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Process
The Define
Capable
?
Process
Quality
Improvement Select
Measures
Model
Collect &
Interpret
Data
respect to customer No Is
Improve
/management needs. Process
Process
Capable
Capability
?
Yes
Use SPC to
Maintain
Current
Process
8-1
Is
Process
Capable Process Capable
?
Histogram
Control Chart
UCL
CL
LCL
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Run Order Lower Spec Upper Spec
Target
Counting Measures
The average percent defectives.
The average number of defects.
Instrument Measures
Comparing both the center of the process and the process
variation
8-3
Capability Assessment for Counting Measures Is
Process
Capable
Order Entry Process ?
Week # Errors
1 15
2 22 Control Chart
35
3 18
4 10 30
UCL=28.0
5 13 Number 25
6 9 of Errors
20
7 27 Avg=16.0
15
8 12
9 24 10
10 22 5 LCL=4.0
11 8
0
12 8 5 10 15 20
13 26 Week
14 16
15 20
16 10 Is this process adequate as is?
17 16
18 9 Should it be improved?
19 15
20 20
Total 320
8-4
Measures of Process Capability Is
Process
Capable
USL - LSL
Cp = Specification Range =
?
True Process Range 6sc
LSL USL
8-6
Is
Process
Process Capability Ratios Capable
?
LSL USL
8-7
Is
Process
Capable
?
8-8
Is
Process
Capable
?
Process Capability - The Strategy
Centering The Process Is On Target
Defects Defects
LSL USL
8-9
Process Capability Ratios Is
Process
Capable
?
USL LSL
Cp
6sc
X - LSL USL- X
Cpk Min( , )
3sc 3sc
8-10
Is
Process
USL LSL
Cp
6sc
Total Tolerance
Cp
Process Spread
8-11
CP & CPK Measure Short-term
I Chart for C1
Is
Process
Capable
Capability 39 ?
3.0SL=37.36
Individual Value 34
Is The Process
In Control ?
X=30.60
29
Is It Producing
Defects ?
24 -3.0SL=23.84
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Observation Number
8-12
Long Term Performance
I Chart for C3
Is
Process
Capable
?
50
3.0SL=47.12
20 -3.0SL=20.49
0 50 100
Observation Number
8-13
A Further Look at Capability Is
Process
Capable
?
Descriptive Statistics
8-14
Measures of Process Performance Is
Process
Specification Range = USL - LSL Capable
Pp = ?
True Process Range 6ss
Days
CO2Sales Outstanding
Levels for 55 Timefor 55 Days
Points
14
13
CO2-Shrt
DSO
12
11
10
Index 10 20 30 40 50
8-16
Is
Process
Capability vs. Performance Capable
?
Days
CO2Sales Outstanding
Levels for 55 Timefor 55 Days
Points
14
13
CO2-Shrt
DSO
12
11
10
Index 10 20 30 40 50
USL LSL
P p
6ss
X - LSL USL- X
P pk Min( , )
3ss 3ss
8-19