Annotated Bibliography

Primary

Article

Khan, Karen Savage and Daryl. "After 5 Decades, Ruby Bridges Gets Applause Instead of Death

Threats in School." Youth Today. N.p., 27 Jan. 2016. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

This is an article of Ruby Bridges talking to students at Columbia High School. From this

source, I got several quotes that helped me understand Rubys mindset towards her first day of

school at William Frantz. This is a primary source because there are quotes directly from Ruby

Bridges.

Books

Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. New York: Scholastic, 1999. Print.

This is a detailed book written by Ruby Bridges herself. It not only includes the key

moments of first grade for Ruby Bridges, but it includes the feelings and the details of what it

was like to be threatened and hated by others everyday when she went to school. I used this book

for many of my paragraphs, and it helped me understand in detail what Ruby went through. It is

a primary source because it was written by Ruby Bridges.

Coles, Robert. The Story of Ruby Bridges.

This is a book written by Ruby Bridges psychiatrist during her first year at William

Frantz. It includes some of the key moments of that school year. I used information from this

book on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped me understand what Ruby Bridges truly
thought of the protesters at the time. I also used illustrations from this book on my website

because there are not very many photographs of Ruby Bridges when she was going to William

Frantz. It is a primary source because Robert Coles helped Ruby throughout the school year.

Steinbeck, John. Travels with Charley.

This is a book that has a few pages about Ruby Bridges. The author, John Steinbeck,

went to New Orleans and saw Ruby Bridges walk into William Frantz He was horrified by what

he saw and heard. I used information from this book on my After First Grade page. It helped me

understand just how cruel the protesters were to someone so innocent. It is a primary source

because John Steinbeck wrote about seeing Ruby Bridges walk into William Frantz in 1960.

Interviews

Bridges, Ruby. Interview. By Charlayne Hunter-Gault. Feb. 1997.

This is an interview between Ruby Bridges and Charlayne Hunter-Gaunt.I used an

excerpt from this interview on my after First Grade page. It helped me understand just how much

Ruby Bridges parents had told her about her new school. This is a primary source because it is

an interview with Ruby Bridges.

Bridges, Ruby. Interview. By Oprah Winfrey. 1 Jan. 2015.

This is an interview between Oprah Winfrey and Ruby Bridges. I used an excerpt from

the interview on my After First Grade Page. It helped me understand Ruby Bridges position on

violence. This is a primary source because it is an interview with Ruby Bridges.

Newspapers

The New York Times. 11 Nov. 1960.

This is an excerpt from a newspaper three days before Ruby was going to integrate

William Frantz. I used it on my First Grade page. It helped me understand how important Ruby

Bridges integration of one school would affect several states. It is a primary source because it is

a newspaper from the time of the Civil Rights Movement.

The New York Times. 14 Nov. 1960.

This is a newspaper excerpt of Ruby Bridges and her mother walking into William

Frantz. The writer described them and provided a statistic. I used this quote on my First Grade

page. It helped me understand how Ruby acted when she saw the large crowd outside of her new

school. It is a primary source because it is a newspaper from when Ruby integrated William

Frantz.

The New York Times. 18 Nov. 1960.

I used an excerpt from the New York Times on my Struggles page. It includes a quote

from Ruby Bridges fathers boss at a garage, who fired him because he was part of integration.

It helped me understand that Rubys whole family was affected by integration. It is a primary

source because it is a newspaper from 1960.

Pictures

Don't follow the path. Go where there is no path and begin the trail. When you start a new trail
 equipped with courage, strength, and conviction, the only thing that can stop you is you!

I used this quote from Ruby Bridges to show what she has learned from her experiences.

It helped me understand what she is trying to get children to do by speaking to them at school. It

is a primary source because it is a quote.

Mrs. Gabrielle Walks Yolanda into School.

This is a picture of Mrs. Gabrielle walking her daughter, Yolanda, one of the few students

who continued to go to William Frantz, to school. I used this picture on the Throughout the

School Year page. It helped me understand that it was very dangerous to go to William Frantz

without an escort by policemen or marshals. It is primary source because it is a picture from

1960.

Portrait of 6-Year-Old Ruby Bridges.

This is a portrait of Ruby Bridges when she was six years old. I used this picture on the

First Days page to show what Ruby looked like when she was 6 years old. It is a primary source

because it is a picture of Ruby when she was going to William Frantz.

Protestors and Women with Black Doll in Coffin.

