor dog. garbagemen who "buricd" the dog alive ---(229)--
they'clcloncbecausethcy weren'tfbr-rnd guilty in court; but thrs incidcntlcd to a demonstt-atiotl
Iurclthe pegpletaking part were of the opinion that the men ---(230)---- punishcdso

thatsuchactsof violencewouldn'tbe repeated.

225. d) scarccly 226. a) in helping

b) hardlyany b) help
c) rarelY c ) for helping
d) hardlyanywhere d ) to help

221. a) where theYlive 228. a) each

b) whoselives b) all
c) that live c) both
d) when they live d) every

229. a) could get 230. a) had been

b) might havegot b) shouldhavebeen
c) were able to get c) may have been
d) could havegot d) must have been

63
David Your son Richard is very selfish.He neverhelps anybody.

Muriel Don't talk _(231)_ him in that manner. Afier all, he's _(232)__
a child.

David Let me remind you of a favorite sayingof your _(233)_.

Muriel I don't want to hear it. My father _(234)_ a lot of things _(235)__-
never actedaccordingto them.

David I disagree.He _(236)_ judgernents

sensible until that diseasestruckhirn.

Muriel You meanAlzheimer's?

David Yes. He _(231)_ his book on childrenif that_(238)_ to him.

Muriel By the way, the editing _(239)__ done on his book at the nronrent.thc
publishers____(240)___ me.

David parts'1
Who'scornpletingthe unl'inished

Muriel G c o l g c ._ ( 2 4 1 )_.

David George'?I don't think hc can ever be a substitute_(242)_ your I'ather.

Muriel I'm not sure _(243)_. Anyway, the publisherssay that by the tirne wc
corrmernoratethe third year of rny I'ather'sdeath,the book will _(241) _.
Georgc rang rnc a f-ewmirtutesago _(245)_ to persuademe to hclp hinr
with the manuscript.

David What exactlydid he say'?

Muriel "Mrs. Larrg,_(246)

David Well. were you persuaded?

Muriel No, I rel'usedto do it. but then hc added that he (241) lur a week
_(248)_ I changedmy mind.

David All right, backto Richardagain.

Muriel Look. he _(249)_ througha difficult period in his lile. I think we should
be patient___(250)__ him. I don'twant to hearany more on this subject.

231. a) of 232. a) yet 233. a) to father

b) 0n b) not b) I'ather's
c) tO c) still c) l'athers'
0) with d) such d) {'athers

61
234. a) had been saYing 235. a) and 236. a) alwaysmakes
b) was saYing b) but b) was alwaysmaking
c) has been saYing c) he c) had alwaysmade
d) usedto say d) d) has alwaysbeenmaking

237. a) may complete 238. a ) didn'thappen

b) could have cornpleted b ) wouldn't have happened
c) can'thavecompleted c ) could happen
d) mustcomplete d) hadn'thappened

239. a) is 240. a) will inform 241. a) ior example

b) is being b) inform b) on thc contrary
c) was c) hadjust informed c) of course
d) will be d) havejust informed d) b y t h ew a y

242. a) O N 243. a) also 244. a) be printed

b ) with b ) either b) be printing
to too c) havebeenprinted
d ) for d) neither d) print

2 4 5 . n ) tried 246. a\ your father'ssoul will restin peacci1'youhclp mc

b ) he tried b ) I openlyinvite you to hclp me
c ) trying L,|you nevcrhelp me with your l'athcr'swork
d ) and try d ) I think yoLrshouldhelp rnc

241. zt) is going to wail 248. tr) if 249. a) gocs

b) will wait b) in case b) wcnt
c) would wait c) since c) is goin-e
d) will be waitin-e d) ets d) had gone

2-50. a) for
b) at
c) to
d) with

Michael and Maria _(251)_ togetherfor thc last threeyears. They seernto bc very
happy. They -(252)-- while both o1'them -(253)---- for a TJNICEF
Thcy
project. MichaeI owns a small toy factory and Maria is a child-psychratrist.
___Q54) ro get marricd next year if' everything--(255)---- well.
Michael is thankful to UNICEF because if he -(256) there. he

_(257) Maria. Anyway, _(258) that experiencebehind,they are

now preparing for a happy future -(259) they can persuadeMaria's father.
farnily -(260)
and comesfiom a very conservative
Maria is half-Spantsh values
are quite drffbrentfrom the British ones. Michael and Maria -(261)---- to Spain in
order to get their consent. Michael cannotexactlyunderstandthe reason --(262)

65
Maria wants their permission.Michael's good fiiend Jos6, -(263)-_-- he spoke

concerninghis situation.says there is nothing to worry about. He says Michael s doubts are
rarher unnecessary.Jos6 thinks Michael is good (264)- persuadingpeople and he is
surethat all will end well.

251. a) lived 252. a) have met 253. a) are working

b) havebeenliving b) had met h) w e r cw o r k i n g
c) are living c) met c) workcd
d) live d) were meeting d) h a v cb e e nw o r k i n g

254. a) wish 255. a) go 256. tr) didn't work

b) hope b) goes b) had workcd
c) wished c) went c) hadn'tworkcd
d) hoped d) had gone d) worked

251. ir) would mcet 2-58.a) they left 259. it) in case
b) might not havetnet b) havingleft b) if only
c) wouldn'tmeet c) leave c) on condition
d) mustnot havemet d) he lcaves d) providcdthat

260" a) their 261. a) shouldhavegone 262. a) how

b) where b) mustbe going b) why
c) whose c) will haveto go c) that
d) those d) will be ableto go d)

2(r3. a) who 264. a') with

b) whom b) at
c) to whont c) in
d) that d) for

* t: >l:

It always __(265) rne wondt:rhow somewornenwork outsidcand at thc srttttctitnc

_(266) to kcep their housesin tip-top condition. Do they ---(261a)---- their
launrlry__(261b)- at homc'l
at a dry cleaner's?Or do they do thesethingsthetnselves
Such houseworkmust _(268) them to experiencestressand anxiety when thcy
can't cope with it. Some women may be able to afford to spend a lot of money on cleaning
services _(269) feel overworked. Others have no choice unless they
__(210) help. And of course,a husbandis the first personthat comesto mind to do
this.
265. a) lets 266. a) capable 267. a) send...clcatted
b) has b) manage b) have ... cleaned
c) makes c) how c) a l l o w . . .c l e a n r n g
d) helps d) succeed d) take ... cleaning

66
268. a) cause 269. a) to 270. a) glve
b) bring b ) in order to b) have given
c) due so that c) gave
d) result d) so as not to d) are given

Ralph -(271)- to haveentered,h" b*;"g at exactly8 a.m.The janitor at the door

cfaimed that Ralph _(212)_ the building before that becauseall the entrances
_(273) until then.Somepeoplethink that he _(274) haveslippcdinto
the buildingearlythat morning.-(275) the coroner'sreportindicatedthat the sales
manager_(216)_ between6 and 8 p.m. the previousevening.Therefore.Ralph
mustbe innocent.

211. a) tried 272. tr) could get into 273. ,t) lockcd
b) is expected b) w a si n b) had beenlockcd
c) is said c) w o u l d n ' tg c t i n t o c) w e r el o c k i n g
o) was able d) u o u l t l n 'ht l r v cg o t t c r irn t o d) lock

274. tt1 rnust 275. a) However 276. a) had bccn murdercd

b) might b) Despitethe fact b) must be murdcred
c) c a nt c) On the contrary c) couldn'tmurdcred
d) should d) Furthcrmore d) would bc nrurdcrcd

Williarl We had a good time at the picnic,_(211)_ we?

Anna Oh, yes. Il- only we _(278)___ some more food with us. I f'elt clLrite
hungryon the way back.

William Tomorrow'sexam is botheringme now. __(279) passthc languagetest

for the assistant
managers'7

Anna Well, ol-course.You are _(280) good at French. You ll passit with
f l y i n g c o l o u r s .I f y o u _ ( 2 8 1 a ) _ c l e v e r I, _ ( 2 8 1 b ) _ _ _ with you
now. I'm fond of brightpeople.

William Thanks. I wish you __(282)_ the exam fbr me tornorrow.

Anna Don't worry. You _(283) be anxious.Your Frenchis good enough.

271. a) hadn't 218. a) take 279. a) May I

b) had b) took b) CouldI
c) didn't c) had taken c) Will I be ableto
d) did d) havetaken d) Am I going

61
280. a) too 281. a) weren't... wouldn'tbe
b) enough b) aren't... won't be
c) much c) hadn't been... wouldn'thavebeen
d) very d) haven'tbeen... wouldn'tbe

282. a) take Z B 3 .a ) have to

b) could take b ) cant
c) will take c) could
d) had taken d) needn't

***

Last ycar. my fiiend Chris and I decidedto hitchhike to Gokova. We _(284)___, early
one morning and _(285) quite well from Ankara to Mu$a, _____(286) _ thc
sympatheticdrivers of the vegetabletrucks. Afier Mufla, we still made headway a.long
secondaryroadsbecausewe f-ellin with villagers __(281) horne so we arrived a1a
charminglittle village very pleasedwith ourselvesand our luck. Then, ___(2U8) it
was unnecessaryto set aside money fbr transportation.we spcnt rrost of our casl'r
__(289) a nice kilim. It __(290a) __ so bad if we _____(290b)
thc good sense to stay at that villagc overnight. Not us! We contiriucd. When wc
_,__(29l)_ more than a milc, we realized that the last o1' the villagers
_(292r)_ already __(2921r)___ home. Chris ____(293)
something like this, since without any hesitation hc spread ollt thc kilirn that wc
__(294) earlier and startedsnoring as soon as he _(295) _ down. I.
___(296) stayed up all night ___(297)__ to thc strangc noises of thc
wilderness.Chris _ (298)__ very sell'ish.sometimes.The next nrorningwhcn he
woke up. I said to Chris,"You sureare a soundsleepcr."He laughedgood-naturedly
and said.
"l am, _(299) ?" Cod saveus fr-orngood-naturedtravellingcompanions.

2t34. a) went on 28-5.a) succeeded

rn 286. a) thanksto
b) put up b) managed b) soAS
c) setout c) made c) so that we had
d) took out d) had d) owing

287. a) who returning 288. a) lbrgetting 289. a) on buying

b) returning h) desprte b) m e a n i n gt o b u y
c) were returning c) havingdecided c) neededto buy
d) who are returning d) decidingto d) 1orbuying

290. a) w o u l d n ' tb e . . . . h a d 291. a) were walking

D) c o u l d n 'b
t e .... had b) havingwalked
c ) wouldn't havebeen.. . . .h a dh a d c) had walked
d ) mustn'thavebeen.. .. had had d) have walked

68
292" a) have . . .. gone 293. a') could have expected
b) h a d. . . . . . g o n e b) w o u l d h a v eb e e ne x p e c t i n g
c) must.... go c) w a se x p e c t e d
d) c a n. . . . .b e g o n e d) m u s th a v eb e e ne x p e c t i n g

294. a) havebought 295. a) lay 296. a) furthermore

b) havebeenbought b) lain b) on the other hand
c) were made to buy c) laid c) besides
d) had bought d) lied d) on top of that

2c)l. a) listened 298. a) can be 299. a) I am not

b) listen b) shouldbe b) amI
c) fbr listening c) must be c) aren't I
d) listening d) is being d) didn't I

Andrew Have you heard thc news'l The art gallery next door ____(300) ____ Iast
night.

No, I haven't.Nobody was in thc galleryat the timc. _(301)_____ 'l

Jackson

Andrcw No, but still the owncr is very upsctbccausethe thievesstoletwo vcry valuable
paintings.Apparently,the alarmhe _(302)___ installcdclidn'tgo otf .

.lackson Do you think thc policc_(303) catchthe thieves'l

Andrew Well. thereis a good cherncc

as they weren't_(304) to wipe ol'f
their fingerprints.

Jackson I see, but __(305a)____ the police __-_(305b)_______ a crirninal

'/
rccordof'thesepeople

Andrcw Ycs and uo. lf they considcr the crime ilnporrunt cnough. thcy
_(306) always go through other files such as driver's liccnsc
applicationfbrms.

Jackson I hopethey_(307)_ actionimmediately.The longcr it takesrhem

to solvethesecrimes.the__(308;__ it will be lor our neishbourhood.

300. a) was robbing 301. a) was he 302. a) made

b) was being robbed b) were there b) had had
c) was robbed c) were they c) had to
d) had robbed d) wasn'rthere d) let

303. a) may 304. a) the cleverest 305. a) should . . . .. need

b) could b) tooclever b) w o u l d n ' t . . .n e e dt o h a v c
c) is going c) c l e v e re n o u g h c) c o u l d n ' t" . . . n e e d
d) will be ableto d) as cleveras d) need .... to have

69
a) needto 3 0 1 . a) would take 3 0 8 . a) better
b) should b) shouldtake b) worse
c) can c) might take c) best
d) must d) take d) worst

'70
VOCABULARY
A.
Mark the best choice.

1. Becky decidedto wear her green sweateron her first date,knowing that it would
w e l l w i t h h e rr e d h a i r .
a) go down c) go
b) -eetalong d) make

2. Sinceit was his first off-ence,the judge let him off with a light
a) statement c) verdict
b) sentence d) judgrnent

3. He triedto rndicatethathe wrs just ioking by --- at her.

a) blinking c) staring
b) fluttering d) winking

4. punishmentwas vcry comrlon in Britishboys' schoolsin the 1800s.but now it is

strictlyforbiddento eventoucha studenl
a) Corporal c) Verbal
b) Capital d) Suspended

-5. Gwcn is such an ice-skatingenthusiastthat she would lbr a tickct to an Ice

Capades show.
a) give an eye c) give her right arrr
b) stopbreathing d) cut olT her srnall l'inger

6. His rnotherscoldedJamcs."Don't rubbish.You arc embarrassing

Ine."
a) speak c) tell
b) say d) talk

1. Not happy about the verdict,the dei'endant'slawyers are planning to a highcr

court.
a) appealto c) try out
b) suet0 d) delendat

tt. Expertssay that every_- is diff'erent.This is indeedone of the wondersof nature.

a) snowfall c) snowflake
b) snowdrop d) snowball

9. The actor gave such a convincing_ that the whole audiencewas left in tearsat the
end of the play.
a) demonstration c) exhibition
b) perfbrmance d) play

10. Ciineyt Gokger has been on the stagefor almost 50 years.His daughter,Deniz, is also a
fine actress.There is no doubt in anybody'smind that she is _ .
a) trying to teachan old dog new tricks c) as old as the hills
b) carryingan old headon young shoulders d) a real chip off the old block

II
I 1. Danny could not avoid one of the major of small businesses.He started
borrowing money from individualsat high interestrateswhen he failed to pay his debts
a) handicaps c) pitfalls
b) rip-offs d) restrictions

are addedto breadto keep it from getting

12. Nowadayscertainsubstances
a) off c) fresh
b) rotten d) stale

1 3 . M r . S t r i c t .the mathsteacher,declaredat the faculty meetingthat he had down

the ground rulesduring the first week,so he couldn'tpossiblymakc any e x c e p t l o n s .
a) laid c) lied
b) Iain d) lay

is awareof the l'actthat the studentswish that attendanccwcrc not

14. The adrninistration

a) obliged c) compulsory
b) banned d) reinlbrced

roastbeef was so deliciousthat evcrybodytook sevcral

15. My grandmother's
a) helpings c) f'eeds
b) meals d) courses

that he had t:vcrythingundercontrol,it never

16. Whcn hc assuredrr-rc t() me thllt he
was lyittg.
a) appeared c) ciimc
b) occurred d ) clernonstrated

17. lt hasbeenpouringfor daysnow. I am surewc havc receivedmore than our rIVe

ragc
annual(yearly) already.
a) raindrops c) rainfall
b) th'iz.z.le d) downpour

18. Thereare somcmarvelloushotelson the southern of Turkey.

a) sea c) shore
b) beach d) coast

19. Madonna_ her singingcareeraftergiving birth to her baby and producedhcr

'Ray
l r t e s tC D . oI Light'.
a) stopped c) interrupted
b) resumed d) sacrificed
'Saving
20. Tom Hanksmay get his third Oscarfor his in PrivateRyan'.
a) performance c) show
b) act d) character

21. We watchedthe film sitting in the frrst and our eyesgot tired
a) aisle c) row
b) line d) file

'72
22. Some of the sky find the galaxiesvery interesting.
a) spectators c) commentaries
b) audiences d) observers

23. When I enteredthe room, I saw her painting a portrait on a huge

a) stone c) carving
b) cloth d) canvas

24. For drawingsyou rnainlyuse_.

a) charcoal c) wood
b) clay d) pottery

I belong to a large l'amily of five brothers*O tnr." sisters. I love thern all, but the one I lovc
most is rny brothcr Stan, who is the youllgcst. My other brothersand sisterssornetirnes
complainthat he is --(25) bccausehe tries to get everybodyelseto do what he wants
to do. Personally,I think he is just _(26)_, like me. Neither of us is preparcdttr
change his rnind when he has decided to do something. In the same way. hc is alscr
--(21 )-, and he won't leavc you rlottc' until hc' gets satisfactoryanswcrs to his
cluestions.I'm sure he clrivcshis teachermad. but Stan is still her favoulitc pupil. Maybc its
bccausche'sgot a rcal talentfor art. He is very __(28)__. and he'sdone somc wondcrl'ul
drawings.What I love most aboutStan,though,is that he is so __(29) ____. Most childrcn
arc quite posscssive.
especiallywith their toys, but Stan sharescverythingwith his l'r-iends.
evenwhen he doesnot set the sametreatmentin return.