This is a picture of protesters outside of William Frantz. One woman was holding a black

doll in a coffin. I used this picture in myslideshow on the First Grade page. It helped me

understand how intimidating the protesters outside of William Frantz were. This is primary

source because it is a picture from when Ruby went to William Frantz.

Protesters During Civil Rights Movement.

This is a photograph of women and children protesting integration. I used this picture in

myslideshow on the First Grade page. It helped me understand that people of all ages protested.

This is a primary source because it is a picture from around the time of integration.

Racism Is a Grown-Up Disease and We Must Stop Using Our Children to Spread It..

I used this quote to show Ruby Bridges beliefs. It helped me understand what Ruby

Bridges message is. It is primary because it is a quote from Ruby Bridges herself.

Reverend Lloyd Foreman Walking his Daughter, Pam, to School.

This is a picture of Reverend Lloyd Foreman walking his daughter, Pam, to school. I used

this picture on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped me understand how the white

students got to school (were not escorted). It is a primary source because it is a picture of one of

the white children who were still going to William Frantz in 1960.

"Robert Coles.

This is a picture of Robert Coles. I used it on my Support page to show who Robert Coles

is. It showed me what a large impact he had on Ruby and other children.

"Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry Reunited."

This is a photograph of Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry together. I used this photograph

on my Struggles page. It showed me what Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry look like today, and
it helped me understand how close they became over something that happened fifty-seven years

ago. It is primary because its a picture.

"Ruby Bridges and Obama." 2 July 2011.

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges in the White House with 44th U.S. President, Barack

Obama. They are looking at the famous painting The Problem We All Live With. I used this

photograph on my Annotated Bibliography page. It helped me understand that Ruby Bridges was

not recognized much for her courage when she was a teenager, but when she was an adult, she

got the recognition she deserved.

Ruby Bridges at the blackboard with Mrs. Henry.

This is a photograph of Barbara Henry teaching Ruby. I used this picture in my

Throughout the Year page. It helped me understand Barbara Henrys teaching style with Ruby.

This is a primary source because it is a picture of Ruby Bridges being taught at William Frantz.

Ruby Bridges Interviewed by Oprah Winfrey."

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges being interviewed by Oprah WInfrey. I used this picture

on my After First Grade page. It helped me understand that there are many people who are

moved by Ruby Bridges courage.

"Ruby Bridges in 2010." 21 September 2010.

 This is a picture of Ruby Bridges in 2010. I used this picture on my home page, and it

helped me understand what she looks like now. It is a primary source because it is a picture of

Ruby Bridges.

"Ruby Bridges on the Playground with Other White Students."

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges playing on the monkey bars with white students at

William Frantz. I used this picture on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped me

understand that there were only a few white students still going to school. This is a primary

source because it is a picture from 1960 of Ruby Bridges and other students.

"Ruby Bridges Talking to Students at Columbia High School."

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges talking to students at Columbia High School. I used this

picture on my After First Grade page. It helped me understand how Ruby Bridges is still

impacting childrens lives today.

"Ruby's Bridges Visiting with Children.

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges with students after talking to them. I used this picture

on my After First Grade page. It helped me understand what Ruby Bridges is doing today. It is a

primary source because it is a a picture.

Ruby Bridges Walking into William Frantz. 14 Nov. 1960.

I used this picture of Ruby walking into William Frantz in the slideshow on my First

Grade page. It helped me understand how small Ruby was compared to the four U.S. Federal

Marshals. It is a primary source because it is a picture of Ruby at the time.

Ruby Bridges Walking out of School. 14 Nov. 1960.

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges leaving William Frantz. I used this picture on my First

Days page, which shows what Ruby looked like in comparison to the Federal Marshals. It helped

me understand that Ruby never looked back, and never looked at the crowd, she just walked

straight ahead. This is a primary source because it is a picture of of Ruby walking out of William

Frantz in 1960.

"Ruby Sitting with Other White Children."

This is a picture of Ruby Bridges sitting with white students at William Frantz. I used this

picture on the Throughout the School Year page. It helped me understand that there were only a

few white students still going to school.

"White and Colored Fountain."

This is a picture of a fancy, white water fountain, and an old, colored water fountain right

next to each other. I used this photograph on myslide show on the First Grade page. It helped me

understand that most things were set to a lesser standard for colored people. It is a primary

source because it is a picture from the Civil Rights Movement.