25. a) sell-ish 26. a,) insecure 21. a) adaptablc

b) care-llee b) withdrawn b) shy
c) sarcastic c) stubborn c) content
d) timid d) cautious d) inquisitive

28. a) intolerant 29. a) immature

b) restless b) generous
c) irnaginative c) critical
d) trustworthy d) attentive

30. It took a f'ewminutesto tht: old woman afier she faintcd

a) allocate c ) revive
b) discriminate d) subsidise

3l . In many coulttries,inf'ectiousdiseasessuch as typhoid and cholera hatvebeerr

by the widespread useof vaccinations.
a) eradicated c) vacated
b) incorporated d) integrated

-31.It was an dilemma. There wasjust nothing he could do.

a) insoluble c) invaluable
b) illegible d) insatiable

l3
33. The governmentrefusedto with the unions over Davrisesfor civil servants
a) overlap c) inflict
b) facilitate d) compromise

3 4 . This documentis quite ambiguousand can be --- in severalways.

a) implied c) interpreted
b) persecuted d) hindered

3 5 Advancesin modern medicinehave extendedthe average of people aroundthe

world.
a) longevity c) expectancy
b) lifespan d) duration

3 6 . People have a tendencyto dislike rules, especiallythose which are wtthout

consultation.
a) restricted c) prohibited
b) banned d) imposed

The car had to be written off, so it was a(n)-- that no one was hr"rrt
in the critsh
a) trauma c) miracle
b) symptom d) assurnptiott

3 8 . It is naturalfor peopleto going back to work aftera long holiday.

a) dread c) prolong
b) deny d) keep

3 9 . Constantrevisionat home of material learnedin classhelps studentsto -- their

knowledge.
a) acquire c) overlook
b) consolidate d) undertake

40. wood is a physicallydemandingart

a) Painting c) Carving
b) Knitting d) Drawing

4 t . Sincewe were sitting in the front we were very near the actors.
a) aisle c) circle
b) stalls d) row

42. Let's drink somethingduring the beforethe third act.

a) gap c) pause
b ) interval d) episode

43. Clay is the main ingredientin the making of

a) pottery c) sculpture
b) canvas d) steel

44. The little girl is having a _ at the moment becauseher friend hasjust broken
her Barbiedoll.
a) phase c) flair
b) obsession d) tantrum

'74
zl5. Next week. it will be generallyrainy with occasionaldry -.
a) pitfalls c) trme
b) spells d) temper

46. Ali is a tourist guide who lives in Istanbul. He usually takes tourists for two or three
hour- aroundthe city.
a) journeys c) excursions
bl trips d) travels

47. Let'shurry or elsewe will missthe

a) car c) boat
b) bicycle d) taxi

48. ln Disneyland,thcreare sevcral lakeswith sailboatsand rowboatson thetn.

a) artificial c) imitation
b) false d) imagrnary

4(). In Las Vegas,most peoplespendthetr on gamblinga-{ain

a) payment c) earnings
bt winnings d) budget

-50.Bcing the son o1'a sheik, hc has monev in his bank account. He
doesn'tknow what do with rt.
a) inadequate c) good
b) remarkable d) lirnitless

5l . When the blouse she bought shrank alier the flrst washing, she asked for it

a) grant c) refund
b) pension d) rip

52. Do you expectmc to my lines in just two days'? I .justcannotplay

'Harnlet'at such short notice.
a) realize c) memorize
b ) remember d) recognize

53. Shameon you for giving me that check. The bank wouldn'tcashrt.
a) valuable c) allluent
b ) worthless d) generous

'Love' was a weak word for what he f'elt for her. Actually, it was that drove
54.
him towardsher.
a) affection c) passion
b) excitement d) intimacy

,55. Teenagersshouldn't take advantageof parents becausesuch parentstrust

them and don't want to hurt them.
a) calm c) lonely
b) happy d) tolerant

75
56. His of flying has causedhim many businessproblemsin hrs life.
a) disappointment c) depression
b) fear d) tension

57. People are getting more and more annoyedwith breaking telephonebooths
and park benchesin their town.
a) crooks c) vandals
b) thieves d) burglars

58. Deprivingwomen of top positionsin certainjobs is a good examplecl1'- - in this

country.
a) sexism c) pacifism
b) cynicism d) optimism

59. I think you nc-eda holiday. It'll do you -.

a) all over the world c) the world of good
b) for the world d) on top of the world

60. Today, Jack is . He broke his coffee cup, cut his face while shavingand
playedthe piano awfully.
a) all fingersand thumbs c) underhis thumb
b) a thumbnailsketch d) stickingout like a sorethurnb

6|.lfycluwllnttt)havehealthybones,youmusteat-products'suchasyogurtattd
cheese.
a) rnilky c) starchy
b) dairy d) spicy

62. As a pianist.his _ is brilliant,but I don't caremuch 1'orhis intcrprctittiott

a) technology c ) technical
b) technicality d) technique

63. His wife complains that she can't get a good night's sleep becausehe is always
his teethin his sleep.
a) grinding c) rattling
b) biting d) curling

64. lf a child doesn'tconsumeenoughprotein,his growth is

a) launched c) wrinkled
b) retarded d) broughtup

65. Mv sister is as stubbornas a Once she makes up her rnind, it is itlmosl

impossibleto changeit.
a) donkey c) post
b) goat d) mule

66. With his keen rnind, Alex is never distractedby trivia. He alwavs goes straightto the
of a problem.
a) importance c) core
b) priority d) citation

16
67. As Mary was unableto find her mistakein that sentence,I had to point __ her.
a) out it to c) to
b) it out to d) it to

6lJ. The new promotion programthey had proved to be very expensive.They had
to pull out of it or elsethey would havelost a lot of money.
a) outfitted c) launched
b) scoured d) grouped

69. Inflationwill neverbe broushtundercontrolwhile pricescontinueto

a) run c) heighten
b) glide d) soar

70. As my sisterwas _ the applesfbr a pie, a worm poppedout. You shouldhave

seenthe look of disguston her face.
a) fitting c) roving
b) coring d) makingout

7l . t put a 1'ewlogs on the fire, put a blanketover my shouldersand startedreadingmy book. I

was l'eelingas __ as a bug
a) cosy c) snug
b) slu_q d) proud

12. The diplomat rnasterfullyavoided answering the sensitivequestion by ___

changingthe subject
a) stupidly c) better
b ) l a p s i n gi n t o d) craftily

73. Mountainair doeswondersfor a person.Al'tera long night'ssleepin our mountuincottugc.

I wokc up feeling as fresh as a
a) rose c) f-lea
b ) kitten d) daisy

14. Anirnalson the whole are very to love. Even a stray cat will becomeyour
l-riendif you show her someaff-ection.
a) responsc c) responsible
b) responsive d) respondent

75. Many people believe that solar energy is really a _ alternativelor solving
Turkey'senergyproblem.
a) miracle c) prohibited
b) symptomatic d) viable

16. If the faminein Ethioniacontinues.thereis a real danserof mass

a) severance c) starvation
b) stability d) synthesis

1l . The residentsof the areaare the city council to stop the building of the new dam,
which will flood severalhistoric sites
a') prosecuting c) persecuting
b) petitioning d) violating

'7'7
78. Very old Central Asian customs are still in some nomadic communitiesin
Turkey.
a) extant c) prolonged
b) inf-licted d) revised

79. Georgehas openeda beautiful little shop which sells only electric household---- such
as washingmachines,toasters,and coffee machines.
a) appliqu6s c) applicants
b ) applicators d) appliances

80. My doctor'shandwritingis so _ that I usuallymake a note of the medrcinehe has

prescribedjust in casethe pharmacistisn't erbleto decipherwhat he haswritten.
a) eligible c) illegible
b) illogical d) illegal

Longwind's lecture,but I am cluitefarriliitr with the subicct

81. I am sorry I missedProf'essor
so I don't needto know everythinghc said;justtell me the --- points.
a) salient c) consolidated
b) traumatic d) subsidizcd

82. ln my estimation.Chuck thc stupidestmove ol' his lif'e when he vctocclthc

company'sdecisionto go public.
a) did c) took
b) had d) made

83. Children__ of'parentallovc usuallyend up bcing very strictparcntsthetnsel'u,es.

a) hindcrcd c) dcprivcd
b ) proliferated cl) recognized
'fhe
84. It was impossibleto dctect any car or sign on the road. had turncd
cvcrythrngwhitc.
a) slcet c) hurricane
b) blizztd d) tornado

85. When we ran out of pctrol,we wcre __ in the middle of the dcsertl'ortwo days.
a) strandcd c) stopped
b) trapped d) fbrced

E6. The wornzlncould hardly be lified from the sea.Apparently a shark had bitten
off her leg.
a) isolated c) aw['ul
b) freezing d) stricken

87. The video camerais on . You can startfilmine their conversation

immediatelv.
a) sale c) stand-by
b) application d) action

88. The Tower of Pisais . That'swhy it is a greattourist attraction

a) backlogged c) flawed
b) lopsided d) sullied

78
89. Andrew behindother studentsin expressinghis ideasclearly.
a) lags c) envrsrons
b) endures d) outstrips

90. Six hambursersand two bottlesof cola couldn'tsatisfyhis hunger"He

asked1or yet anotherhamburger.
a) infertile c) prolonged
b) arrant d) insatiable

91. There has been a surprising in the demand for cellular phones
Everybodywantsto own one.
a) continuum c) surge
b) nurture d) blob

r)2. Whether to use nuclcar energy or not is a --- 11-you use it. you risk
energy.
disastcr;if you don't,you lack necessary
a) metaphor c) paradigm
b) dilemnta d) stasis

93. We our way to the door and then ran out in order to escapethe burglars.
a) cdged c) grappled
b) receded d) infringcd

L)4. It's dil.ficultto a brokcn heart,so chooseyour words carefullvwhen

s p c r r k i r rt g
o hcr.
a) enrich c) mend
bt bestow d) spawn

95. AIDS hasbeenthe of the lasttwo decadesol'the twenticthcentury.

a) scourge c) slrog
b) llaw d) inversion

96. You'd bcttcrwake up and stepback into modernlif'e. You won't get anywherewith your
valuejudgements.
a) bankrupt c) calcified
b) salient d) recessive

91. When the pop concertwas over.the audience for more songs.
a) clamoured c) unsnarled
b) fared d) inflicted

98. We cannot such behaviorat school. That studentshould be strictly

punished.
a) condone c) dredgeup
b) conjure up d) cast

99. How to reconcile the difl'erent interest groups is the l s s u cl n o u r

program.
a) vibrant c) key
b) lucrative d) hasty

79
100. With all the reportersaround, it is difficult to maintain our privute
lives.
a) mandatory c) blessed
b) alienated d) prying
101.The approachto tax reforms won't pleasemany people becausethey
don't want to pay more taxes.
a) fatal c) freckled
b) hard-nosed d) petty

102. The swimming pool with its surroundingsis extremelypleasanton

hot summerafternoons.
a) indispensable c) rampant
b) l u s h d) disparate

103. A strongsenseof ethicsis the of a dominantcivilization

a) mantle c) bedrock
b) threshold d) panacea

104. I give you fi'ee with all the expenditureas long as thc cnd productis
pcrf'ect.
a) flak c) rein
b) crack d) umbrella

105. All his ideasare nothingbut a(n) . It is not worth readinshis books
a) buzzword c) crux
b) affliction d) sham

106. Alier years of his inefficientadministrationthey havc hinr out to

pasture.
a) put c) brought
b) taken d) sent

107. We shouldn't babiesof parentalaff'ection.

a) prolif-erate c) deprive
b) hinder d) prosper

I 08. I1'you buy that car,you alsoget a mobile phoneas a

a) gift c) partner
b) bonus d) device

109. I think you are losingyour on her; shedoesn'tlistento you any more
a) love c) boost
b) zrnger d) grip

I 1 0 . H e h u r th i s while playingfootball. He cannotwalk properly.

a) shoulder c) calf
b) wrist d) elbow

80
ill Thinking most people are fools and can easily be deceived is the worst possible
towardsmankind.
a) attitude c) method
b) idea d) style

1 1 2 She just sat there a l t d gossipwith the other women while the men
talkedbusiness.
a) did c) exchanged
b) talked d) spoke

I 1 3 . I t h i n k t h ec r i t i c s his lastplay. In my opinion,it was much betterthan

t h e ys a i di t w a s .
a) overcharged c) overestimated
b ) understaff'ed d) underrated

I 14. You cannot_ like that. Don't you havea heartl

your responsibilities
a) shrug off c) redress
b) donate d) own

I 15. What we want liorn you is to developa(n) attitudetowardsall the people

aroundyou. You arc not fair to them.
a) eye-catching c) unbiased
b) lcgal d) chagrined

I 16. After the court case,he was not permissionto leavethe ccluntry.
a) sought c) complied
b) granted d) extendcd
'fhis
ll7. has becomea(n) __ mistakeon the exams. Every year,thcy writc that word
the sameway.
a) prof'cssional c) individual
b) historical d) classical

I lB. She that I had stolenher note-book.

a) claimed c) agreed
b) boasted d) persuaded

I 19. I noticedthat at the meetinghe wzrsdrawing of peoplearoundhirn.

a) paintings c) sculptures
b) lithographs d) sketches

120. A(n) has to createbelievablecharactersso that they can come alive on the stagc.
a) playwright c) author
b) poet d) comedian

l2l . Each of a Wagneroperalastsnearlytwo hours.

a) act c) instrument
b) movement d) quartet

8l
122. The floor =- in under his very feet. He fell to the ground below breakingboth his
legs and one arrl.
a) went c) pulled
b) took d) gave

123. You are lt wasn'tme who deceivedvou, but your dearestfriend. Alex.
a) burning the candleat both ends c) gettingthe wrong end of the stick
b) jumping in at the deePend d ) b e i n ga t y o u r w i t s ' e n d

124. Don't worry, thosewoundswill in a week.

a) cure c) injure
b) heal d) operate

125. idil giret is a(n) pianist.Shewon a musicscholarshipat the agc of'nittc.

a) bright c) intelligent
b) irnaginative d) gifted

126. I can't understandwhy Ann at peoplcall the tirne. Docstt'tshc know it tnrtkcs
peopleuneasy'/
lr) gllnccs t) ohscrvcs
h) glimpscs dt stal'cs

127. Pleaseleavea fbr the watiterbefore we leavc.

rl) tl'e c) f-ine
b ) tip d) grant

l2u. Matt rs nearly__ so don'texpectany l'inancialhelp frorn hirn.

a) broke c) lneal'l
b) stingy d) gener()rls

129. You have__'- at leastten timesduring the last ten minutes. You nlusl trtlthitvc
sleptwcll lastnight.
a) dozed c) naPPcd
b ) snored d) Yawned
'f w i t h a n a s t o n i s h i npgl a n t o s o l v c
| 30. was in a crisisuntil Tom
he rnanagelnent
ir.
a) kept up
h ) c a l n cd o w n :l :il1':;'
l 3 l . D o n ' tw o r r y a b o u tm e . I'll somehowget ------ on whatevermoney that is lcft
a) bY c) away
b) over d) out

1 3 2 . C a n c e l a l l my appointments,Mrs. Matthews. Something very irnportanthas come

and I must be off all afternoon.
a) round c) down
b) across d) up

82
133. Sandradidn't acceptPaul'smarriageproposalat first, but Paul wouldn'tgive
Finally, she agreedto marry him.
a) out c) off
b) up d) away

134. He has-.._-- down with typhoid after drinking the water from that well.
a) come c) cut
b) kept d) lain

1 3 5 . G e r a l dj u s t doesn'tgo =- with their ideasand plans,so he will probablyresigtt

next week.
a) up c) down
b) along d) under

136.We out of money while in Paris, stt we sold our gold wattchesand
cameras.
a) spent c) ran
b) paid d) went

131. Bill hasstolensolrlemoneyfrom his fatherto pay his garnblingdebts

a) out c) off
b) in d) to

1 3 8 . Y o u w c r c b o r nw i t h a spoonin your mouth. You'vc alwaysgottenwhat

you wanted.
a) gold c) silver
b) big d) hard

1 3 9 . I n t h e g o o do l d days,they usedto call - to deliverbabiesat honle

a) midwives c) nurses
b) specialists d) patients

t40 me to give you back the money when we arrivc there. I'nt terribly
absent-rninded.
a) Rccollect c) Remember
b) Remind d) Ask

l J l . T h i sp a i n t i n gi s _ - o n e m i l l i o nd o l l a r sb. u t h e i s s e l l i n gi t f b r h a l f a m i l l i o n
a) worth c) cost
b) priced d) valued

142. Most shopsspenda lot of money on their window becausethen they scll
a lot more goods.
a) exhibitions c) shows
b) demonstnttions d) displays

143. The relationshipbetweena landlordand a has always been a fragile one.

a) neighbour c) visitor
b) tenant d) resident

83
144. Jack and June their engagementwithin a week of decidingthat they were
not meantfor eachother.
a) halted c) ended
b) stopped d) completed

145. Let's buy a housewith your from the horseraces.

a) investment c) income
b) earnings d) winnings

146. How many - do you eat for lunch'/

a) meals c) plates
b) courscs d) foods

141. lf you ask hirn.he will help you ___. He is sucha kind person.
a) readily c) carelessly
b) vividly d) unbelievably

l48. I had a(n) of her in the crowd and tollowedher, but shernanagcdto flee.
a) glimpse c) view
b) observation d) glancc

149. Mrs. Gaudy looked totally out of when she showed up in a bright yellow
dressand huge silver earringsat the funeral.
a) place c) this world
b) sight d) mind

l-50. The twins are so alike that it is impossibleto thcm apart

a) say c) tell
b ) understand d) decrcle

l-51. If the governmentcontinuesits presenthousingpolicy. it is likely to come

c o r t s i t l e r a bol cp p o s i t i o n .
a) under c ) on top of
b) aroundto d ) up against

1.52.Albert is going to the questionof properrubbishdisposalat our residents

associationmeeting.
a) rise c) raise
b) bring d) lay down

153. Color-blindpeopleoften find it difflcult to betweenblue and green.

a) separate c) compare
b) distinguish d) contrast

154. When I returnfrom rny holiday,I shallhaveto with a lot o1'work

a) catchon c) makedo
b) catchup d) make up

u4
155. With the worsening inflation, most people are beginning to have difficulty in

a) tighteningtheir belts c) going head over heels

b) keepingin touch d) making ends meet

156. I am afraid you missedthe ___ of my argument.

a) topic c) concept
b) point d) subject

157. Mr. Hobbler, who lost a leg in a car accident,hasnow beenfitted with a(n) _______ l"g
a) artificial c) substitute
b) extra d) imitation

158. It was impossiblefor the studentto work out the answerto the question.so he just gavc

il) out c) up
b) away d) into

B.
Choosethe word or phrase which is closestin meaning to the underlined word.
l-59. The assistantmanagerwas given the oneroustask of organisingthc company'sannual
conf-crence.
a) viable c) momentous
b) burdensome d) mandatory

160. Peopleliving in rural areashave to p_U!_Up_wtb

poor public transport
a) dependon c) expenence
b) complainabout d) tolerate

| 6l . A vote in parliamentof two-thirdsin 1'avour

is requiredto amendthe constitr-rtion.
a) confinn c) alter
b) abolish d) reject

162. The resultsof the inquiry indicatedthat the flre had been starteddeliberately.
a) accidentally c) naturally
b) suddenly d) intentionally

163. Therearecountlesstiny villageslocatedin thesemountains.

a) isolated c) various
b) ruined d) nurterous

164. He lookedat his watchhastilvand decidedit was time to leave.

a) quickly c) occasionally
b) secretly d) carefully

165. His aunttold him shedisapproved

of his conductthe previousevening.
a) behaviour c) criticism
b) rudeness d) speech

85
166. The plane vanishedas it was flying over the Atlantic Ocean.
a) exploded c) disaPPeared
b) dropped d) accelerated

t67. The refugeesin the war suffereda greatdeal of deprivation.

a) violence c) illness
b) loss d) Pain

t6B. He tried to get official approvalfor his schemeof building a sportsfacility in the rnidclle
of the naturereserve.
a) amendment c) alteration
b ) sanction d) assumption

169. The experiencedpolitician steeredaway from the journalists' questionson the latest
scandal.
a) abolished c) avoided
b) appointcd d) resPonded

170. Wc received invaluablchelp l'rom our studentswhile wc werc scttitlg Llp oLlr llew
cornputerccnter.
a) worthless c) without value
b) valuable d) exPensive

l7l. He walkedinto the room with a somberexpressionon his face.

a) joyful c) exPlicit
h) gloorny dt c()mpctcnl

112. If you want your new companyto p]])lp_9l.yoLlI.nusttry and find loyal illvestors.
a) alter c) thrive
b) continuc d) Proceed

173. She inheritedher propensityto talk too much fiom her rnother.
l r) i . r m n c s l . y c) inclination
b) gcne d) trendiness

hasannouncedthat malariahasbeenvirtuallywiped or.rt

114. A HealthMinistry spokeswoman
in Turkey.
a) eradicated c) left out
h) vacated d) undertaken

175. Aunt Petuniasrniledserenelvat us and saidnothing.

a) stupidly c) meaninglessly
b) cahnly d) knowingly

176. The lectureron Bolivian literaturewas brilliant.He broughtup a lot of interestinepoints,

but I'm atraidI couldn'ttakethem all in.
a) accomplish c) adapt
b) adopt d) absorb

86
C.
1.
Complete the following sentencesusing the words in the box. Do not change the
form of the words.Thereare more wordsthan you need.

disposeof susceptible prolong

findings innate inflict
nurture contract recording
endure integrate dilate

I. is low, a personis
Whcn the body'snaturalresistance to inl'ectionby
differenttypeso1'bactcria.

2. A balanceddiet and regularexcrciseare both thoughtto help ------ lif'c

3. Accordingto the of the study,childrenunderthe ageof five who watch

violentT.V. programsare very likely to grow up to be violentteenagcrs.

1. In developing countries with inadequaternedical facilities, patients ofien havc to

the pain ol'seriousoperationswithout the aid of anacsthcticor l.ruin-
k i l l i n gd r u g s .

-5. Laws of physicsarebasedon the fact that gilses- falls.

as telnperaturc

(r. Chcrnicalcornpaniespolluting local rivcrs will bc firrcedby new govcnllrcnt rcgulatiotts

to thcir wastewithoutdamasinsthe environtnent.

1. l'hc basiclevel ol- intelligencein hunransis ____ but thc ability to usc 1l'lrl
potcntialis ercatlyinl'luencecl
by cnvironmental I'actors.

2.
Complete the following sentencesusing the words in the box. Do not change the
fbrm of the words. There are more words than you need.

diversity deliberate odour

coherent discriminate random
chilling demise flaw
thrive dilemma enrich

l. Theonly in his characteris that he loseshis temperverv quicklv

2. I'm facing a serious . I promisedto go to my friend'swedding but I

fbrgot that it's on the sameday as rny mother'sbirthday.and my farnily will be reallyupset
if I don'tgo out to dinnerwith them. What am I going to do'l

3. She gave a very explanationof the government'scurrent ecor.rornic

policy, so therewas no needfor the audienceto ask her any questionsat the enc.

4. It is strangethat althoughhe is very proud of his CD collection,he doesn'tkeep thern in

any order at all. He just leavespiles of discslvins on the floor.

87
5. The of her uncle was an unexpectedblow. He was old but had seemed
in perfecthealth.

6. It may seemold-fashioned,but readingbooks on a wide variety of subjectsis the best way

to the mind.

7. We have very high expectationsof our employees,so everyonewho works for us ntust be
able to in a stressfulenvironment.

3.
Complete the following sentencesusing the words in the box. Do not change the form of
the words. There are more words than you need.

obsession violate deprive

indi ble condone

l. of drugs in principlc,thcy lcar

Although many governmentsfavour the decriminalisation
that it would the use of addictivesubstances.

2. In my work, a computerts . There'sno way I could managcwithout it

3. American inspectorsare regularly sent abroad to ensure that other countries dtt nttl
internationalagreementson chemicaland nuclearweapons

4. Mark's interest in keeping fit has become a(n) . He just can't stop
talkinsaboutit.

4.
with the correct word fiom the list below. Use each
Completethe following sentences
word only once.
There are more words than you need.

aggressrve assessment sensitive

freckles wrinkles bad - tempered
extrovert tid selfish

I. Atn) personis difficult to handle. You don't know where you arc wilh
him.

2. He is so that he thinksthe world revolvesaroundhtm.

3. Mary likes people and going to placesand hatesto stay at home. In other words, she is
a(n)

4. Such behaviorwill land him in troublewith the policesomeday.

5. Leadersshould be competentin their of other people'scharacters.

6. You shouldnt talk to her like that. She is very and easilygetshurt.

1. You can estimatea person'sagefiom the on his face.

88
5.
Complete the following sentenceswith the correct word from the list below. Use each
word only once.There are more words than you need.

unwind roved responsive

lapsed bland soared
retard tossed dawned
core zest sedenta

l. The officials' reaction to the situationdisturbedmany of us - after

all. we were in serioustrouble and strict measureshad to be taken at once

2. Recentstudieshave shown that work leads to physical as wcll as

psychological
disorders.

3. As soon as he enteredhis hotel room. he his suitcaseinto a corner.and

rang the room servicefor somethingto eat.

4. You are wastingtirnediscussingtrivial matters.What you shouldactuallydo is get to the

of the problem.

5. As the sleepingpill beganto take effect, she into heavy sleep.

6. With the inventionof the printingpress,a new era in humanhistory

7. Sallyis highly to compliments.so you should praiseher work now

and then to rnakeher work better

6.
Complete each of the following sentenceswith the correct word from the box below. Use
each word only once. There are more words than vou need.

cautious devastated withdrawn

tended stubborn embers
immature blaze inquisitive
adaptable stampeded balanced

l. l'he that startedat the drug tactory in the south o1'thecity soon spread
to nearbybuildings.

2. She was trying not to sound but I could see that she was dvins to
learn all the detailsof the divorcecase,

3. Don't worry about Kenneth taking the children for a drive - he is a very
driver.

4. The elephants,frightenedby the noise of the explosion, tramplingon

anythingin their paths.

89
-5. Those twin brothers look exactly alike but are so different in charactcr: Deniz is an
outgoing, lively boy while Cenk is overly sensitiveand -

6. After her boyfriend stormedout of the room, she sat there for a long time. staring at the
of the fire.

7.
Complete the following sentencesby matching suitable verbs from box A with suitable
phrasesfrom box B.

A ts
shrug put your neck your foot down
learn your shoulders
see risk bv heart eye to eye

l. Paul lcft homc last month iind movcd tcl a small tlat ncar his school as hc dicllt't
with his parents

2. I think you should try to thc poerns ol- John Kcitts

to
. He is considercd be one of the greatestEnglishpocts.

3. For God's sake don't iust ! Sav what vor,rthink about tltc
problcm.Your indiffercnceis so annoyll'lg

4. You shouldn't fbr Julie. That ignorant,two-l'rtccdgirl is not

worth it.

-5. You must i f h e a s k s t o b o r r o w v o u r c a r a c a i n . I ' t n s t t r c l ' t cc i t l t

car.
to buyat leasta second-hand
al-lord

8.
Fill in the blankswith the appropriatewords from the box. Useeachonly once.

acquisition flourish integration

zest might impending
diversity soar internalized
facilitate wipe out retard
doom dawn craftily
foster

+ The(l) of diffbrent groupsinto a whole is necessaryin every society. It

requiresthe (2) of Herculeson the part of the politiciansalong with
(3) fbr the work they'redoing.

* If people want democracy to (4) , all should cooperate t0

(5) ignoranceand concentrateon the (6) of knowledge

x The (7) danger of the warming up of the world may lead to the
(8) of mankind.

90
I Taking enough proteins (9) the growth of infants; on the other hand. a
diet that lacksproteins(10) their srowth.

* The(l 1) of opinion on this issuemakes it difficult for us to arrive at a

decision.

>F A new age of electronicshas (12) on the world. Nothine will ever be
the same again. Let's hope it (13) better relationshipsamong human
beings

* Desprte inf-lation(14) to a record-high,some bureaucratsare still

(15) t
dcl'ending h c m s e l vcs

x It rs when children( l6) the valuesof their immediateenvironmentthat

they becontetruly socialized.

9.
Irill in each blank with the most appropriate word from the list. Use each only once.

scarce disorientated trampled prime motive

appalling validate predisposed leprosy rage
tansible distortion random blaze

|. The l'actsdon't his theory. So he shouldstartall over again.

2. She is to be criticalbecauseher nrotherused to critrcizcher a lot when she

w a sa c h i l d .

3. was given to a
The cluestionnaire sclcctionof peoplc liolr dilllrcnt irge
groups.

4. lt is common 1'orthe media to get away with ol'the facts.

5. Do you have evidcnceto provc your point'l

6. The conditionsin which they live are ['ve never seen such Dovertv itt
my lif'e.

1. Jackis the suspectin the murder case.

8. I l'eel irndcan'twork today. I supposc'Istill have.jetlag.

9. The outbreakof a fight at the I'ootballmatch causedpanic and more than twenty people
wcrc

10. The bombing of the bazaarcauseda which went on for severalhours

destroyingmany shops.

ll. victims used to be put togetherin campsor on remote islandsin the

past.

9t
I 2. Snakesare in the north of the countrv. but thev are common rn the
south.

1 3 . W h a ti s y o u r for trying to separateher from her son'/

l4.Don'tspeaktohimnow.Heisina-.Heisswearingateverybodyaroundhim

10.
Fill in the blankswith the oppositesof words in bracketsby usingprefixes.
I don't want to show ( I ) (respect) but your ideas are quite
(2) and (-1.1
(relevant.l (logical).We cannotpossibly

accepta(n) (a) (rnature)approachto such an importantproJecl

ll.
Complete each sentencein the pair with the same word.

l. a) We may bc biased,but our studentscomparcdwith their in othcr

universitiesappearto be more sophisticated.
b) My son is a very sensitivechild. When I come home,he anxiouslY- at Iny
face to determinemy mood.

2. a) Early historianswere people who lived in the palace.They enteredcvery cvcnt in

official which they later usedas the basisfor their hrstorybooks.
b) I f-eelchilly. Could you pleasethrow a f-cwmore on the firc'l

3. a) My rnotherused to every book and magazinethat cantc to oltr htlttsc

before shewould let us readthem.
b) His latestplay will be adaptedfbr the If all goes well, he may bccomca
famousman in Hollywoodovernight.

4. a) If you go on like this in the same of mind, you'll never

understandmv side of the story.
b) Sheput his picturein a and hune it on the wall.

,5. a) Now proceedand the programas we plannedit.

b) l t i s a s a dt h i n gt o a humanbeingas a punishment

6. a) Marilvn Monreedied at the of her film carccr.

b) The mountaineersfinally reachedthe of the mountain and

plantedtheir natronalflag there.

92
12.
Find the opposites for the following words using the correct prefix.
e.g._in soluble

l. _ respect

2. _ legible

3. _ rational

4. _ behave

5. _ polite

13.
Fill in each blank with only one word.

l. They have just been kicked out of their house becausethey couldn't pay the rent. Now,
thcy are looking the possibilityof going back to their village

2. Wheneverwe do somethingwrong collectively,I am always out and get

punrshed.

l. If you help rne in this matter, I'll write your debts.

4. You'd better to your own kind. Those new peoplc in your liI'e won't do
you any good.

5. His conditionis gettingworse;I think we should {br his son irnrncdiately

6. I tried to put him at his by telling him there was nothing to worry
about;the examinationwould be easy.

I. I personally believe that eating onions doesn't do anybody any but

peoplesay it has beneflcialeffects.

8. They all wantedto pay her a by tellingher how cleverand well-drcssed

shewas.

9. No one hasmadea to stop the governmentfrom passingthat law

10. He yells and threatens

everybody,yet no one him seriously.

I l . P a u li s c r a c k i n g all the time,but nobodythinksthey'refunnv.

12. He always does whateverhe wants to do and I cannot change his rvays. He is as
asa

13. Thanksfor pointing my error. Otherwise,I would have made a fbol of

rnyselfat the seminar.

14" Deborahcannot see anythingat all without her glasses. She is as

93
D. WORD BUILDING

1.
Fill in eachblank with the correct form of the words given in brackets.
Alex's self- 11.1 (confident) is really at its peak becauseof this recent
To his wife's(2)
success. (amaze),he is even consideringtaking paft in a
TV 1-3) (commerce).One cannothelp but wonder how he is going to gct
o v e rh i s ( 4 ) (shy)

2.
Use the most suitable form of the word in brackets.
lt rs very normalfor pre-schoolchildrento have (l) (irnagine)friends.
My little niecehas
To an untrainedeye. thesekids look as if they are talking to themsclves.
such a friend. Guess who'l Michael Jackson! She does quite a (2)--_-_-_-_-_-
(vary) of thingswith hirn: f-eedshim, playswith him and evenfights with him, which is not a
nrre 1-3; (occur). When that happens.they break up and she gets
(4) (increase) moody and eventually (5 )
(depress). with him is very real to her.nobodyclares
SinceMichaeland her relationship tcr
tcaseheraboutit.

3.
Fill in the blankswith the correctform of the words in parentheses.
T h e r cw a s a n e n g i n c( l ) (lly)
(fail) in thc plane.so our (2)-'-_-_-_-_--_------
was clivertedto a small airport.Aftcr a rough (3) ( l a n d ) . w c w c r c u s k c c lt o

l e a v ct h ep l a n cq u i c k l y1 o ro u ro w n( z l ) (salc).