Videos

Robert Coles Talking about His Learning and Understanding of Ruby Bridges. N.p., n.d. Web. 5

Feb. 2017.
 This is a video of Robert Coles talking about the unique qualities of Ruby Bridges. I put

this video on the Support page. It helped me understand why Robert Coles wanted to help Ruby.

It is primary because it is a video of Robert Coles, who was Rubys psychiatrist during her first

year at William Frantz.

"Ruby Bridges Shares the Key to Overcoming Racism." Video.

I used this video on my Historical Significance page. It helped me understand how Ruby

Bridges felt when she was going to William Frantz.

Secondary

Audio Clip

"Ruby's Shoes." Ruby Bridges.

I used this audio clip of the song Rubys Shoes by Lori McKenna on my After First

Grade page. It helped me understand that Ruby is still appreciated by many people, and she is

not forgotten. It is a secondary source because the person who wrote the song did not witness

Ruby Bridges walking into school.

Press Release

"President Clinton Awards the Presidential Citizens Medals." The White House.

This press release includes a list of people (including Ruby Bridges) who were awarded

the Presidential Citizens Medal and why. I used information from it on my After First Grade

page. It helped me understand that Ruby Bridges was a large part of desegregation. This press

release is a secondary source because it is not from around the time of integration. Ruby Bridges
was awarded this Presidential Citizens Medal many years after going to William Frantz, and the

brief description of her is a summary from other sources.

Websites

"History - Ruby Bridges: Honorary Deputy." U.S. Marshals Service.

This website is about Ruby Bridges and why she was awarded as an honorary deputy. I

used information from this website on my After First Grade page. It helped me understand one of

Ruby Bridges many achievements. This website is a secondary source because it is not firsthand

information.

"New Orleans Mardi Gras 2017." Louisiana Pick Your Passion! Louisiana Office of Tourism.

This website explains what Mardi Gras in New Orleans are like, and what goes on during

the time. I used this website on my First Grade page. It helped me understand why Ruby Brides

thought that the people outside of William Frantz were celebrating Mardi Gras. This is a

secondary source because it is not from the time of integration.

"Ruby Bridges, a Brave Child Who Tried to Help All Children." Welcome To "Voices That Guide

Us" Personal Narratives. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

This website described Rubys childhood, and it included a lot of information about her

role in society today. I used information from this website on my After First Grade page. It

helped me understand why Ruby Bridges created the Ruby Bridges Foundation. This is a

secondary source because it is a summary of her life, and is not first hand information.
"Ruby Bridges Biography." Bio.com. Ed. Biography.com Editors. A&E Networks Television,

n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2016.

This website describes Ruby Bridges life and her accomplishments. I used information

from this website in my Thesis. It helped me understand Ruby Bridges impact on society. This is

a secondary source because it includes information that is summarized from other sources.

"Ruby Bridges Timeline."softschools.com

I used the information from this website on my After First Grade page. It helped me

understand that Ruby Bridges is still making a difference in schools. This is a secondary source

because it includes information that was gathered from several different other secondary sources.

"Ruby Bridges." Weebly.

I used this website as a guide for my Thesis. It helped me understand what the Ruby

Bridges Foundation is. It is a secondary source because it is not first hand information.

"The Power of Children." The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis.

This is the website for the Childrens Museum of Indianapolis, which has an exhibit that

features Ruby Bridges. I used information from this website on my Achievements page to

describe what the exhibit is. It helped me understand that Ruby Bridges is remembered in many

different displays: exhibits, paintings, and even in a song. This website is a secondary source

because it includes information that is summarized from other sources.

Image
"Ruby Bridges Foundation Logo."

This is the Ruby Bridges Foundation Logo. I used this image on the Ruby Bridges

Foundation page. It is a secondary source because it is not a picture from the Civil Rights

Movement.

"New Orleans, Louisiana." Map.

This is a map of New Orleans, Louisiana, where Ruby went to William Frantz. This map

is on my Before First Grade page. It is a secondary source because it is a map.

Rockwell, Norman Perceval. The Problem We All Live With.

This is a famous painting of Ruby Bridges walking into school. It was painted by Norman

Rockwell. I used this painting on my After First Grade Page. It helped me understand the

struggles that Ruby went through everyday. Also, it helped me understand that there were some

white people who did not want integration in public schools. It is secondary because it is a

painting of Ruby, so it is not an actual photograph from the time. The painting was done after

Ruby went to William Frantz.It was completed january 14, 1964.