4.
Usethe mostsuitableform of the word in brackets.Do not usethe givenword.
(l) (addict) to that drug gradually changes onc's
t) \ (person).The personbecomes(3) ( i n c r e a s ea)f r a i do l
thc world nround hirn and becornes(4) (resent)towardspeopleclose by.
He prcfcrs to sit in a (5) (dark) room by himself and hatcs to bc unclcr
(b) (observe).

f,.

F'ill in the blanks with the appropriate build-up of the underlined words,

I. Being a sportsman, with

I think your behaviouris totallyincornpatible

2. Don't be nervousplease. in the examwon't get you anywhere.so

t r y t o c a l md o w n .

o,1
3. So you want me to p4y in cash. I don't think you should make difficulties over the
of a 3O-dollarelectriciron.

4. He was inrprisonedfor stealingtwo eggsfrom a grocer's. The next day, the media made
a big issueout of his

6.
Fill each blank with a suitable form of the word in brackets.

l. Political partiesfrequentlymake (modify) in their policiesto meetthe

standardsof the day.

2. He doesn't (qualification)to be a teacherbecausehe doesn'thavc a

degreein teaching

You'd better (claril'ied)the meaningof what you'vejust said. Othcrwise

I won't speakt o y o u a g a l n .

4 . Do you have to eat at a ( specification)tirne'l

5 . Thc (horrify)o['thecarthquakestill remainsin their minds

7.
Complete the fbllowing sentenceswith the correct words from the list below. I)o not
forget to put the word you chooseinto its correct form where necessary. Use each word
only once. There are more words than you need.

derision recessron
lnverslon flaw bankrupt
enrichment clamour
trend

The high rate of inflation led to the ol' mauy slnall

b u sn
i esses.

2. The memoryo1'theterriblcinciclcntbegantcl with tirne.

3 . The olan vou have made to deal with the crisis is . Unlcss
you find a way of improvingit, it is likely to resultin failure.

4. Metaphorsand cliches are commonly used by authorsto

p r e c eo I w n t l n g .

5. It is expected that economic development will due to

inefficientmanagement.

6. This is the avenuewhere nisht clubs and restaurantscan be

found.

7. He startedto his way towardsthe door when he realisedthat

he didn't have enoughmoney to pay for the food he had ordered.

95
8.
Usethe correct form of the words given in brackets.

1. (intelligent)is a god-givengift fbr a human being

2. His approachto the role he playedlacked ( sincere)

3. (lonely)finally drovehim to commit suicide.

4. Many social ills can be preventedby better (educated).

9.
Fill each blank with a suitable form of the word in brackets.

I. He lifted the tablewith a touchof his hand;it was really (miracle)

2. You must handle electrical (apply) with care becausethey arc cpritc
sensitive.

3. On somebananir (plant)in tropicalcountriesthey use a very conrplex

irrigationsystem

4. I don't have to get everybody's ( a p p r o v e )i n o r d c r t o d o w h l t t I w r r n t t o

do.

10.
F'illin the blankswith a suitableform of the words in brackets.

1. His mental (secure)rnakeslif'edil'{'icultfbr hirn and othcrs

2. Your help in this projectwas (valuc). I cannotpossiblypay you back

3. Going therc and shaking (count) hands is not rny favorite wav ol
s p c r r d i ntgh ee v e n i n g .

1. Thc threecompaniesmadean agreementto (solid)their power.

96
CLOZF' TEST

Fill in the blanks with ONE word only to complete the following texts. Contractions (eg.
isn't, they're) count as one word.

1.
My family and all therr pets,s1xin all, including my father'stemperamentalp a r r o t" H u y l u " ,
had a fabuloushohday u p ( 1 ) Mount Nemrut this year A holidav at a
nrountain(2) was a new experiencefor the family

When I w a s a c h i l d w e ( 3 ) to have our holidaysin my dad'slittle village

on the southern ( 4 ) of Turkey. It was just wonderl'ul! We
(5) spendhourshy thc sel: s w i m m i n g p
, l a y i n ga n d b u i l d i n gs a n dc a s l l e s
with all our cousins. Later,when our peacefulvillagebecamea major touristattrrrction.
wc
stoppedgoing there becausethe traffic becantea seriousdanger(6) the
youngerkids in the lamily.

t h i sy e a r .
It was my ever-wisemom who cameup with the brilliantidea to try the mcluntarns
My ftrtherwho is a personset in his ways. (7) to resistalnrostany new
idea. As always,hc nradc all kinds of excusesbefore he reluctantlyagreedto t h i s n c w
" advetrture".

You won't belicvcthis. but wheneveranybodyasks,"Wasn'tit wonderful'J".Huvlu. sccrctlv

tlrtoredby rny father,replies,"Yes. lt was but therei s r r l w u y sr t l o r n( 8 ) _ _ _
improvcmcnt.".That parrotis (9) gettlngon everybody'snervcs

2.
How longdo yougo to schoolif you ( t ) i n S w e d e n .A s l o n g a s y o u w i s h l
In Sweden,you arc (2) too old to lcarn sorncthinsncw. While adult
(3)
education becomemore popularin many countriesaroundthe world,
Swc'denis 14) a leader in this area of education. Maybc it is those
(-5) Swedishwinters. More than three generationsago, Swedishadults,
(6) with endless cold nights, began forming studv- t'irt'les.
(1) gathered informally to talk about subjects ranging
(lJ) Egyptian art to foreign languages. Later. during the 1930's
(9) attracted enough popular support, the study circle became
(l 0 ) issue of national policy. In other words, these Swcdes
(ll) not just created a society (.12; liberal arts
students.Todav.Swedishadulteducationis (13) concernedwith jobs and
there are special training courses that (14) from one week for an
i n t r o d u c t i o( n1 5 ) desktoppublishing,to 28 weeksfor businesseconontics.

97
(l 6 ) COUTSES are offbred at 100 sovernment funded
(17) nation-wide.WaldemarSandbergattendsa courseat such a centerin
Stock h o h n . ( 1 8 ) the age of 52, Sandberg had lost h i s j o b
(le) of Europe's recession,but he is not (20)
worried yet. The governmentis paying (21) tuition --aboutS 12600for
28 weeks -- (22) Sandbergcan learn modern accountingand computer
skills. (23) he needspeaceof mind to benefit (24)
the program, the governmentalso pays Sandberga respectableliving allowancc. He hopes
the training will (25) him get a job as a finance dircctor
(261 a Swedish company. "It is a cost for the governtnenl.
(21) it is also an investmentfor society and if you rnake an overall
nt rnight even (28)
calculationthe governme a profit." Sandberg
dccIares.

The Swedesinsist that they are making a smartdecision about (29)_ ______ to
spendlirnitedfunds. The country(30) spendvery rnuchcashon bcncfits
tbr (31) unemploycd.but it lavishesmoney on training programsand
grantsfor trainees. "We recognizewe have to take (32) o f ' t h ep e o p l ei n
our society,but they rnight as well do something(33) " says Bcrit
Rollcn,Directorof Sweden'sNationalEmploymentTrainingBoard.

3.
wondcrif otherpeopleget as irritatedas I ( I )
I sometimes by theso-callcd
hygienicwrappingso i ( 2 ) householditerns sold irr thc shops tocluv.
(3) the most insignificantitcrns are so (4)_____ wrappecl.
s i b l e( 5 )
sealeclclr otherwiscrnadeinercces o n c w o u l d i m a g i n ethc wholc
purpose (6)__ J u s t keeping them permanently on clisplay
(7) Once,(B)
than sellingthem to the customers. so long
ago, we were a b l e to (9) biscuits and rice fiorn o p e n s a c k s l n d
b a r r e l s .l 0
() could see,t o u c h a n d s m e l l ( l l ) wc were
buying.There was never any hurry; we u s u a l l y( l 2 ) our time bel'urcwe
rnade( l3) our minds.We often usedto have a (14) chat
with the friendly ( 1 5 ) or exchange a few pieces of gossip
(l6) the neighbour from the next street who ( 17')
happenedto walk in.

O u r p u r c h a s(e1s8 ) carefullyweighedand then put (19)

a wrappingthe shopkeepertied up with a (20) movementof his fingers.It

98
ls not that (21) today. You just stuff whatever you're buyin-ein a
r))t or a clrt. go to the check-out(23) mannedby
facelessindividualsjust as (24) wrapped as the items you're getting,
(2s) may or may not say " h e l l o " t 2 6 ) the fiiendlinessof
a recording.Then you (27) horne with your ingeniouslypacked purchases
There (28) think that the sole purpose (29)__ the
rnanulacturerswas to prevent you (30) opening them. I must adrnit that
(31; tned knives,scissorsand any sharp( - 1 2 ) that I can
lay my handson, I am frequentlyreducedto (33) thingswith mv teeth.

4.
When Gerald was a child. his father ( 1) to beat him fiequently.This
gradually caused him to lose confidence in (2) and in his farnily.
(3) they moved to Liverpool, he couldn't(4) usedto
city lite easily.He developeda stutterwhich lastedten years.He receivedspeechtherapyfbr
severalyears.He (-5) often read lons textsaloud 1or hours and hoursto
overcornethis speechdef'ect.I-lc still (6) t h i n k i n s a b o u th i s c h i l d h o o d
and cannoteasilylorgive his l'athcr.He (7) to get nervous whenever hc
secs sorreonebcating anotherperson. He tnes not to focus ( 8 ) his
childhood anyrnore but finds it hard not to do s o . Will there be anv roonl
(e) improvements in his Iife'j Only if (r0)
is givcn by friends.
encouragement

5.
PROI}LEM-SOLVING

People do not analyze every problern they meet. Sometimesthey try to remenrbera
s o l u t i o nI ' r o mt h e l a s l t i m e they had a sirnilar problern. They often accept t h e o p i n i o n so r
(l )- of other people. Other times they (2) to act without
thinking;they try ( 3 ) find a solutionby trial and (4) Howevcr,
when all these methods fail, (5) person with a problern has to
(6) analyzingThere are six stagesin (7) a problen.

First,the personmust (8) that thereis a problem.For (9)

Sam'sbicycleis broken,and he (10) ride it to classas he t I l)________
does.Sam mustseethat there( l2) a problemwith his bicycle.

N e x t ,( l 3 ) thinker must define the problem. Before ( t 4 )

c a n repair his bicycle, h e m u s t ( l 5 ) the reason why it does n o t
( l6) . For instance.he must d e t e r m i n e
if \11) problernis w i t h

99
the gears,the (18) the tires, or the frame. He (19) make his
problem more specific.

Now (20) person must look for information that (21)

make the problem clearer and lead (22) possible solutions.For instance.
Sam(23)
suppose that his bike doesnot work (24) there is
something wrong with the (25) wheels. At this time. he can
(26)_ i n h i s bicycle repair book and ( 2 1 ) aboutgears.He can
t a l kt o ( 2 8 ) friends at the bike shop.He (29) look at his gears
carefully.

After (30) the problem, the person should have (31)

suggestionsfor a possiblesolution.Take (32) as an illustrationa g a i n .H i s
(33)
suggestions be: put oil on the gear wheels;buy new gear wheelsand
replacethe old ones;tightenor loosenthe gearwheels.

Eventually,onc suggestionseemsto be the solutionto the problem.Sometimesthe final

idea comes very suddenly because the thinkcr suddenly sces something new or sccs
somethingin a new way. Sam, for example,suddenlyseesthat there is a piece of chewrng
to his problem:hc Inust
gum betweenthc gear wheels.He immediatelyrealizesthe solr"rtion
c l c i r nl h e g c u rw h c e l s .

Finally,the solutionis testcd.Sam cleansthe gear wheelsand finds that alierwardshis

bicycleworks pcriectly.In short,he hassolvedthe problem.

6.
SOME ADVICE ON I.'OOD SHOPPING

Thc averagefamily spends about one-sixth of its income on food. Becausefood is

expensive.it is importantto spend money wisely when you shop. A careful shoppercan
Here are some hints to help you shop
preparenutritiousand deliciousmealsinexpensively.
better.

Buy only the lbod that you need. There are severalways to avoid ( l)
extra food. First. make a shopping (2) before you go to the store
(3) when you are al the store, (4) your- list carefully
Furthermore, do not (5) shopping if you Are hungry. When
(6) are hungry,fbods look very delicious(7) you want to buy
morethan (8) need.Finally,go shoppingaloneif (9) c a n .[ f
you shopwith young(10) , they often ask you to buy ( 1I )
unnecessary
food like candy.

r00
 When you (12) selection. choose the least expensive
(13) o f a product. There are three(14) to rememberwhen
you b u ya ( 1 5 ) of tomatoes,for example.First, look ( l6)
in thc newspaperto (17)
the adverl.isements if your local supermarketis
havi.n. ob t\ .l R \
"/
"special"on cannedtomatoes.In addition.( l9)
you are in the store, you (20) check the price per pound of
(21) Sometimesyou savemoney if you (|2)_ the larger size
c a n ; sometimes, however. Q3) do not. Third. remember that a
t14\ A product or a more expensive/ ' ) < \ is not necessarily
more healthful than (26\ grade B or less expensive product.
(21) A tomatoesmay look better, but (:zB) cannedtomatoes
havethe samenutrients.

(2e) seemto have specialdifflcultieswhen (30) buy

fl-csh fr-uits and v e g e t a b l e sT.h e r e ( 3 1 ) severalthings t o c o n s i d e rw h c r r
b u y i n g( 3 2 ) fbods.Becausefiesh foodsspoil i1-(33) are not
used, you have to buy the correct amount for the number of people you arc scrving.
Remember that a pound of somc vegetablesscrves more people than a pound ol- other
For instancc.a pound of stringbeansis enoughfor six servings.In addition.plan
vegetables.
to usc fresh foods that are in seasonbecausefiesh fbods are generally less cxpcnsive wherr
thcy are in season.Finally,choosefiuits and vegetables
that havea bright.freshcolor.A good
color is oftcn a sign that thc food has a lot of vitamins.Caretulshopperstry to get as nrany
nutrientsas they can fbr eachdollar.

7.
People of unusual habits have always attractedme. By this I do not imply hippies and
clropoutsfbr ( I )___ rnodern society has very little respect.No. I lnean thosc orderly
people (2)____ otherwisedull lives are enriched by unlikely routines t'rr-rlanias
(3)__ arc totally harmlessto others.There is, for example,a bank clerk I know,
(4)_ will not eathis breakfasttoast(5)_ the sun risesand he actuallyseesthe
early rays of the sun. Sincehe lives in London, (6)- he enjoys a reluctantsun. he
liequently goes without breakfast.Another couple I know has a neat little bungalow in
(7)_ they keep two dogs and a cat, (8)_ they themselveslive in a tree house
becausethey are convincedit is more natural.No matter(9)_ hard their neighbours
try, they haven't been able to persuadethem to live like ordinary people. Life, I arl sure,
would be very much poorer without such people. Sometimes I feel I am lacking in
personality,since I have none of thesestrangehabits (10)_, of course,you count the
fact that I keep a hamsterin my desk drawer at the office.

101
8.
"Parachuting Changed My Life!"

When Su Woods steppedonto the tarmacof Thruxton airfield one sunny afternoonto make her
flrst parachutejump, she was not only about to ( l) her childhood drearrr
come true, but she was (2) leavingher old life for a new one. Achieving hel
ambitronwas to transformher life. Eight yearslater, Su and her husbandDennis now own the
club (3)
parachute Su made her first jump and the couple first rnet.

"Parachutinghas changedmy lif'e enormously,"Su says. "When I think back to the first day
(4) came, watching all the experiencedjumpers and fecling anxious
(-5) my own jump before take-oll', I have to keep t e l l i n g m y s c l f t h a t t h c
c l u b ' so u r s . I ' v e m a d c 1 0 0j u m p s n o w , ( 6 ) l s c l u l t e a lot. but thereirreplenty

of mernbersherewho are much more advancedthan I am.

" l r ' s( 7 ) exciting being up in thc air that you just don't get frightened.
Besides,everythingto do with parachutingis highly regulated- you can't-iustgo r-rpin a planc
a n dj u r n p { t 3 ) o f i t . Y o u must havc propertraining. Salcty pt-ecalltions
ltrc
strictlyenfbrced.At (9) , you havc a rope attachedto your parachutclinking
it to the acroplane A s y o u l a l l f i e e .( 1 0 ) rope pulls the parachutcopen. It's
nor(ll) you've rcached a certilln standardthat you'reallowcclto opcn yoLlr

own parachute.Thcrc'snot r e a l l y a n y d a n g e r a t a l l . ( l 2 ) r t ' so n l y n a t u r a l

sometimcsto fecl afraid at t h e t h o u g h t( 1 3 ) _ jumping lionr a planc at 7-50
rlctrcsI

"No nrlttcr ( l4) experienced you are. yoLl alrvavs get ncrvous
you matkea jump. You step out onto thc platf'onn.thc ittstructorsilys
thcn suddenlyyou're in the air. Corningdown is wondcrful.uncl
you don'tremernber( l7) you wcre afraidof."

Balancingher career( | 8) thc cditor of a local ncwspaperwith sorlinc

out a new housc,rnanagingthc parachuteclub and pursuingher favouritehobby nteansthat
t h i n g s( l 9 ) houseworkand washingup can get badly neglected."But thcn,"
Su says,"it's a questionol'priorities. I'd much ratherparachutc(20) spend
cleaningthe housc."
Saturdays

9.
Speakingin fiont of large numbersof peopleis a skill which most people will need at
some time in their lives. lt is somethingwhich everyonecan do. but is difficult to do well.
Diff-erent speakers,of course, have different styles. However, there are certain common
principleswhich will help you give your speechor presentation
more professionally.

t02
 First of all, beforeyour speech,it is essentialthat you be well prepared.Do lots of research
and prepare your materials carefully. Make sure you have enough to say to fill the tirne
provided. If you don't know enough about your subject,you will be (1)
seriousdisadvantage,especiallywhen it comes to answeringquestions.If you find that you
havetoo much material,give (2) to your main points- you can go into more
detail later if you have time. Don't memoriseyour speech,but be farniliarwith it so that you
will be able to use just a f'ew notes. On the big day, arrive early. If you only .iusl
{3) it in time, you won't be ableto get everythingready.You are responsible
(4) ensuringthat any visual aids are scl up and working properly.Whert
cverythingis ready.havc a chatwith membersof the audience.This will help you relax and get
to know the peopleyou will speakto.

As you begin your speech,first introduceyourselfand thank people1'orcoming. If' you

wish.you can (-5)_ your audience(and yourself) at easeby rnaking a 1'ew
alnusingcommentsto break the ice However,don't start crackingjokes; al'teritll, you want
your audicnceto (6) you seriously.Introducethc sub.iectand oullinc your
main points.Thcn, go throughcach point clearlyand carefully. Look aroundat the audicltcc
and assessits reactiort:it is surprisinghow many speakersare unaware(7)-----
what the audienceis doing. Are thcy listeningto you'i Stay in control. Stick to the point and
don't let yourscll' be distracted (8) questions. Nine tirlcs
(e)_ o 1 ' t e nt,h e i n l o r m a t i o nt h e p e r s o ni s a s k i n gl b r w i l l b e g i v c n l a t c t ' i ny o u r
s p e e c hD. o n ' ts p e a k( l 0 ) manner,though.Justpolitelysiryyoll
an aggressive
will acceptall questionsa1the end.In addition,rememberthat nobody'sperl-ect:
r'nistakcs
occur
even when thc bcst speakersare pc:rforming.Apologise,but don't try to ( I I )
any cxcuses- it leavcsa bad impression.When you comc to the end ol' your preseIttittl()n.
sumrnariscyour rnain points and ( l2) an explanation1-orany conc:lusiolr
s
you reach becausc.without justification,your opinions are worthless.Finally. therc is the
( l u c s t i ( ) n - r n d - l l t s wsecrs s i t ) t t .

After it's all over, evaluateyour performance.Ask yourself in which areasyou could
improve. Don't worry if you were nervousand it didn't go very well. Just put it down tcr
(l - r ) . Don't be afrardto try again.lt will (14) you eood to
practiseas olien as possible.In this way, you will overcomeyour nerves,and you may even
come to enjoy it.

10.
We becomemass individuals when we identify with the system, accepting i t s v a l u e s .
However, ( I ) cannot easily isolateourselvesfrom the (2)
becauseit pervades every aspect of (3) culture. We buv mass-produced

r03
productsjust (4) they are cheaperalthough they aren't (5)
quality. We read the local newspapers(6) though we seldom feel that they
(1) anythingto our senseof well-being. (8) if we do not want
to (9) without a radio or televisionset,(10) shouldat leastbe
discriminating i n (l l) choice of programs. We must choose
(12) if we want to a v o i d b e i n g ( 1 3 ) by the constant
propaganda and advertising ( 14) hurled al us in fivor
(1 5 ) the system.We can only d o t l 6 t if we guard our true
i n d i v i d u a l i t y( 1 1 i t not let ourselvesb e s e d u c e db y ( 1 8 ) rcwards
which the systemoffersto 119) who achievesuccess.

The systemdoes (20) opportunities for the aggressive individual to

(21) one of the actorsin the (22) and not remain part ol'
(23) unscenand unheardaudience.Someonehas (24)
run the show. or at least (25) appearsso. Those individuals who risc
(26) the top in the hierarchyof (21) arc consideredto be thc
successful(28) . Therc arc hierarchies in every field (29)
'l-hcrc
cndeavor:busincss.education,politics,society,art, (30) so on. arc
(3 I )
power hierarchies eachsegmentof the field also.
organizedactivity createsa hierarchyo1-power. (33) each hicrarchy.largc
or small,the personwho is at the top and wields the greaterpower is regardedas a successby
thoselower on the scale.

Yct no one truly runs thc show; no one really wields the power. Thoseat thc top are as rnuch
part of the systemas the lowest man on the totem pole. They can be replacedas casily as onc
o1' thcir subordinertcs.They are not creative peoplc whose work bears thL-sti-rmpo1' thcir
individuality. Their function,like that of each massindividual.is to keep the show uoing, tcr
keepthe systemoperatingto keepthe machincrunning.

ll.

How shouldwe measurethe costoi anything- of a new motorcycle,a new f-reeway,

or a rapid-
transrtsystem?Econornists
usea conceptcalledopportunitycost.

To determineopportunltycost, we measure( l) value of the next opporlLrnity

we (2) sacrifice in order to take the (3) of action we have
selected.When (4) go to classor decide to (5) in the library,
you give up (6) opportunityto watch televisionat home. (.71
opportunrty cost of attending class or (8) i n the library is the value
(e) placeon the televisionprogramyou (10)

104
Then what is the cost of ( 1I ) $ 1,000 motorcycle you want'l It is
(12) the price. The opportunitycostto (13) if you buy it is not
(1,1) , but the value of the product(15) you nright have bought
with (16) $1,000.Notice that the money (price) is (17) the cost
itsell'.The costis ( I B) evaluationof the "real" thinss sacrificed.

(l9) money is a meansof getting (20) things t h a t w e w a n t .

price is (2 I ) measureof how much monev is (22) . and cost is
the value of (2 3 ) we give up. The questioneconomists(24) IS

how much in actual products (25) servicesmust be sacrificed for whatever

(26) - a dam, hospital,school, (27)
beingconsidered satellite.
rocket.etc.

Wc can look al (28) opportunity cost of any dccision that

rl9t been made. However.one of the (30) fre c1r-rcn
tlv
u n d e r - c s t i m a t ecdo s t s i s t h e c o s t ( 3 1 ) A war. The nrost obvious costs
(32l, lost livcs, destroyedproperty, ruirtcd careers,(33)
guns,bullets,uniforrns,and othcr rnilitary
wastedresourcesin the form of tanks,helrcopters,
ccluipment. Less obvious costs are the slum clearance,anti-pollution,public health, and
wclfare projectsthat rnight otherwisehave been undertaken. Consider also the costs irr
carelong afier the war is over.
doctors.medicine,and equipmentdevotedto veterans'
hospitals,
as well as the costsof the benefitspaid to depcndents.For instance,in 1967more than 1,300
dependentsof veteranso1'the American Civil War - a war that ended 102 years bclore -
receivedannualbenefitstotaling more than $1 million. Veterans'benelltslbr the Spanish-
AmericanWar amountedto $5.3 billion,or twelvetimesthe originalcostof that war.

12.
The Carter family are television addicts and can't imagine life without one. We asked this
family to take part in an experiment. We took the Carters' television away from them for
a month. This was the result.

GeorgeCarter (father): At f irst, we all went into (I ) l i v i n gr o o m a s u s u a l ,

but we (2) know what to do. All the (3) in the room
have always faced (4) TV. ln the first week. we (5)
t a l k i n g a b o u t t h e programs we couldn't (6) , but afier about ten days we
(1\ to think of ways of filling (8) time. We sat down
together fbr (9) insteadof eatingin front of (10) box;
we talked to each other ( I l)_ nobody had to rush away to
(121 a program. I d o m i s sm y ( 1 3 ) programs,though. I
preferhavrnga (14) but perhapswe can try to (15) how
much we watch in future.

r05
Sandra Carter (daughter, I5): I love watching TV. We've got satellite
(l6) and I used to watch MTV (17) e v e n i n g . I thought
Mum and Dad ( I 8 ) crazy to take part in this (19) II

w a s difficult at school because (.20) talks about what they selw on

(21) the night before. But we started(22) play games
together chess. cards, board (231 We were more relaxed as a
t)4t . I had more time to do (25) homework and I evcn

started takingpianolessons. Actually,I thinkI'd rathernothaveatTV for the next f'ew months.
If it'sthere,I watchit, andI'vegotmy examsin two months' time.

13.
WORKING HOLIDAYS

E,vcry summer, hundreds ol' thousandsof' studentstravel ( I ) othcr

countries looking tor work (2) adventure. Most o f ' t h e opportLil.ll ucs
(3) in seasonalwork, maittly connected(4) tourisrn ancl
'Ihe
agriculture. pay (-5) usually poor, but most people (6)
abronclfor the thrill of'(7) in Francc,(B)
. You can pick -qrapes
on a fnmily campsite.entertain (9) on Amcriciln summt:r car.nps,ancl,
(l0) c0urse,thcrearealwaysjobs ( I I ) hotelsand restaurants.

Burit (12) n o t a s e a s ya s i t ( 1 3 ) _ _ _ _ to bc to find work.

"(l4) you speakthe languageof (l-5) c o u n l r yw c l l , t h c r ew
r ill
hr' ( l6t f - e w o p e n i n g s , "s a y s A n t h e a E l l i s , ( l 7 ) adviscl on

vacationwork fbr ( I il) " ll-yorr work as a( I 9 ) ____ with a {'ulrilyirr

I t a l y .( 2 0 ) o f c o u r s ey o u ' l l h a v e t o ( 2 1) Italiirn. Whcn yor-r
arrivc Io (22) dishesin a restaurantin Paris.(23) owncr r.vill
cxpect you to (24) French. British studentsonlv have (2-5)
lan-{uagciidvantagcfor jobs in (26) U S A a n dA u s t r a l i a . "

Not everyone(2 '7 \ the experience.S arahJameswas (28)_

courier responsiblefor fbrty American (29) in E,urope. The two teachers
(30) accompaniedthe children had never (31) abroacl. One
eh i l d l o s th i s t 3 2 ) anotherbecameseriouslvill and (33) 1'lown
home:four childrenwere lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group wlls thrown out ol
one hotel becauseof the noise they made, and Sarahherselfwas mugged on her onlv free
e v e n i n go l t h ec n t i r et r i p .

106
14.

Somehowit seemsto happenagain and again. I meet a nice woman and fall in love wrth
her. but for some reasonor other, it doesn'twork out. Take Maria, for example. She was
(l) an intelligent.beautiful and lively girl that I f'ell in love with
her the moment I ntet her. But unfortunately.she didn't share my religious views- I
eventuallyhad to face up (2) thc fact that our relationshipwas
bouncito 1-ail.Well, I cxpectthe woman I finally marry to agreewith me on basicthingslikc
that. Doesthat soundold-l'ashioned'l

Or take Cynthia. I think I really loved her deeply. but we had to fight everything
(3) betweenus. We uscd to havequarrclsall the timc. Of coursc.
we alwaysrnade(4) in the end.but the whole thing was rathcrnerve-
racking.

And there wcrc others,but (5) of them was thc ri-qhtwotran

Will I everrreet a wornanto marry'?Somehow.I'm bcginningto doubt it.

15.

A trcmcndousstorttt hit south-easternFlorida at about 9:30 altt yt:stcfday,causirtg

dcstructionevcrywhcrc. The city was ( I ) conrpletechaos1or a long tirrtc
d u e t o w i n d s t h a t b l e w u p t o l l 0 r n i l e sa n h o u r . A l t h o u g hr e s c u ew o r k c r s i r n m e d i a t e l y
n r o v e d( 2 ) action,torrentialrain floodeda big part o1-thecity and rrrotorists
who were stranded(3) traffic had to spendthc wholc day irt thetr cars.
the storm wlts ovcr, lcaving bchirltl
waiting lor the roadsto be clcared. By late al'ternoon,
'l'ltc
thousandsof homelesspeople and completelyruined orange and grapcl'ruitcrops.
peoplc who lost thcir homes wcre lurious, claiming that they hadn't been warncd
(4) thc storm on time. Here is what a meteorologistfront the Nationitl
WeatherCentresaid to our reporterycsterdayevening:

"Stormslike the one we had yesterdayused to occur once (5) 200 years
and yet we havehad at leastthreemajor storrnswith rvindsof over 100 rnilesper hour stllce
1993,which is quite utrusual.We haveteams(6) stand-by24 hours a clay
and we are going to set up mobileunlts fitted (7) hi-techecluiptrent.whiclr
will certainly enable us to take more eff'ective measures. Howevcr-. we arc
(r J ) no illusionsthat we will be ableto avoid the destructiveeflectso1'sucl-t
stormscompletely- we can only hopeto reducethe damageto a nlinimum."

10'7
16.

DearJuliet,

As soon as I receivedyour letterinviting me to spenda (l) weeks in

England,I s t a r t e dp r e p a r i n g( 2 ) the journey. Thank your parents fbr
(3) to meet me at the airport. (4) looking
forward to meetins them and, (5) course,your brother It's very good
(6) thathe will be on holiday(7) J u l ya n d w i l l b e
able to (8; to Oxford and show us (9) he's
studying.

I was very excited ( l0) I read about all the things

(ll) p l a n n i n gl o r m y v i s i t to England. (121 to
thc theatre is one o f m y ( 1 3 ) pastlme acttvltres. so it would be
(t4) to seea play in London. A n d ( l 5 ) certainly
l i k e to go to Brighton ( l6) I'm planning to go to univcrsity
(l7) next year.

You rerninded me to (l8) my tennis rackct. hut yoll rnllsl

(l9) a good partner fbr me so (201 I can nlav
against you and your (21) I rcmember you t e l l i n g m c i n
())\ of your letters that h e p l a y s ( 2 3 ) well. I
won't fbrget my swimsuit, (24) I hope it won't bc too
(2s) to swim i n t h e E n s l i s h C h a n n e l . (26)
t o u n n gE n g l a n dd. o y o u t h i n k we (21) also visit Stratford'l

You know July (28) when the tounst seirson IS at

\29) p e a k .b u t I s o m e h o wmanagedt o ( 3 0 ) my
flight f o r J u l y 7 t h . I c a n( 3 1 ) wait!

W e l l , it's high rime I (32) now. Write and tell mc if

(-l-l) any changein the plan. My kindest regardsto yoLlrparents,and
alsoto your brother

Love.

Marta

108
L7.

Jennrfergot off the bus from the universitvand (l ) walking towardsthe

flat she shared (2 ) another student. As she had to
(-r) somefood, she entereda shop (4) by an Asian
tamily Although the (5) were higher than those in the
(6) further down the street.she usually (7) her
shoppingthere. The vegetables were (B) and they had variousthings
she(9) get anywhereelse.

Jennifer picked u p ( 1 0 ) basket and walked the shelf

(l1.1 the rice was kept. Except f o r ( 1 2 ) and the
owner of the shop, ( I 3) were two teenagc boys, both of
(14) were wearing long, old-fashioned overcoats They
(l - s ; ridiculous in thc b i g o v e r c o a t sb, u t ( 1 6 )
thingswerequitc popularw i t h t h et l 7 ) then.

Mr. Patel,the clwncr,was n o t ( 1 8 ) a n y a t t e n t i o nt o t h e m . H c w a s g 0 l n g

(l e ) the stock list Just then Jennit'er(20) thc
boys i n t h e o v e r c o a t st a k i n g ( 2 1 ) of biscuits frorn the shelves.bul
(22) of puttingtherni n t h e i rs h o p p i n g
t2.31 they
wcrc dropping the goods into (24) inside pockets of their l o n g
overcoats."(2-5) get out of here," she heard(26) ol
them say. They moved away (27) her. She c o u l d n o l o r r g e rs e c
(28) they were doing.

When Jennifer got (2e) the r i l l, the boys wcrc in

(-10) of her. Shewatchedthem (31) for the
f-ewthingsthcy had (32) their basket. Mr. Patel wasn'tsuspicious.
I . l e( 3 3 ) srniledat them. Jennif-er
onenedher mouth and said ...

18.
Irene Charlton, Professor of Psychologyat Oxford University, is talking about the past.

Things were very diffbrent then. In ( l) d a y s ,w e l i v e d i n a v i l l a g c

(2) the North of Ensland My father(3) to work
ln coal mine, (4) all the other men there. We
(s) well-off, but we didn't consider ourselves
(6) either.

In the evenings, the whole (1) would sit in the living room,
(8) to the radio. My father would (e) asleepin
fiont of the fire ( l0) snoreloudly.

r09
I started p r i m a r y s c h o o l ( l l ) the age of five. Therc wils
(12) one teacherwith about thirty children( 13)
from five to eleven, all o f ( 1 4 ) studied in the same rooln. It
(1 s ) terriblycold in winter W e h a d ( 1 6 ) old
stove that gave out a (17) deal of smoke but only a
(18) heat.

When I was eleven.I started( l9) secondaryschool in the nearest

(2 0 ) . Iwasa bright student and ( 2 1 ) lny

I went to (22)
teachers'encouragement, , where I studiedpsychology.I
was (23) flrst personirr the village to (24)
highereducation.Peoplcl i k e r n c ( 2 5 ) usedto continuctheir education
t h e n .( 2 6 ) i l ' t h e yw e r e g i r l s . I t w a s ( 2 7 ) lor- tt.tc

ro go back to (28) villagc after that. I sornchow lclt

(29) w a sa k i n d o I i n v i s i b l cw a l l ( 3 0 ) r n y s c l fa' n d

lny o l d l i i c n d s .a n d ( 3 1 ) my family. My l ' u t h re' . i t t p l r tl i eu l l t t .

( 3 2) understand why I wanted an eclucation. tlc
( 3 3) askingnrewhen I intcndcdto get marriedanclhavcchilclrcn.

19.
rnillionaire.w c n t t o a housc-warmingparty rrr
Last summer,Frank Cruise, a -5-5-ycar-old
Glasgow,and thcrc. in a crowded room, he was ( I ) to a youn.g

worlrrnsittinghv the fire. Frankthoughthcr clotheswere(2) luthcr.

poor tastc.but shc certainlywils vcry bear"rtil'Lrl.

'fhey
her (3)
chattedfor sornctime, and Frank complimctttccl ncI

good looks,which pleascdthe woman very much.After a while, the wornttnsaid."l'rrtirfl-rritl

I
have to lcavc now. My great -erandsonis getting married tomorrow. ancl I'd
(4)__ get sorxcslccp."

" Y o u h a v e a grcat grandsonI You (-5) be serious.You'rc so

young! "

The lady srniled."You aremost kind, but your eyesare deceivingyou. I'm 9l yearsof age."
'9ll" . u t t h a t ' sq u i t ei m p o s s i b l e . '
F r a n kw a s i n c r e d u l o u s" B

"I can sec fiom your face that you don't (6) m v w o r d ss e r i o u s l v
You think I'rnjoking. but I'm not."

The woman mlde a i7.) to get up from her chair, but Frank stopped
her. Tell me your secretthen,"he said.

lt0
The woman took (8) a small bottle from her handbae and said.
"This is the blue water of eternalyouth. Take one sip of the contentsof this bottle and you
w i l l b e l 8 again, just like me. I'm the only person in the whole world who
(e) the secretsof this bottle, and the recipe has a price. If you are
interestedin my youth potion, w e c a ng e t ( 1 0 ) t o b u s i n e s ss.i r . "

"All right," Frankreplied."I'll pay you. Justtell me what you want."

' T w o m i l l i o n p o u n d s , "t h e w o m a n s a i d ,( 1 1 ) deep into his eyes.
"And in cashp
, lease."

"But that'sridiculous!I can'tafl-ordthat much."

The woman took a small mirror liom her pocket, and held it in front o f h i s [ r c e . " L o o k r l
yourscll'.sir." she said (12) an aggressivem a n n c r ." Y o u r r c n r t
longeryoung.You arc a rich man,but it's no (13) beingrich if your
b o d y i s o l d , i s i t ? B e l i e v em e t h i s p o t i o n w i l l ( l 4 ) you a lot of
good. Hcre'smy phone numbcr.If you (l-5) y o u r n r i n d .c a l l m e . "
And with that the worlan turnedand walked away

20.

I t w o u l d b e i n t e r e s t i n tso k n o w w h a t ( l ) of a person writes to thc Lonely

H c a r t s c o l u n t t ' t si n n t a q a z i n e s .( ? ) your most intimatep r o h l c n t s t o l ' l r e c l e s s
(3) in an editorialo{fice must arise(4) l l r c s i r r r r ci r r s t i r r t 'ttl r l r t

I n o v c s t r l r v e l l e r si 5 1 _ confide the storiesof their lives to (6)

strangcrs.This isn't as bad as it seems(7) the chancesare thitt you will
n e v e r( 8 ) this travclleragain as long as you l i v e . ( 9 ) .hc

probably doesn't listen to y o u v e r y ( 1 0 ) anyway. As you talk. it is

(ll) l i k e l y than not he is waiting for his ( l2) to tell you iur
ev c n r n o r et | 3 ; story than yours. As a matterof fact, people who want to talk
their hearts out ( 14) better in pubs. The minute they walk in, they
(l5) out as a drinking companionthe most sympatheticlooking customer
(l6) they rnay look for the drunkestindividualwith (17)
their secretswill be safe forever. E,verybody(18) that lt is the unwritten
Iaw of the pubsthat whatever( l9) saidin a pub remainsthere.

(l 0 ) . when one writesto a Lonely Heartscolumn,his (21)-

is there for all to see]n (22) and white.Not only is the problernlaid out on
the page there, (23) there is also an attendant answer
r)4\ or sometimesa (25)
hope and encouragement

ill
reprimand from Aunt Martha or Mary Wrse or Gtizin Abla. Are these advice seekers
(26) desperateor, as one sometimeswonders,only exhibitionists'lDo
these letters written (21) such tragic simplicity reveal the inner
lonelinessin ( 2 8 ) these people apparently live, or do these letters
(29) someotherinstinct?Sinceit is (30) to imagine
that any serioussolutionto a person'stroublescan be (31) in thesecliched
answers,these people must (32) writing to these columns for the sake
(33; seeingtheir own words in print.

21.

The beliefthat childrenwill "go wrong" if disciplineis not imposedupon them denotesa lack
of faith in human nature. Children are not inherentlymonsters,but they ( I )__
becomeso when parentsare hostile (2) suppresstheir independence.In the
eyes(3) a child, sucha parentis (4) monsterwho can only
be opposed 5 his own methods.Thus.a child (6) likc his
S astonishing(7)
parent. It is easily people forget t h c l - u n d a m e n t l rlll w
(fJ) that'like begetslike'. The (9)
reproduction. q u u l i t yi n l
p a r e n ti s h i s ( l 0 ) of respectfor the individualityof (l l)
child. It i s inhuman for a (12) not to accept his child as
(13) is but to try t o m o u l d( 1 4 ) into someiniagethc parent
has ( l s ) h i s o w n m i n d o f w h a th i s ( l 6 ) s h o u l db e .

All children go through (11) negative phase in the coLrrsc of

( l8)_-- development.Betweeneightecnmonthsand two (19)
of age they will say no (20) many parental demandsand ol'f'erings. This
"(21) " expresses the child's growing consciousness that
(22) can think for himself. It is (23) so spontaneous
that
the child may (24) say no to something he likes. (25)
recall offering my young son one (26) his favouritecookies. Bcl'orehe cven
(21) it, he turnedhis headaway (28) a g c s t u r c o f ' r e j' e e ti t r n .

A quick (29) , however,convincedhim that it was 130.1

desired obiect. and he reachedfor (31) Any insistenceon my part.
however,(32) havefirmed his initial refusal.

Whether(33.1 shouldpermit a child to make his own chorcein uny situatiorr

dependson the circumstancesof the situation. In principle we must always respecta child's
right to say no. In practice it is advisableto let the child have his own way whenever
possible. This allows a child to develop a senseof responsibilityfor his own behaviour,
which is a naturaltendencvin all organisms.

112
22.
Interest in Learning
But rnuch
In everydaylife. we all encounterrnaterialwhich we could memoriseif we wished.
ilnYthing lo
of this material is, we feel, not worth memorising. It does not medn
(l ) in the sensethat its acquisition(2) unlikelyto serveany
use. ( 3 ) is also factual material of a (4) which is
future
relevantto our interests (5) we still don't memorize such material.
(o) is becausewe are satisfiedmerelY(7) know where to
it is needed. We feel that (9)
find the material ( 8 )
advantage of being able to reconstruct( 10) materialfrom nremorYdoes not
j u s t i f y( 1 1 ) effort in trying to m e m o r i s ei t . ( 1 2 ) it is the

common experlencs o f ( l 3 ) people that they have difficulty itr

( 14).-__ themselves to memorisematerialwhich they (15) will
. In more generalterms, if they (11)_----
b c o l ' n o v a l u ct o ( l 6 )
an accomplishmcnt as u s e l e s st ,h e n t h e y ( 1 8 ) unwilling to make thc effbrt
necessary ( I 9) its acquisition l'his familiar phcnotnct.toltcitll
(20) describedin variousterms. W e s a y ,( 2 1 ) cxarnple,
that we fack motive, ot (22) , or will, or concentratlon,or lnccntlvc'
(23) intentionto learn. And we know (24) our expencnce
h o w grcatly t h i s l a c k ( 2 5 ) learnins. The studenl will rcmember that
(26) thoseoccasionswhen he couldn'tbuild (27) f'eelings

of enthusiasmfor study,it (28) hardly worth his effort to continue

(29) too are aware of the difference (30) makes r1-their
studentsare interested(31) a lessonor can be rnade(32)
want to learn about it. PeoPle(33) claim to be just no good' with. saY.
mathematicsor car repairingor essaywriting often mean. in fact, that they have nevcr been
sulficieltly interestedin theseactivitiesto learn the necessaryskills and knowledge. And
thore scems to be no truth whatever in the clarm that people who arc sound aslcep cltn
rremorisewords ptayedover to them throughearphones'

23.
(| )
SinceI'rnhopeless rememberingthings, I take my diet book everywhere
I go -- even to the restaurant(2) I usually have lunch -- and look up thc
cholesterolcontentof everythingI want to eat (3) I eat it. To tell the truth.
I'rn tired (4) doine this, but it's my doctor'sadvice and I will follow it
(5) I've lost enough weight. I'm not too interested(6)
l o oking attractive. What bothers me is my poor health, which the doctor says is partly
(7) ro my bad eating habits. According to him, it is these habits that are
responsible(8) the extra kilos I've had for years and keep complaining
(e)

ll3
ANSWER

KEY
GRAMMAR
A.
1. 2. 3.
l. are going 1. are alwaysfinding 1. stood
2. alwayshas/ drinks 2. is writing 2. knocked
3. likes / enjoys/ prefers 3. feels 3. was watching
4. ends/ finishes 4. am having 4. was sitting
5. closes(clown) 5- collaPsed
6 . i s a l w a y sc o m p l a i n i n g 6. W a s n ' t. . -l i v i n g
1. seems 1. got
8. became
9. found

4. 5.
l . w e r es k r i n g l. a r ea l w a y sc r i t i c i z i n g
2 . w a ss h i n i n g 2. tojoin
3. was mclting 3. will be (fact)
4. didn'trneet 4. is having(prearranged event)
5. set 5. starts (scheduled event)
6. disappeared 6. will certainlyrun (prediction)
1. becarne 1. will not be / won't be (prediction)
tt. was falling B. will havecreated
9. was beginning
10. heard

6. 7.
l. aregoing to crash 1. to sPend
2. will get 2. had been/ were invited
3. takes/ will take/ is going to take 3. would arrive/ would be arriving
4. is giving / rs going to give / will give 4. had drawn
5. will be sailing 5. didn'tfind
6. had been searchins
1. discovered
B. were sleeping
9. were sitting
10. had broken

8. 9. 10.
l. the l. in l. in
2.a 2. off 2. for
3. the 3. from 3. with / by
4. the 4. in 4. for
5. the 5. for 5. in
6, the/a 6. at
1. a 1. about
8. an 8. on
e.o 9. withi by
10.rhe 1 0 .o f

I lJ
11. 12. 13.
1. bv l. on l. off
2. into 2. from 2. at
3. of 3. closeto 3. about
4. with 4. in 4. in
5. in 5. into 5. of
6. under 6. for
7. in
8. bv

14. 15.
l. up l. in/on l2.in
2. at 2. ar 13. on
3. for 3. ro 14. in
4. X 4. at l_5.on
5. on 5. on / onto 16. in
6. on / X 6. off/ outof 17. on
7. into 1 . towards 18. in
8. through 8. at 19. in
9. across/ past/ round / through 9. on 20. on
1 0 . a b o u t/ X 10. in 2l . trt
ll.on/at ll.on 22.in
12. out

16.
l. of 5. with
2. in 6. out
3. in l. for
4. on 8. to

17.
l. where
2. Jacques-YvesCousteau,whose films madethe strangeunderwaterworld
marvelouslyfamiliar, had a rare enthusiasmfbr nature.
3. Sebastian'soldest brother, who is an army officer, will not be able to attend hrs
wedding.
4. After he was put in jail, Mr. Gullible was criticized by a lot of people, many of
whom were his old accomplices.
5. , which

18.
l. peopleinvolved
2. occasionalrain

19.
l. rather 5. as
2. quite 6. like
3. rather 7. as
4. quite

116
20.
l. a betterbike than / as good a bike as
2. quietly
3. more attractivethan
4. the easiest
5. as stableas
6. lesscomfortablethan

21.
I . having
2. to visit
3. usedto live / had lived
4. to maintain
5. would spend/ usedto spend/ had spent
6. imagining
1. bending
8. to keep
9. buying
10.to think

'r)
l. giving 6. having
2. to hear 7. to sort
3. seeing 8. buying
1. pLlttlng 9. to win
5. to inform I0. rnaintain

23. 24.
l. to become l. pulling
2. fbr wearing 2. to warn
3. having 3. marrying
4. to achieve 4. to live
5. to win 5. being
6. of using 6. sharing
7" to understand
8. competing

25.
l. was studying
2. developed
3. graduated
4. had alreadydecided
5. wanted
6. got
1. opened
8. hasalwaysbeen
9. a) would have made b) had been
OR
a) would make b) were / was
10. a) had had b) would be running

l t-7
26.
l. had beendecorating/ (had) decorated/ were decorating
2. were you doing
3. are not / aren't
4. was peeling
5. caught
6. have alwayshad
1. went
8. had alreadymadc
9. arrived
10. (had)decided
I 1. havingalreadypaid
12. zt)had known b) would neverhave done
1 3 . w a ss t a n d i n g
14. Being
l-5. was hardlyexpectrng/ hardlyexpected
| 6. a) would you be b) had not covered
17. a) hadn'tseen b) I would be dancing

27.
I. Havinglived 1 . hasPassed
2. was working 8. still remember
3. struck 9. saw
4. haclneverseen 10. was alwaysclaiming/ had alwaysclaimcd
-5. werc begging/ would beg I l. proved
6. Promising/ Having promised

28.
l. decided 1. didn'tgrow
2. havebeenthinking 8. havespent
3. was watching 9. (much) cluieter
1. was attracted 10. hasalreadybeensold
5. will beliving I l . w i l l h a v eh a d
6. the most difficult

29.
l. hasbeen 1 . was going/ went
2. take/aretaking 8. usedto be
3. warned 9. would alsoput
4. had taken/ had beentaking / was taking 10. started
5. felt I l. haven'ttouched
6. occurred 12. will everchange

30.
I. c a l l s. . .g i v e
2. h a s. . . b r i n g s
3. would be ... burned
4. t a l k . . .w i l l b e

il8
31. 32.
1. started 1. hadn'tseen
2. was/is 2. wouldn'Vcouldn'thave recognized
3. gave 3. had changed
f.is 4. kissed
5. is painting 5. would mean
6. has nevermade 6. had neverexperienced
1. wasn't
8. didn'thave
f . is doing
10. loves

33. 34.
1" was looking I. be divided
2. came Z. wept
3. lwho was) living 3. was announced
4. more difficult than 4. her to keep
-5. drdn'thave 5. a) hadn'ttrusted b) wouldn'tbe
6. was shown 6. wouldn't/ didn't split
1. brought 7. had lent
B. was discovered 8. will retire/ will be rctiring/ is retiring/ is
(). h a sl c d / h r r sh c e r tl c a d i n g g o i l t gt o r e l i r c
10. rnostpopular 9. us to realisc
I l. (she)is invited 10. to be completed
1 2 . w i l l h a v el i v e d/ w i l l h a v eb e e nl i v i n g
1 3 . p l a n/ a r ep l a n n i n g
14. to be

35. 36.
l. w a sd o i n g l. w i l l h a v ep u s l i s h e d
2. wasn'twearing 2. will be given
3. was thrown 3. will be watching
4. was lying 4. is going to faint
5. alwaystook
6. rarely shot

37.
A.
l. had beenworking 8. ran
2. decided 9. hit
3. walked 10. had managed
4. had left I l. was trying
5. bent 1 2 . w a ss e n t
6. was washing 13. realised
1. saw 14. had done

B.
l. a) had been b) would have stayed
2 . a ) w o u l d n ' tb e l y i n g b) hadn'tthought

119
38.
1. haveever known
2. a) do not / don'tchange b) have
OR
2. a) have neverchanged b) had
3. bought
4. had sold
5. a) would not have bought b) had not increased
6. a) hadn'tsold b) would be
7 . has beenmarried
B. a) hadn'tmade b) would still be living
9. a) were b) would be
10. a) had b) could/ would go
OR
10. a) had had b) could havegone/ would havegone

39.
|. hasbeenattending 6. broke
2. has 1. took
3. has tried 8. has alrcadyarranged
4. was sculpting f. is going to work / will be working / will work
5. f-ell 10. produces

40.
l . w a sc l i m b i n g I l. will give
2. stood 12. was taken
3. demanded 13. havebeenhired/ was hired
4. had nevermet 14. fbund
5. was 15. had beentrying / had tried
6. giving 16. saw
1 . reflected 17. to check
B. handed 1 8 . d i d n ' tm e a n
9. would be 1 9 . h a dm e t
10. win 20. wouldn'thavecaused

41. 42.
I. shouldn't/ mustn'tmiss l. must throw
2. Can / May / Could I ask 2. hasn'tbeenable to come
3. don'thaveto / don'tneedto / needn'tgo 3. may / might i could be having
4. had to / neededto buy 4. can fix / is able to fix
5. needn'thave wasted 5. could have sortbd
6. shouldn'thavelet

43. 44.
l. can'tbe 1. may / might not havegot(ten)
2. was ableto beathim / win 2. can'tbe
3. may / might / could come/ join you 3. must be joking
4. could have been/ become 4. Were you able to find
5. must havesone

t20
45. 46.
1. needn't/ don't needto / don't haveto 1. can / may leave
drive 2. needn'thave gone
2. can / will be able to find 3. should/ ought to have informed
3. may / can / might / could I borrow 4. will be able to make / will be allowed
4. have to / must post to make / can make
5. needn'thave washed
6. mustbe having
7. must have been
B. shouldn'thavelost

47. 48.
|. is respected 1. were told
2. has lately beenpromoted 2. have beenpaid
3. will be allowed 3. deserve
4. to be settled 4. are often blamed
5. (will) haveto be persuaded 5. beingdistracted
6. had been treated/ were treated 6. given
1. given 7. to be Promoted
8. will be criticized B. is beingmade
9. will still be forced

B.
l.
l. keepsfolding my sweaters
2. don't often write letters

2.
l. you put on your gloves,you can play in snow
2. you hadn't put the fishbowl on the floor, the cat wouldn't / couldn't have eaten the gold
fish
3. my sisterweren't/ wasn'tafraid of closedspaces,she would get on lifis
4. you go to Englandor the States,you won't improve your English
5. I had remembered/ hadn'tforgottento take my camera,I would / could have taken somc
pictures
6. You can solveyour problems... you consulta psychologist
1. she were / was satisfiedwith the presentsituation,she wouldn't be complaining/
wouldn'tcomplainso much
8. as good a tennisplayer as Liam
a tennisplayer as good as Liam
9. Janeis nearly/ almosttwice as tall as her little sister
10. producesuch high quality work that they can set their own prices
I l. in spite of the teacher'srepeatedwarnings / in spite of the repeatedwarnings of the
teacher/ in spite of being repeatedlywarned by the teacher/ in spite of the teacher's
warning (having warned)him repeatedly
12. is too impatientto becomea good scientist
13. had / had betternot stayup all night I had I had bettergo to bed early tonight
14. I had beentrainedin first-aid proceduresso that i then I could have helped

t21
15. would / had ratherbe at home readinga book than / insteadof
16. had I taken a bite out of my steak/ it when the cat snatchedit / my steak
17. as good a singeras Melody
I 8. eatslike a horse
19. did we visit the historicalplaces,but we (also)did lots of shopping
20. hadl got ldid I get in bed than the phonerang
21. to get usedto his new dentures. / (that)he will get usedto his new dentures
22. is usedto taking care
23. had the firemenleft the buildingwhen it collapsedwith a deaf'ening noise
24. about/ nearly half as many cigarettesas Gina (does)
25. had I enteredthe buildingthanI heardan explosion
26. playedthe gameas I (had)instructedhim
27. nearlytwice as many hours as George(does)
28. how tired I am, I read a few pagesbeforeI go to bed

3.
l. d i d n ' tu s em y b e l o n g i n g s
2. could live / livcd in a housewith a swimmingpool
had a housewith a swimmingpool
3. hadn'tspentall my moneyon a leatherjacket
4. boughta new one / washingmachine
replacedit / the (old) washingmachinewith a new one
5. were very rich
had a lot of money
6 . h e d i d n ' tg 0 c l u tc v e r ye v e n i n g .
he stayedhomethis cvcning
1. shenoticedme
B. I hadn'ttalkedto hirn so severelyyesterday

4.
I. have the children done/eaten
2. is shesleepingin her sister'sroom
3. gavcthem a farewelldinner
4. did Bill come to schoolvesterdav

5.
l. Due to i Owing to / Becauseof / As a resultof
2. until / till / before
3. so (that)/ in orderthat
4. in cerse
5. so (that)/ in orderthat
6. due to / as a resultof / becauseof / owins to
1. before
8 . s o . . .t h a t
9. Because/ As / Srnce
10. Hardly/ Scarcely... when
No sooner ... than

r22
6.
l. what you say/ do, who You are etc.
2. (simplepresentor presentperfectshouldbe used')
you can / you arrive/ you'vefinishedtyping the letteretc'
3. (simplepresentor presentperfectshouldbe used')
yo, puy my salary/ you give me your answer/ you've told me the truth / etc
1. (presenttenseshouldbe used)
we reach/ he goes/ they arrive/ shegetsthere

7.
I is going to faint / passout / regurgitate/ puke / throw up
L. will have heard
--). Shall ... run / go
A
+, will go
5 . are going to miss
aren'tgoing to catch/ get
6. will have read/ finished (reading)
7. will give
8. will be having
9. Shall I carry
10. will phone/ ring / call
1l . w i l l b e

8.
l. will be
2. S h a l l. . .c a l l
3. a) will be b) are gotng
4. is going to mug

9. 10.
t. aboutgoing 1. s h a l lw e
2. of cheating 2. will you
3. for making 3. were they
4. on catching 4. aren'tI
5. on wearing 5. didn'twe
6. Afier completing/ finishing 6. haveyou

11.
Suggestedanswers
l. who damagebooks
who returnbooks late
2. , which containmillionsof plantand animalspecies,
, which help preventglobal warming,
3. wherewe had dinnerlastnight
that hasjust openedin the city centre
4. , which meantI was late for school
, which really annoyedme
5. who did well in the exam
(who are) on the basketballteam

I l-)
6. , which was a stupidthing to do
, which was really painful
1 . , where we have most of our sailingcompetitions
, which is within the campusgrounds
8. , who is a famous soprano,
. who is a magician.
9. which sank
10. whoseworks / cornpositions / symphonies
/ concertsetc.
I 1 . w h o s p e n /t l i v e d
12. (why) s/he/ they left

12.
l. typedby
2. doneto
3. shownat
4. broughtup / raised/ rearedby

13.
Suggestedanswers
I . you hadn'tgiven / lent / offered/ handed
2. Why hlvc you beengoing
3. (bcforc) has therebecn
(before)has anyoncseen/ heardof
(before)have I / we seen/ heardof
4. some/ others/ other people(preferto) spendtheir
I I we I s(he)spend(s)my I our I his / her
5. they had offbred (me)
I had been offered
6. weretravelingwithout/ with no / without havingbought
didn'thave/ hadn'tbought
had failed / forgottento buy / get
7. The faster/ more quickly you write
The more tired / hurried/ nervousi excitedyou are
The lesstime you have to write something
8. to pay for / to compensatefor
9. would it take(rne)to lose
would it be beforeI lost
10. the game/ match/ concerthad beencanceled/ postponed/ put off / rescheduled
I L can work abroad
are willing to work outsidethe country
can speakGermanfluently
12. the waiterservesus
we are served
we can get a table
they take our order
we can give our order
13. how hard/ how much I study
how regularlyI attendclasses
how much I try
1 4 . w e / y o u a n s w e ri t

124
15. anyone/ anybodycame/ went
16. anythinghe doesn'tknow
anyonewho knows more (than him)

C.
1. 2. 3.
l. widely | . unless 1. all
2. hardly 2. As long as 2. either
3. rather 3. so 3. none
4. flatly 4. both
5. lately 5. Neither
6. f'lat

4. 5. 6.
l. unless l. No sooner I. collccting
2.. in other words 2. than 2. listening
3. Although 3. until 3. recording
1. On the contrary 4. so as to / to 4. spending
.5. providedthat 5. such -5. to buy
6. however 6. that 6. to control
1. since 1. As soonas 1. to realisc
8. for instance 8. Finally
9. suchas 9. to/soasto
1 0 . d u et o 10. then
'lherefore
I 1. I l . w h e n/ a s s o o na .
12. Otherwise 12. So
13. in case
14. since

7. 8. 9.
l. Each l. ncither l. recommended by
2. neither 2. all 2. fifted wirh
3. either 3. evcry 3. written in
1. none 4. both 4. I e f ti n
5. Either -5. drawn by
6. each 6. taken l'ron'r
1. none

10.
l. had to migrate
2. couldn'thavebeen/ can'thavebeen
3. might not be able to / wouldn't be able to learn / might not learn
4. didn't let / wouldn't let Vincenzo speak
5. needn'thave worried
6. might lose
1. was / has beenable to combine
B. should/ must / would have to see/ have to see
9. must have been
10. should/ must talk
I l. can really understand/ will / would really be able to understand

125
11. 12.
L had to wear 1. needto
2. must be feeling /must feel 2. mustn't
3. shouldn'tf'eel 3. needn't/ don'thavero
4. doesn'tlet him drive /won't let him drive 4. have to
5. shouldhavestopped 5. must
6. can't/ cannotaccept 6. don'thaveto
1. mustn't/ shouldn'tevenhint

13. 14. 15.

l. strandcd l. wound l. across
2. in 2. ground 2. along
3. sent 3. laid 3. into
4. bv 4. shrunk 4. past/ round
5. darnaged ,5. flung -5. through
6. by/on 6. struck
1. written 1. trodden
8. in
9. left
r0. in

16.
l. incrcasc 8. routcs
2. in 9. warn
3. admission I 0. against/ about
4. of I l. cleared
-5. inro 12. of
6. action 13. under
1. o n 14. illusions

17.
t. David invitedTony and his wif'eto dinner(fbr) the fbllowing / next evening
2. Tony acceptedthe invitationand insistedon bringingthe drinks/ insistedthat David
lct him bring the drinks
3. David warnedTony that he might haveto spendmore than he
1. Tony promised(that)he would bring enoughbecr fbr an army
Tony prornisedto bring enoughbeerfor an arrny
5. David remindedTony (him) to bring the rock 'n' roll album hc had boLrghtthc
previousday / otherday

18.
L He advisedme to go and apologiseto her imrnediately
He advisedthat I (should)go and apologiseto her immediarely
2. She confirmed(that) she would be flying to New York next week / the followrne
week
3. My daughter complained that her English teacher had given her a lot of extra
homeworkthe day before

t26
19.
l. confirmedthat the concertstarted
2. boastedthat he had alwaysgot(ten)
3. warnedher not to touch

D.
l.
l. home-made
2. 500-page

l. well-knownpolitician
2. well-dressed woman
3. red-haired girl
4. three-carl-amily

3.
I. The more tired you are.the easierit is to make mistakes
2. The hardero1e works, the further one (he) goes/ tendsto go in one's(his) career
3. The farther/ further we went into the forest.the lesshope of survival we had

4.
l. Thc severedrought causedthe cropsto fail
2. I won't speakto him until he apologises / hasapologised
3. Even though he was injured in the first ten minutes,he carriedon playingto the encl
Hc carriedon playing to the end even though he was injured in the l'irstten minutes
4. Despitenot eatingsaltyfbod, he sulfersfiom hypertension
Despitethe fact that he doesn'teat salty fbod, he suffersfiom hypertension
5. a) Becauseof (using)cellularphones,somenervousdisordersmay be causedin the
human body
b) Using cellularphonesmay resultin nervousdisordersin the humanbody
6. a) In izrnir.heavyrainsfrequentlybring floodsdue to an inadequate drainagesystcnr
b) An inadequate drainage slstern 1in izrnir) is responsiblsfopfisavy--rai.n+@+y
{+o-tzr$iF) {i=*1''.-\- b,<*Ct\ SJ r-<alll F-G\ru-}
$*.\
i . a) Venicewill sink underwiter somedaybecauseof the gradualrise in sealevels
b) Sealevelswill risegradually.As a result.Venicewill sink underwater
8. a) Duc to the migration of people from rural areas,there is social chaos in big cities /
socialchaosin big citieshappens/ follows / occurs
b) Peoplemigratefrom rural areas(to cities),resultingin socialchaosin cities
9. a) In view of l'asterand easiercommunication,banking and tradecan aim at globalization.
b) Communication is so much faster and easier that banking and trade can aim at
globalization
Communicationis so fast and easythat bankingand tradecan aim at globalization

5.
l. Not being very interested,he rejectedtheir offer
2. Knowing that this would happen,I took the necessaryprecautions

127
6.
l. but you don't have to / you needn't
2. We must obey whatever
3. Do you need/ have to leaveus

7.
L a) Due to the greatpotentialof nanotechnology, /Due to nanotechnologl"sgreatpotential.
many respectableresearchinstitutionshave been allocatinglarge sums of money for its
development
b) The great potentialof nanotechnology/I\anotechnology's great potential has led rnany
respectableresearchinstitutionsto allocatelarge sumsof money for its development
2. a) Somepeoplemay suffer tiom problemslike anorexiaand other mentaldisordersas a
resultof dieting for extendedperiodsof time / as a resultof overextendeddiets.As a
resultof dieting for extendedperiodsof time / As a resultof overextendeddiets.people
may suffer fiom problemslike anorexiaand other mentaldisorders
b) Some people diet for such extended periods of time that they may sulfcr fronr
problemslike anorexiaand other mentaldisorders
c) Some peoplediet for extendedperiodsof time; hence,they may suffer from problems
like anorexiaand other mentaldisorders

8.
l. a) Becauseof spacetravel,therewill be dramirticeffbctson philosophyand rclision
b) Dramaticeff-ects
on philosophyand religionwill fbllow liom spacetravcl
2. a) The destructionof rain fbrestswill set previouslyunknown bacteriaand virusesll-cc.
leadingto the contamination of the world
b) The contaminationof the world will be due to the destructionol' rain fbrcsts,settinc
the previouslyunknown bacteriaand virusesfiee
3. a) Car accidentsoccur/ happenas a resultof faulty roadconditions

9.
l. I have I hardlyany money/ anythingin my bank account
There is I
2. If he hadn'tbeenwearinghis seatbelt (when the accidenthappened),he would / could /
might have beenhurt seriously
3. Fred and Bill are so alike (that)most peoplemistakethem for eachorher
4. Jessica's father didn't let her go out that night even though she (had) beggedhim
-5. Even if Sheila/ shehad had the properequrpmentwith her,shewouldn'thaveclimbedthat
mountain
6. I would ratheryou didn'tlistento loud musicin this house
1 " Partialmemory lossmay resultfrom excessivedrinking
8. Parentswhose childrenare studyingfor the universityexam are having a hard time

10.
Yesterdaywe had a busy day at home. (No change)The garagedoor was mepdedby ry
father. The carpetswere cleanedby my mother. Our cat Samanthajumped from one
placeto another(No change)The woodwork was polishedby my sisterand I. In
our house,such things are usuallydone collectivelyon a particularday of the week. (No
asentneeded)

128
 E.
L 49. d 91. b 1 4 5 .c 1 9 3 .a
2. 50. a 98. c 146. d 1 9 4 .c
3. 5r. d 99. a 1 4 1 .c r95. d
1. 52. c 1 0 0 .d 1 4 8 .c 1 9 6 .d
5. 53. b l0l. c 1 4 9 .a 1 9 1 .b
6 54. c 102. c 1 5 0 .c 1 9 8 .c
1. 55. b 1 0 3 .d 1 5 1 .a r99. d
B. 56. c 104. a 1 5 2 .a 200. a
u 51. a 1 0 5 .a 1 5 3 .b 201.c
10. 58. c 1 0 6 .d 1 5 4 .b 20?_.c
ll. 59. c 1 0 7 .b l 5 - 5 .d 203. c
t2. 60. b r 0 B .b 1 5 6 .c 204. c
ta
l -1. 61. c r09. b 1 5 7 .a 20-s.b
t4. 62. b ll0. c r58. b 206. d
15. 63. d ll1. a r59. b 201. c
tb. 64. a 1 1 2 .a 1 6 0 .c 208. b
17. 65. b ll3. c l6r. d 209. c
Iti. 66. d l14. d 162. a 210.b
19. 61. a I l - 5 .b 1 6 3 .a 2ll. c
20. 68. b il6. d 1 6 4 .d 212. l)
21. 69. c I17. b 1 6 5 .c 2 1 3 .d
22. 10. d lt8. d t66. b 2 1 4 .c
L.). ll. c ll9. a 1 6 1 .b 2 l - 5 .d
"'l /1
La- 17. b 1 2 0 .c 1 6 8 .d 216.b
25. 13. a 1 2 1 .c 1 6 9 .b 2t1. d
26. 14. b 1 2 2 .b 1 7 0 .c 2r8. b
27. 15. a 123. d 17l. c 219.d
28. 16. d 124. c t72. d 220. a
29. 11. c 1 2 5 .a 1 1 3 .b 221.d
30. 7tt. d 126. Y) ll4. c 222. a
31. 19. b 1 2 1 .c l 7 - 5 .d 'l-\. '.1

-'tL. u0. a 1 2 8 .d 1 7 6 .a 224. b

33. 81. b 129. d ll7. a 225. l)
34. 82. c 1 3 0 .a 1 7 8 .c 226. d
3-5. 83. a l3l. b 1 1 9 .b 227. c
36. it4. d t -)2. c 1 8 0 .c 228. a
a1
.)t. 85. c 1 3 3 .c l8l. d 229. c
38. 86. d 1 3 4 .b r82. b 230. b
39. 87. a 1 3 5 .b 1 8 3 .a 231.a
40. 88. b r36 d 1 8 4 .c /.-11. c
41. 89. c 1 3 7 .a 1 8 5 .d 233. b
42. 90. b 1 3 8 .c 1 8 6 .c 234. d
43. 91. c 1 3 9 .a 1 8 7 .b 235.b
44. 92. a 1 4 0 .d 1 8 8 .a 236. c
45. 93. d 1 4 1 .d 1 8 9 .c z - 1/ . t)
46. 94. c 142. b 1 9 0 .c 238.d
47. 9s. b 1 4 3 .d 1 9 1 .d 239. b
48. 96. a 144. a 192. b 240. d

t29
241.c 255.b 269. d 2 8 3 .d 291. d
242. d 256. c 270. d 284. c 298. a
243. b 251.b 2 7 1 .c 285.b 299. c
244. c 258.b 272. d 286. a 300. c
245. c 259. d 273. b 287. b 3 0 1 .c
246. a 260. c 274. b 288.c 302. b
241. c 2 6 1 .c 275. a 289. a 303. d
248. b 262. b 276. a 290. c 304. c
249. c 263. c 217. c 2 9 1 .c 305.b
250. d 264. b 278. c 292. b 306. c
2 5 1 .b 265. c 279. c 293. d 307. d
252.c 266. b 280. d 294. d 308. b
2 5 3 .b 267. b 281. a 295. a
254. b 268. a 282. b 296. b

VOCAI}ULARY
A.
l. c 63. 94. c 125. d
2.b 64. 95. a 126. d
3. d 65. 96. c t21. b
4.a 66. 97. a l28. a
5.c 67. 98. a t29. d
6.d 68. 99. c I30. d
7. a 69. 100. d l3l. a
8.c 70. r01. b 132. d
9. b 11. t02. b r 3 3 .b
r0. d 12. 1 0 3 .c 134. a
ll. c | -). 1 0 4 .c r 3 - 5b.
t2. d 14. 1 0 5 .d 1 3 6 .c
13. a 75. 1 0 6 .a l3l. c
14. c 16. 1 0 1 .c l38. c
15. a 77. 1 0 8 .b 139 ir
16. b 78. 109 d 140. b
17. c 19. 1 1 0 .c l4l. a
lB. d 80. lll. a t42. d
19. b 81. l12. c 143 b
20. a 82. ll3. d 141. c
21. c 83. l14. a 1 4 , 5 .d
22. d 84. I15. c 146. b
23. d 85. l16. b 147. a
24. a 86. tt7. d 148. a
25. a 87. I lB. a 149" a
1Aa 88. I19. d I)tJ. c
21. d 89. 120. a l5t. d
28. c 90. l2l. a 1 5 2 .c
29. b 91. 1 2 2 .d 1 5 3 .b
30. c 92. 123. c 1 5 4 .b
31. a 93. 124. b 1 5 5 .d

r30
 B.
1 5 6 .b 1 5 9 .b r64.a l 69. t]4. a
1 5 7 .a I 60. d I65. t70. b 1 7 5 .b
1 5 8 .c l6l. 166. t 7 1. b 176.d
1 6 2 .d 1 6 7 .b 172.
I63. d r68. b 113.

C.
1. 3.
l . susceptible flaw t . condone
2 . prolong dilemma 2 . indispensable
3 . findings coherent -1. violate
A
+. endure random A
T. obsession
5 . contract demise
6 . disposeof enrich
1 . innate thrive

6.
bad-tempered/ aggressive bland I. blaze
selfish sedentary 2. inquisitive
extr()vert tossed 3. cautious
aggressive core 4. stampeded
assesslnent lapsed 5. withdrawn
sensitive dawned 6. embers
wrinkles responsive

seeeye to eye
learn...by heart
shrugyour shoulders
risk your neck
put your foot down

integration 1 . impending 12. dawned

might 8 . doom I 3. fosters
ZEST 9 . facilitates/ fbsters 14. soaring
t'lourish (providedit is not usedin l 3 ) 15. craftily
wipe out 10. retards 16. internalize
acqursition I 1. diversity

validate B. disorientated
predisposed 9. trampled
random 10. blaze
distortion I l. Leprosy
tangible 12. scarce
appalling 13. motive
prime 14. rage

131
10. 11. 12.
l. disrespect l. peers 1. disrespect
2. irrelevant 2. logs 2. illegible
3. illogical 3. screen 3. irrational
4. immature 4. frame 4. misbehave
5. execute 5. impolite
6. peak

13.
l. into 6. ease I l. jokes
2. singled 7. good 12. s t u b b o r n. . . m u l e
3. off 8. compliment 13. out
4. stick 9. move 14. b l i n d . . .b a t
5. send 10. takes

D. WORD BUILDING
l. 3.
l. confidence rmagrnary 1. failure
2. amazement variety 2. flight
3. commercial occurrence 3. landing
4. shyness increasingly 4. safety
depressed

4. 6.
l. Addiction sportsmanship I
l . moclillcation(s
)
2. personality Nervousness 2. qr-ralify
3. increasingly payment 3. clarify
4. rescntful imprisonment 4. specified/ specific
5. darkened 5. horror
6. observation

8. 9.
bankruptcy l. Intelligence l. miraculous
recede 2. sincerity 2. appliances
1'lawed 3. Loneliness 3. plantations
enrich 4. education 4. approval
lag
trendy
edge

10.
f . insecurity
2. invaluable
3. countless
4. solidify

t32
CLOZE TBST
1.
l. on
2. resort/ campi village
3. used
4. coast
5. would
6. for / to
1. tends/ attempts
8. for
9. always/ forever / constantly

2.
l. live/reside
2. never/ not
3. has
4. certainly/ definitely/ really/ considered / becoming
-5. long / cold / boring / tiresorne/ dark / depressing/ horrible
6. bored
1. They / Thesc
8. fiom
9. having
10.an
I l . h a d/ h a v e
12. of
13. generally/ basically/ mostly/ also
14. rangeI rtn I last/ go
15.to
16. Thcse/ The
17. centres/ schools/ institutions
lB. Ar
I 9. because
20. too I very / rcally
21. his/the/for
22. so
23. Realising/ Seeing/ Understanding / Since/ Because/ As
24. fiom
25. help
26. of latlin
21. but I however
28. make
29. how
30. can't/ doesn't
3l . the
32. care
33. useful/ beneficial/ worthwhile / productive/ too

133
dolamlget
most/some/many/all/the
Even/Often
tightly/carefully/meticulously/badly/well
that
was/is
rather
not
buy/get/take/purchase/lift/choose
We
what/things/goods/i tems/products/commodi ties/whatever
took
up
nice/little/short
shopkeeper/grocer/clerk/assi stanUowner
with
just/had
were
in/into
f t/f unnylstrange/peculi ar
skiI ful/quick/rapid/casual/swi
way/common
basket
counter/point/area
hygienically/carefully/impersonally/tightlyiuncomfortably/intimidatingly/ingenioLrsly
who
with
come/returnI goI getlarelhead
you
of
fiom
having
obj ect/instrument/thingiitem/gadget/tool/appliance
opening/tearing/rippi ng

used/ tended
himself
When / After
get
would
keeps
tends
on
for
enough/ some/ considerable/ constant

t34
1. ideas/ suggestions/ recommendations / 17. the
advice I 8. brakesi pedals
2. begin / start/ tend 19. must/ should
3. to / and 20. the
4. error 21. will I can lcould / may / might
5. the /a 22. to
6. begin / start / try / do 23. decided/ concluded/ understood/
1 . analysing discovered/ thought/ earned/ realised
8. recognise/ realiseI see I acknowledge/ decides/ concludes/ understands/ discovers
admit / thinks/ earns/ realises
9. example/ instance 24. because/ for / since/ as
10. can't/ cannot 25. gear
I l. usually/ often/ normally/ generally/ 26. look
fiequently 2J. read/ learn
12. is 28. his / some/ several
13. the I our I a 29. can/ should
1 4 . S a m/ h e 30. studying/ analysing/ deterrnining
15. find / detectI earnI see/ uncover/ determine 3 1 . s e v e r a l / s o m e / g o o d
16. work / function 32. Sani
33. might I may lcan / could

6.
l. buying/ getting 18. a
2. list 1 9 . w h e n/ w h i l e
3. Then / Next 20. should/ must/ can
1. lollow / read 21. tomatoes
5. go 22. buy
6. you 23. you
1. a n d/ s o 24. grade
tt. you 25. product/ one
(). you 26. a
10. childreni kids 21. Grade
I 1. them 28. all
I 2. have 29. Shoppers/ People/ You / We
13. brand 30. they / you / we
14. pointsi things 31. are
15. can/tin 32. fresh
16. at 33. they
17. see/ learn

l. whom 6. where
2. whose 1. which
3. which / that 8. while
4. who 9. how
5. until / before 10. unless

135
8.
1. make 11 . u n t i l
2. also 12. However/ Nevertheless
/ Nonetheless
/ Yet
3" where 13. of
4. I 14. how
5. about 15. befbre/ when / as
6. which 16. and
1. so 17. what
B. out 18. as
9. first 19. like
10. the / this / that 20. than

at 8. bv
priority 9. out
make 10.in
for I l. nrake
put 12. give / offbr / provide
take I 3. experience
of 14.do

10.
Lwe 18. the
2. system 19. those
3. our / the 20. provide/ allow
4. because 21. become/be
5. better 22. dramaI play
6. even/ sometime. 23. the
1. add/contribute 24. to
u. And / Even 25. it
9. be 26. to
10. we 27. power
I l. our 28. ones
1 2 . c a r e f u l l y/ w e l l 29. of
13. brainwashed / overwhelmed/ bombarded 30. and
1 4 . t h a t/ w h i c h 3 1 . w i t h i n/ i n
15.of 32. Every / Each / Any
16.this 33. In
|7. and

11.
l. the 10.miss(ed)
2- must/ will / can I l. the
3" course 12. not
4. you I 3. you
5. study/ work r 4 . $r, 0 0 0
6. the 15.that
1. The 16. that/ the
8. studying/ working 1 7 .n o t
9- you I 8. your

r36
19. Therefore/ Thus 2J. weather
20. the 28. the
21. the I a 29. has
22. needed/ required/ necessary 30. most
23. what 31.of
24. ask 32. are
2-5.andI or 33. and
26. is

12.
l. the 14. TV / television
2. didn't 1,5. control/ check/limit
3. chairs 16. TV / television
1" the 11. all / every/ each
-5. kept/ continued 18. were
6. seeI watch 19. experiment
1. started/ began 20. everyone/ everybody
it. our/thc 21. TV / television
9. meals/ dinner/ supper 22. to
1 0 .t h e 23. games
I l. because / fbr / as/ since 21. family
1 2 .s e e/ w a t c h 25. my
13. I'avourite

13.
l. to/in I 8. students
2. and/ or 1 9 . n a n n y/ m a i d
3. are 20. then
,1. with 2 l. speak
-5. is 22. wash
6. work I go 23. the
1. travel/ travelling/ it 24. speak
8. work 25. a
9. kids / childrcn/ people 26. the
10.of 27. enjoys/ likes
ll. in 28. tt
12.is 29. children/ kids
13. used/ seems/ appears 30. who / that
14. Unless/ lf. Treatit accordinglywith no l 6 31. been
l-5. rhe 32. passport/ bag / things/ berggage
/
16. very/ a (pairedwith 'If') suitcase / money
1 7 "a n 33. was

14.
l. such
2. to
3. out
4. up
-5. none

13'l
15.
l. in 5. in / every
2. into 6. on
3. in 7. with
4. against/ about 8. under

16.
l . few 11. there
z . for 18. bring
J. offering / arranging/ agreeing 19. find
1 . I'm 20. that
5 . of 21. brother
6 . news 22. one
1 . in / during 23. very lreally
8 . take/ drive 24. either
9 . where 25. cold
1 0 .when 26. While
l l . you re 21. could / can
1 2 .Going 28. is
1a
l - ) . favourite 29. its
t 4 . greatI wonderful / terrific / fantastic/ 30. book / reserve/ arrang.'
marvellous/nice/good 3 1. hardly
1 5 .Id 32. stopped
1 6 .a s / s i n c e / b e c a u s e 33. there's

17.
l. started/began 18. paying
2. with 19. through/ over
3. buy / get 20. saw / noticed
4- owned/ run 21. packets/tins
5. prices 22. instead
6. shop(s)/ market(s)/supermarket(s) 23. basket(s)
1. did 24. the
8. fresh(er) 25. Let's
9. couldn't 26. one
10.a 27. from
I l. where 28. what
12. her / Jennifer 29. to
13. there 30. front
14. whom 31. pay
15. looked 32. in
| 6. such 33. even
/ young
I 7. teenagers

t38
18.
1. those 18. little
2. in 19. attending
3. used 20. town / city
4. like 21. with
5. weren't 22. university/ college
6. poor 23. the
1. family 24. get / receive
8. listening 25. never/ rarely / seldom
9. fall 26. especially/ particularly
10. and 21. difficult/ impossible
11. at / before 28. the / my
12. only / just 29. there
13. aged/ ranging 30. between
14. whom 31. even/also
l-5. got / was/ became 32. didn't/ couldn't
16. an 33. kept
17. great

19.
l. introduced 9. knows/ has
2. in 10. down
3. on I l. looking/ staring
4. better 12.in
5. can't 1 3 . g o o d/ u s e
6. take 14. do
1. move 15. change
8. out

20.
l. kind/sort/type
2. Revealing/ Telling / Writing / Admitting / Divulging / Disclosing/ Presenting/
Explaining
3. people/ individuals/ journalists/ staff / writers / persons/ strangers
4. fiorn
5. to
6. total / complete
1 . s i n c e/ b e c a u s ea/ s/ c o n s i d e r i n gk/ n o w i n g / t h i n k i n g /b e l i e v i n g/ g i v e n
8. see/ meetI find lencounter
9. Besides/ Moreover/ Furthermore/ Additionally
10. attentively/ carefully/ closely/ seriously
I l. more
12. turn / opportunity/ chance/ moment
13. interesting / dramatic/ tragici depressing/exciting / moving/ heartbreaking / boring/
sordid/ intimate
14. do I fare
15. single/ seek
16. or
17. whom
1 8 . k n o w s/ s a y s/ t h i n k s

r39
19. is/ you
20. However
21. problem/ story / secret/ trouble lpain ltragedy
22. black
23. but
24. of / offering/ providing/ supplying/ furnishing/ giving / with
25. light / slight/ gentle/ harsh/ severe/ sharp/ cutting
26. really/ truly i genurnely/ so / this / that
27. with
28. which
29. reflect/ show / indicate/ display/ reveal/ represent
30. irnpossible / hard/ difficult / ridiculous/ absurd
31. fbund / given / contained
32. be
33. of

21.
l. can/ could I may I rnight/ will
2. and/ or
3. of
4.a
5. with / by / through/ using
6. becomes/ acts/ bchaves
t how
U. of
9. monstrous/ worst/ best/ essential / major/ necessary
/ reclurred
10. lack (i1'theanswerto 9 is monstrousor worst)/ feeling/ sense/ attitudc
I l. his
I 2. parent
13.he/she
1,1.him / her
15.in
16.child
17. tr
I t3. their
I 9. years
20. to
2l. "no"
22. he
2 - 1 .o f t e n/ u s u a l l y/ s o r n c t i r n c s
24. actually/ even/ sometimes(providedthe answerto 23 is not thc samc)
25, I
26. of
27. recognised/ saw / tasted(if the answerto 29 is "explanation")
28. in / as
29. look / glanceI explanation
30. a
31" ir
32. would / could / might
33. we

140
22.
l. us
2. seemsI is / appears
3. There
4. kind / sort
5. but
6. This / That
7. to
B" if / when
9" the
10. the
I l. our I the / any
12. Now / Nowadays/ Therefore/ Thus / Hence
1 3 . r n o s t/ m a n y
14. bringing/ fbrcing/ getting/ disciplining
15. feel / think / know
16. them
| 7. rcgurd/ sec/ pcrceive
18. are
19. fbr
20. be
21. fbr
?2. interest
23. or
24. frorn
2-5.obstructs/ prcvents/ hinders/ inhibits/ afl'ccts/ discourages
26. on
27 up
2tl. was
29. Teachers/ Instructors
30" it
31. in
32. to
33. who

23.
l. at
2. where
3. before
4. of
5. until
6. in
1. due
B. fbr
9. about

141